The chain rule is used to dierentiate functions such as
(x3 4x)5; e3x2 ; sin(5x ) ; cos2 x ; ln(9x2 + 2) The chain rule can be found on the formula sheet and states that dy dx = dy du du dx It is easiest to see how the chain rule works in examples. Example 6.1 Find the derivative of (x3 4x)5 . Solution Let u = x3 4x then y = u3. Now work out dy du = 5u4 and du dx = 3x2 4 Then substitute into the chain rule equation to get dy dx = dy du du dx = 5u4 (3x2 4) = 5(x3 4x)4(3x2 4) 3 Example 6.2 Find the derivative of y = ln(9x2 + 2) . Solution Let u = 9x2 + 2 then y = lnu. Now work out dy du = 1 u and du dx = 18x Then substitute into the chain rule equation to get dy dx = dy du du dx = 1 u (18x) = 18x 9x2 + 2 6.1.3 Product Rule The product rule is used to dierentiate functions such as x3 sin x; e3x cos x ; 3x2 ln 3x Here y = f(x) is the product of two functions, so we could write y = u(x)v(x). To dierentiate such functions we use the product rule. On the formula sheet the product rule is written as if y = uv then y0 = u0 v + uv0 It is easiest to see how the product rule works in examples. Example 6.3 Find the derivative of y = x3 sin x . Solution First we assign u and v. Let u = x3 and v = sin x. Second we calculate the components of the product rule formula. If u = x3 then u0 = 3x2 and if v = sin x then v0 = cos x Finally we substitute these components into the product rule formula. y0 = u0 v + uv0 = 3x2 sin x + x3 cos x Example 6.4 Find the derivative of y = 3x2 ln 3x . Solution First we assign u and v. Let u = 3x2 and v = ln3x. Second we calculate the components of the product rule formula. If u = 3x2 then u0 = 6x and if v = ln3x then v0 = 3 x Finally we substitute these components into the product rule formula. So y0 = u0 v + uv0 = 6x ln 3x + 3x2 3 x = 6xln 3x + 9x 4 6.1.4 Quotient Rule The quotient rule is used to dierentiate functions such as 3 sin 2x x2 + 4x ; x3 + 3x2 2 x5 + 3 ; sinh x cosh x Here y = f(x) is the quotient of two functions, so we could write y = u(x) v(x) . To dierentiate such functions we use the quotient rule. On the formula sheet the quotient rule is written as if y = u v then y0 = u0 v uv0 v2 It is easiest to see how the quotient rule works in examples. Example 6.5 Find the derivative of y = 3 sin 2x x2 + 4x
Solution First we assign u and v. Let u = 3 sin 2x and v = x2 +4x. NOTE: v has to be the function on the bottom. Second we calculate the components of the quotient rule formula. If u = 3 sin 2x then u0 = 6 cos 2x and if v = x2 + 4x then v0 = 2x + 4 Finally we substitute these components into the quotient rule formula. y0 = u0 v uv0 v2 = (6 cos 2x) (x2 + 4x)(3 sin 2x) (2x + 4) (x2 + 4x)2 Example 6.6 Find the derivative of y = sinh x cosh x
Solution First we assign u and v. Let u = sinh x and v = cosh x. Second we calculate the components of the quotient rule formula. If u = sinh x then u0 = cosh x and if v = cosh x then v0 = sinh x Finally we substitute these components into the quotient rule formula. y0 = u0 v uv0 v2 = cosh x cosh x sinh x sinh x (cosh x)2 = 1tanh2 x Exercises 6.1 1. Find f0(x) if : (a) f(x) = 6x3 ; (b) f(x) = 9 x4 ; (c) f(x) = 5x5 + 4x2 + 7 2. Find s0(t) if : s(t) = 5t2 + 10t + 25 3. Find f0(x) if : (a) f(x) = (x3+3x)6 ; (b) f(x) = e4x23x ; (c) f(x) = cos(5x+3) 4. Find f0(x) if : (a) f(x) = 2x2 ln(3x3) ; (b) f(x) = 6x3ex ; (c) f(x) = sin x cos x 5. Find f0(x) if : (a) f(x) = 3x x3 (b) f(x) = x2 1 + ex (c) f(x) = tan x