PR0BABILITY foi IIT }EE (0uus in favoi oi against)

Piobability holus an impoitance in IIT }EE papeis fiom the veiy beginning. Eveiy yeai
aiounu two questions in Nains anu aiounu two to thiee questions in Auvance have
been askeu fiom this topic.

If we follow CBSE syllabus we stuuy piobability twice, once in class 11 anu again in
class 12. In this blog we will tiy anu uiscuss about the ways to piepaie Piobability foi
IIT }EE be it mains oi auvance.

In class 11 the Piobability that we stuuy mostly ueals with funuamentals of counting
anu classical uefinition of piobability. The classical uefinition states that "!"#$%$&'&() #+
%, -.-,( &/ (0- "%(&# #+ (0- ,12$-" #+ 3%/-/ +%.#"%$'- (# &(4 (# (0- ,12$-" #+ %'' 3%/-/
5#//&$'-". In this section we mostly finu out piobabilities using concepts of
Peimutation anu Combination. So to mastei this section we have to be sounuly goou at
Peimutation anu Combination.

The seconu section of Piobability that we stuuy in class 12th coveis the concepts of
Conuitional Piobability, Total Piobability anu Baye's Theoiem. We also stuuy the
concepts of Ranuom vaiiable, its piobability uistiibution, the Nean anu vaiiance of
piobability uistiibution, Binomial Piobability anu its uistiibution. In this section focus
is little less towaius counting anu P&C iathei the focus is towaius above stateu topics
anu methous to finu the piobabilities.

To piepaie Piobability foi IIT }EE we shoulu focus towaius iuentifying the ianuom
expeiiment in the question. this will help us ueteimine oui Sample space, the event to
finu out the numbei of favouiable cases. It is also impoitant to iuentify the question
types, whethei it belongs to conuitional piobability oi total piobability oi Baye's
Theoiem oi Binomial piobability.

In questions of Conuitional Piobability we have to finu out the piobability of
occuiience of an event B when an event A has alieauy occuiieu. Like foi e.g. to finu
piobability of occuiience of a multiple of S on a thiow of a faii uice if it alieauy known
that an even numbei has tuineu up.

In total piobability questions theie will be two oi moie paititions of sample space anu
we have to finu the piobability of occuiience of anu event A associateu with the sample
space. Foi e.g. theie aie two bags containing uiffeient numbeis of ieu anu blue balls
then piobability of uiawing a ieu ball out of a ianuomly selecteu bag.

In Baye's Theoiem, also calleu ieveise piobability, the ianuom expeiiment has alieauy
taken place anu the final iesult is also known, then we go back in the expeiiment to
finu out the piobability of occuiience of a paiticulai event. like foi e.g out of two bags,
bag I anu bag II containing uiffeient numbei of ieu anu blue balls. A ball was uiawn at
ianuom anu founu to be ieu so what is the piobability that it was fiom bag II.

In Binomial piobability the ianuom expeiiment consists of n tiials of a paiticulai event.
The outcome of the event is eithei a sucess oi a failuie (to be ueciueu as pei the
question), then piobability of getting i successes out of n. Foi e.g. a coin is tosseu 1u
times then piobability of getting 4 heaus.

To sum it up theie shoulu be few points we shoulu always look foi while piepaiing foi
piobability anu while solving questions:

1. The ianuom expeiiment of the question.
2. The event which we want to finu the piobability of.
S. The type of question i.e. whethei it is of conuitional piobability oi total piobability
oi baye's theoiem.

Piactice a lot of question because "6%(0-2%(&3/ &/ %, %(0'-(&3 /7&''8 90- 2#"- )#1
5"%3(&3-4 (0- 2#"- )#1 3%,4 (0- 2#"- )#1 :%,( (#4 (0- 2#"- )#1 -,;#) &(4 (0- '-// &( (&"-/
)#1."

-Akash uautama