Agilent 3G RNC PDF

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1450 1550 Agilent UMTS Troubleshooting and Optimization System

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Page 1
Jeff Chien j
Account Manager
Agilent Technologies Taiwan Ltd.
Mobile: 0917-672-041
E-mail: jeff-yc_chien@agilent.com
Introduction to 3G
Network Architecture
and Protocol Model
NSTO Mobile Field Training
Agilent Restricted
February 2006 Page 2
Agenda
3GPP UMTS Release Evolution
UMTS Network Architecture
3GPP Protocol Model
Key UMTS Technology Concepts
2
Agilent Restricted
Release 99 :
Initial 3GPP release in 1999, also called as Release 3
ATM based UTRAN, uses GSM/GPRS core network
Release 4
Big changes in core network
Uses VoIP technology and Soft Switch Architecture (Separate the MSC
into MSC server and MGW)
Support for GERAN (GSM/Edge RAN)
Release 5
Implement IP based UTRAN
Support for HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)
Core network is upgraded to IMS architecture
Release 6
Support for HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access), etc.
Agilent Restricted
UMTS Roadmap
3
Agilent Restricted
Agenda
3GPP Protocol Model
Agilent Restricted
UE
UE
4
Agilent Restricted
Node B
UU
Node B
Node B
Node B
UU
UE
Agilent Restricted
RNC
Iub
RNC
Node B
Node B
Node B
Iub
UU
UE
5
Agilent Restricted
RNS
RNC
Node B
Node B
Node B
Iub
RNS
UU
UE
Agilent Restricted
RNC
Iur
RNC
Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
Iub
Iur
UU
UE
6
Agilent Restricted
SRNC and DRNC
Iur
SRNC
Node B
DRNC
Node B
Node B
Iub
Iur
UU
Agilent Restricted
Core
Iu
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
Node B
Node B
Iub
Iur
Iu
UU
UE
7
Agilent Restricted
CS Core
IuCS
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
Circuit Switched (CS)
Node B
Node B
Iub
Iur
UU
IuCS
Agilent Restricted
PSTN Connectivity
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Node B
Node B
Iub
Iur
UU
IuCS
8
Agilent Restricted
PS Core
IuPS
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
Packet Switched (PS)
PSTN
CS networks
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
UU
IuCS
Agilent Restricted
Internet Connectivity
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
UU
IuCS
9
Agilent Restricted
MSC
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
UU
IuCS
Agilent Restricted
HLR
C
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
HLR AuC
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
C
UU
IuCS
Subscriber location information
Subscriber services
10
Agilent Restricted
VLR
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
HLR AuC
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
C
UU
IuCS
VLR
Agilent Restricted
GMSC
D, E, G, Nc
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
HLR AuC
GMSC
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
C D
E, G, Nc
UU
IuCS
11
Agilent Restricted
SS7 Core Physical Architecture
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
MSC
HLR
GMSC
Node B
Node B
Iub
Iur
UU
IuCS
STP STP
SGSN
Agilent Restricted
GSN
Gs, Gr
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
GSN
HLR AuC
GMSC
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
C D
E, G
Gr
Gs
UU
IuCS
GSN
12
Agilent Restricted
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
SGSN
HLR AuC
GMSC
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
C D
E, G
Gr
Gs
UU
IuCS
SGSN
Gs, Gr
Mobility Management
Session Management
Billing
Agilent Restricted
RNC
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
SGSN
HLR AuC
GGSN
GMSC
Node B
Node B
Iub
IuPS
Iur
Gn Gi
C D
E, G
Gr Gc
Gs
UU
IuCS
GGSN
Gn, Gi, Gc
Edge routing
Firewall
Billing
13
Agilent Restricted
ATM Infrastructure in UTRAN
RNC ATM
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
SGSN
HLR AuC
GGSN
GMSC
Node B
Node B
ATM
Iub
Iu
IuPS
Iur
Gn Gi
C D
E, G
Gr Gc
Gs
UU
IuCS
Agilent Restricted
MSC Server and MGW (R4)
Mc
RNC ATM
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
Server
SGSN
HLR AuC
GGSN
GMSC
Server
MGW MGW
Node B
Node B
ATM
Iub
Iu
IuPS
Iur
Gn Gi
C D
E, G, Nc
Gr Gc
Gs
Mc
UU
Nb
IuCS
14
Agilent Restricted
HSS
RNC ATM
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
MSC
Server
SGSN
HSS
GGSN
GMSC
Server
MGW MGW
Node B
Node B
ATM
Iub
Iu
IuPS
Iur
Gn Gi
C D
E, G, Nc
Gr Gc
Gs
Mc
UU
Nb
IuCS
Agilent Restricted
GERAN
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
SGSN
HSS
GGSN
GMSC
BSC
BS
Abis
Gb
A
Gn Gi
C D
E, G
Gr Gc
Gs
VLR
MSC
15
Agilent Restricted
GERAN and UTRAN
RNC ATM
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
SGSN
HSS
GGSN
GMSC
Server
MGW MGW
Node B
Node B
ATM
BSC
BS
Iub
Iu
IuCS
IuPS
Iur
Abis
Iurg
Gb
A
Gn Gi
C D
E, G, Nc
Gr Gc
Gs
Mc
UU
Nb
VLR
MSC
Server
Agilent Restricted
SART Solution
RNC ATM
Node B
RNC
Core
PSTN
CS networks
Internet
PS networks
SGSN
HSS
GGSN
GMSC
Server
MGW MGW
Node B
Node B
ATM
BSC
BS
Iub
Iu
IuCS
IuPS
Iur
Abis
Iurg
Gb
A
Gn Gi
C D
E, G, Nc
Gr Gc
Gs
Mc
UU
Nb
VLR
MSC
Server
Mc
16
Agilent Restricted
Agenda
3GPP Protocol Model
Agilent Restricted
3GPP Protocol Model
Control Plane User Plane
17
Agilent Restricted
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
18
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
System Network Layer (NAS: Non Access Stratum)
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
19
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Transport Network
Control Plane
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Transport Network
Control Plane
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
20
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP(s)
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP(s)
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
21
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP(s)
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Application
Protocol
Agilent Restricted
Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
3GPP Protocol Model
Transport Network
Control Plane
ALCAP(s)
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
22
Agilent Restricted
3GPP Protocol Model
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
ALCAP(s)
Transport
Network
Layer
Physical Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Radio
Network
Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
MM, GMM, CC,
SM, SS, SMS
NBAP
RANAP
RNSAP
ATM UNI and NNI
Stacks, or
IP/Ethernet
Stacks
RRC
RLC
MAC
Agilent Restricted
Radio Network Control Plane
Node B
DRNC SRNC MSC/SGSN
Transport Network
Iub Iur Iu
NBAP RNSAP RANAP
Node B
DRNC
UE
SRNC MSC/SGSN
UU
Transport Network
Iub Iur Iu
RRC RANAP
Node B
DRNC
UE
SRNC MSC/SGSN
UU
Transport Network
Iub Iur Iu
RRC RANAP
NAS
23
Agilent Restricted
UMTS Key Protocols Radio Network Layer
RRC Radio Resource Control
Setup, manage, release radio bearers. Control transport and physical channels.
Transport NAS from UE to Core (along with RANAP)
NBAP Node B Application Protocol
Management of NodeB by RNC on the Iub. Setup of Radio Links. Dedicated measurement reports,
downlink power control.
RANAP Radio Access Network Application Part
Signaling between UTRAN and Core on the Iu. Manage Radio Access Bearers, SRNC Relocation,
control security mode in the UTRAN
Transport NAS from UE to Core (along with RRC)
RNSAP Radio Network Subsytem Application Part
Signaling between two RNCs on Iur. Mobility procedures, setting up radio links on DRNC for control
by SRNC
RLC Radio Link Control
Data Link Layer transport for control plane (RRC) and user plane (PDCP) on UU and Iub.
Acknowledged, Unacknowledged, Transparent modes of operation.
MAC Medium Access Control
Maps RLC frames to logical radio channels. Designed for CS and PS services.
MAC-common, MAC-dedicated, MAC-broadcast channels
Unacknowledged mode of operation.
Agilent Restricted
UMTS Key Protocols - NAS
CC Call Control
Controls establishment and release of circuit-switched (CS) calls in the Core Network (CN) CS domain
SM Session Management
Controls establishment and release of Packet Data Protocol (PDP) sessions for packet data transfer in the Core
Network (CN) Packet-Switched (PS) domain
SS Supplementary Service
Controls the activation and deactivation of various supplementary services
SMS Short Message Service
Controls the delivery of short text messages to and from Ues
MM Mobility Management
Sub-layer to other NAS services to control mobility and authentication in the CS domain
GMM GPRS Mobility Management
Sub-layer to other NAS services to control mobility of services in the PS/GPRS domain
Iub Iu Iub/IP
24
Agilent Restricted
Latest and Upcoming Technologies
IP UTRAN (IP-based UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access)
HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access)
IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem)
MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service)
UMA (Unlicensed Mobile Access)
GAN (Generic Access Network)
WiMax
OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
Flash OFDM
MIMO (Multiple In, Multiple Out)
UMTS Long Term Evolution (LTE): higher data rates, lower latency, QoS, IP
Agilent Restricted
Agenda
3GPP Protocol Model
25
Agilent Restricted
Technology Concepts
Soft Handover
Core Network (CN)
Iu
UTRAN
Iur is point-to-point
logically but may not
be physically direct
MAP: GSM 09.02
migrates to 3GPP 29.002
Iur
Node B Node B Node B
RNC
RNS
Iub
RNS
Iub
Iur
Node B Node B Node B
RNC
Mobility
Iur
Serving
RNC
Drift
RNC
EIR
HLR
SMSC
VLR
MSC
SGSN
Iu
Agilent Restricted
Technology Concepts
Near-Far Effect
Node B
Total b/w is shared by users. Total limited power is divided among UE connections.
UE near the BS can dominate signal of UE far from BS
Careful power control is needed
26
Agilent Restricted
Technology Concepts
Closed and Open Loop Power Control
B
w r
RNC
Node B
Open Loop Power Control
Closed Loop Power Control
Inner Loop Power Control
Outer Loop Power Control
Agilent Restricted
Technology Concepts
Micro-diversity
Node B
Rake filter shifts delay of signals from multiple paths and
combines signals
27
Agilent Restricted
Technology Concepts
Macro Diversity
RLC/MAC Reassembly
B
w r
SRNC
Node B
Node B
Node B
B
w r
DRNC
Core Network
Agilent Restricted
Technology Concepts
Pseudo-RNC RLC/MAC Reassembly
RNC
With Pseudo- RNC feature,
Signaling Analyzer is able to
reassemble messages like what
RNC does, if SART is
monitoring all Iub (& Iur) links of
the RNC.
With post-selection mechanism
in place, it selects good CRC
RLC/MAC PDUs from different
Iub (&Iur) links and discard
duplicated RLC/MAC PDUs.
It supports Iub/Iur deciphering if
traffic is ciphered.
NodeB1
NodeB2
UE
1 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 1 3 4
Bad CRC
Bad CRC
1 2 3 4
Iub
Iub
P-RNC
selects these
PDUs and
performs
reassembly
One message
28
Agilent Restricted
Technology Concepts
RNC
NodeB1
NodeB1
E1 (Iub1)
E1 (Iub2)
E1
E1
.
.
.
Load-sharing logical interfaces, such as Iub, Iur and
Iu indicates that non-user dedicated data can be
exchanged between the network nodes, flexibly over
any of the load sharing physical links (typically E1 for
Iub/Iur and STM1 for Iu).
While transport channels can be dynamically
allocated on any of the load-sharing physical links,
once allocated, dedicated user data can only be
exchanged on the physical link on which it is
allocated, unless explicitly specified, e.g. Transport
Channel Reconfiguration over the Iub/Iur interface.
Each link could be monitored by
Single E1/T1 LIM or
One port from an 8-port E1/T1 LIM
Iub Load Sharing
Agilent Restricted
LA
RA
URA
Technology Concepts
Location Area, Routing Area, UTRAN Registration Area, Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell Cell
Cell
URA
Cell Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell Cell
Cell
RA
URA
Cell Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell Cell
Cell
URA
Cell Cell
Cell Cell
Cell Cell Cell
Cell
1
Agilent UMTS Troubleshooting and
Optimization System
Brian_Liu
Pre-sale AE
886-917-672-065
Brian-cw_liu@agilent.com
Agilent UMTS Test Solution
Agilent Restricted Page 2
UMTS Troubleshooting/Monitoring Requirements
- Fixed Installed Monitoring solution for Iu, Iub, Iur Interface
- 40 different locations each location includes 1-3 RNCs
- Each RNC has between 4 and 8 STM-1 interfaces
- STM-1 interface carry Iu/Iur and Iub traffic
- Remote Access up to 6 users in parallel
- Monitoring Purpose:
- flexible monitoring and troubleshooting 24/7 of a cell, call or RAN cluster
- Collect data for Optimization group
- KPI generation
- Post Analysis
- Auto Deciphering and NTP Synchronization between locations
2
Agilent provides a Tactical Troubleshooting System with
distributed monitoring capability
Application is focus in Radio Access Network (RAN) in addition
to Core Network (CN)
The tactical troubleshooting system has a strong monitoring
capability on Iub, Iur and Iu interface
Positioning
Overview
Commonly Used Monitoring Equipment
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitoring
System
UMTS RAN
Optimization
and Drive Test
Post
Processing
UMTS RAN
Cluster
Analysis and
KPI Generation
Return on Investment (ROI)
3
Problem Analysis
Expected Problems in UMTS Network
(Today)
10%
50%
15%
20%
5%
Mobile Station
Radio Access
Network
Transmission
Network
Core Network
Application
Common Used Moni tori ng Equi pment
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
What we can show!
Minimizing error detection into minutes instead hours ---> lower
cost per error case
Visualization of QoS KPI ---> optimization of network resources --->
increasing ROI for RAN components
Increasing the efficiency network load by similar high QoS --->
increasing of the total revenue through more customers by the same
network infrastructure
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
4
ROI Time to solve problems
Time to solve Problems
Introduction of tactical monitoring equipment
T
i
m
e
/
d
a
y
s
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Overview - Commonly Used Monitoring Equipment
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitoring
System
UMTS RAN
Optimization
and Drive Test
Post
Processing
UMTS RAN
Cluster
Analysis and
KPI Generation
5
Configuration Diagram - General
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
DNA
DNA
WAN
PC User II
PC User III
DNA Server
- Configuration Management
- Online Data decode
- Online Call Trace Function
- Data Storage
Location I
Location II
Connection to DNA Server Remotely
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
DNA
DNA
WAN
-PC - User I
-Location 1
-PC User II
-Location 1
-PC User III
-Location 2
-Only the display will be exported
over the WAN
- Log files can FTP to any place in
the network if required
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
6
Key DNA Features
Extended Iub, Iu, Iur, Gn, Gi Call Trace Functionality
High Data Capture Performance
Extended Hardware Filter Options
From Top to Root Cause Troubleshooting
Perfect working Remote Control
Comprehensive Decode capabilities
Auto Iub / Iur AAL2 detection and configuration
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
High Density STM-1 Solution
4 Full duplex STM-1 interfaces in one DNA
Rackmount and portable form factors
PDH demux on up to 4 STM-1/OC-3 streams down for up to 63 x 4 = 252 VC12
E1 or 332 VC11 T1 streams for ATM capture only
7
J7836 E1 Demux / Channalization on STM-1
Effectively enable a
deployment of one DNA, 4-
port OC-3 mux, OC-12 LIM,
(together with an E1 mux and
associated cost) to monitor
252 E1 channels
Demux path of T1, E1, or Bulk
Filled can be specified (per-
port)
Individual tributaries can be
enabled or disabled
IMA suppression can be
enabled or disabled (per-port)
for T1/E1 demux paths
E1 Tributary Monitoring Traffic Overview
8
E1 Tributary Monitoring - Tabular Statistics
Multi-User SART
B
w r
RNC
B y N wo s
MSC
Node B
ATM AG
Node
Iub
Iub
B y N wo s
SGSN
Iu-CS
Iu-PS
ATM AG
Node
Iu
Signaling Analyzer
Multi-User Server
SART Client SART Client SART Client
SART Client
(BTS - aa, bb)
(BTS - bb, cc) (BTS - cc, dd)
(BTS - dd, ee)
Iub/Iu CDR
Store
DMT
QoSM
9
Call Manager
B
w r
RNC
B yN wo s
MSC
Node B
ATM AG
Node
Iub
Iub
B yN wo s
SGSN
Iu-CS
Iu-PC
ATM AG
Node
Iu
Signaling Analyzer Server
Call Manager Client Call Manager Client Call Manager Client
Multi-User Client
Reporting
Call Manager
Multi-User
Summary - Platform
- Fixed Installed Monitoring System quick response to
troubleshoot problems in the network
- Short configuration time (Iub auto configuration)
- Monitoring System can be accessed from any place in the TMO
network if required
- The WAN network is not loaded through the monitoring system
- Multi-user SART -> Equipment sharing between different
organizations possible
- Call Manager -> Quick query and statistics in the millions of
calls
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
10
Overview Tactical Troubleshooting System
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitoring
System
UMTS RAN
Optimization
and Drive Test
Post
Processing
UMTS RAN
Cluster
Analysis and
KPI Generation
Tasks of a Troubleshooting Department
- Analyze network issues based on the protocol level
- Analyze problems based on IMSI, Cell, Node B, RNC, Link
- Provide log files and problem description to vendor or
internal development organization (IOT group)
- Analyze problems over a short or long time frame
(sporadic problems)
- Analyze problems under load conditions (capture
capabilities of RNC cluster, CT function)
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
11
Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SW
Traffic Overview
Traffic Overview
Indicate all or call related
messages time based
Decode all protocol layers
Indicates RLC/MAC PDU
and RRC PDU
Flexible Column settings
Export Function to CSV
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Call Trace
Call Trace
Indicate each call in a single line
Flexible Column settings
Columns indicate KPI values
Export Function to CSV
Soft Handover Leg Indication
Iub, Iur, Iu, Gn, Gi call trace
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
12
Line Graph
Line Graph:
The analyzer provides several
line graphs on Iub/Iur and
statistical analysis
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Call Trace Tool Tip
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
13
Call Trace Configuration
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Call Trace Sequence Diagram
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
14
UMTS to GSM Handover Analysis
Only calls
with HO from
3G2G in
active call
See a list of
Cells where
the HO take
place from.
a)
b)
UMTS to GSM Handovers Call Flow
15
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
16
What is SART Pseudo- RNC?
RNC
Prior to 4.8 release, Signaling Analyzer
performs UMTS RLC/MAC reassembly based
on VP/VC/CID. Due to macro diversity
scenario, reassembled RRC/IP/H245
messages are not 100% accurate most of
time.
With Pseudo- RNC feature, Signaling
Analyzer is able to reassemble messages like
what RNC does, if SART is monitoring all Iub
(&Iur) links of the RNC.
With post-selection machenism in place, it
selects good CRC RLC/MAC PDUs from
different Iub (&Iur) links and discard
duplicated RLC/MAC PDUs.
It supports Iub/Iur deciphering if traffic is
ciphered.
NodeB1
NodeB2
UE
1 3 4
1 2 3 4
2 1 3 4
Bad CRC
Bad CRC
1 2 3 4
Iub
Iub
P-RNC
selects these
PDUs and
performs
reassembly
One message
How to use Pseudo-RNC? Off-line mode
If traffic is non-ciphered, using Buffer
Playback function
If user selects Pre-RNC, SASE performs
RLC/MAC reassembly as before, with
RLC/MAC entities uniquely identified by
physical link characteristics.
If user selects Post-RNC, SASE performs
Pseudo-RNC RLC/MAC reassembly. Path
ID table must be setup correctly for Post-
RNC reassembly to work.
If traffic is ciphered, auto-deciphering can
be performed in off-line mode with similar
options for Pre and Post selection
reassembly. Path ID table must be setup
correctly for auto-deciphering to work.
Click on it and it brings out this dialog box
17
How to use Pseudo-RNC? Real-time mode
Using Real Time Deciphering function
If user selects Pre-Selection RNC (Iub/Iur),
SART performs RLC/MAC reassembly and
deciphering if traffic is ciphered as before.
If user selects Post-Selection RNC
(Iub/Iur), SART performs Pseudo-RNC
RLC/MAC reassembly and deciphering while
data is captured.
If traffic is ciphered, user must set Path ID
Table before deciphering & reassembling traffic
with either Pre-Selection RNC or Post-
Selection RNC method in real-time.
If traffic is not ciphered, user must set Path ID
Table to perform Post-Selection RNC
reassembly in real-time.
Click on it and it brings out this dialog box
Real Time and Auto Deciphering
18
Realtime Auto-deciphering
Complete De-Ciphering of all Iub messages
No other tool on the market can handle auto-deciphering with real traffic
and with dynamic keys.
Enables
Troubleshooting and analysis of ciphered networks
Handles
Dynamic key re-use
Control plane
User plane Voice, IP and Video
Multi-RAB
Cell-FACH/RACH transitions
Deciphering Iub Data
Ciphered Data Deciphered Data
Deciphered
19
Deciphering Multi-RAB Calls
During a multi-RAB call, 2 Cipher Keys
are assigned:
The CS U-Plane will use the key
assigned by MSC
The PS U-Plane will use the key
assigned by SGSN
However, the control plane (i.e. RRC)
will use the last of these keys
Signaling Analyzer Video Call Analysis Capability
Existing features (SART 5.0):
Support Circuit Switch video call analysis over Iu, Iub and Iur interfaces
Extraction of call control information (H.245) from H.223 byte stream for video
calls
H.245 messages are decoded in all layers. The protocols supported are: H.223,
NSRP, CCSRL and H.245
H.245 messages are grouped by Iub, Iur, Iu-CS call trace together with other
radio signaling messages, like RRC, RANAP, NBAP, ALCAP, etc.
Auto-deciphering (off-line and real-time) video call data over Iub and Iur
interfaces if it is ciphered
De-multiplex H.223 stream into H.245 (call control information), video and audio
Save and play video data by a multi-media player
20
H.324m Reassembly and Decode for Iub interface
For H.324m Video Call in UMTS
Network, Video calls are established by
H.223 and H.245 signaling
SART reassembled the H.324m signals
from the RLC/MAC packets
H.245 Message Extraction/Deciphering/Decodes
21
1) H245
messages
are traced
together
with RRC,
ALCAP,
NBAP
messages
by Iub call
trace
2) H245
messages
are traced
together with
RANAP,
ALCAP, IuuP
messages
over by Iu
interface
H.245 (Iub) Call Trace
Signaling
Analyzer is able
to correlate H245
messages over Iu
and Iub interfaces
by Iu&Iub
combined call
trace
H.245 Message Correlation Between Iub and Iu
Interfaces by Iu&Iub Combined Call Trace
22
HSDPA HS-DSCH Decode
Agilent solutions support
the following Decode
capability:
i) Decode FP frames with HS-
DSCH channel
ii) Decode HS-DSCH Control
Frames
Iu & Iub HSDPA Signaling
SART can
measure:
Uplink BLER
Session setup
time, etc
Understand call
signaling flows
Understand End
User QoS
23
Single HSDPA session in a cell
Over time we can see:
Amount of Credits
allocated
Amount of Credits utilized
User Buffer Size
Overflow of the
threshold for the user
buffer indicate
potential issues with
flow control.
That can lead to
potential issues with
fairness when multiple
UEs are used
Two overlapping HSDPA sessions in a cell
Understand:
Fairness
QoS
Cell performance
Two FTP
downloads
Flow control issue
Very poor performance
Overall Poor fairness
24
Using traditional Iub information for HSDPA
analysis
Using traditional analysis
means from R99 will allow us
to understand:
Uplink BLER
Outer loop power control
Uplink Physical channel BER
(QE)
Uplink/Downlink TFI usage
Signaling Analyzer Real Time (SART) SW Call
24/7 Data Capturing
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
25
Summary - Tactical Troubleshooting System
- Agilent SART SW provides online and offline
functionality (Call Trace, Filtering, Line Graphs, Stats,
Export Function) -> Reduce Investigation Time dramatically
- Log files can combined from different locations (Iur
handover)
- Soft handover legs are indicated in a separate CT line
- Call Trace window provides major KPI (e.g. call setup time)
- SART SW is easy to use -> less training needed
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Overview Optimization/Drive Test Post Processing
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitoring
System
UMTS RAN
Optimization
and Drive Test
Post
Processing
UMTS RAN
Cluster
Analysis and
KPI Generation
26
Drive Test Capturing
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
RNC
NB
NB
NB
NB
ATM
Switch
DNA DNA
DNA Server
DNA
DNA
WAN
Optimization
Group
PC User III
Data
Data Filter
for IMSI
Data
Data
Data
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Optimization
Group
Signaling Analyzer / Nitro Integration
27
Signaling Analyzer / Nitro Integration - Features & Benefits
Key benefit is that integration of drive test based protocol data
with probe based protocol data brings productivity gains
By correlating the collected data on the radio and network
interfaces by time and location we can provide a detailed end-to-
end picture of the true network performance
Specific value in NodeB latency measurements i.e. evaluate
timestamp delta for the same message appearing on Uu & Iub
interfaces (assumes synchronization in place e.g. GPS)
Availability (Q1 2007)
Agilent Signaling Analyzer Combined Uu / Iub / Iu Call Trace
Combined
Uu / Iub / Iu
Call Trace
28
Combined Uu / Iub / Iu Call Trace Sequence Diagram
Tasks of the Optimization Group
Provide highest UTRAN performance as defined by the following
attributes:
Low drop call rate
Low transmission Block Error Rate (BLER)
Low transmission delay
High number of service satisfied users
High system coverage area
Guarantee Throughput and Quality of Service Interaction
Optimized usage of transmission network and radio recourses
(maximum users and guaranteed the QoS)
Deliver expected QoS with the lowest possible code power, the
lowest needed number of handovers, and the smallest possible
channelization code!!
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
29
Optimization Areas
- Power Control
- Handover Control
- Dynamic Channel Configuration
- AMR Rate Control
- RAB Reconfiguration and RAB/RB Mapping
- Radio Admission Control
- Radio Resource Management
- Congestion Control
- Cell Selection Reselection
- Cell Breathing
- Inter-Carrier Load Balancing
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
How data can be analyzed
RAN Related Analysis
Call Statistics
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality (UE)
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Cell Related
30
Optimization Overview Call Statistics
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality (UE)
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Cell Related
Call Statistics
Call Statistics
Quickly and Easily Identify Call Setup and Clear Down Performance
Traffic load will
undoubtedly impact
signaling
performance
Setup and
Cleardown times
will increase with
load and calls will
fail if these
parameters exceed
the network limit
Use message
Overview to change
the reference time to
any given message
in the call sequence

UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
31
Call Statistics
Rapidly Pinpoint UTRAN Call Performance
High level statistics
very important for
performance
monitoring
Immediately flags
the user when
unsuccessful calls
reach a predefined
threshold
Use termination
cause statistics to
find predominant
problems quickly

UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Optimization Overview Power Control
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality (UE)
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Cell Related
Call Statistics
32
Related to Power Control Common Used Moni tori ng Equi pment
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Note: Information on the
Iub link only indicates
Uplink Power Control
Information. The
Downlink Power Control
is done in the UE. The
only indication of
Downlink Power is in the
Dedicated Measurement
Report.
Verify Outer Loop Power Control
Call Related Line Graph (SIR, CRCI, QE)
CRCI indicated
bad frame ->
Outer Loop
Power Control
increases the
SIR value
33
Dedicated Measurement Reports per Call
The Dedicated
Measurements
indicate the
Downlink Power
Control Status
Overview - Handover
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality (UE)
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Cell Related
Call Statistics
34
Soft-handover Iub-based calltrace
Group all UTRAN messages related to a call from all of the Iub soft handover
sessions
Enables complete calltrace of full RNC
Ideal for drivetest analysis, a complete picture with all handovers and
messages.
Handles
Transitions in and out of Cell-FACH/RACH (Common Channel Switching)
Overlapping VPI/VCIs over multiple STM-1 links in the same RNC
Illustration of Soft Handover
RNC
By
MSC
Iub
Iub
Iub
y
SGSN
Iu-PS
IuCS
RNC
Iub
Iub
Node B2
Node B3
Node B4
Node B6
Node B5
Iub
Iur
Node B1
IuCS
Iu-PS
35
Flattened Calltrace Example Soft Handover
A single line for a
complete call
Each Soft handover
session is a
independent call
In macro diversity mode
each message will be sent
multiple times on the Iub
interface to different
NodeBs
Call Trace combines all
soft handover legs into
a single line
Related to Handover Common Used Moni tori ng Equi pment
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
This graph indicates
the CPICH value of
neighbouring cells
measured by the UE
and sent in the
Measurement Report
36
Related to Handover
Soft Handover Performance
Immediately
identify the
presence and
amounts of SH
Every Active
NBAP ALCAP
vs. RRC
indicates Soft
Handover
Activity
Verify failed
calls in Call
Trace
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Optimization Overview - Performance
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality (UE)
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Cell Related
Call Statistics
37
Related to Performance
IP Throughput Performance Uplink/Downlink
Get instant visibility on
bytes transferred,
number of packets and
b/s in uplink and
downlink
b/s rate derived from
PDP Context
Get instant visibility on
TCP retransmission,
b/s in uplink and
downlink
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Related to Performance;
Iub IP TFI Uplink/Downlink Analysis
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
38
Optimization Overview Voice Quality
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Cell Related
Call Statistics
Related to Voice Quality
Network
PC running VQT Responder
Clients and VQT app for PESQ
measurement
VQT Responder
VQT Responder
VQT Phone Adapter
VQT Phone Adapter
Voice drop out from Iu or Iub.
Discriminate between RF or CN
related problems.
Handover analysis to correct
department.
39
Active Voice Quality Test with Passive Analysis
What is the added value of the passive analysis?
Point out if problem is related to Core or UTRAN
Identify if issues can be related to a specific network segment or a
particular terminal
Basically a tool for good pin-pointing to the correct
department
Isolate Source of VQ Degradation
- utilize DNA protocol analyzer on Iub/Iu to measure MOS in UTRAN
MOS =
3.2
MOS =
3.8
MOS =
4.0
SART
VQT
40
Optimization Overview Uplink Quality
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
Cell Related
Call Statistics
Uplink Quality - QE
The NodeB is constantly measuring the Bit Error Rate (BER)
on the traffic received from the UE, i.e. on the uplink direction.
This BER is reported in the Quality Estimate part of the FP
frames sent on the Iub from the UE towards the RNC.
The range of values of the QE is 0 to 255, where 0 is the best
and 255 is the worst possible condition.
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
41
QE reported by the NodeB on a single call as a
function of time
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
QE in FP frames for the complete UTRAN Common Used Moni tori ng Equi pment
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
42
QE in FP frames for individual NodeBs Common Used Moni tori ng Equi pment
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
QE in FP frames for individual NodeBs on
complete RNC
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
43
Optimization Overview Cell Related
Related to
Power Control
Related to
Handover
Related to
Performance
Related to
Voice Quality
Related to UL
Quality
Cell Related
Call Statistics
Cluster Analysis and KPI Generation
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitoring
System
UMTS RAN
Optimization
and Drive Test
Post
Processing
UMTS RAN
Cluster
Analysis and
KPI Generation
44
SART/DNA & OSS Integration
B
w r
RNC
B yN wo s
MSC
Node B
ATM AG
Node
Iub
Iub
B yN wo s
SGSN
Iu-CS
Iu-PC
ATM AG
Node
Iu
Signaling
Analyzer
Server
Call Manager Client
Multi-User Client
Iub/Iu CDR
Store
Iub/Iu CDR
Store
DMT for Iub and Iu
UTRAN QoS Manager
and RFQoS
Context Drill Down
Too much data ?
Too much data and not enough information
- NBAP, RRC, CM, CC and IP contains a wealth of information
- But hard to get at and use, up until now
The Data Mining Toolkit our solution to OSS decision
support
- Sits between the analyst and the raw xDRs, giving them a business
view of the CDRs in the warehouse
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
45
Whats the Data Mining Tool?
Turning raw network data into knowledge that supports
decision making
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
UMTS DMT Solution
S i g n a lin g A n a l yz e r F e e d in t o D M C /D M T
S ig n al in g An a ly z er C T
C S V
P er i odi c f e e d
S A S E Lau n c h
(Ma n u al)
D a ta W a r e h ou se D a ta W ar eh ou se
Ag ile nt Ag ile nt
D MC D M C
D a ta C ub es ( A g ilent Da t a C ub es ( A g ilen t DM T D MT ) )
D M T Vi s u a li z a t i o n & dr i l l -do w n
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitori ng
System
UMTS RAN
Opti mization and
Drive Test Post
Processi ng
UMTS RAN
Cluster Analysis
and KPI
Generation
46
By Location
procedures procedures
count count
time time
To see a breakdown
of service by location,
click the button
This graph shows that the majority of
procedures seen on the network are
Location Updates. This consumes a
lot of network resources and is an
indication that cell coverage could be
optimized.
The next most frequent procedures
are Mobile Originated (MO) and
Mobile Terminated (MT) calls (MT
calls are shown as Paging Responses).
It is only the customers own
employees who are subscribers on
this UMTS network. The graph
indicates these subscribers mostly
using their 3G phones outside normal
working hours between 7 and 10pm
LA-1002
Each Location Area (LA) refers to the
area covered by an RNC.
LA-1002 has a disproportionately high
percentage of Location Update
requests. Drill into this by clicking on
the LA-1002 text on the left hand
side.
47
To Main Page
This graph shows that roaming subscribers are
connecting to the customers 3G network
although it is not yet in general service.
The customer has historically operated a policy
on the 2G network, that if no IMSI is present from
a handset, then all calls (including emergency)
are barred. The graph shows this policy has not
been correctly implemented on the 3G network as
Service Requests from No IMSI subscribers are
being captured.
The graph shows that service failures
peak at around 10% between 8 and 10pm.
To investigate further, expand the All
Service Type by clicking on the +.
48
To Main Page
This graph shows the failure rate
across all services according to
handset (the top 5 handsets
showing failures are displayed).
The handset seen in the network
the most, the Nokia 7600, does not
appear.
The Motorola A835 appears as the
second worst handset according to
procedure failures captured.
Once again, a performance issue
with the Motorola A835 is being
indicated.
To Main Page
This highlights the Node Bs with the
highest of each error type. This is useful
for focusing troubleshooting activities.
Node Bs Node Bs Error Causes Error Causes
Count of Count of
errors errors
causes causes
49
Summary
UMTS RAN
Tactical
Troubleshooting
and Monitoring
System
UMTS RAN
Optimization
and Drive Test
Post
Processing
UMTS RAN
Cluster
Analysis and
KPI Generation
1
3P Seminar Europe/Installing and
Maintaining 3P Networks
Oct-Nov, 2005 Page 1
Installing and
Maintaining
Triple Play Networks
Agilent Technologies
Signaling
Brian_Liu
Pre-sale AE
886-917-672-065
Brian-cw_liu@agilent.com
Page 2
3P Seminar Taiwan / Installing and
March, 2006
Agenda
Market and Technology Trends
NGN, IPTV and VoIP Challenges
Technology Implementation Lifecycle
Agilent Test Instruments Throughout the Lifecycle
Signaling
Installing and Maintaining
Triple Play Networks
2
Page 3
March, 2006
Networks Trends Convergence to IP
Legacy Complexity
Converged & Simplified
Triple play services deployment driving plans
VoIP crossing the chasm into the mainstream
Video over IP is hot; along with broadband growth, driving bandwidth needs
Core IP/MPLS architecture now moving into the edge
Spending on convergence is increasing
Goal: increase the top line while reducing OPEX
Source: Cisco CRS White Paper
Page 4
March, 2006
A Next Generation Network
is typically characterized by:
A Core Network based on IP/MPLS technology
built on top of existing optical SDH/Sonet backbones
An Edge/Distribution Network based on 10/100/1-GigE/10-GigE technology
An Access Network built around various xDSL technologies, 10/100 Ethernet,
coax cable and WLAN technologies
A Softswitch environment dedicated to Next Generation IP/PSTN Telephony
The ultimate goal of an NGN is to be the enabling infrastructure for
Service Providers to offer innovative Triple Play services to the market:
Video, Voice and Data Services in one broadband access package
What is an NGN?
D
ata
Internet
V
o
i
c
e
S
ignaling
3
Page 5
March, 2006
3G
Network Infrastructure of Triple Play
FTTx/
PON
Core
Network
Customer
Physical
Aggregation
Aggregation
Network
Access
Server
B-RAS
OLT
DSL
B-RAS
DSLAM
ONT
Edge Router
Ethernet or
ATM Switches
Ethernet or
ATM Switches
Metro
Network
Edge Router
Edge Router
&Transport
Core Router
&Transport
HFC
CMTS
Cable Modem
Ethernet or
ATM Switches
xDLS Modem
W
i
r
e
l
i
n
e

T
E
L
C
O
C
a
b
l
e

M
S
O
Internet
PSTN
Node b
RAN
M
o
b
i
l
e

S
P
CS
RNC
MSC
SGSN
GGSN
PS
Page 6
March, 2006
Enterprise
SS7
Network
Trunking
Gateway
Soft Switch
(MGC)
IP Backbone
Trunking
Gateway
SS7
Network
Home/SOHO
Soft Switch
(MGC)
BICC/SIP-T
RTP/RTCP
MEGACO
H.248
Circuit
Switch
Circuit
Switch
STP
SCP
STP
STP
STP
SCP
MEGACO
H.248
Access Network
IAD
IAD
Access
Gateway
Signaling
Gateway
Signaling
Gateway
SIGTRAN
SIGTRAN
Typical Soft Switch Based NGN Topology
4
Page 7
March, 2006
Agenda
NGN, IPTV and VoIP Challenges NGN, IPTV and VoIP Challenges
Signaling
Page 8
March, 2006
Operators under massive pressure to:
Generate incremental revenue from
existing assets
Diversify their service offerings and
expand beyond traditional markets
Differentiate on service quality through
managed service level agreements
(SLAs) and Class-of-Service (CoS)
offerings
Add new services like IPTV
Need to address immediate operational
issues
Increased complexity of multi-protocol
networks
Successfully deploy IPTV services
Toll-quality is the benchmark for voice over IP
Monitor network performances by class of
service
Translate contractual SLAs into verifiable
network measurements
Next Generation Service Challenges
5
Page 9
March, 2006
The Challenge : NGN Testing
Ethernet PoS ATM FR
MPLS & VPN
IP IPv6
Voice Video Data
S
e
r
v
i
c
e
s
R
o
u
t
i
n
g
T
r
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
NGNs add new dimensions of complexity to
Testing, Troubleshooting and Monitoring
Page 10
March, 2006
VoIP
6
Page 11
March, 2006
Key Challenges Throughout
Service Performance what to measure & how to measure
Provisioning/configuring IP network for VoIP is your data network
ready & how do you know
Getting the first call to complete
Getting the next n calls to complete
Scalability: systems, sites, users, IP network
Security cant be overlooked in this day and age
Integrating network management and operations with that for
data network- common quality of service objectives
Page 12
March, 2006
What can go wrong?
Software bugs
Network element failures
Call signaling failures
Poor network performance
Routing and configuration problems
Resource, traffic and congestion problems
What cant go wrong?
7
Page 13
March, 2006
IP Telephony Requires Signaling and Media
Signaling Plane
- Protocols and events to establish, and then clear, an end-to-end media path
- Key challenge is Interoperability and Call Performance
Media Plane
- Protocols and events to encode and transport real-time media, such as voice
- Key challenge is Quality of Service
Page 14
March, 2006
How do I Determine VoIP Performance
(Quality of Service)?
End User Parameters
Clarity
listening quality or speech
quality
Voice Delay
Echo
IP Network Parameters:
Packet Loss
impacts speech quality
Packet Delay
impacts speech delay
impacts echo delay
increases packet loss
Packet Jitter
impacts speech quality
increases packet loss
8
Page 15
March, 2006
Voice Quality Definition
End User
The Speech Quality Factors
for every Voice Network:
Clarity-
The correlation of the
amount of information
that can be extracted
out of a conversation
versus what was sent
Echo
Delay
Clarity
Delay
Echo
Speech Quality Space
Page 16
March, 2006
Perceptual
Modeling
Time
Alignment
Perceptual
Modeling
Cognitive
Modeling
Internal
Representation
of Output Signal
Audible Differences
in Internal
Representations
Internal
Representation
of Input Signal
Perceptual Evaluation of
Speech Quality (PESQ)
Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) is newly approved ITU Recommendation
P.862
Combines best merits of PSQM+ (P.861) and PAMS (Proprietary BT) into a single, widely
applicable voice clarity measurement
Compares network output signal (received) with input signal (transmitted) for perceptual quality;
produces quality score that predicts subjective test results
Input Signal
Output Signal
Quality Score
Alignment
Changes
9
Page 17
March, 2006
End User
Clarity
Echo -
Reflection of the
originating signal at
the far end with enough
strength and delay that it is
perceptible to a human.
Delay
Clarity
Delay
Echo
Page 18
March, 2006
Hybrid
Junction
Speech
VoIP Echo
> 100 msec delayed
Hybrid
Junction
Speech
PSTN Echo
< 20 msec delayed
Circuit
Switch
Circuit
Switch
Class 5
Switch
IP Media
Gateway
Media
Gateway
VoIP One-way Delay > 50 msec
PSTN One-way Delay < 10 msec
PBX
Main Source of Echo in VoIP Networks
Hybrid
Junction
10
Page 19
March, 2006
Echo - Aggravated by Delay
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Echo Path Delay (msec.)
E
c
h
o

P
a
t
h

L
o
s
s

(
d
B
)
Perceptible
Page 20
March, 2006
End User
Clarity
Echo
Delay -
The time a signal
needs to traverse
the network
Clarity
Delay
Echo
11
Page 21
March, 2006
Delay
VoIP networks add substantial delay through codecs, packetization,
buffering, which easily exceeds 100ms
One-way delay above 150ms is perceptible and annoying (per ITU
G.114)
Echo is
perceptible
Annoyance
Delay
[ms]
32 100 150 200 300
Recommended upper
end-to-end delay limit
Conversation
severely influenced
Listener perceives hesitation up to 'cold'
sounding conversation;
interruptions are more frequent
Low
High
Page 22
March, 2006
Voice Quality Thresholds
Clarity, or Listening Quality: MOS > 3.0 (typical)
Round-trip voice delay < 300 milliseconds (source: ITU G.114)
Speaker Echo above the acceptable curve (source: ITU G.131)
Function of echo delay and echo loudness
Signal Loss < 10 dB
Clarity
Delay
Echo
Speech Quality
Space
12
Page 23
March, 2006
How does IP network performance
impact end users VoIP service?
Its whats in between that affects your
users Experience!
Page 24
March, 2006
Acoustic/Electrical
conversion
VoIP Processing
Voice
Activity
Detection
Packetization
Packet
Transmission
Packet
Capture &
Jitter Buffer
Reassembly
Decode
& PLC
(Packet Loss
Concealment)
Comfort
Noise
Generation
Electrical /Acoustic
conversion
Encode
(Compression)
Gateway processing
Gateway processing
13
Page 25
March, 2006
What Impacts Voice Quality?
Vocoders
Transcoding
Silence Suppression
Jitter Buffers
Packet Loss Concealment
Comfort Noise Generation
Echo Cancellers
Other proprietary signal processors
VoIP Processes: Combined with IP network
performance conditions:
interact in complex ways to affect voice quality.
Packet Loss
Packet Jitter
Packet Delay
Page 26
March, 2006
IPTV
14
Page 27
March, 2006
IPTV Services
Services provided:
Broadcast content from the networks - multicast
Video on Demand - Unicast
Video Clips news, sports
PVR/DVR/TiVo network versus STB based
Multi-conference (future)
Gaming
Network-based personal video recording and playback Dad
videos of new baby uploaded so grandma can watch at another
location
Page 28
March, 2006
IP/MPLS Core
Typical IPTV Wireline Network
Super Head End
Satellite and Terrestrial Reception
Broadcast Content Acquisition
Aggregation
Encoding Transcoding
IP Core Router
Video
Hub
Office
VOD
Server
1 or 10 GigE
AAA
Access Node
IP DSLAM
Ethernet
Aggregation
Router -
EAR
Residential
Gateway
STB
Residence
GigE
ADSL2+
VDSL
etc
15
Page 29
March, 2006
PS Core
Typical Multimedia Mobile Network
RAN
Radio
Network
Controller
Iu PS
Node B
Radio
Network
Controller
Mobile Handset
Iub
UMTS
RNC
UU
SGSN
MSC
PSTN
Iu CS
Page 30
March, 2006
IPTV Key Challenges
Home Networking
Compression / Encryption
QoS Guarantees
Testing, Troubleshooting and Qualifying
Crosstalk / Reducing noise at higher speeds (ADSL2+ VDSL2)
IP Routing & Switching reliability
Multicast-Unicast issues
OSS Integration
Content acquisition and management
Network capacity for HD demand
16
Page 31
March, 2006
Layer 3 Network Layer
Whats Important for QoS?
Latency interval from the CPE sending packets to the Network Elements
response
Packet Loss
Jitter
Throughput measurements
Capture and Decoding Packets
Page 32
March, 2006
Layer 4 Transport Layer
Whats Important for QoS?
Traffic analysis and prioritization confirmation
VoIP, Video, Data
UDP versus TCP
IP Port assignment
Connectivity to VOD, Call, and ISP Application Servers
Voice VoIP UDP relatively low bandwidth
steady rate
Video UDP high bandwidth steady rate but can
handle delays (VOD)
Data TCP bursty retransmissions acceptable
17
Page 33
March, 2006
Layer 5, 6, 7 Session, Application, Presentation
Layer - Whats Important for QoS?
Signaling Protocol errors
Excessive call setup/hold times
Excessive response times for VOD VCR commands
Excessive channel switching response times for IGMP commands join
and leave
Excessive authentication times
MOS for VoIP and Video per call or session
Page 34
March, 2006
Agenda
NGN, IPTV and VoIP Challenges
Technology Implementation Lifecycle Technology Implementation Lifecycle
Signaling
18
Page 35
March, 2006
Agilent Installation and Maintenance Solutions
Voice, Data, Video and Mobile Installation and
Troubleshooting. Portable and Distributed
DNA / DNA PRO
FrameScope
10/100/1000 Ethernet Test
VoIP Performance Test
Signaling Analyzer
Real-Time Call trace across multiple telephony
technologies, including VoIP, SS7, SS7/IP, 2G, 2.5G
and 3G mobile networks
VQT
Measure user voice clarity, delay and echo
Page 36
March, 2006
Triple Play Analysis and Measurement Tools are
Critical for Success Through the Lifecycle
Service
component
Deployment
New Service
Deployment
Service Usage
Ramp-up
C
u
s
t
o
m
e
r

G
r
o
w
t
h

(
P
u
b
l
i
c

a
n
d

C
o
r
p
o
r
a
t
e
)
Service
Optimization
Make it work Make it efficient Make it work well
Service
Design
DNA PRO
N2X
VQT
FrameScope PRO
S
u
c
c
e
s
s
t
h
r
o
u
g
h
o
u
t
t
h
e
l
i
f
e
c
y
c
l
e
19
Page 37
March, 2006
Typical Triple Play Network Lifecycle
Vendor Qualification and Evaluation
Network Design
Lab and Field Trials
Pre-Deployment Assessment
Deployment
Operational Maintenance
Optimization, Capacity Planning, & Performance Management
Page 38
March, 2006
Deployment
Install and certify new VoIP and IPTV service
turn-ups at a rapid rate
Fix voice and video quality problems to
turn-on/restore service within a few minutes
Fix call and session signaling problems to turn-on/restore service within a
few minutes
Maintain appropriate levels of voice and video quality and service
performance when new data traffic loads are introduced, or when network
configuration changes
Certify that service performance objectives are met consistently, across all
connections and sites, under all reasonable traffic load conditions.
20
Page 39
March, 2006
Operational Maintenance
Proactively detect VoIP performance problems
Fix voice quality problems and restore service
within a few minutes
Fix problems with call setup and control, and restore service,
within a few minutes
Maintain appropriate levels of voice quality and service
performance when new data traffic loads are introduced, or when
network configuration changes
Page 40
March, 2006
Troubleshooting
Isolate impairment
Network segmentation with passive and active testing
Determine cause
Non-recurring, recurring sporadic, or persistent (use trending)
Analyze underlying layer 1-3 network
Fix
Verify
Active performance testing
Restore
21
Page 41
March, 2006
Optimization, Capacity Planning and Performance
Management
Collect and report performance trending data to determine network
capacity requirements and plan for provisioning, expansions, or
reductions
Determine if long-term network performance
meets objectives
Collect and report performance trending data
to determine nature of problems for
troubleshooting
Collect and report performance trending data
to plan for network optimization
Page 42
March, 2006
Agenda
NGN, MPLS, IPTV and VoIP Challenges
Agilent Test Instruments Throughout the Agilent Test Instruments Throughout the
Lifecycle Lifecycle
Signaling
22
Page 43
March, 2006
Network Analyzer Solutions
Voice, Data, Video and Mobile Voice, Data, Video and Mobile
Testing over Next Generation Testing over Next Generation
Networks Networks
Page 44
March, 2006
VoIP voice quality analysis
VoIP signaling and media protocol analysis
Distributed Layer 1-7 diagnostics and troubleshooting
10/100 Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet
STM-4/OC-12
STM-1/OC-3
E3/T3
T1/E1
T1/E1 8-port IMA
ATM 25M
V-Series
HSSI
Swappable
Interfaces
Data
Voice
Video
Mobile
IP
Ethernet
ATM
Frame Relay
PoS
ISDN
MPLS
Multi-Service/Technology
Dispatched (Field Service)
Distributed (Centralized Support,
NOC)
Multi-use
Portable, Drop-
Off and
Distributed
Operation
Remote,
installed
operation
Remotely-controlled
interface modules
Turn any PC into a
Network Analyzer
Network Analyzer Platform
23
Page 45
March, 2006
Network Analyzer Solutions
Key Applications:
Installation and Maintenance
Baselining and Network Optimization Network Troubleshooting
Application Performance
Layer 1&2 real-time measurements to certify and troubleshoot new circuit turn-ups
Ethernet Benchmark RFC 2544
Detect system and equipment configuration problems and protocol misbehaviors
Identify source of congestion-
inducing traffic
Detail protocol analysis and statistics
Expert system to aid in the
troubleshooting process
Comprehensive Layer 2-7
stats for Baselining current
traffic levels to determine
whether they are over or
undersubscribed
Isolate and resolve network QoS and performance impairments
Determine impact of data loads on voice QoS, and voice loads on data QoS
Optimize network configuration and operations by analyzing traffic patterns
Page 46
March, 2006
Test any Service. On any interface. Across any technology. From any PC. From anywhere. Anytime.
Dispatched
Connect with Tablet or Laptop PC or even a PDA!
Connect through wireless, Ethernet cable, LAN.
Drop-off Attended / Unattended
Ship or carry to site.
Connect remotely using Instrument Manager
Test in Real-time.
With LCD and keypad, a local contact at remote site can easily configure the
DNA PRO for remote access.
Start Capture or RTSM. Connect later to view results.
Start RMON and view results in NTC.
Run Report Center for trending, Baselining, and advanced analysis
DNA PRO Test Networks Anytime, Anywhere, Anyway
Distributed
Install in CO or network site.
Connect remotely using Instrument Manager
Operate under NTC with other DNA PROs and MXs for true distributed
testing including RMON2 capability on LAN and WAN.
Your way, not ours!
24
Page 47
March, 2006
Network Troubleshooting Center
Remote Access and DNA Management
RMON analysis
Efficiency: Versatile Connectivity
WEB Browser Access
No Need of any SWInstalled in client PC
WEB
Instrument Manager
Remote Access and DNA management
Telemetry
WiFi
10/100/1000 Ethernet
Dial Up
Local and LAN-based
Page 48
March, 2006
DNA PRO Applications
LAN WAN ATM IP IPv6 MPLS VoIP Video 3G
Expert-Analysis Decodes Stats
Network Analyzer
Software
VoIP Media and Signaling. Non-intrusive
VoIP MOS.
Telephony
Network Analyzer
MPLS Decode capabilities and LDP
Statistics. CoS and DiffServ Correlation
MPLS Analysis
Call Trace across multiple technologies
VoIP, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, SS7
Signaling Analyzer
Network Analyzer Software Edition
Customer reports to certify installations.
Management reports on network
operation and performance
Report Center
25
Page 49
March, 2006
Signaling Analyzer
To quickly solve problems in complex telephony
networks, the signaling analyzer VoIP can trace call
signaling across multiple points in a network and across
multiple telephony technologies, including VoIP, SS7,
SS7/IP, 2G, 2.5G and 3G mobile networks.
Correlating and Grouping Calls Across Complex Hybrid
Networks to Troubleshoot Signaling/media Problems
PSTN
Mobile
VoIP
Page 50
March, 2006
Signaling Analyzer Key Features
Multi-technology the ability to trace a single call through
VoIP, SS7, SS7/IP and 2G, 2.5G and 3G mobile networks
simplifies resolution of the most complex interoperability
problems in telephony.
Real-time call trace ties together messages for each call and
tracks each call across multiple points in a network to indicate
where anomalies and failures occur. Includes patented phase
graphics presentation and sequencing diagrams.
Call statistics and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) provide
visibility into the performance of the network in setting up and
completing calls as well as RTP statistics that provide a view of
media quality.
26
Page 51
March, 2006
Comprehensive protocol decode and filter capability
Including H.248SIP BICCISUPSIGTRAN, etc.
Advanced VoIP/NGN call trace
H.248, SIP , BICC over M3UA (SCTP), ISUP over M3UA (SCTP), etc.
VoIP/NGN call statistics
ISUPBICC Call Success Ratio (CCR)
ISUPBICC Message Type Statistics
ISUPBICC Call Establish Time, Clear Time, Duration Statistics
Tabular Statistics of CCR and Call Failure Distribution based on OPC/DPC
Tabular Statistics of CCR and Call Failure Distribution based on OPC/DPC/CIC
Tabular Statistics of CCR and Call Failure Distribution based on called/calling
party number
Support SS7 & NGN call trace on the same platform
Signaling Analyzer VoIP/NGN Key Functions
Page 52
March, 2006
Signaling Analyzer --- Find Problems in 3 Clicks
1: Click on call trace to start
2: Configure & trace calls graphically
3: Dive into individual messages for each call
27
Page 53
March, 2006
Graphical VoIP Call Sequence Diagram
- clear visualization of signaling problems
Page 54
March, 2006
NGN Signaling Call Statistics Examples
ISUP/M3UA/SCTP/IP/Ethernet
OPC/DPC/CIC based Call Statistics
Call Completion Ratio
Call Time Distribution
28
Page 55
March, 2006
Problem: Cost effect means to install network
equipment, troubleshoot interoperability
issues, and optimize services.
Solution: Using Signaling Analyzer mobile
portable and distributed analysis to access
the critical data from the equipment and the
network
Application: Using the multi-user environment to
analyze complex 3G-SIP-SS7 signaling
and data procedures through the DNA
Pro on-site and remotely.
Bringing thesignaling data and
information to the network
experts to assess service
performance more timely and
effectively
Signaling Analyzer Multi-User
Multi-user capability extends the value of the solution by supporting
multiple users needs and applications with a single hardware
deployment. Different problems can we worked on simultaneously
enabling faster service restoration while also reducing operating
expenses.
Multi User
Client
Multi User
Client
Multi User
Client
Multi User
Client
Signaling
Analyzer Multi-
User Server
Mobile / VoIP / PSTN
Mobile
UMTS
VoIP
SIP
PSTN
SS7
Page 56
March, 2006
Telephony Network Analyzer
Assess VoIP network performance
Monitor VoIP call quality
Fix VoIP quality and signaling problems
For VoIP Media
MOS voice quality scoring (layer 7) Provides end-user
measurements to detect end-user problems
Real-time RTP performance analysis (layer 5) simple
diagnostics identify the source of end-user problems
Real-time integrated LAN/WAN analysis (layer 1-4) of
all protocols & technologies determines the root cause
For VoIP Signaling
VoIP Expert Commentators automatically identify call
signaling performance and interoperability problems
(H.323, SIP, MGCP)
VoIP protocol analysis, filtering, and decodes to
determine the root cause of problems
29
Page 57
March, 2006
TNA --- Finding VoIP QoS problems by measuring
Voice Quality and Network Impairments
Directly correlate voice quality scores (MOS) with measured
impairments: loss and jitter for each time segment for each call.
Page 58
March, 2006
TNA - Expedite Resolution of VoIP Problems
Important usability enhancements for the most advanced VoIP
analyzer available
Detailed RTP and RTCP statistics and diagnostics grouped by call
See phone numbers for each call with detail real-time RTP diagnostics
Search for specific call by phone number
Call durations, min/max performance values, and other additions
30
Page 59
March, 2006
Applications:
Assess VoIP network and equipment performance
Certify and troubleshoot new VoIP installations
Maintain operational VoIP network by troubleshooting voice quality problems
Voice Quality Tester (VQT)
VQT Portable Analyzer
VQT Software
Key Features:
Real measurement of end user voice quality, using latest standards including ITU P.862 PESQ
Only way to measure voice delay andecho
Graphical analysis indicates impact of IP network performance onvoice quality
Phone Adapter is the only way to measure VQ of IP Phone and PC Phone end users
Scalable product line meets any deployment and budget requirements
Complements TNA : VQT determines end-user problems; TNA troubleshoots root cause on IP
network.
Page 60
March, 2006
VQT Phone Adapter
Test voice quality across IP Phones, PC Phones, mobile phones,
mobile networks.
Interfaces to PC Soundcards
Test phone to phone, phone to PC, PC to PSTN, phone to Gateway,
any combination!
Exclusively for the use with the VQT
IP Phone or
PC Phone
VQT
VQT Phone
Adapter
31
Page 61
March, 2006
Agilent NGN/VoIP Total Solutions
Deployment
VQT
VQT
L
A
N
Access
Gateway
PBX
NA/TNA
NA/TNA
Trunking
Gateway
Trunking
Gateway
Core
Network
Access
Network
PSTN
PSTN
Access
Network
VQT Software
Reporting
Page 62
March, 2006
FrameScope PRO
The FrameScopePro VoIP test measurement covers
the most wanted performance metrics that a network
should have to support for VoIP deployment, to
determine if a network is VoIP ready.
These metrics are
R-factor (ITU-T G.107 E-Model)
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) (~ITU-T P.800)
Inter Arrival Jitter
Packet Loss
Packet Round Trip Delay
Ability to measure VoIP performance measures without a configured VoIP service. (SIP
server)
32
Page 63
March, 2006
How are these measurements helpful?
R-factor (ITU-T G.107 E-Model)
Reflects the overall network quality (ranges
between 0 and 100) to estimate voice quality.
50-59 Nearly all Users Dissatisfied
60-69 Many Users Dissatisfied
70-79 Some Users Dissatisfied
80-89 Satisfied
90-100 Very Satisfied
R Factor Value Range User Satisfaction
50-59 Nearly all Users Dissatisfied
60-69 Many Users Dissatisfied
70-79 Some Users Dissatisfied
80-89 Satisfied
90-100 Very Satisfied
R Factor Value Range User Satisfaction
Page 64
March, 2006
How are these metrics measurements helpful?
G.107_FB.2
Excellent 5
Good 4
Fair 3
Poor 2
Bad 1
0 20 40 60 80 100 R
MOS
MOS
CQE
as function of rating factor R
(Reference : Annex B of ITU-T G.107)
Mean Opinion Score (MOS) (~ITU-T P.800)
For example if the voice quality were to drop during
a call by one MOS, an average user would clearly
hear the difference (ranges between 1 to 5; 1=Bad
Case & 5 Excellent Case)
A drop of half a MOS is audible whereas a drop of a
quarter is barely noticeable.
33
Page 65
March, 2006
How are these measurements helpful?
Packet Loss
In VoIP environment, clarity problems are often caused by
Packet loss. Packet loss tracks persistent congestion.
Packet Round Trip Delay
Delays affects the quality of a conversation without
affecting the actual sound of the voice signal. When end-
to-end delay extends, participants in a telephone
conversation begins to notice its effect. Normal
conversation seems difficult or impossible.
Inter Arrival Jitter
This is an estimate of the statistical variance of the RTP
data packet interarrival time, measured in timestamp units.
(RFC 3550 standard) and provides short-term measure of
network congestion. Jitter measure tracks transient
congestion and may indicate congestion before it leads to
packet loss causing voice signal distortions.
Page 66
March, 2006
FrameScope VoIP Key Features
Signaling
Decipher (To read or interpret) SIP
signaling information to view call
setup process and failures, if any.
Logging
Logged results of all tests can be
for review by technicians back at
their NOC.
34
Page 67
March, 2006
FrameScope Pro - Handheld Gigabit
Performance Testing and Troubleshooting
Portable, 1 Gigabit, full line rate RFC 2544
Ethernet deployment tester (22.8cm x 11.4cm x
6.6cm , 1.2 kg)
10/100/1000 Mbit network troubleshooting tool
Key network resource performance tester
VoIP Performance Test
10/100/1000 BASE T copper (RJ45) interface
SFP based fiber interface for 1000BASE-SX, LX
Most cost-effective and easy-to-use tool for
Ethernet deployment.
Page 68
March, 2006
Questions?
www.agilent.com.tw
[[__|_j______
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2005__|__[__
Issued date : 08/2006
Updated data : 08/2006
Printed in Taiwan 08/2006
_5989-5425ZHA

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