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Bare roe llehens ~s




Ploneot stagoo


Herbs,
weeds


Grasses Shrubs" Plne!i hickories,
lmmatUte oakS



lntetme<llale stages
Hunclroos

Oaks, hlckotios
bin '#alnutt,
maples, tuMp poplan,
boa~

Climax community

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Raven/Berg, Environment, 3/e
Figure 5.17
































Annual Annual Pine aeedllnga Young pine Mature hardwood
weeds and
and saplings forest
forest

perennial
weeds
1 2-4 S-15 25-00 150
Years After Cultivation


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Oak woods





Pine woods











Shrub
-community
. - Foredune
1commun1ty

(grass)
Beach



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7 #
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Presumed Succession Sequence
~-----------------

Shrub
stage
Sedge
grass
stage
Swamp
stage



Floating
stage



Sub
merged
stage






Advance of shore line into pond

Original shore line Present shore line

Fl... re 8-1 Diagram of classical hydrarch succession at the edge of a pond. (After Wilson and
Loomis, 1967)















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