Sheet [1]

Basic concepts & Definitions

Thermodynamics, Dimensions, units

1- What is the difference between pound-mass and pound-force?
2- What is the difference between kg-mass and kg-force?
3- A 3-Kg plastic tank that has a volume of 02m
3
is filled with li!uid water
Assuming the densit" of water is 1000 kg#m
3
$ determine the weight of the
combined s"stem
%1&'&( )*
(- A +-kg rock is thrown upward with a force of 1+0 ) at a location where the
local gravitational acceleration is &,& m#s
2
-etermine the acceleration of the
rock. in m#s
2

%2021 m#s
2
*
+- An apple /weight0 '0g and has a volume of 100 cm
3
in a refrigerator at '1
What is the apple densit"? 2ist three intensive and two e3tensive properties of the
apple
%'1++ kg#m
3
*
4- An apple loses (+ k5 of heat as it cools per 1 drop in its temperature What is
the amount of heat loss from the apple per 6 drop in its temperature?
%'1 k5*
,- At sea level. the weight of 1 kg mass in 78 units is &'1 ) what is the weight
of 1 8b in 9717 units?
%1 8bf*
System, properties, state, and processes
'- A large fraction of the thermal energ" generated in the engine of a car is
re:ected to the air b" the radiator through the circulating water 7hould the
radiator be anal";ed as a closed s"stem or as an open s"stem? <3plain
&- A can of soft drink at room temperature is put into refrigerator so that it will
cool Would "ou model the can of soft drink as a closed s"stem or as an open
s"stem? <3plain
10- 6or a s"stem to be in thermod"namic e!uilibrium. do the temperature and the
pressure have to be the same ever" where?
11- 8s the state of the air in an isolated room completel" specified be the
temperature and the pressure? <3plain
12- What is specific gravit"? =ow is it related to densit"?
13- 7eparate the list >. ?. @. a. m. 2. t. A. and B into intensive and e3tensive
properties
Temperature
1
1(- What is the ;eroth low of thermod"namics?
1+- 1onsider a s"stem whose temperature is 1' 1 <3press this temperature in C. K .
and 6
%2&1 K. 4(( 6. +2(( C*
14- @he temperature of a s"stem drop b" (+ 6 during a cooling process <3press this
drop in K. C. 1
%2+ 1. 2+ K. (+
C*
1,- 1onsider two closed s"stem A and D s"stem A contains 3000 k5 of thermal
energ" at 20 1. where as s"stem D contains 200 k5 of thermal energ" at +0 1
)ow the s"stems are brought into contact with each other -etermine the
direction of an" heat transfer between the two s"stem
1'- @he atmosphere becomes colder at higher elevation As an average. the standard
atmospheric absolute temperature can be e3pressed asE
@
atm
F 2'' G 4+ 3 10
-3
3 H %K*
Where H is the elevation in meters =ow cold is it outside an airplane cruising at
12000 m e3pressed in Kelvin and 1elsius?
%210 K. -43 1*
Pressure, manometer, and barometer
1&- 7omeone claims that the absolute pressure in a li!uid of constant densit" doubles
when the depth is doubled -o "ou agree? <3plain

20- A vacuum gage connected to a chamber reads 3+ k>a at a location where the
atmospheric pressure is &2 k>a -etermine the absolute pressure in the chamber
%+, k>a*
21- -etermine the atmospheric pressure at a location where the barometric reading
is ,+0 mm =g @ake the densit" of mercur" to be 13400 kg#m
3

%&&&4 k>a*
22- @he gage pressure in a li!uid at depth of 3 m is read to be 2' k>a -etermine the
gage pressure in the same li!uid at a depth of & m
%'( k>a*
23- @he absolute pressure in water at a depth of + m is read to be 1(+ k>a -etermine
IaJ the local atmospheric pressure . and IbJ the absolute pressure at a depth of
+ m in li!uid whose specific gravit" is 0'+ at the same location
%&4 k>a. 13,4+ k>a*
2(- 7how that 1 kgf#cm2 F 1(223 psi
2+- A &0-kg man has a total foot imprint of (+0 cm2 -etermine the pressure this
man e3erts on the ground if IaJ he stands on both feet and IbJ he stands on one
foot
%1&4 k>a. 3&2 k>a*
2
24- A vacuum gage connected to a tank reads 1+ k>a at a location where the
barometric reading is ,+0 mm =g -etermine the absolute pressure in the tank
@ake densit" of =g 13+&0 kg#m
3

%'+ k>a*
2,- @he atmospheric pressure at the top and the bottom of a building are read b" a
barometer to be &4 k>a and &' k>a 8f the densit" of air is 10 kg#m
3

What is the height of the building?
%20( m*
2'- A piston#c"linder with a cross sectional area of 001 m
2
has a piston mass of
100-kg resting on the stop With an outside atmospheric pressure of 100 k>a
What should the water pressure be to lift piston?
%1&' k>a*
2&- A valve in the c"linder has a cross sectional area of 11 cm
2
with a pressure of
,3+ k>a inside the c"linder and && k>a outside =ow large a force is needed to
open the valve?
%,00 )*
30- @he h"draulic lift in an auto-repair shop has a c"linder diameter of 02 m@o
what pressure should the h"draulic fluid be pumped to lift (0-kg of piston#arms
and ,00-kg of a car?
%332 k>a*
31- Dlue manometer fluid of densit" &2+ kg#m
3
shows a column height difference
of 3cm vacuum with one end attached to a pipe and the other open to
atmospheric pressure 101 k>a What is the absolute pressure in the pipe?
%100,3 k>a*
32- @he difference in height between the columns of a manometer is 200 mm with
a fluid of densit" &00 kg#m
3
What is the pressure difference? What is the
height difference if the same pressure difference is measured using mercur"
Idensit" F 13400 kg#m
3
J as manometer fluid?
%1,, k>a. 132 mm*
33- Assume we use a pressure gauge to measure the air pressure at street level
and at roof of a tall building 8f the pressure difference can be determined with
an accurac" of 1 mbar I0001 barJ. what uncertaint" in the height estimate
does that correspond to? Iair densit" F 122( kg#m
3
J
%'3( m*
3