í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 3 -à-v°œ-™¸ 2008 Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

v°æ¨¡o: b) In five years from now, he will have been

practising a doctor = É°æp-öÀoç* âüË-∞¡xèπ◊
1. Please tell me 'Future
Åûªúø’ doctor practice
í¬ prac-
îËÆæ’hç-ö«úø’.
perfect continuous tense'
tice con-
Åçûªèπ◊ ´·çüË Ç®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i Å°æp-öÀ-éÀçé¬
in telugu meaning. Give
tinue Å´¤-ûª÷ç-ô’çC.
one (or) two examples
2) Kindly Åçõ‰ ü¿ßª’ûÓ ÅE Å®Ωnç éπü∆? á´--J-ØÁj-Ø√
2. What is difference of
'kindly and respect' .
´’®√u-ü¿-°æ‹-®Ωy-éπçí¬ àüÁjØ√ ÅúÕ-Íí-ô-°æ¤púø’ ¢√úË ´÷ô,
please •ü¿’©’.
3. Resume (or) Bio-data
please/ kindly let me have your address =
4. ®√ߪ’úøç- write, Çúøôç- play. É™«çöÀ words †’ éÌçîÁç O’ address É´yçúÕ.
verbs Åçö«ç. ¢√öÀE nouns í¬ á°æ¤púø’, ᙫ
Respect = íı®Ω´ç. Kindly, á´JØÁjØ√ respect first mentioning the present position and
®√ߪ÷L? ᙫ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√L? É*a àüÁjØ√ ÅúÕ-Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç. kindly ÉçéÓ Play - verb Å®·ûË Çúøôç.
last your earliest job- in this order.

ï¢√•’:
– G.¶µ«-Ææ\®˝, †çü∆u© Å®Ωnç – ü¿ßª÷-Ææy-¶µ«´ç Ö†o. (Played - past tense; played - pp)
Biodata: Details of your DOB, age, experi-
3. Resume and Biodata: Not much different. They play hockey very well.
ence and qualifications in a proper order.
1) Future perfect continuous - ¶µºN-≠æu-û˝™ äéπ Resume- Details like your address, Date of
Both are submitted when applying for a job.
(¢√∞¡Ÿx £æ…éà î√™« ¶«í¬ Çúø-û√®Ω’)
Æ洒ߪ÷-EéÀ ´·çü¿’ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº¢Á’i Ç Æ洒ߪ’ç birth, age, qualification from the highest to Play (Noun) - 1) Çô 2) Ø√ôéπç (Drama)
´®Ωèπÿ é̆-≤ƒ-í∫’ûª÷ Öçô’çC ņ’-èπ◊ØË action èπ◊, Most companies now prefer the format of
the least, previous service and experience,
future perfect continuous tense ¢√úøû√ç. Resume- Pronounced- (British),
È®Vu--¢Á’ß˝’ a) The play had to be cancelled because of
(American)- size rain.
a) I shall have been attending a class by
È®ï--¢Á’ß˝’ ï, ™ ñ¸™«í∫.
this time tomorrow = class
Í®°‘§ƒöÀéÀ ؈’ Write- ÉC á°æ¤púø÷ verb í¬ØË (®√ߪ’úøç) ¢√úøû√ç. (´®Ω{ç ´©x Çô ®Ωü¿’l-îË-ߪ÷Lq ´*açC.)
attend Attend DEo noun í¬ á°æ¤púø÷ ¢√úøç. (Newspaper, b) Kalidasa wrote a number of Plays
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
Å´¤ûª÷ Öçö«†’. Å´úøç
Magazine © ™«çöÀ ¢√öÀ-™ xE ¢√u≤ƒ-©†’ write-up
Åçûª-èπ◊-´·çüË v§ƒ®Ω綵º-¢Á’i, Í®°æ¤ Ñ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç-™ 441 Åçö«ç. ÅC noun)
(é¬R-ü∆Ææ’ î√™« Ø√ô-鬩’ ®Ω*ç-î√úø’)
-èπÿú≈ continue Å´¤ûª÷ Öçô’çC.
v°¨æ ¡o: 1.He supported
c) Listening to the music,

Listening to the music, he is dancing

he is dancing-
nuclear energy, adding
we have to find new ÆæçUûªç Nçô÷ (pre-
sources. sent) dance îËÆæ’h-
2. The three men took a Ø√oúø’.
house for rent claiming to be Ayurvedic doc- 1. He supported Nuclear energy adding that 4. He came out with a
To +1st RDW (to go, to come, etc)
tors. we had (have to find new
Ééπ\úø ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’) loaded remark telling
5) To result
sources = them, 'you are doing a
3. He sat back waiting for noise subsiding. éÌûªh ´†-®Ω’©’ éπ†’-íÌ-Ø√-©ç-ô÷ (-Éçé¬ †’ ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ É™« ¢√-úø-û√ç.
4. He came out with a loaded remark, telling Åçô÷,) Åù’-¨¡-éÀhE Çߪ’† Ææ´’-Jnç-î√úø’. good job'= O’®Ω’ -î√-™« - The coffee is too hot to drink=
them you are doing good job. îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆ Ééπ\úø adding= Éçé¬ Åçô÷ (Åçõ‰ ´’ç*°æE îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-®Ωçô÷, û√í∫-™‰-†çûª ¢ËúÕí¬ ÖçC
°j ¢√é¬u™x underline îËÆœ† ing forms ´·çü¿’ îÁ°œpç-ü∆-EéÀ Éçé¬ îËJa Åçô÷)– Ééπ\úø äéπ Å®Ωn-Ææ-£œ«-ûª- ¢√uêu (û√í∫-úøç-™‰-C-°æ¤púø’– to drink Ééπ\úø result †’
àßË’ tense ™ à N-üµ¿-¢Á’i† action ûÁ©’-°æ¤-û√-ßÁ÷ adding- Past éπü∆, Ææ´’-Jnç-îª-úøç, Past 鬕öÀd. î˨»úø’. Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ ...ing ûÁ©’°æ¤ûª’çC éπü∆? too... to drink= û√í∫-™‰-†çûª.)
N´-Jç-îªí∫-©®Ω’. 2. The three men took a house for rent claim- M.SURESAN form, past, verb, came I was able to finish the work =
5. To E result í¬ èπÿú≈ ®√≤ƒh-®Ωç-ö«®Ω’. ᙫ? ing to be Ayurvedic doctors= Çߪ·-Í®yü¿ past 鬕öÀd. °æE-°æ‹-Jh-îË-ߪ’-úøç ïJ-TçC.
6. This is to certify that. -Ééπ\-úø to †’ ᙫ Å®Ωnç- a) Walking down the road, he saw a very tall
¢Ájü¿’u©ç ÅE îÁ°æ¤p-èπ◊çô÷ É©’x ÅüÁlèπ◊ BÆæ’èπ◊- To finish = °æ‹Jh-îË-ߪ’-úøç– result of my ability.
îË-Ææ’-éÓ-¢√™ ûÁL-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’. Ø√o®Ω’. BÆæ’èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’– Past, 鬕öÀd claiming èπÿú≈ man= Road ™ †úø’Ææ÷h (†úø’-Ææ’hç-úøí¬) -î√-™«
6) This is to certify that ...
(Walking- past)
past.
†’ É™« Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓ-
ï¢√•’: '...'ing' form äéπ °æEE îËߪ’úøç/ îËÆæ’h†o/
– -áÆˇ.íı-K-¨¡çéπ®˝, -§ƒ-´’-v®Ω’ §Òúø’í¬_ Ö†o ´uéÀhE îª÷¨»úø’.
b) I will be in Vijayawada tomorrow, discussing
¢√L:
3. He sat back waiting for the noise subsiding-
îËÆæ÷h, ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøû√ç. ÉC present, past That... =
Ñ °ævûªç™ ûÁL-°œ† N≠æߪ’ç, to cer-
subsiding (... ing form)
Ééπ\úø He sat
ÆæJ-é¬ü¿’. the topic with my friends= Ñ N≠æߪ’ç ´÷
or future ÅØËC, ÅC ´îËa sentence ™E verb tify =
Eï-´’E ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊, this is = Ñ °ævûªç
... for the noise to subside- Ææü¿’l-´’-ùÀ-Íí-´-®Ωèπ◊ ÊÆo£œ«-ûª’-©ûÓ îªJaÆæ÷h, Í®°æ¤ ؈’ Nï-ߪ’-¢√-úø™
†’ •öÀd Öçô’çC. îª÷úøçúÕ. dž’-èπ◊E èπÿØ√oúø’. Öçö«†’ (Discussing- Ééπ\úø future) ÖçC (É´y-•-úÕçC).
v°æ¨¡o: 1. Has she forgotten all the É°æ¤púø’Had had= Had+past par- v°æ¨¡o: 1. Will you take me home on your bike ÅØ√o®Ω’. v°æ¨¡o: 1. Thank, thankful ´’üµ¿u ûËú≈ N´-Jç-îªçúÕ.
help she had had from you? ticiple of have (had)- Past per- Ñ ¢√é¬uEo will you take me to home on your bike 2. ÇJ-§ÚßË’ D°æç. DEo ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
Éçü¿’™ had, had ÅE È®çúø’-≤ƒ®Ω’x fect tense- past actions
È®çúø’ ™ ÅØ√L éπü∆? O’®Ω’ preposition 'to' †’ áçü¿’èπ◊ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- 3. £æ«ûª’úø’/ £æ«ûª’-®√©’†’ ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ó ûÁ©’-°æçúÕ.
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-™«? äéπ\-≤ƒJ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷- ´·çü¿J past action †’ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊ Tç-îª-™‰üÓ N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. 4. Award ÉîËa ¢√∞¡x†’ ûÁL-Ê°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æûËuéπ °æü¿ç Öçü∆?
TÊÆh î√©’- éπü∆? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’. ¢√úøû√ç. 2. ''The programme will begin in a few minutes'' 5. ÅûªúÕ @Nûªç ÇJ-§ÚßË’ D°æç. ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ à´’ç-ö«®Ω’?
2. Is it your family? Did she forget the help she had few minutes plural 'a' article sin-
ï¢√•’: 1) Thank you, Thanking you äéπ-JéÀ üµ¿†u-¢√-ü∆©’ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊
ÅØ√o®Ω’. éπü∆? – á. éπ%≠æg-U-û√-®Ω’b†, Eúø-ü¿-¢Ó©’
Is that your grand mother? had from you? = F ü¿í∫_®Ω †’ç* gular éπü∆?few minutes singular
´·çü¿’ áçü¿’èπ◊
Is that your sister?
Ææ£æ…ߪ’ç §ÒçCçC. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√®Ω’? ¢√úøû√ç– ÉC ûª°æ¤p é¬ü¿’. Thank him, Thank her - É´Fo correct.
(I past action- had + pp of Thankful (Adjective) †’ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ üË´¤-úÕéÀ éπ%ûª-ïcûª-©’ îÁÊ°pç-ü¿’èπ◊
ï¢√•’:
What is it ?
– °œ. ®√´÷-†çü˛, ´’™«\-ñ¸-TJ, £j«ü¿-®√-¶«ü˛
have- had had). ¢√-úø-û√ç. Ç Ææçü¿-®Ωs¥ç™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Thankful to God ņç. Thankful
What is that ? Åçõ‰ God °æôxØË. ´’†’-≠æfl© °æôx é¬ü¿’. Åéπ\úø God omit îË≤ƒhç.
Did she forget? (ÅC) ´’-®Ω-*-§Ú- 1) Home ´·çü¿’ ≤ƒ´÷-†uçí¬ to é¬F, my/ his/ her/ their/
itÅØ√o that ÅØ√o ' ÅC—— ÅØË Thank E verb í¬ á´-J-ÈéjØ√ ¢√úø-´îª’a.
®·çü∆– È®çúÓpast action. somebody's home ÅE é¬F ņç. Home ¢√úÕ-†-°æ¤púø’,
Å®Ωnç éπü∆? Ñ È®çúø’ °æü∆-©†’ 2) Light about to go out/ to be snuffed off.
Ñ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x had had ¢√úøû√ç. á´J í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’-Ø√o¢Á÷, ¢√J É™‰x ÅE Å®Ωnç.
àßË’ Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-L? 3) The murdered= £æ«ûª’-úø’/ £æ«ûª’-®√©’. (The deceased ņ-´îª’a,
She had her breakfast and then He is going home (Åûª-úÕE í∫’Jç* îÁ°æ¤ hØ√oç. 鬕öÀd

ï¢√•’:
– ¨¶µº, ØÁ©÷x®Ω’
1. Has she forgotten all the help
she had had from you-
§ƒô’. -É-™« -Öç-ú≈-L–
Did she forget all the help she
had had from you? Or
Has she forgotten all the help
she has had from you?
v°æ¨¡o: The principal wished the
students all success -
™«çöÀ structures or sen-
tence patterns ûÓ ÉçTx≠ˇ
Å®·ûË îªE-§Ú-®·†¢√∞¡Ÿx ÅØË Å®Ωn¢Ë’ ´Ææ’hçC, £æ«ûªu-´©x ´÷vûª¢Ë’
went out= Ééπ\úø ÅûªúÕ ÉçöÀÍé ÅE Å®Ωnç. To ®√ü¿’/ his home ®√ü¿’) é¬èπ◊çú≈)
Breakfast (1st Past She left her pen at home (Ç¢Á’ ûª† pen (¢√∞¡x)
4) Award ÉîËa ¢√∞¡x†’ -ûÁ-LÊ°ç-ü¿’èπ◊ v°æûËuéπ¢Á’i† ´÷ô Åçô÷ àC-™‰ü¿’.
BÆæ’-èπ◊E
action- had + PP of have (had) ) Éçöx ´’®Ω-*§Ú-®·çC. Å®·ûË Ç Å-®ΩnçûÓ Award giver/ award conferor ÅE ņ-´îª’a.
§Ò®Ω- •ßª’-öÀ-Èé-RxçC. They brought the body home = Ç ¨¡¢√Eo ÅûªúÕ Confer= •£æ›-´’A/ °æ¤®Ω-≤ƒ\®Ωç v°æü∆†ç îË-ߪ’-úøç ( A conferred the
2) It =´’†ç üËE í∫’Jç* ´÷ö«x-úø’-ûª’- ÉçöÀéÀ BÆæ’éÌ-î√a®Ω’. award on B)
Ø√o¢Á÷ ÅC ÅE. ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ÅEo 2) Éçûªèπ◊ ´·çü¿’ N´-Jç* ÖØ√oç. Few = ü∆ü∆°æ¤ ™‰ü¿E 5) His life is like a light about to go out/ about to be snuffed out.
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™ x It é¬F that é¬F
v°æ¨¡o: Çé˙q°∂æ®˝f -ߪ‚-E-´-Jq-öà -vÂ°Æˇ, Ƒ°∂-™¸, -G-GÆœ, -ã-J-ߪ’ç-ö¸ -™«çí˚-´’-Ø˛
Å®Ωnç. Few minutes = No minutes. A few = small
¢√úÌa. number (ûªèπ◊\´ Ææçêu™) ÉC English usage
ûª-C-ûª®Ω ÆæçÆæn-©- -≤Úpéπ-Ø˛ -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ éÓ®Ω’q -§ƒ®∏√-©’, Æ‘-úŒ-©’ -á-™«
(¢√úø’éπ).
ï¢√•’:
-©-Gµ≤ƒh-ßÁ÷ -ûÁ-L-ߪ’-ñ‰-ߪ’í∫-©®Ω’.
improve A Guide to patterns
ï¢√•’: °ü¿l †í∫-®√-™xE à °ü¿l °æ¤Ææh-鬩 shop ™ Å®·Ø√ ÉN
îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-ú≈-EéÀ, Íé´©ç Å®·ûË, – Èé.°œ.°æ¤®Ω’-≥Ú-ûªhç, -û√-úÕ°æ-vA
OöÀéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† °æ¤Ææhéπç à Standard English and usage in English by AS
Öçü∆? Grammer book ™ Å®·Ø√ Hornby (Oxford) O’èπ◊ î√™« üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·. O’èπ◊ 鬴-©-Æœ† Ææ´÷-î√®Ωç Çߪ÷ companies
– G.Ææ’-ïß˝’, Ææûª’h-°æLx O’éÃpatterns üÌ®Ω’-èπ◊-û√®·. Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-°æ-úø’-ûª’çC. èπ◊ ®√ÊÆh ûÁ©’-Ææ’hçC. -Éç-ô®˝-ØÁ-ö¸ -ü∆y®√ -N-´®√-©’ -ûÁ-©’Ææ’éÓ-´-a.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm