C H A P T E R 2 / F U N D A M E N T A L C ONC E P T S

P ul l ey
r C or d
z
H
R
P2.43, 2.44
2. 4 4 The viscometer of Problem 2.43 is being used to verify that the viscosity of a particular
fluid is p = 0.1 N s/m
2
. Unfortunately the cord snaps during the experiment. How
long will it take the cylinder to lose 99% of its speed? The moment of inertia of the
cylinder/pulley system is 0.0273 kg m
2
.
2. 4 5 The thin outer cylinder (mass m
2
and radius R) of a small portable concentric cylinder
viscometer is driven by a falling mass, m
u
attached to a cord. The inner cylinder is sta-
tionary. The clearance between the cylinders is a. Neglect bearing friction, air resist-
ance, and the mass of liquid in the viscometer. Obtain an algebraic expression for the
torque due to viscous shear that acts on the cylinder at angular speed a>. Derive and
solve a differential equation for the angular speed of the outer cylinder as a function of
time. Obtain an expression for the maximum angular speed of the cylinder.
2. 4 6 A circular aluminum shaft mounted in a journal is shown. The symmetric clearance
gap between the shaft and journal is filled with SAE 10W-30 oil at T = 30C. The
shaft is caused to turn by the attached mass and cord. Develop and solve a differen-
tial equation for the angular speed of the shaft as a function of time. Calculate the
maximum angular speed of the shaft and the time required to reach 95 percent of
this speed.
2. 4 7 A shock-free coupling for a low-power mechanical drive is to be made from a pair of
concentric cylinders. The annular space between the cylinders is to be filled with oil.
The drive must transmit power, J = 5 W, Other dimensions and properties are as
shown. Neglect any bearing friction and end effects. Assume the minimum practical
gap clearance S for the device is S = 0.5 mm. Dow manufactures silicone fluids with
P 2. 4 5 P 2. 4 6
Problem 2.41
Problem *3.90
Problem 4.40
Problem 4.41
CHAPTER 4 / BASIC EQUATI ONS IN I NTEGRAL FORM FOR A C ONT R OL VOLUME
L
,V{x)
Q
\ . 1
Q
fit
2
P4. 102 P4. 103
*4.104
*4.105
^ * 4 . 1 0 6
4.107
Incompressible liquid of negligible viscosity is pumped, at total volume flow rate Q,
through two small holes into the narrow gap between closely spaced parallel disks as
shown. The liquid flowing away from the holes has only radial motion. Assume uni-
form flow across any vertical section and discharge to atmospheric pressure at r = R]
Obtain an expression for the pressure variation and plot as a function of radius. Hint:\
Apply conservation of mass and the momentum equation to a differential control vol^
ume of thickness dr located at radius r.
Liquid falls vertically into a short horizontal rectangular open channel of width b.<
The total volume flow rate, Q, is distributed uniformly over area bh. Neglect viscou*
effects. Obtain an expression for h
t
in terms of hj, Q, and b. Hint: Choose a control
volume with outer boundary located at x = L. Sketch the surface profile, h(x). Hint!
Use a differential control volume of width dx.
The narrow gap between two closely spaced circular plates initially is filled with in-j
compressible liquid. At / = 0 the upper plate begins to move downward toward the]
lower plate with constant speed, V
0
, causing the liquid to be squeezed from the nar-
row gap. Neglecting viscous effects and assuming uniform flow in the radial direc-
tion, develop an expression for the velocity field between the parallel plates. Hint:]
Apply conservation of mass to a control volume with outer surface located at radius]
r. Note that even though the speed of the upper plate is constant, the flow is unsteady.
Design a clepsydra (Egyptian water clock)a vessel from which water drains by
gravity through a hole in the bottom and which indicates time by the level of the re-
maining water. Specify the dimensions of the vessel and the size of the drain hole;
indicate the amount of water needed to fill the vessel and the interval at which id
must be filled. Plot the vessel radius as a function of elevation.
A jet of water is directed against a vane, which could be a blade in a turbine or in I
any other piece of hydraulic machinery. The water leaves the stationary 50 mm di-|
ameter nozzle with a speed of 20 m/s and enters the vane tangent to the surface at A.\
The inside surface of the vane at B makes angle 6 = 150 with the x direction.
Compute the force that must be applied to maintain the vane speed constant at'
U = 5 m/s.
* These problems require materia] from sections that may be omitted without loss of continuity in the te
material.
Problem 6.12