Simon Fraser University

CMPT 320
Sociotechnological Theory: Focus on Computing Science
Fall 2009
Homework #1
Naoya Makino
SFU Student #: 301117541
nmakino@sfu.ca
October 7, 2009

Idealism versus Materialism in the Epistemology Relating to Human Organization

Windshuttle argues that there is no conclusive scientific theory, and Harper also
admits that theories can be used in a way that suited for a certain perspective. As
Windshuttle claims “theories themselves determine what counts as an effective
experiment” (208) and are “determined by the customs and power relations prevailing
within a particular scientific community” (208), theories mentioned in Harper’s article
are examples of implausible theories. For instance, it is argued that there are linear
models of change in a society as well as cyclical models of change. Both of the
arguments pick the events that are suitable for them, which can be easily interpreted as an
either way. As a society is dynamic and complex, it is hard to apply theories in any case.
In another word, it is relatively easy to claim a theory in its own way. Although these
perspectives are important to be addressed and discussed, these can never be absolute nor
universal truth. Windshuttle addresses that “acceptance of scientific change”, and I
believe social changes as well, “is no better than ‘mod psychology’ and scientific
progress is merely a bandwagon effect. Without an independent or rational guide to
assessing theories, the acceptance of new theories was no better than religious
conversion” (215). It is also said that it is very difficult to assess theories objectively.
Therefore, it is important to understand that there are always some circumstances with
any theories; it is important to pay attention when it is written and by whom. That may
describe why that theory is specifically addressing a particular perspective. Been made
this point and understood that it can never be conclusive, however, Harper and I still
“think that social scientists need to work toward the goal of a unified, integrated
theory”(87). What important is not theories are implausible and never be conclusive, but
continuously addressing social issues and the efforts to understand the world are more
valuable.

Reference

Harper, C.L. ‘By Way of Introduction’.

Exploring Social Change
US: Prentice-Hall, 1993 ISBN: 0132929627, p.p. 1 to 9, 9 of 373 pages.
Copyright: Prentice-Hall / Access Copyright, 1993

Windschuttle, K. ‘History As A Social Science’.

The Killing of History
US: Encounter Books, 1996 ISBN: 1893554120, pp. 203 to 220, 18 of 298 pages.
Copyright: Encounter Books / Access Copyright, 1996