8/17/2014

1
Biaxial Bending Member
Capacity to AS4100
Lecture 4
Learning Outcomes
Determine in-plane member moment capacity
for members subjected to axial compression
and tension.
Determine out-of-plane member moment
capacity for members subjected to axial
compression and tension.
Determine the adequacy of steel members
subjected to biaxial bending and axial loading.

8/17/2014
2
Beam-columns
In real structures the majority of members are subjected to a
combination of :
Axial loading (compression and tension) and bending (about the
major or minor axis or both)
Member capacity check

axis - y principal minor the
about bending for capacity, moment member plane - in nominal M
axis - x principal major about the bending
for ) ( capacity moment member plane - of - out nominal the
and ) ( capacity moment member plane - in nominal of lesser the M
axis minor and major about the moment bending design M ; M
where
8.4.5.1 Cl. 1
: axes principal - minor y and - x major about the *) (
and *) ( moments bending design and (N*) force e compressiv axial
design a to subjected Members : MEMBERS N COMPRESSIO
iy
cx
*
y
*
x
4 . 1
*
4 . 1
*
=
=
=
s
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
ox
ix
iy
y
cx
x
y
x
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
| |
8/17/2014
3
In-Plane Member Moment
Capacity, M
ix
<8.4.2>
axis. - x about the
buckling for 6.3) (Cl. n compressio axial in capacity member nominal the is N
5.2) (Cl. axis - x about the capacity moment section nominal the is M
where
Cl.8.4.2.2 1
axis - x about the capacity member plane - in nominal the is M
where
: satisfy shall
axis principal major about the bent Members : Members n Compressio
cx
sx
*
ix
*
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
s
cx
sx ix
ix x
N
N
M M
M M
|
|
Nominal member capacity in Axial
Compression, N
c
<6.3>

4.6.3) (Cl. factor length effective member the is k where
6.3.2 Cl.
: member n compressio a of length effective The
e
l k l
e e
=
http://www.tboake.com/
http://www.microstran.com.au/
8/17/2014
4
Nominal member capacity in Axial
Compression, N
c
<6.3>
( )
( )
( )
6.3.3(2)] Tables 6.3.3(1); [Tables constant section member the is
where
;
250
;
2050 3 . 15
5 . 13 2100
;
0 13.5 - 0.00326 ;
90
2
1
90
;
90
1 1
factor reduction s slendernes member the is
6.2) (Cl. capacity section nominal the is N
where
6.3.3 Cl.
: n compressio under member a of capacity nominal The
b
2 a a
2
2
2
c
c
s
o

o o o
q

o
o
o
y
f
e
n
n n
n
b n
s s c c
f
k
r
l
N N N
|
.
|

\
|
=
+

= + =
> =
|
.
|

\
|
+ +
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
s =
Member Section Constant,
b

8/17/2014
5
Member Section Constant,
b

The five values of member section constant reflect the
various section types and distributions and magnitudes of
residual stresses.
Member Section Constant,
b

The five member section constants results in five strength
curves reflecting the various section types and distributions
of residual stresses.
8/17/2014
6
Member Slenderness Reduction Factor,
c

The member slenderness reduction factor can also be obtained directly
from Tables 6.3.3(3), if the modified member slenderness value (
n
) and
the member section constant (
b
) are known.
Out-of-Plane Member Moment Capacity
under compression, M
ox
<8.4.4.1>
axis. - y principal minor about the
buckling for 6.3) (Cl. n compressio axial in capacity member nominal the is N
5.6) (Cl. axis - x principal major about the bent and restraint
lateral full hout member wit a of capacity moment member nominal the is M
where
Cl.8.4.4.1 1
capacity member plane - of - out nominal the is M
where
: satisfy shall laterally buckle may which
and axis principal major its about ) (M moment bending design and (N*)
n compressio axial design to subjected member A : Members n Compressio
cy
bx
*
ox
*
*
x
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
s
cy
bx ox
ox x
N
N
M M
M M
|
|
8/17/2014
7
Nominal Member Moment Capacity of
segments without full lateral restraint
about the major x-axis, M
bx
<5.6>
5.6.2. Cl. refer to end, one at ed unrestrain segments For
5.2) (Cl. capacity moment section nominal the is M
factor reduction s slendernes the is
factor on modificati moment the is
where
: ) (M capacity moment member nominal the
5.6.1), (Cl. ends both at restrained partially or fully segments For
s
b
s
m
s s s m b
M M M
o
o
o o s =
Moment modification factor, o
m
( ) ( ) ( ) | |
5.6.4) (Cl. analysis buckling elastic from obtained A value (iv)
segment the of points mid at moments bending design the is
segment the of points quarter at moments bending design the is ;
segment in the moment bending design maximum the is
where
5 . 2
7 . 1
(iii)
5.6.1 Table from A value (ii)
1.0 (i)
: as taken be )can ( factor on modificati moment The
*
3
*
4
*
2
*
2
*
4
2
*
3
2
*
2
*
m
M
M M
M
M M M
M
m
m
m
s
+ +
= o
o
8/17/2014
8
Moment modification factor, o
m

X stands for full or partial restraint.
Moment modification factor, o
m

8/17/2014
9
Slenderness Reduction Factor, o
s

5.6.4) (Cl. analysis buckling elastic an from determined value the (B)
or moment; buckling reference the is M where , M M (A)
: either as taken be can M
3 6 . 0
: 5.6.1.1) (Cl. follows as
determined be can ) ( factor reduction s slendernes The
o o oa
oa
2
s
=
(
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|

(
(

+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
oa
s
oa
s
s
M
M
M
M
o
o
Reference Buckling Moment, M
o

. Appendix H of H4 Paragraph
in given are and for s expression and and of Values
5.6.3) (Cl. length effective the is
constant warping the is
constant torsion the is
ly respective modulus shear and elasticity of modulus the are
where

: ) (M moment buckling reference The
2
2
2
2
o
w
e
w
e
w
e
y
o
I J G E
l
I
J
E; G
l
EI
GJ
l
EI
M
(
(

|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
t
8/17/2014
10
Effective Length, l
e
<5.6.3>
ends. both at
restrained partially or fully is ich segment wh a in restraints lateral
te intermedia by formed segments - sub for length segment - sub the (b)
or restraints lateral
te intermedia or without with end, one at ed unrestrain segments
or restraints te intermedia without segments for length, segment the (a)
is length, The
5.6.3(3) Table in given factor restraint rotation lateral the is
5.6.3(2) Table in given factor height load the is
5.6.3(1) Table in given factor restrain twist the is
where

: ) ( length effective The
e
l
k
k
k
l k k k l
l
r
l
t
r l t e
=
Effective Length, l
e
<5.6.3>
web of thickness the is ) (
flange critical the of thickness the is ) (
webs of number the is ) (
flanges between depth clear the is ) (
w
f
w
1
t
t
n
d
ed unrestrain for stands
restrained laterally for stands
restrained partially for stands
restrained fully for stands
U
L
P
F
8/17/2014
11
Restraints
FULLY RESTRAINED: F
Critical flange restraint
Effective twist restraint
PARTIALLY RESTRAINED: P
Non-Critical flange restraint
Partial twist restraint
LATERALLY RESTRAINED: L
Critical flange restraint
No twist restraint
UNRESTRAINED: U
No Critical flange restraint
No twist restraint
Effective Length, l
e
<5.6.3>
8/17/2014
12
Member moment capacity check
under tension

8.3.3) (Cl. tension axial by reduced capacity moment section nominal M
axis - x principal major about the bending for ) ( capacity
moment member plane - of - out nominal the and tension axial
by reduced ) ( capacity moment section nominal of lesser the M
axis minor and major about the moment bending design M ; M
where
8.4.5.2 Cl. 1
: axes principal - minor y
and - x major about the *) ( and *) ( moments bending design and
(N*) force tensile design a to subjected Members : MEMBERS TENSION
ry
tx
*
y
*
x
4 . 1
*
4 . 1
*
=
=
=
s
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
ox
rx
ry
y
tx
x
y x
M
M
M
M
M
M
M M
| |
Nominal section moment capacity about
the major axis M
rx
, reduced by axial
tension
7.2) (Cl. tension axial in capacity section nominal N
5.2) (Cl. axis - x principal
about the bending for capacity moment section nominal M
where
Cl.8.3.2 1
: axis major about the n) compressio or (tension force axial
by reduced capacity, moment section nominal the general, In
t
sx
*
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
sx rx
N
N
M M
|
8/17/2014
13
Out-of-Plane Member Moment
Capacity under tension, M
ox
<8.4.4.2>
8.3.2) (Cl. force axial by reduced capacity moment section nominal the is M
7.2) (Cl. tension axial in capacity section nominal the is N
5.6) (Cl. axis - x principal major about the bent and restraint
lateral full hout member wit a of capacity moment member nominal the is M
where
Cl.8.4.4.2 1
capacity member plane - of - out nominal the is M
where
: satisfy shall laterally buckle may which
and axis principal major its about ) (M moment bending design and (N*)
force tensile axial design to subjected member A : Members Tension
rx
t
bx
*
ox
*
*
x
rx
t
bx ox
ox x
M
N
N
M M
M M
s
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ =
s
|
|
Nominal section moment capacity about
the minor principal axis M
ry
, reduced by
axial tension
7.2) (Cl. tension axial in capacity section nominal N
5.2) (Cl. axis - y principal minor
about the bending for capacity moment section nominal M
where
Cl.8.3.3 1
: axis principal minor about the (tension)
force axial by reduced capacity, moment section nominal The
t
sy
*
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
t
sy ry
N
N
M M
|
8/17/2014
14
Design for axial tension
strength tensile f
holes of area less area sectional gross : section cross the of area net A
section) cross a of centroid the through loading for 1.0 k (e.g.
e.g. forces, of on distributi for factor correction
section, cross of area gross A where
hardening) strain after failure fracture to due (limit 85 . 0
7.2) (Cl. and section) gross of failure yield to due (limit
: of lesser the is tension in member a for capacity section nominal The
tension in member a of capacity section nominal N
AS4100) 3.4, Table tension, axial to
subjected members for (0.9 factor capacity where
7.1 Cl.
: satisfy should (N*) force tension axial design a to subjected member A
u
n
t
g
t
*
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
s
t
u n t t
y g t
t
k
f A k N
f A N
N N
|
|
Design for axial tension
Values of k
t
(correction factor distribution of forces) can
be determined from Table 7.3.2, AS4100
8/17/2014
15
Design for axial tension
Values of k
t
(correction factor distribution of forces) can
be determined from Table 7.3.2, AS4100
BIAXIAL BENDING MEMBER
CAPACITY EXAMPLE
Lecture 4
8/17/2014
16
Biaxial Bending Section Capacity
Example
A 9m long simply supported beam column, shown in Figure, is subjected to
bending about both the major and minor axis and additionally subjected to axial
compression. Lateral deflections and twist rotations are prevented at the ends and
at mid span. Check the member capacity of the beam against the applied biaxial
bending and axial compression. The beam is a 250UB37.3 and of grade 300PLUS;
d=256mm, b
f
=146mm, t
f
=10.9mm, t
w
=6.4mm, I
x
=55.7x10
6
mm
4
, r
x
=108mm,
S
x
=486x10
3
mm
3
, Z
x
=435x10
3
mm
3
, I
y
=5.66x10
6
mm
3
, r
y
=34.5mm, S
y
=119x10
3
mm
4
,
Z
y
=77.5x10
3
mm
3
, f
y
=320MPa, A=4750mm
2
. Given M
x
*=52.8kNm; M
y
*=8.1kNm;
N*=200kN. Section Capacities: N
s
=1368kN; M
sx
=140kNm; M
sy
=33.5kNm

4500 4500
3.2kN/m
xaxis
200kN (design)
xzplane
4500 4500
20kN
yaxis
200kN (design)
yzplane
zaxis
b
f

t
f

t
w

d
xaxis
yaxis
Member Capacity Check
axis - about the factor reduction s slendernes member where
axis principal major the
about buckling for n Compressio Axial in Capacity Member Nominal :
Cl.8.4.2.2
*
1
axis - principal about the bent and n compressio under member a For
CAPACITY, MOMENT MEMBER PLANE IN
and of lesser re whe
8.4.5 Cl. 1
4 . 1
*
4 . 1
*
x
N N
N
N
N
M M
x
M
M M M
M
M
M
M
cx
s cx cx
cx
cx
sx ix
ix
ox ix cx
iy
y
cx
x
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
=
s
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
o
o
|
| |
| |
8/17/2014
17
0
Section UB Rolled Hot a For
6.3.3(1) Table 0 . 1 for
Constant, Section Member
94.3
250
320
1
108
9000
(Otherwise given 108
9000 9000 0 . 1
buckling axis - for x ends both at pinned member 1.0
Cl.4.6.3 factor length effective member
;
6.3.3 Cl.
250
s, Slendernes Member Modified
nx
nx
=
=
= =
= =
= =
=
=
=
=
b
f b
b
x x
ex
ex
e
x ex ex
y
f
x
ex
nx
k
A I r r
mm l
k
k
l k l
f
k
r
l

o
o
o

( )
( )
( )
( )
kNm M kNm M
kNm
N
N
M M
kN N N
x ix
cx
sx ix
s cx
cx b
cx b
cx
8 . 52 7 . 104
7 . 104
4 . 793
200
1 140
*
1
4 . 793 1368 580 . 0
580 . 0
0.575 - 0.610
90 - 95
90 - 94.3
- 0.610
3 . 94 for ion interpolat linear Using
575 . 0 0 ; 95
610 . 0 0 ; 90
: 6.3.3(3) Table From
Factor, Reduction s Slendernes Member
*
cx
cx
nx
nx
nx
= > =
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
= = =
=
=
=
= = =
= = =
|
|
| |
| o |
o

o o
o o
o
8/17/2014
18
axis - about the factor reduction s slendernes member where
axis principal minor the
about buckling for n Compressio Axial in Capacity Member Nominal :

Cl.8.4.4.1
*
1
laterally buckle may which
axis, - principal about the bent and n compressio under member a For
CAPACITY, MOMENT MEMBER PLANE - OF - OUT
y
N N
N
N
N
M M
x
M
cy
s cy cy
cy
cy
bx ox
ox
=
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
o
o
|
| |
0
Section UB Rolled Hot a For
6.3.3(1) Table 0 . 1 for
Constant, Section Member
147.6
250
320
1
5 . 34
4500
(Otherwise given 5 . 34
4500 4500 0 . 1
buckling axis - for ends both at pinned member 1.0
Cl.4.6.3 factor length effective member
;
6.3.3 Cl.
250
s, Slendernes Member Modified
ny
ny
=
=
= =
= =
= =
=
=
=
=
b
f b
b
y y
ey
ey
e
y ey ey
y
f
y
ey
ny
k
A I r r
mm l
y k
k
l k l
f
k
r
l

o
o
o

8/17/2014
19
( )
( )
( )
( ) kN N N
s cy
cy b
cy b
cy
1 . 413 1368 302 . 0
302 . 0
0.293 - 0.311
145 - 150
145 - 147.6
- 0.311
6 . 147 for ion interpolat linear Using
293 . 0 0 ; 150
311 . 0 0 ; 145
: 6.3.3(3) Table From
Factor, Reduction s Slendernes Member
cy
cy
ny
ny
ny
= = =
=
=
=
= = =
= = =
| o |
o

o o
o o
o
1 . 8 3 . 17
3 17
1 413
200
1 5 33
Cl.8.4.2.2
*
1
axis - principal about the bent and n compressio under member a For
CAPACITY, MOMENT MEMBER PLANE IN
*
kNm M kNm M
kNm .
.
. M
N
N
M M
y
M
y iy
iy
cy
sy iy
iy
= > =
=
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
=
|
|
| |
8/17/2014
20
axis - x he t
about bending for Capacity Moment Member Plane - of - Out : M
axis - x the
about bending for Capacity Moment Member Nominal : M
: 4 Tutorial in determined be To
axis - y about the bending for Capacity Member Plane - In : M
and axis - x about the bending for Capacity Member Plane - In : M
: determined have We
and of lesser re whe
8.4.5 Cl. 1
ox
bx
iy
ix
4 . 1
*
4 . 1
*

=
s
|
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
|
.
|

\
|
ox ix cx
iy
y
cx
x
M M M
M
M
M
M
| |
Member Capacity Check