2G-3G Cell Reselection Alcatel

ED 02 RELEASED 003
R4 3G-2G algorithms_ed02.doc 2006-10-05 3DF 01900 3411 VAZZA 19/77

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3 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G
The algorithm is described in the 3GPP TS05.08. As the Alcatel UTRAN may be neighboured with a BSS of any
constructor, we start with 3GPP description, then we focus on Alcatel B8 and B9 BSS implementation.
A multi-RAT UE camping on 2G, or attached to GPRS on 2G may measure 3G cells. Reselection of the 3G cells
may be under control of the UE or the network.
The main function of the GMM sub-layer is to support the mobility of user terminals, such as informing the
network of its present location and providing user identity confidentiality.
In GMM Standby state, and packet idle mode, cell-reselection is performed by UE. In GMM Ready state, cell-
reselection is either performed by UE or controlled by network. This is indicated by the parameter
NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER. The meaning of the different parameter values is specified as follows:
NC0 Normal MS controls
The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection.
NC1 MS control with measurement reports
The MS shall send measurement reports to the network.
The MS shall perform autonomous cell re-selection.
NC2 Network control
The MS shall send measurement reports to the network.
The MS shall only perform autonomous cell re-selection when the reselection is triggered by
a downlink signalling failure or a random access failure.
RESET The MS shall return to the broadcast parameters. Only sent on PCCCH or PACCH.
The parameter values NC1 and NC2 only apply in Ready state. In Standby state, the MS shall always use
normal MS control independent of the ordered NC mode.
3.1 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G UNDER UE CONTROL
At SGSN level, the UE is either in:
Idle state, the subscriber is not attached to the SGSN.
GMM Standby state (the UE is not transmitting data),
GMM Ready State (the UE is transmitting data or has just transmitted data) and
NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER=NC0 or NC1.
The algorithm is the same in idle or attached to GPRS, only parameters change.
3.1.1 IN GMM IDLE STATE
The UE in GMM idle state monitors SI (System Information) broadcast on the BCCH.
UE measurements on the serving cell in idle
For the purposes of cell selection and reselection, the UE is required to maintain an average of received signal
levels for all monitored frequencies. These quantities termed the "received level averages" (RLA_C), shall be
unweighted averages of the received signal levels measured in dBm.
The network controls the measurements for reselection of 3G cells by the parameter Qsearch_I broadcast on
BCCH. Qsearch_I defines a threshold and also indicates whether these measurements shall be performed when
RLA_C of the serving cell is below or above the threshold. These measurements may be performed less
frequently than measurements of GSM cells, in order to conserve UE power.
UE in idle searches for 3G cells:
Either when RLA_C of the serving cell is below Qsearch_I, Qsearch_I belongs to [-98dBm; -74dBm],
Or when RLA_C of the serving cell is above Qsearch_I, Qsearch_I belongs to [-78dBm; -54 dBm],
Or always,
Or never.
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UE measurements on 3G neighbour cells
UE reads FDD UTRAN neighbour UARFCN from System Information 2ter or 2quater broadcast on the BCCH
depending on BSS constructor. SI2quater lists scrambling codes of the FDD neighbour cell, while SI2ter does
not. If the 3G Cell Reselection list includes UTRAN frequencies, the UE shall, at least every 5 s update the value
RLA_C for the serving cell and each of the at least 6 strongest non-serving GSM cells.
A multi-RAT UE shall be able to monitor 64 FDD cells on up to 3 FDD frequencies, with a maximum of 32 cells
per frequency.
The UE shall be able to identify and select a new best UTRAN cell on a frequency, which is part of the 3G Cell
Reselection list, within 30 seconds after it has been activated under the condition that there is only one UTRAN
frequency in the list and under good radio conditions (hypothesis for good radio conditions in 3GPP TS0508:
CPICH Ec/Io = -10.4 dB, CPICH RSCP = -70 dBm). The allowed time is increased by 30 seconds for each
additional UTRAN frequency in the 3G Cell Reselection list. However, multiple UTRAN cells on the same
frequency in the list do not increase the allowed time.
2G to 3G cell reselection criteria
The UE shall reselect a suitable UTRAN cell (as defined in 2.1) if:
CPICH Ec/No > FDD_Qmin
and
CPICH RSCP > RLA_C + FDD_Qoffset for the serving cell and all of the suitable non-serving GSM cells for a
period of 5 seconds.
In case of a cell reselection occurring within the previous 15 seconds, FDD_Qoffset is increased by 5 dB.
Where:
- CPICH Ec/No (dB) and CPICH RSCP (dBm) are the FDD quantities measured by UE.
- RLA_C (dBm) is the 2G quantity measured by UE.
- FDD_Qmin and FDD_Qoffset are broadcast on BCCH of the serving cell:
- FDD_Qmin: minimum threshold for UTRAN FDD cell reselection,
- FDD_Qoffset: applies an offset to RLA_C.

Note: The parameters required to determine if the UTRAN cell is suitable are broadcast on BCCH of the
UTRAN cell. A UE may start reselection towards the UTRAN cell before decoding the BCCH of the UTRAN cell,
leading to a short interruption of service if the UTRAN cell is not suitable.
Cell reselection to UTRAN shall not occur within 5 seconds after the UE has reselected a GSM cell from an
UTRAN cell if a suitable GSM cell can be found.
If more than one UTRAN cell fulfils the above criteria, the UE shall select the cell with the greatest RSCP value.
3.1.2 IN GMM STANDBY STATE OR GMM READY STATE
If PBCCH is activated and the UE is PBCCH-capable, the UE in GMM standby or ready state monitors PSI
(Packet System Information) broadcast on the PBCCH.
Otherwise, the UE in GMM standby or ready state monitors SI (system information) broadcast on the BCCH;
and procedures in [7] shall apply.
UE measurements on the serving cell
The UE shall measure the received RF signal level on the BCCH carriers of the serving cell and the surrounding
cells as indicated in the BA (GPRS) list and optionally the NC_FREQUENCY_LIST, and calculate the received
level average (RLA_P) for each carrier.
The network controls the measurements for reselection of 3G cells by the parameter Qsearch_P broadcast on
PBCCH. Qsearch_P defines a threshold and also indicates whether these measurements shall be performed
when RLA_P of the serving cell is below or above the threshold.
UE attached to GPRS searches for 3G cells:
Either when RLA_P of the serving cell is below Qsearch_P, Qsearch_P belongs to [-98dBm; -74dBm],
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Or when RLA_P of the serving cell is above Qsearch_P, Qsearch_P belongs to [-78dBm; -54 dBm],
Or always,
Or never.
UE measurements on 3G neighbour cells
If the GPRS 3G Cell Reselection list includes UTRAN frequencies, the UE shall, at least every 5 second update
the value RLA_P for the serving cell and each of the at least 6 strongest non-serving GSM cells.
For a multi-RAT UE, cells or frequencies with other radio access technologies may also be included in the GPRS
3G Cell Reselection list to be monitored. This list may be modified by PACKET MEASUREMENT ORDER or
PACKET CELL CHANGE ORDER messages. It provides the UE with:
FDD UTRAN neighbour UARFCN(s)
Optionally, FDD UTRAN neighbour Scrambling Codes.
A multi-RAT UE shall be able to monitor 64 FDD cells on up to 3 FDD frequencies, with a maximum of 32 cells
per frequency.
At BSS level, the UE attached to GPRS is either:
In packet transfer mode (BSS mode where the mobile is transmitting data),
Or in packet idle mode (BSS mode where the mobile is not transmitting data).
In packet transfer mode, the UE shall be able to send the first access at the latest 5+x seconds after a new best
UTRAN cell, which is part of the GPRS 3G Cell Reselection list, has been activated under the condition that there
is only one UTRAN frequency in the list and that no new GSM cells are activated at the same time and under
good radio conditions. x is the longest time it may take to receive the necessary system information in the new
cell. The allowed access time is increased by 5 seconds for each additional UTRAN frequency in the GPRS 3G
Cell Reselection list and by the time required for BSIC decoding of new activated GSM cells. However, multiple
UTRAN cells on the same frequency in the list do not increase the allowed access time.
In packet idle mode, the UE shall be able to identify and select a new best UTRAN cell on a frequency, which is
part of the GPRS 3G Cell Reselection list, within 30 seconds after it has been activated under the condition that
there is only one UTRAN frequency in the list and under good radio conditions (hypothesis for good radio
conditions in 3GPP TS0508: CPICH Ec/Io = -10.4 dB, CPICH RSCP = -70 dBm) . The allowed time is increased
by 30 seconds for each additional UTRAN frequency in the GPRS 3G Cell Reselection list. However, multiple
UTRAN cells on the same frequency in the list do not increase the allowed time.
For this monitoring, the MS may use search frames that are not required for BSIC decoding or interference
measurements in packet transfer mode. If indicated by the parameter 3G_SEARCH_PRIO, the MS may use up to
25 search frames per 13 seconds without considering the need for BSIC decoding or packet transfer mode
interference measurements in these frames.
In GMM ready state, in B9, a 2G to 3G cell reselection can be done. It is transparent to the UTRAN: UE and CN
are re-establishing the service on 3G. Nevertheless, this is disabled per default, as this degrades the
performances on 2G (measuring also 3G). This cannot be fast mobility and this is the reason, why today this
feature is not activating on the commercial networks.
2G to 3G cell reselection criteria
The UE shall reselect a suitable UTRAN cell (as defined in 2.1) if:
CPICH Ec/No >FDD_Qmin
And
CPICH RSCP > RLA_P + FDD_GPRS_Qoffset for the serving cell and all of the suitable non-serving GSM cells
for a period of 5 seconds.
In case of a cell reselection occurring within the previous 15 seconds, FDD_GPRS_Qoffset is increased by 5 dB.
Where
CPICH Ec/No (dB) and CPICH RSCP (dBm) are the FDD quantities measured by UE.
RLA_P (dBm) is the 2G quantity measured by UE.
FDD_Qmin and FDD_GPRS_Qoffset are broadcast on PBCCH of the serving cell:
FDD_Qmin: minimum threshold for UTRAN FDD cell reselection,
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FDD_GPRS_Qoffset: applies an offset to RLA_P.
Note: The parameters required to determine if the UTRAN cell is suitable are broadcast on BCCH of the
UTRAN cell.
Cell reselection to UTRAN shall not occur within 5 seconds after the UE has reselected a GSM cell from an
UTRAN cell if a suitable GSM cell can be found.
If more than one UTRAN cell fulfils the above criteria, the UE shall select the cell with the greatest RSCP value.
3.2 CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G UNDER NETWORK CONTROL
The UE is in GMM Ready state (at SGSN level) and NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER=NC2. When PBCCH is not
activated or the UE is not PBCCH capable, the UE reads BCCH and CCCH. Otherwise, the UE reads PBCCH
and PCCCH.
The network specifies to the UE which measurements are expected through parameters broadcast on
BCCH/PBCCH or sent individually to the UE on CCCH/PCCCH or PACCH (Packet Cell Change Order or Packet
Measurement Order), in which case it overwrites the broadcast parameters. The individual parameters are valid
until the RESET command is sent to the UE or there is a downlink signalling failure or the UE goes to the
Standby state or the UE enters dedicated mode.
Based on reported measurements, a cell re-selection command (Cell Change Order) may be sent from the
network to the UE. The command may include re-selection of another radio access technology/mode. When the
UE receives the command, it shall re-select the cell according to the included cell description and change the
network control.
Algorithm to trigger cell-reselection based on UE measurements is BSS constructor dependent. As Alcatel BSS B8
does not support it for inter-RAT cells, there is no further description.
The cell reselection from 2G to 3G under network control feature allows the network also to perform a
handover of a packet switched connection from GPRS to UMTS. It uses the inter-RAT Cell Reselection / inter-RAT
Cell Change Order procedures to UTRAN: GPRS and UMTS R99 PS domain do not support the
Handover/Relocation procedures that are defined for the CS domain.
Inter-RAT Cell Change Order procedure is defined in TS 25.331. This procedure is initiated by GPRS in a cell
operating in NC2 mode by sending a cell change order to the UE, in which the identity of the target UTRAN cell
is specified. Decision is taken by GPRS based on its knowledge of UTRAN adjacent cells and UE inter-RAT
measurement reports is requested.
The UE initiates a cell reselection procedure via the establishment of a new RRC connection to UTRAN.
The UTRAN receives a RRC CONNECTION REQUEST message from the UE with Establishment Cause inter-RAT
cell reselection or inter-RAT cell change order and handles it like any other Establishment Cause. Both RRC
connection requests are associated with indicator (RRC_connect_req_interRAT).
From the UTRAN point of view, whereas there is only one single PS RAB or multiple PS RAB, the procedure is
handled in the same way.
The 2G to 3G cell reselection works well without needing the scrambling code.
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3.3 PARAMETERS, THEIR RANGE AND CODING
3.3.1 QSEARCH_I, QSEARCH_P
0 = -98 dBm
1 = -94 dBm
2 = -90 dBm
3 = -86 dBm
4 = -82 dBm
5 = -78 dBm
6 = -74 dBm
7 (always)
8 = -78 dBm
9 = -74 dBm
10 = -70 dBm
11 = -66 dBm
12 = -62 dBm
13 = -58 dBm
14 = -54 dBm
15 (never)
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Table 7: Qsearch_I and Qsearch_P coding values
Qsearch_I is sent in system information SI 2ter or SI 2quater (BCCH) depending on BSS constructor.
The default UE value if Qsearch_I is not sent in system information is 15 (never).
When Qsearch_I=7 (infinity), UE shall always measure 3G cells.
Qsearch_P is sent in system information Packet SI 3 quarter (PBCCH), or PACKET MEASUREMENT ORDER or
PACKET CELL CHANGE ORDER messages.
3.3.2 FDD_QMIN
FDD_Qmin is sent in system information SI 2ter or SI 2quater depending on BSS constructor. FDD_Qmin is sent
in system information Packet SI 3 quarter or PACKET MEASUREMNT ORDER or PACKET CELL CHANGE ORDER
messages.
The default UE value if FDD_Qmin is not sent in system information is 7 (-12 dB).

0 = -20 dB
1 = -6 dB
2 = -18 dB
3 = -8 dB
4 = -16 dB
5 = -10 dB
6 = -14 dB
7 = -12 dB

Table 8: FDD_Qmin coding values
FDD_Qmin should be consistent with Qqualmin introduced in 2.1cell selection criteria.
Consistently rule will be detailed in the document on Parameters, but for sure, FDD_Qmin>Qqualmin.
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The recommended setting for 2G in case of 2G to 3G cell reselection is the following: FDD_Qmin = -10 dB
Qsearch_I = 7 (infinity), resulting that UE always measures 3G
FDD_Qoffset = 0
3.3.3 FDD_QOFFSET AND FDD_GPRS_QOFFSET
0 (always select a cell if acceptable)
1 = -28 dB
2 = -24 dB
3 = -20 dB
4 = -16 dB
5 = -12 dB
6 = -8 dB
7 = -4 dB
8 = 0 dB
9 = 4 dB
10 = 8 dB
11 = 12 dB
12 = 16 dB
13 = 20 dB
14 = 24 dB
15 = 28 dB

Table 9: FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Qoffset coding values
FDD_Qoffset is sent in system information SI 2ter or SI 2quater depending on BSS constructor. The default UE
value if FDD_Qoffset is not sent in system information is 8 (0 dB).
FDD_GPRS_Offset is sent in system information Packet SI 3 quarter or PACKET MEASUREMENT ORDER or
PACKET CELL CHANGE ORDER messages.
FDD_Qoffset and FDD_GPRS_Qoffset should be consistent with Qoffset_snGSM introduced in 2.5 cell
reselection criteria.
3.4 IMPLEMENTATION IN ALCATEL B8 BSS OF CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G
In Idle and GMM Standby state, the cell reselection is under UE control. In GMM Ready state, either the cell
reselection is under UE control or there is no cell reselection possible from 2G to 3G.
Alcatel B8 BSS does not advise 3G cells measurements while the UE is in Packet Transfer Mode (implies GMM
Ready state). Indeed, the UE could interrupt its data transfer frequently for monitoring 3G neighbour cells and a
degradation of throughput is observed while the UE is performing measurements on 3G cells.
Alcatel B8 BSS only enables mobile autonomous GSM to UMTS cell reselection. NC2 is not available for inter-
RAT cells, thus preventing the multi-RAT UE from for searching for UMTS FDD cells while the UE is in GMM
ready state and in NC2 mode.
3G search deactivation introduced in Alcatel BSS B8 prevents the multi-RAT UE from searching for UMTS FDD
cells while the UE is in GMM ready state and in NC0 mode.
The drawing below basically represents the different states of a UE attached to GPRS:
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GMM Standby state
GMM Ready state
Packet Idle Mode
Packet Transfer Mode
Packet Idle Mode
Beginning of transfer
End of transfer
Ready timer expiration
GMM Standby state
GMM Ready state
Packet Idle Mode
Packet Transfer Mode
Packet Idle Mode
Beginning of transfer
End of transfer
Ready timer expiration

Figure 5: GMM states transitions in GPRS
Below the algorithm, which determines, if 3G-search is activated in GMM Ready state or not:
The UE in Packet Transfer Mode is in Ready state, if NETWORK_CONTROL_ORDER=
NC0, if EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION=
Enable with 3G search activated while the UE is in GMM ready state, UE perform measurements on
3G cells even during the transfer. 3G cell reselection is also possible during the transfer.
Enable with 3G search deactivated while the UE is in GMM ready state, when the UE enters Packet
Transfer Mode, it receives a PACKET MEASUREMENT ORDER message from BSS, which overwrites the
value of Qsearch_P or Qsearch_I broadcast in the SI2TER or PSI3QUATER messages by a Qsearch set to
never. 3G cell reselection will be possible when the UE leaves the Ready state.
NC2, the 3G-search is systematically deactivated when activating the NC2 mode through Packet
Measurement Order. When transfer ends, if NC2_DEACTIVATION_MODE=
NC2 deactivation at the expiry of the GMM Ready timer, no Packet Measurement order is sent at the
end of the transfer, NC0 applies when the UE leaves Ready state at the ready timer expiration, then 3G
cell reselection becomes possible.
NC2 deactivation at the end of the packet transfer, a Packet Measurement order is sent at the end of
the transfer to deactivate NC2, NC0 applies, 3G cell reselection becomes possible whatever the setting
for EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION (except Disabled). UE stays in Ready state until the ready
timer expires.
If EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION takes the value Disabled, SI2ter, PSI3quater do not broadcast 3G
cells, Packet Measurement Order does not include 3G cells. 2G to 3G reselection is not possible, except if the
UE leaves the 2G coverage and performs a cell selection procedure.
ED 02 RELEASED 003

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3.4.1 B8 BSS PARAMETERS FOR 3G CELL RESELECTION
Parameter Comment Domain Range Step Access Example
FDD_Qoffset Offset added to the received
level average of the serving
cell and of the neighbour
GSM cells for UTRAN FDD cell
re-selection.
GSM cell -32 to 28 dB
-32= - (always
select a cell if
acceptable)
1 RNO -32= -
FDD_Qmin Minimum threshold for Ec/Io
for UTRAN FDD cell re-
selection.
GSM cell -20 to -6 dB 2 RNO -12 dB
Qsearch Threshold for searching for
3G cells depending whether
the received level average of
the serving cell is below or
above the threshold.
In a cell with FDD_ARFCN_list
not empty, Qsearch =-70, i.e.
always search for 3G
neighbour cells.
GSM cell Below:
-98 to 70 dBm
-70= (always)
Above:
-78 to 50 dBm
-50= (never)
4 RNO +
NETWORK_CON
TROL_ORDER
Defines whether the UE or the
BSS controls the cell
reselections.
GSM cell 0: NC0
2: NC2 for R99
onwards UE
3: NC2 for all UE
enum RNO 0

NC2_DEACTIVATI
ON_MODE
Defines whether or not the
Packet Measurement Order
with a Reset Command is sent
at the end of a packet transfer.
GSM cell 0: NC2
deactivation at the
end of the packet
transfer, PMO is
sent
1: NC2
deactivation at the
expiry of the GMM
Ready timer, PMO
is not sent
enum RNO 0
EN_2G_TO_3G_
CELL_RESELECTI
ON
Enables/Disables the GSM to
UTRAN FDD cell reselections
and defines the 3G-search
activation mode for MS in
GMM Ready state.
GSM cell 0: Disabled
1: Enabled with
3G search
activated while the
UE is in GMM
ready state
2: Enabled with
3G search
deactivated while
the UE is in GMM
ready state
enum RNO 2
FDD_ARFCN_LIST List of neighbour FDD UTRAN
frequencies
0 = 0.0 MHz, 1 = 0.2 MHz,
... , 16383 = 3276.6 MHz.
The value of -1 indicates
that no UTRAN frequency is
provided.
BSS 0 to 3276,6 0.2
MHz
RNO 10786

FDD_Qmin is broadcast in SI2ter on BCCH and in PSI 3quater on PBCCH if there is a PBCCH allocated and
activated in the serving cell.
FDD_Qoffset is broadcast in SI2ter on BCCH (FDD_Qoffset) and in PSI 3quater on PBCCH
(FDD_GPRS_Qoffset) if there is a PBCCH allocated in the serving cell.
ED 02 RELEASED 003

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Qsearch is broadcast in SI2ter on BCCH (Qsearch_I) and in PSI 3quater on PBCCH (Qsearch_P) if there is a
PBCCH allocated and activated in the serving cell.
3.5 IMPLEMENTATION IN ALCATEL B9 BSS OF CELL RESELECTION FROM 2G TO 3G
3.5.1 ISSUES OF B8, TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN B9 AND B9 REQUIREMENTS
Issue I1: SI2TER limitations
The scheduling period of the 3G cell reselection parameters and frequencies is higher when they are
transmitted in SI2TER than when they are conveyed on SI2QUATER. Indeed, a single occurrence of an SI2TER
message can contain only one UARFCN; instead a single occurrence of an SI2QUATER message may contain a
list of UARFCN.
Requirement 1: UTRAN FDD neighbourhood information conveyed in SI2QUATER on BCCH
On BCCH, the SI2QUATER message coding is more efficient than SI2TER then it allows the MS to acquire and
to refresh more quickly its knowledge of the 3G neighbouring cells information. Then, on BCCH, the neighbour
UTRAN FDD cells shall be provided in SI2QUATER (new message). SI2QUATER message shall be sent on the
Extended BCCH if the operator has enabled the Extended BCCH, otherwise on the Normal BCCH.
Requirement 1R1 complies with R99Release 4: in R99Release 4, the 3GPP standard offers 2 ways of
broadcasting the 3G neighbour cells: either the SI2TER or SI2QUATER.
Issue I2: 3G coverage
The 3G coverage is not necessarily the same as the 2G one, it could exist areas covered by one BSS without
being covered with 3G technology.
The FDD frequencies are described at BSS level and the 2G to 3G cell reselection is enabled at BSC level. So,
FDD frequencies are broadcast on any cell managed by the BSC, even for GSM cells having no 3G
neighbouring, thus leading to waste of time for UE/MS camping on such cells. The implementation of a flag, at
GSM cell level, enabling or not the 2G to 3G cell reselection could avoid such waste of time.
In B9 there are some requirements that must be taken into account:
Requirement 2: Enabling 2G to3G cell reselection on a per GSM cell basis
The FDD frequencies defined at BSS level are broadcast (SI2TER, SI2QUATER and PSI3QUATER) only in the
GSM cells where 2G to 3G cell reselection is enabled
3.5.2 B9 FEATURES
UTRAN FDD neighbourhood information conveyed in SI2QUATER on BCCH
The SI2QUATER is sent (Requirement 1) in an Evolium serving cell if:
i) The O&M parameter EN_2G_TO_3G_CELL_RESELECTION is set to Enabled with 3G search activated while
the UE/MS is in GMM ready state or Enabled with 3G search deactivated while the UE/MS is in GMM ready
state for that cell (Requirement 2) and
ii) There is at least one UTRAN FDD neighbour frequency to describe
The SI2TER is sent in a non Evolium serving cell if:
state for that cell (Requirement 2) and
The PSI3QUATER is sent in a serving cell if:
ED 02 RELEASED 003

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state and
The SI2QUATER message (Requirement 1R1), which is sent on the BCCH, conveys:

2G-3G Cell Reselection Alcatel

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ED 02 RELEASED 003

R4 3G-2G algorithms_ed02.doc 2006-10-05 3DF 01900 3411 VAZZA 19/77

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