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DT
DS, !
(") in#in# a si#nal tells a
DT$ %e %as a si#nal
(D) DT$ a&ti'ates DT,
&orrespondin# to answer t%e p%one
(C) DT is read(
Conne&tion Setup
Figure : State diagram for RS-232C
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 11 / 18
Introduction to RS-232
State Diagram - Contd
Computer 1 Modem 1 Modem 2
Station 1 Station 2
Computer 2
Connection Setup
(1, 7)
(1, 6)
(1, 2)
(1, 0)
(1, 7)
(1, 6)
RLSD
RTS
CTS
RTS
CTS
RLSD
Figure : State diagram for RS-232C
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 12 / 18
Introduction to RS-232
State Diagram - Contd
To terminate the call:
(1, 6)
(3, 6)
(7, 6)
DTR
DSR
(7, 7)
RLSD
Figure : State diagram for RS-232C
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 13 / 18
Introduction to RS-232
Others
Timing diagram
Please refer to class notes
Connection between two DTEs (one example)
Treat each other as they are the DCEs for each other
Figure : Connection between two DTEs
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 14 / 18
Homework Assignment 2 (Hints)
Hint #1: Memoryless distribution
Future evolution of the process is independent of the past
evolution of the process.
P(T > t + s | T > t) =
P(T>t+s,T>t)
P(T>t)
= P(T > s).
It implies P(T > t + s) = P(T > t)P(t > s).
The only two distributions that satisfy this condition:
Continuous: Exponential f
X
(x) = e
x
, x [0, ).
Discrete: Geometric P(X = n) = p(1 p)
n
, n = 0, 1, 2, . . . .
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 15 / 18
Homework Assignment 2 (Hints)
Hint #2: Problem 4
Two DTEs are communicating via modems and RS-232C interfaces
over a half duplex link. Data transmission is one directional with each
message of length M. After a message is transmitted, the sender waits
for a CTS message of length n
a
before sending another message.
Assume error-free operation and the following parameter values:
R (line bit rate) = 9600 bps
M (message length) = 1000 bits (all data bits)
n
h
(overhead in each message packet) = 24 bits
n
a
(acknowledgement length) = 24 bits
t
p
(propagation time in one direction) = 1 msec
Minimum transition time between states (1,3) and (1,1) (CTS delay) is
equal to 10 msec at message transmitting end, and 20 msec at
message receiving end (CTS transmitting end). All other delays during
message transmission and reception are assumed to be negligible.
For the stated conditions, determine the effective data rate in bps.
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 16 / 18
Homework Assignment 2 (Hints)
Problem 4 Contd
H Data message
H Data message ACK
ACK
t
p
t
p
CTS
delay in
RX
CTS
delay in
TX
H Data message
H Data message
t
p
t
t
Figure : Time ow for the transmission
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 17 / 18
Homework Assignment 2 (Hints)
Problem 4 Contd
Data rate =
L
T
, where L is the number of bits sent and T is the time
duration required to sent the bits.
Effective data rate =
L
, where L
= T + delay.
Prof. Izhak Rubin (UCLA) EE 132B 2014 Fall 18 / 18