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IPE 381
Chapter:13
Measurement of Screw Thread
Abdullah-Al-Mamun
Lecturer, Dept. of IPE
Outline
Common terms
Pitch Errors
Errors in Measurement
Effective Dia Measurement
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Screw Thread
A SCREW THREAD is a ridge of uniform section in
the form of a helix on the external or internal surface of
a cylinder.
the PITCH of a thread P is the distance from a point
on the thread form to the corresponding point on the
next form, measured parallel to the axis
Elements of a Vee-form Thread
A vee-from thread is composed basically of the following elements.
Major or outside diameter
Minor or root diameter
Form, particularly flank angles
Pitch
Simple effective diameter
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Screw Thread
Screw Thread
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Lead & Pitch
LEAD =2P
LEAD =1P
LEAD =3P
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Errors in Measurement
There are at least five important elements which require consideration:
Major diameter
Minor diameter
Effective diameter
Pitch and angle of the thread form
Errors on the major and minor diameters will cause interference
with the mating thread
Errors on the effective diameter will also result in weakening of the
assembly
pitch and angle errors are also not desirable as they cause a
progressive tightening and interference on assembly
Errors in Measurement
Drunken Thread: Thread drunkenness is
a particular case of a periodic pitch error
recurring at intervals of one pitch
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Progressive Pitch Error:
This error occurs when the
tool work velocity ratio is
incorrect though it may be
constant.
Periodic Pitch Error: This
type of error occurs when the
tool work velocity ratio is not
constant.
Pitch Errors in Screw Threads
Irregular Errors
These arise from disturbances in the machining set-up, variations in
the cutting properties of material etc
Erratic Pitch. This is the irregular error in pitch and varies irregularly
in magnitude over different lengths of thread.
Progressive Error. When the pitch of a screw is uniform, but is
shorter or longer than its nominal value, it is said to have
progressive error.
Periodic Error. If the errors vary in magnitude and recur at regular
intervals, when measured from thread to thread along the screw are
referred to as periodic errors.
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Effect of Pitch Errors
An error in pitch virtually increases the effective
diameter of a bolt or screw and decreases the
effective diameter of a nut.
Error in Flank angle also increases the effective
diameter of Screw.
Let us consider, p as the error in pitch and
1
and
2
are error in flank angle .
Effect of Flank Angle Errors
Nut of perfect form mating with a screw having a flank angle error on one
flank only.
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B
C A

For Flank Error

1
and
2
the Correction factor =CP(
1
+
2
)
For Whithworth Thread, C=0.0105 and
=55 so, cot(55/2)=1.921
So,
Virtual Effective Diameter = Simple Effective
Diameter + 1.921P +0.0105P(
1
+
2
)
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Measurement of Major Dia
bench micrometer is used to measure Major Diameter
D
c
=Calibrated diameter of the setting cylinder
R
c
= Micrometer reading on setting cylinder
R
t
=Micrometer reading on thread
Then, Major Diameter = D
c
+(R
t
-R
c
)
Effective Dia Measurement
(i) Thread micrometer
method.
(ii) One wire and two
wire method.
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Two Wire Method
From the Fig-14, E
d
=T+2x
In the ABC , AB=BC cot
But, BC=pitch=P
Therefore, AB= P cot
In the ADE ,
Now, x =AB-AF and AF =AE EF =AE - d/2
Therefore,
where,
P=Nominal Pitch; D=Wire Diameter; =Flank Angle
ec
d
ec DE AE cos
2
cos = =
) 1 (cos
2
= ec
d
AF
) 1 (cos
2
cot
4
= ec
d P
x
B
C
A
E
D
A
Two Wire Method
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Matrix Pitch Measuring Machine
Three Wire Method
The wires are placed in the threads
and a micrometer is used to measure
over the top of the wires.
M =E - 0.86603P +3W
M = the measurement over the wires
E = the pitch diameter
P = the pitch or (1/TPI)
W= the wire size
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Best Size Wire
This wire is of such diameter that it makes
contact with the flanks of the thread on the
effective diameter or pitch line.
Worked Example:
Problem 13.1: Derive an expression for
Best Size Wire
Thank You