Q: For a laminar flow (NRe<2100) in steel pipe, the optimum inside pipe diameter is given by

A: Di, opt=3 Q 0.36 ? 0.18

Q: In a pressure vessel containing multiple openings of various dimensions at different parts, stress
concentration at the edges of the opening is maximum which becomes negligibly small beyond the area
covered by ___ times the hole diameter.
A: two

Q: To avoid the tearing off the plate of an edge, the margin (i.e., the minimum distance from the center
of the rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate) should be equal to
A: 1.5d

Q: Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the design of the bubble cap tray of a distillation column
to give stable operation and even vapor distribution.
i. The dimensionless ratio of liquid gradient to pressure drop head caused by the bubble
cap assembly should be less than 0.4
ii. The pressure drop due to the caps and slots and the static submergence should be as
high as practicable for reasonable operation.
iii. Tendency towards stable operation is increased by increasing the skirt clearance of the
caps, lowering the rate of liquid flow per unit plate width or increasing the spacing
between the caps.
A: none of these

Q: The ratio of lateral strain to linear strain is termed as the
A: modulus of elasticity? Bulk modulus? Poissons ratio?

Q: Hazards associated with the relief valve leakage for extremely hazardous material storage can be
taken care of by providing
A: rupture diaphragm? Dikes? None of these?

Q: Circumferential (hoop) stress in a thin cylindrical vessel under internal pressure is ___ the longitudinal
stress
A: twice

Q: The longitudinal stress induced in a thin cylindrical vessel under internal pressure is
A: pd/4t

Q: The ratio of linear tress to linear strain is termed as the
A: modulus of rigidity? Elasticity?

Q: Vertical storage vessels are never supported by ___ support.
A: saddle

Q: Elastic failure of a material occurs, when the tensile stress equals yield strength, yield point of the
elastic limit. Also, the elastic failure occurs according to maximum strain theory, when the maximum
tensile strain equals (where =yield strength and E=modulus of elasticity)
A: /E

Q: Le/D for a Tee (used as elbow, entering run) would be around
A: 200? 60? 5?

Q: Practical dividing line between a ductile and brittle materials is suggested, when the ultimate
elongation is about 5%. Generally larger the knuckle radius, stronger is the corner torus section of a
head. The knuckle radius provided should be less than ___ of the head.
A: either 6% of I.D. or 3x thickness, whichever is larger

Q: For a cylindrical shell, (subject to the thickness of uppermost course being more than the minimum
for diameter of the tank in question), the thickness of the courses of shell ____ depending upon
whether vacuum or positive pressure would be maintained inside the shell.
A: decreases upwards

Q: Wind load consideration in the design of a support can be neglected when the vessel is
A: short and housed indoor

Q: Flanges are connected to pipes by
A: welding, screwing, brazing

Q: A cylindrical storage tank can have a self-supported conical roof
A: if its diameter is less than 15-20 meters

Q: For a given fluid, as the pipe diameter increases, the pumping cost
A: remains unaffected? Decrease? May increase or decrease depending upon wheter the fluid is
Newtonian or non-Newtonian?

Q: Point A on the figure represents the
A: elastic limit

Q: The ends of a cylindrical vessel can be closed by a head, which can be one of the four shapes. Fr the
same thickness, choose the one which can withstand the highest pressure.
A: tori?ellip?flat?

Q: For a 25 mm hole drilled in plates to be riveted, the shank diameter of the rivet should be ___ mm
A: 23? 27?

Q: The minimum shank thickness for a tank = 15 meters diameter is limited to ___ mm, for reasons of
elastic stability
A: 5

Q: Scale up problem in design based on the similarity concept takes into account ___ similarity
A: dynamic, geometrical, kinematic

Q: Friction factor for turbulent flow in a new pipe is given by
A: f=0.04/(Re)^o.16? 25/Re? f=0.22 Re^0.5?

Q: Diameter of rivet hole (d, mm) and the plate thickness (t, mm) are related by Unwins formula as
A: d=1.6t
Q: The distance between the center of a rivet hole to the nearest edge of the plate is called
A: margin

Q: The operating velocity in the absorption tower is usually 40-50% of the flooding velocity. Packed
absorption towers are normally designed for a pressure drop of about ___ mm of water column per
meter height of packing.
A: 20-40

Q: Cylindrical pressure vessels in horizontal condition is generally supported on a ___ support
A: saddle

Q: For high pressure process equipment/vessels, the connected nozzle should be
A: flanged

Q: Which of the ff is the best tube material from thermal conductivity point of alone?
A: copper

Q: In case of plain carbon steel, butt welded joints are used for shell plate thickness = ___ cm
A: 3.6? 6.8? 0.5?

Q: Safety valves are provided in chemical equipment to guard against excessive
A: pressure/ pressure fluctuation

Q: Accidents in chemical plants are mostly due to
A: faulty operating procedures

Q: For a cylindrical vessel of moderate height, the weld joint efficiency for joints parallel to the
cylindrical axis is given as 1.0, while joints along the girth (circumference) it is given as 0.8. In
calculating the shell wall thickness using code formula for an internally pressurized cylindrical vessel,
what value of weld joint efficiency should be used?
A: 0.9? 0.8?

Q: The necessary wall thickness for a metallic storage vessel is a function of the
A: operating pressure and welding efficiency, diameter of the vessel, ultimate tensile strength (or yield
point) of the material and operating temperature

Q: Removable connection of tubes to tube sheet is called
A: ferrule

Q: Poissons ratio of a material is the ratio of unit lateral strain to the unit axial elongation within its
elastic limit. The value of Poissons ratio for structural and pressure vessel steel may be taken as
A: 0.3

Q: The type of stress developed in a metallic bar on subjecting it to a change in temperature without
allowing it to be deformed is ___ stress
A: thermal

Q: A shell may be termed as thin if its thickness to diameter is less than 0.1. The factor which can be
neglected in the calculation of membrane stresses is
A: bending

Q: A cylindrical pressure vessel of volume 6(pi)m3 has to be designed to withstand a maximum internal
pressure of 10 atm. The allowable stress design stress of the material is 125N/mm2 and corrosion
allowance is 2mm. The thickness of the vessel for a length/ diameter ratio of 3 will be closed to
A: 10mm

Q: Fresh water carrying pipelines in chemical industries are colored with ___ color
A: sea green

Q: Pick out the wrong statement
A: Flat head covers are most suitable for larger vessels operating at very high pressure

Q: Saddle supports are used for supporting ___ vessels
A: horizontal cylindrical

Q: Shortest distance between two tubes is
A: called tube clearance

Q: For a cylindrical internally pressurized vessel, which of the following closure types would withstand
highest pressure, if each closure is of the same material and thickness?
A: flat plate? Conical? Ellipsoidal (2:1)?

Q: Generally no corrosion allowance in wall thickness of a part is required if the thickness is more than
___ mm
A: 30

Q: Column support for the roof of cylindrical storage tank must be provided for
A: large diameter tanks

Q: Of the pressure vessels with the same thickness but different diameters which one withstands
higher pressure?
A: smaller diameter vessel? Strength of the vessel is same irrespective of the diameter?

Q: ____ shaped roof is the most commonly used roof for cylindrical storage tanks for solids
A: conical

Q: Lug support is meant for supporting ___ vessels
A: small

Q: Movement of pipeline caused by thermal expansion is taken care by providing
A: expansion joint, changes in its direction, change in the shape of pipeline

Q: Generally, elliptical dished heads
i. Are approximately as strong as seamless cylindrical shell having the corresponding I.D
and O.D.
ii. Are manufactured on 2:1 ratio of major to minor axis and is recommended to be used
for the pressure vessels operating above a pressure of 1.5 MN/m2
iii. Resist half the pressure rating compared to hemi spherical head provided on the
cylindrical shell of the same thickness and diameter
A: all choices

Q: In a ____ riveted joint, the rivets in the various rows are opposite to each other
A: zig-zag

Q: The main purpose of providing stepping in the trays is to
A: increase the residence time? Improve the flow condition? Facilitate handling of large flow rate of
liquid?

Q: Apex angle of conical heads used in the bottom heads of chemical process equipment is usually
A: 60

Q: Any shell opening greater than 5cms for a storage tank must be reinforced for reasons of
A: preventing the local overstressing of the shell around the opening

Q: Corrosion allowance in the design of pressure vessel/chemical equipment is not necessary if
A: both; 30mm and made of alloy steel

Q: Normal screwed fittings are used for pipes up to a diameter of ___ inches
A: 1.5? 3?

Q: Most of the storage vessels/tanks are made cylindrical because of the fact that a clylinder
A: has both strength and ease of fabrication

Q: For storing hazardous chemicals in large storage tanks, the minimum safe distance between the
two tanks should range between ___ times the tank diameter.
A: 1 to 1.5? 6 to 8?

Q: Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to the comparative evaluation of performance of the packed
tower and the plate tower
A: The total weight of a dry plate tower is usually much more than that of a dry packed tower designed
for the same duty

Q: Pressure drop due to pipe fittings can be estimated by the equation

where
Le=equivalent length of straight pipeline which will incur the same frictional losses as the fitting and
D=diameter of the fitting. The value of Le/D (dimensionless) for 45 elbow and 180 close return bends
would be respectively around
A: 45 and 75

Q: In a ___ riveted joint, the number of rivets decreases from the innermost row to the outermost row.
A: diamond

Q: The function of manholes provided in the shell of a distillation column is to
i. keep a check on the liquid gradient over the plate by direct visual observation
ii. Guard against foaming and entrainment by dumping antifoaming agent throught it
iii. Give access to the individual trays for cleaning maintenance and installation
A:

Q: Le/D for fully open globe valve may be around
A: 300

Q: Compensation against openings in process vessels for giving inlet and outlet connections for
providing sight glasses and manholes etc. is provided for strength and rigidity. The most efficient type of
compensation is of ___ type
A: nozzle or rim

Q: Needle valves are generally not used for
A: very large diameter pipes

Q: The ratio of tube length to shell diameter in case of liquid shell and tube heat exchanger ranges from
A: 4 to 8

Q: In case of a thin pressure vessel the ratio of its diameter to wall thickness is
A: >10? 30? <10?

Q: Pick out the wrong statement: In an agitated vertical cylindrical reaction vessel, the
A: Dished bottom vessel has very high power consumption

Q: A stuffing box is used for
A: prevention of fluid leakage around moving parts

Q: A rupture disc is provided in chemical equipment as an accessory meant for
A: relieving excess pressure

Q: The units of Youngs modulus of elasticity and ___ are the same
A: strain? Stress? None of these?

Q: Normally, the plate thickness of the bottoms and roofs of vertically cylindrical storage vessels as
compared to that of the cylindrical shell is ___ depending upon the pressure and temperature inside
the vessel and the nature of the fluid contained therein.
A: less? More? More or less?

Q: A certain pressure vessel manufacturer avoids doing reinforcements calculations for openings by
always providing a reinforcing pad extending up to double the diameter of the opening and of the
same material and thickness as that of the shell wall. If area compensation is accepted as a code
guideline, his approach leads to safe design. Select one:
A: only if the opening is on a vertical cylindrical vessel? Irrespective of the shape of the vessel? Only if
the opening is on spherical vessel?

Q: Tube wall thickness depends on the corrosiveness of the fluids and their operating pressure and
temperature and is specified by Birmingham Wire Gauge- a number which varies from 8 to 18 with the
numbers 14 and 16 being more commonly used. Outside diameter of tubes varies from about 15 to 50
mm however a tube of less than ___ mm outside is generally not recommended for fouling fluids
A: 19? 38?

Q: A/an ___ is used for changing the direction of a pipeline.
A: Elbow

Q: Pick out wrong statement
A: Flat heads are most suitable for larger vessels operating at very high pressure

Q: Tubes are fixed to the tube sheet (a thick circular metallic plate) by the method of tube rolling and
brazing (non-removable) or ferrule connection (removable). Thickness of the tube sheet is normally ___
the outside diameter of the tube but in no case it should be less than 22mm(7/8)
A: equal to

Q: The safe height (h) to diameter (d) (i.e. h/d) for liquid/petro fuel storage tank of capacity more
than 45 kL is less than
A: 3.5? 2? 1?

Q: In a thin cylindrical shell, the hoop stress is the ___ stress
A: circumferential tensile

Q: The force due to wind load acting on a tall vessel depends upon its
A: height, shape, outside diameter

Q: Pick out the wrong statement:
A: The joint made by overlapping of one plate over the other and then riveting the two plates together
with two rows of rivets is called double riveted but joint

Q: Seamless pipe is made
A:

Q: ___ head is the most economical for cylindrical vessels designed for operating at high pressure
(>15atm)
A: conical? Ellipsoidal? Dished?

Q: Spherical shaped pressure vessel is considered to be the most ideal because it can
A: be designed without wind load considerations? Withstand higher pressure for a given metallic shell
thickness? Be supported very easily?

Q: Large process vessels operating under extreme temperature and pressure conditions are normally
clad/lined with materials like stainless steels, aluminum, nickel and its alloys, copper and its alloys and
titanium. The cladding thickness is generally about ___ percent of the total thickness.
A: 10 to 20

Q: Pick out the wrong statement
i. the compressive strength of a ductile material is less than its tensile strength
ii. the tensile strength of a brittle material is less than its compressive strength
iii. the value of crushing load is more than that of buckling load for long columns