Introduction of Cylinder

A cylinder (from Greek kulindros, "roller, tumbler"

[1]
)
is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes, the surface formed by
the points at a fixed distance from a given line segment, the axis of the
cylinder. The solid enclosed by this surface and by two planes perpendicular
to the axis is also called a cylinder. The surface area and the volume of a
cylinder have been known since deep antiquity.

In differential geometry, a cylinder is defined more broadly as
any ruled surface spanned by a one-parameter family of parallel lines. A
cylinder whose cross section is an ellipse, parabola, or hyperbola is called
an elliptic cylinder, parabolic cylinder, or hyperbolic cylinder respectively.

The open cylinder is topologically equivalent to both the
open annulus and the punctured plane.


In common use a cylinder is taken to mean a finite section of
a right circular cylinder, i.e., the cylinder with the generating lines
perpendicular to the bases, with its ends closed to form two circular
surfaces, as in the figure (right). If the cylinder has a radius r and length
(height) h, then its volume is given by

V = r
2
h

and its surface area is:
the area of the top (r
2
) +
the area of the bottom (r
2
) +
the area of the side (2rh).

Therefore without the top or bottom (lateral area), the surface area is:

A = 2rh.

With the top and bottom, the surface area is:

A = 2r
2
+ 2rh = 2r(r + h) = d(r + h),

where d is the diameter.
For a given volume, the cylinder with the smallest surface area
has h = 2r. For a given surface area, the cylinder with the largest
volume has h = 2r, i.e. the cylinder fits snugly in a cube
(height = diameter).
Volume
Having a right circular cylinder with a height h units and a base
of radius r units with the coordinate axes chosen so that the origin is at
the center of one base and the height is measured along the positive x-
axis. A plane section at a distance of x units from the origin has an area
of A(x) square units where


or


An element of volume, is a right cylinder of base area Aw
i
square units
and a thickness of
i
x units. Thus if V cubic units is the volume of the
right circular cylinder, by Riemann sums,





Using cylindrical coordinates, the volume can be calculated by
integration over

=

Introduction of Radius
In classical geometry, the radius of a circle or sphere is the
length of a line segment from its center to its perimeter. The name
comes from Latin radius, meaning "ray" but also the spoke of a chariot
wheel. The plural of radius can be either radii (from the Latin plural) or
the conventional English plural radiuses. The typical abbreviation
and mathematic variable name for "radius" is r. By extension,
the diameter d is defined as twice the radius :



If the object does not have an obvious center, the term may
refer to its circumradius, the radius of its circumscribed circle or
circumscribed sphere. In either case, the radius may be more than half
the diameter, which is usually defined as the maximum distance between
any two points of the figure. The in radius of a geometric figure is
usually the radius of the largest circle or sphere contained in it. The
inner radius of a ring, tube or other hollow object is the radius of its
cavity.



For regular polygons, the radius is the same as its
circumradius. The inradius of a regular polygon is also called apothem.
In graph theory, the radius of a graph is the minimum over all
vertices u of the maximum distance from u to any other vertex of the
graph.

The radius of the circle with perimeter (circumference) C is



Calculate Volume of Cylinder by using Radius