Type Public limited company

Traded as Euronext: BELG

(https://europeanequities.nyx.com
/en/search_instruments
/BELG?type=Stock)
Industry Telecommunications
Founded 1930 (as RTT)
Headquarters Brussels, Belgium
Key people Dominique Leroy (CEO), Stefaan
De Clerck (Chairman)
Products Fixed line and mobile telephony,
internet, digital television, IT
services
Revenue
6.552 billion (2013)
[1]
Operating
income
917 million (2013)
[1]
Profit
630 million (2013)
[1]
Total assets
8.417 billion (end 2013)
[1]
Total equity
2.846 billion (end 2013)
[1]
Employees
15,699 (FTE, end 2013)
[1]
Subsidiaries BICS, Scarlet, Skynet, Tango.
Website www.belgacom.com
(http://www.belgacom.com)
Belgacom Group
Belgacom
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Belgacom Group is the largest telecommunications
company in Belgium, headquartered in Brussels.
[2]
Belgacom Group is primarily state owned, with the
Belgian state holding 53.3% + 1 share. Belgacom Group
offerings include fixed line communication through the
Belgacom brand, mobile communications through the
Proximus brand and ICT services to the professional
market under the Telindus brand.
The main legal entity of Belgacom Group is Belgacom
NV/SA, which following integration in 2010 includes the
mobile activities of former subsidiary Proximus
(Belgacom Mobile) and the ICT services of former
subsidiary Telindus (Belgacom ICT). Subsidiaries include
Belgacom International Carrier Services, Skynet, Tango,
and Scarlet.
Contents
1 History
1.1 The start of telephony in Belgium
1.2 After World War I: the shift to an
autonomous public-sector company
1.3 Inclusion of the RTT in the state
industrial policy
1.4 From a leading-edge company to crisis:
the RTT in the post-war period
1.5 The 1990s: the Belgacom law and the
evolution of the sector under European
influence
1.6 From 2005 to 2010: consolidation,
convergence and first bundled offers
2 Main companies and activities of the group
2.1 Belgacom NV/SA
2.2 Proximus (Belgacom Mobile)
2.3 Telindus (Belgacom ICT)
2.4 Scarlet
2.5 Skynet
2.6 Tango
3 Other companies and activities within the group
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3.1 PingPing
3.2 Euremis
3.3 Belgacom TV
4 Group structure
4.1 Consumer Business Unit (CBU)
4.2 Enterprise Business Unit (EBU)
4.3 Service Delivery Engine & Wholesale
(SDE&W)
4.4 Staff and Support (S&S)
4.5 BICS (Belgacom International Carrier
Services)
4.5.1 History of BICS
4.5.2 BICS's coverage
4.5.3 Products and technologies
4.5.4 BICS portals
5 Shareholding structure
6 Financial data
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
History
The start of telephony in Belgium
In 1879, the Belgian telegraph service installed a telephone line at the Parliament. That same year, several
private contractors submitted requests to operate the telephone networks in various Belgian cities. The lack
of legislation during the first few years of operation reduced the telephone networks chances of developing.
It also forced the Belgian authorities to develop a legislative framework to regulate the operation of
telephony in Belgium.
In 1896, the whole telephony sector passed into the hands of a public company.
In 1913, a large portion of Belgium was accessible by telephone. Although the number of subscribers was
still small, the majority of railway stations, post offices and telegraphs were equipped with public telephone
booths.
After World War I: the shift to an autonomous public-sector company
World War I had caused a complete and utter suspension of telecommunications in Belgium. One of the
reasons for this was the financial dependency of the public company. The damage caused during the war and
the dismantling of parts of the networks meant that colossal investments were needed to manage the
telegraphs and telephones.
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The national telegraph and telephone company (Rgie des Tlgraphes et Tlphones, RTT) was set up on
19 July 1930. The public-sector company thus became autonomous: it was no longer dependent on annual
State budgets and was authorized to carry out its own management.
Inclusion of the RTT in the state industrial policy
When the RTT was created, huge sums were invested in the Belgian telephone network. More and more
sectors of society now had access to telephony. At the same time, another development was unfolding that
would quickly entail a major expense for the company.
During the economic crisis of the 1930s, the State would involve the RTT in its industrial and employment
policy. In an attempt to reduce the high unemployment rate in the sector the State forced the entire Belgian
telephone network to become automated. This development strongly restricted the autonomy of the RTT.
Although the law of 1930 explicitly stated that the company could draw up and implement an investment
plan in an autonomous manner, by imposing its employment policy, the State was going against the basic
principle of the law. After the war, this would soon become a structural problem for the RTT.
From a leading-edge company to crisis: the RTT in the post-war period
After World War II, the RTT was faced with considerable damage and the dismantling of part of its
networks. To give a quick boost to the sector, the State decided to intervene financially.
During this period, the demand for telecommunication services increased at an alarming rate. The number of
subscribers quickly rose from approximately 350,000 in 1946 to 522,000 in 1951 and 1,049,000 in 1965.
This growth in the customer base led to a very high rate of investment. Thanks to this, towards the end of
the 1960s, the RTT found itself at the forefront of social and technological development.
But this expansionist approach had a negative side. From the late 1960s, the losses began to accumulate.
And the global economic crisis in 1973 did not help matters: the companys financial situation only
worsened. This situation would lead the RTT to carry out major reorganization programs during the
mid-1970s.
During the 1980s, it became clear that the telecommunications sector would become one of the key
development poles at the end of the 20th century. Thus, in 1981, the RTT management began a major
reorganization to solve certain structural problems within the company.
During that period, another player entered the scene. In 1987, the European Commission published its Green
Paper on telecommunications, which focused on liberalization.
The 1990s: the Belgacom law and the evolution of the sector under European influence
The Green Paper of 1987 was incorporated into the Belgian law of 21 March 1991, which created a new
type of public-sector company with greater management autonomy. The Belgian telecommunications sector
was thus reorganized and saw the creation of Belgacom, an autonomous public-sector company. This law
aims to create an environment that is favorable to the competitive development of the telecommunications
market in Belgium. From now on, a management contract had to define the prerogatives of the company and
the public authorities in order to guarantee the offer of a certain number of general utility public services and
a wider management autonomy than that provided for in the law of 1930.
In 1994, the European convergence process began to accelerate. In a new Green Paper, the European
Commission declared that the operation of the networks and telephony must also be open to competition.
1994 was also the year in which Belgacom founded Proximus, Belgiums first mobile network.
On 1 July 1994, this activity, as well as the old analog Mob2 system, was transferred to a subsidiary,
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Belgacom Mobile, with the following shareholding: 75% Belgacom 25% Air Touch, then Vodafone in
1999.
At the same time, Belgacom faced competition by forming partnerships with Ameritech, Tele Danmark and
Singapore Telecom. Various Belgian financial institutions responded by forming a consortium, which was
called ADSB. The Belgian State holds 50.1% of the shares and therefore remains the main shareholder.
The BeST plan, which was mainly aimed at restructuring the company and dividing it into four business
units, was implemented in 2001. Belgacom also disposed of certain activities such as Belgacom France,
Ben, its security activities as well as the French activities of Infosources.
The human dimension of the BeST plan was implemented in the course of 2002. The company, which
employed too many staff at the time, had many reasons for adopting this plan: voluntary offers for departure,
part-time work and reconversion were proposed to a large portion of the staff.
In an increasingly open market, in which competition is more aggressive by the day, Belgacom decided to
bet on the future by radically changing its image in 2003. A change of logo, colors and the promise to be
closer to its customers were the bases on which the former RTT began to work.
These radical changes in the companys philosophy were followed by the operators initial public offering.
On 22 March 2004, Belgacom was listed for the first time on the Euronext stock market. The Belgian State
remains the majority shareholder with 50% + 1 of all shares, while the ADSB consortium sold all its shares.
This enabled the Belgian incumbent operator to free considerable sums to finance its objectives. Indeed, the
time has come for broadband, and the funding of the Broadway project (to cover the whole Belgian territory
with fiber optic cables) requires huge investments.
2004 was also the year in which the incumbent operator carried out its first digital TV tests with a view to
finding new sources of income in an increasingly competitive market.
From 2005 to 2010: consolidation, convergence and first bundled offers
2005 was marked by two important events for Belgacom: the launch of Belgacom TV and the takeover bid
on Telindus. The first signs of digital TV in Belgium appeared in 2004, when Belgacom started its first
digital TV tests in a few hundred homes. In May 2005, the Belgian operator took the market by surprise
when it acquired the rights to broadcast professional Belgian football (D1 & D2) for the next three seasons
through its subsidiary Skynet iMotions Activities.
This step anticipated the imminent launch of Belgacom TV in June 2005. This digital TV offer via ADSL
was the first of its kind in Belgium and transformed Belgacom into a quadruple player, offering fixed
telephony, mobile telephony, high-speed Internet as well as television. It also enabled the Belgian company
to secure new sources of income, given that the profit margins on its traditional activities are becoming
increasingly reduced.
2005 was also the year of the takeover bid on Telindus, a leader in the network integration sector. An initial
bid, considered hostile by the Telindus management, was made in September. This marked the start of a
stock-market saga that would go on for almost four months. Tensions were high between the two companies,
and the different stakeholders fought it out in the press. After a counter bid launched by France Tlcom,
Belgacom eventually carried the day, arriving at a conditional partnership agreement with Telindus in late
December. Belgacom had responded by increasing its bid for Telindus, which enabled the conditional
partnership agreement to be reached.
In August 2006 Belgacom the acquisition of Vodafones 25% share in Proximus, giving the firm a wholly
owned quadruple play offering.
[3]
The firm subsequently launched its first bundled offers between
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Belgacom and Proximus.
At the end of March 2009, the company had more than 555,000 Belgacom TV customers. The coverage rate
of digital television increased to 80% of the population.
On 26 June 2008, Belgacom announced an agreement to acquire Tele2's Luxembourg division (including the
Tango cellular network in Luxembourg and Liechtenstein).
[4]
Later the same year Belgacom completed the
acquisition of broadband provider Scarlet for 175 million. The Belgian competition authority allowed the
deal to go ahead after Belgacom agreed to some divestments, including Scarlet's fibre network.
[5]
On 4 January 2010, Belgacom Group completes the full integration of its subsidiaries Belgacom Mobile
SA/Proximus, Telindus NV, Telindus Sourcing SA, the activities of Belgacom Skynet SA and the Belgian
activities of Telindus Group NV into Belgacom SA to form one legal entity. The other subsidiaries remain
separate legal entities.
On 4 September 2010, Didier Bellens announced the future launch of a second platform (called 'platform n
2' for the time being) next to Belgacom TV.
[6][7]
This platform will focus on interactivity and online gaming
services.
Material from whistleblower Edward Snowden's leak in 2013 indicated that the British intelligence service
GCHQ directed a cyber attack against the computer network of Belgacom.
[8]
Main companies and activities of the group
Belgacom NV/SA
The Belgacom brand was established in 1992, following the dissolution of the RTT. As
the company changed its articles of association several times to comply with national and European legal
provisions, its logo changed with it. The very first logo, with the inverted orange arrows, was replaced by a
more "human" logo. On 4 January 2010, Belgacom NV/SA absorbed the activities of mobile operator
Proximus and ICT services provider Telindus, thus ending their existence as subsidiaries.
Proximus (Belgacom Mobile)
The Proximus brand was created in 1994, following the launch of the first mobile network. In 2005, an
Interbrand study
[9]
found Proximus to be the second brand in Belgium.
Proximus offers a wide line of products and mobile telecommunications services to its residential and
professional customers, therefore having the largest HSDPA coverage in Belgium.
[10]
In 2010, Belgacom
ended the existence of Belgacom Mobile as a separate legal entity and absorbed all of its activities into
Belgacom SA.
Telindus (Belgacom ICT)
Telindus-Belgacom ICT was created in June 2006, following the purchase of Telindus by Belgacom. Since
then, the ICT activities of the Belgacom Group have been offered under the Telindus brand, which
accordingly changed its logo and brand style. The new Telindus brand was inspired by the changes Telindus
has undergone since it was first founded, i.e. from being a technology supplier to a solution, integrator and
sourcing partner. In 2010, Belgacom ended the existence of Telindus as a separate legal entity and absorbed
all of its activities into Belgacom SA.
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Scarlet
Scarlet was founded in the Netherlands in 1992. The brand aims to offer its customers basic low-cost
products in the areas of fixed and mobile telephony and the internet.
Skynet
Skynet was founded in 1995. At the time, it was one of the first commercial Internet providers in Belgium.
From 2005, following Belgacom's takeover of the Group's Internet activities, the Skynet brand continued to
exist but only in association with the Group's Web content activities.
Tango
Tango is the company under which the Belgacom Group markets its offers in Luxembourg and
Liechtenstein. The company, which was launched in 1998, has become the second-largest mobile player on
the Luxembourg market.
[11]
Other companies and activities within the group
PingPing
PingPing is the neutral, independent brand of Mobile-for grouping all the mobile micropayment activities.
Euremis
The Euremis brand represents the experience of Belgacom Group in CRM mobile solutions. Under the
Euremis brand, Belgacom offers mobile customer management solutions to sales staff in the FMCG (Fast
Moving Consumer Goods) and pharmaceutical sectors. Euremis was founded as an independent company in
2002 and acquired in September 2006 by Proximus. On 23 August 2010 Belgacom Group announced to end
the existence of Euremis as a separate legal entity and fully absorb its activities into Belgacom SA, as of 1
October 2010.
Belgacom TV
Belgacom TV is the brand of the digital TV offer in Belgium, launched by Belgacom in the summer of
2005. It was the first offer of its kind in the country. Belgacom TV currently holds 18% market share of
digital TV in Belgium.
[12]
In the Summer of 2011, Belgacom launched a new service called 'TV Overal' (in
Dutch) or 'TV Partout' (in French). People can download this free application from the Android Market or
the AppStore. It lets you watch TV on your Smartphone or Tablet over a mobile network connection (with 1
hour free per day for Belgacom Internet Everywhere customers) or over a WiFi connection.
[13]
Group structure
In 2007, the Belgacom Group reviewed the entire organisation and created a new operating structure based
on 4 pillars:
The Consumer Business Unit (CBU)
The Enterprise Business Unit (EBU)
The Service and Delivery Engine Unit & Wholesale (SDE&W)
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The Staff and Support Unit
Alongside, BICS, a joint venture between Belgacom, Swisscom Fixnet and MTN Group, is responsible for
international carrier activities.
Consumer Business Unit (CBU)
The Consumer Business Unit markets voice products and services, internet and television, both on fixed and
mobile networks, for residential clients.
Enterprise Business Unit (EBU)
The Enterprise Business Unit meets the ICT needs of professional clients.
Service Delivery Engine & Wholesale (SDE&W)
Service Delivery Engine and Wholesale (SDE&W) groups together the network and IT services. Its
wholesale activity offers telecommunications services to other operators and suppliers on the Belgian
market.
Staff and Support (S&S)
This unit brings together all the horizontal functions that support the Groups activities.
BICS (Belgacom International Carrier Services)
BICS (Belgacom International Carrier Services) operates in the telecommunication industry as a subsidiary
of Belgacom SA, and provides wholesale carrier services to wireline and wireless operators, and service
providers globally. The company was founded in 2005 and is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium with sales
offices worldwide including Dubai, Singapore, Bern and New York. BICS provides voice, connectivity,
messaging, roaming and mobile financial services to over 700 fixed and wireless carriers and service
providers, including more than 400 mobile operators. In 2012 BICS processed 28 billion minutes and
generated revenues for 1,65 Billion Euro.
[14]
History of BICS
1997, Belgacom created its business unit Belgacom ICS (International Carrier Services). Later, in the
early years 2000, the Belgacom Group deliberately separated the financial reporting of its
International Carrier Services to increase financial transparency and accountability.
January 2005, the international carrier activities were transferred into a wholly owned subsidiary:
BICS SA (Belgacom International Carrier Services SA).
July 2005, Belgacom SA and Swisscom agreed to consolidate their international carrier businesses
into a joint venture company, Belgacom International Carrier Services SA (BICS). In this JV
Belgacom spun off all the existing international telecommunications carrier services activities and
related assets previously run within the Belgacom Carrier & Wholesales business unit. As a result of
this transaction, Swisscom and Belgacom assumed joint control over Belgacom International Carrier
Services SA (BICS) with respectively 72% and 28% shares.
[15]
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June 2009, Belgacom International Carrier Services (BICS) announced an agreement with South
Africas MTN Group to combine international carrier services. Under the terms of the deal MTN took
an equity stake in BICS in return for merging the assets of its own international wholesale subsidiary
MTN ICS. Since then BICS operate as MTNs official international gateway for carrier services
globally. Post implementation of the transaction, BICS shares distribution becomes the following:
Belgacom own 57.6% of BICS, Swisscom 22.4% and MTN 20.0%.
[16][17]
BICS's coverage
BICS owns and operates a high capacity MPLS enabled global network based on a wholly owned and
operated 100Gbit/s capable DWDM network in the Netherlands, France, Germany, Italy, Switzerland,
Luxemburg, UK and Belgium augmented with leased capacity and submarine cable assets to serve the
global footprint. BICS' international network includes over 500 direct connections in 160+ countries,
[18]
capacity on 75 submarine cables (including the TAT-14, SMW3, FLAG, Yellow and SAT-3) with 200
landing points, participation in the Intelsat and Eutelsat satellite systems, and over 300 bilateral agreements
with other operators. To secure capacity between Europe and Asia for future requirements. To add physical
redundancy, in 2008 BICS invested in the EIG (Europe India Gateway) cable system through their partner
Omantel.
[19]
BICS fully own Teleport in La Ciotat with a large allowed Leased Spectrum (765E to 315W).
For mobile data, BICS operates its own signalling, SMS, MMS and GRX platforms, which connect up to
400 mobile networks across the globe. Peering connections have been established with over 30 hubbing
providers to extend the company reach to the overall mobile community.
Products and technologies
BICS routes voice and data communications across the different networks on an international scale. The
voice and mobile data products and services are part of the Mosaic
[20]
product portfolio. The company is
evangelist of developments in new telecommunication technologies as 4G, IP, Wi-Fi, etc. In the first half of
2013 BICS announced the performance of the first intercontinental 4G roaming connection over its IPX
platform, between Europe and Asia.
[21]
BICS historically started off as a voice-only provider, but began to
diversify its offering with mobile oriented solutions in the early years 2000.
BICS mobile solutions include:
Connectivity Services: GPRS roaming, Signalling
Messaging Services: SMS Transit, MMS Transit
Roaming: single and multi IMSI solutions, Instant Roaming and OC Roaming
Mobile Financial Hubbing Services: HomeSend, an international mobile remittance service
VAS(value-added services) in both the voice and mobile data domain: SMS Firewall, Welcome SMS,
Steering of Roaming, hosted GLR, RoamGuard, RoamFast. These products optimize quality and
profitability of operators activities.
Since 2011, BICS provides IPX solutions to support the LTE evolution: IPX Access, IPX Transport, IPX
Voice, LTE Signalling BICS services are backed by a ROADM-enabled 100Gb core network in Western
Europe and an MPLS/SHD network in the rest of the world. This enables the company to offer a range of
capacity services, going from Ethernet services, over Wavelength services to IP transit services.
BICS portals
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BICS Customer Service Portal (www.mybics.com)
BICS Mobile Financial Services (www.homesend.com)
BICS Voice Self Services (www.easyconnect.com)
Shareholding structure
Situation as of 31 January 2011:
[22]
Belgian state: 53.51%
Belgacom NV/SA: 4.89%
Floating shares on the stock market: 41.59%
Financial data
Financial data in millions of euros:
Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Total revenue before non-recurring items 5540 5458 6100 6065 5978 5990 6603 6406 6462 6318
Net income 922 959 973 958 800 904 1266 756 712 630
See also
Belgacom Towers
European Competitive Telecommunications Association
John J. Goossens
Bessel Kok
References
^
a

b

c

d

e

f
"Annual Report 2013" (http://www.belgacom.com/assets/content/mbimport/77AD95C5-AB28-45B6-
AFA8-B1A718181DB8?transformationID=mbConnector&contentType=content/media-internal). Belgacom.
Retrieved 7 April 2014.
1.
^ "Belgacom 1Q Net Pft 10% On Acquisition Costs" (http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-
20090515-704785.html). The Wall Street Journal. 15 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
2.
^ Olson, Parmy; de Renzy-Martin, Henry (25 August 2006). "Vodafone Hangs Up On Belgium"
(http://www.forbes.com/2006/08/25/vodafone-belgacom-cx-pohrm-0825vodafone.html). Forbes. Archived
(http://web.archive.org/web/20090609204707/http://www.forbes.com/2006/08/25/vodafone-belgacom-cx-pohrm-
0825vodafone.html) from the original on 9 June 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
3.
^ Kammel, Benedikt (26 June 2008). "Tele2 Sells Luxembourg, Liechtenstein to Belgacom"
(http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601204&sid=a2wgs_2AyjYc&refer=technology). Bloomberg.
Retrieved 2009-05-24.
4.
^ "Belgium's Belgacom pays lower price for Scarlet" (http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2008/11/28
/afx5754135.html). Forbes. Reuters. 28 November 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-24.
5.
Belgacom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgacom
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Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Belgacom.
^ De Boeck, Philippe (4 September 2010). "Le nouveau pari de Didier Bellens" (http://bgpa-fr.skynetblogs.be
/archive/2010/09/06/didier-bellens-le-soir-interview-plateforme-2-iphone-action.html). Le Soir. Retrieved
2010-09-06.
6.
^ "We mikken op meer dan alleen tv" (http://bgpa-nl.skynetblogs.be/archive/2010/09/07/didier-bellens-
de-morgen-interview-gaming-belgacom-tv-nieuw.html). De Morgen. 4 September 2010. Retrieved 2010-09-06.
7.
^ "Belgacom Attack: Britain's GCHQ Hacked Belgian Telecoms Firm" (http://www.spiegel.de/international
/europe/british-spy-agency-gchq-hacked-belgian-telecoms-firm-a-923406.html). Spiegel. September 20, 2013.
8.
^ "Interbrand study" (http://www.6minutes.be/NL/Artikel.aspx?ArtikelID=3750&RubriekID=5). Interbrand.
Retrieved 2009-07-14.
9.
^ "About the Proximus network" (http://ict.belgacom.be/en/propositions/mobility/mobilequality/). Belgacom.
Retrieved 2012-01-22.
10.
^ Belgacom. "Tango, Belgacom's subsidiary in Luxembourg" (http://www.belgacom.com/be-en/newslist
/NL_Archive_press_releases.page?d=20092003_tango). Retrieved 22 January 2012.
11.
^ Van Lierde, Ludwig (12 June 2010). "Belgacom is een innovatief bedrijf" (http://bgpa-nl.skynetblogs.be
/archive/2010/06/14/interview-didier-bellens-in-ondernemers.html). Ondernemers. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
12.
^ "Belgacom launches TV Everywhere" (http://www.belgacom.com/be-en/newsdetail
/ND_20110701_tv_everywhere.page). Retrieved 2013-09-01.
13.
^ "Belgacom Annual Report 2012" (http://www.belgacom.com/assets/content/mbimport
/%7B0253F817-3F32-4563-B083-539FB5A1CD90%7D?transformationID=CustomContent&
contentType=content/custom&previewSite=cowwww.belgacom.co). Belgacom. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
14.
^ "Mergers: Commission approves joint venture between Belgacom and Swisscom" (http://europa.eu/rapid/press-
release_IP-05-582_en.htm). European Union. 20 May 2005. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
15.
^ "BICS and MTN combine international carrier service" (http://www.telegeography.com/products/commsupdate
/articles/2009/06/26/bics-and-mtn-combine-international-carrier-service/). Telegeography. 26 June 2009.
Retrieved 11 July 2013.
16.
^ James Middleton (1 December 2009). "Belgacom, MTN merge carrier services operations"
(http://www.telecoms.com/16677/belgacom-mtn-merge-carrier-services-operations/). www.telecoms.com.
Retrieved 16 July 2013.
17.
^ "BICS Point of Presence" (http://bics.com/our-network/point-of-presence). BICS. Retrieved 12 July 2013. 18.
^ "Omantel and Belgacom make joint investment in Europe India Gateway" (http://www.telecompaper.com
/news/omantel-and-belgacom-make-joint-investment-in-europe-india-gateway--620701). Telecompaper. 28 May
2008. Retrieved 11 July 2013.
19.
^ "Mosaic" (http://bics.com/mosaic). BICS. Retrieved 12 July 2013. 20.
^ "BICS enables first intercontinental 4G/LTE Data Roaming relation" (http://www.cellular-news.com/archive
/Operators.php). www.cellular-news.com. 27 June 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
21.
^ Euronext Declared Shareholders of Companies Listed on NYSE Euronext and NYSE Alternext in Brussels
02-2011 [1] (http://www.euronext.com/fic/000/062/924/629247.pdf)
22.
External links
Official website (http://www.belgacom.com)
Official annual report (http://annualreport.belgacom.com)
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Belgacom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgacom
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