Featuresofsoil:

1. _____phasesystem:___________,_____________,____________.
2. Structure:
a. Oriented:
b. Notoriented:
3. Grainsizerangesover_to_ordersofmagnitude(diameter).
a. ________>_______>________>_______.
4. Soilmechanicsisgovernedby__________________________.

Volumeofsolids(___)=

Volumeofwater(___)=

Volumeofvoids(___)=

SpecificGravity(__)
Usually~____to____.Specificgravity=

Phaserelationships:

Voidratio(___)
Highvalues:__________&Lowvalues:__________
Dependson:________________________________

Porosity(___)

porosity=

Moisturecontent/watercontent(___)

watercontent=

Degreeofsaturation(___)

degreeofsaturation=

___%<___<___%(drytosaturated)


Unitweight(___)

unitweight=

dryunitweight=
unitweightofwater:

Saturatedunitweight(___)

saturatedunitweight=

Buoyantunitweight(___)

buoyantunitweight=

Relativedensity(___)

relativedensity=

Lowrelativedensity=_______&highrelativedensity=________

Relativedensity(%)

Description

Coefficientofgradation(curvature)(____)

coefficientofgradation=

Coefficientofuniformity(___)

coefficientofuniformity=

Lowcoefficientofuniformity_______&highcoefficientofuniformity_________

TheRockCycle

ParticleGradation

_________
________
______mm
____________test
_________
________
______mm
____________test
_________

Soilclassification
1. Soilclassificationsystems:
2. Roundness:
3. Sphericity:

Grainsizedistributioncurve
1. Gravel/sanddivision:
2. Sand/silt&claydivision:
3. Xaxis:_______&Yaxis:_______
4. Reasonsforlogscale:

Clayproperties
1. Specificsurface:____
(____________>__________>___________)
2. Size:_____
3. Mainproperties:
4. Structure:

5. Mostproblematic:
a. Reason:
6. Whywaterisattractedtoclay:
7. _______plasticity&________permeability

AtterbergLimits

1. Liquidlimittest:

2. Plasticlimittest:

3. Shrinkagelimittest:

4. PlasticityIndex(PI)=
a. HigherthePI
5. LiquidityIndex(LI)=
6. Hydrometertest:
a. Whycalgonsolution?

SoilClassification
C=

M=

O=

P=

H=

L=

W=

1. Uline:
2. Aline:

Soilcompaction
1. Increase________&decrease_________increase____________
decrease____________
decrease____________
2. Forsoilswith_______.
3. Usedfor:
4. Compaction=
5. Densification=
6. Compactioncurve&zeroairvoidscurve:

Datapointswillfall_______ZAVcurve.
ZAVcurveinrelationtothecompactioncurve:
StandardProctorTestvs.ModifiedProctorTest:
Increase d,max byincreasing:

Increasecompactionenergycurveshifts______________________
(T/F)Goodtobeat opt forincreasedstrengthandlowpermeability.

Soilimprovement
1. Mechanical:
2. Chemical:
3. Compaction:
4. DynamicDeepCompaction:
5. Relativecompaction:
6. Endproductspecificationsshouldinclude:

Permeability
1. Definition:
2. Usedfor:

Hydraulicgradient(___)
hydraulicgradient=

Velocity___>___>___
1.
2.
3.

DarcysLaw
1. Valuesofkgreatestfor_______,lowestfor_______.
2. kdependson:
3. k(___________________)isdeterminedexperimentallyusing:
a. _________________Test(for:_____________)
b. _________________Test(for:_____________)
4. Layerswith__________________controltheflow.

Seepage
1. Totalseepage=
2. Wanttominimizeratio(____)
3. Tominimizehydraulicgradient,use:
4. Upliftpressure=

a. Shouldupliftbeofconcern?

Effectivestress
1. Groundwatertable=
2. Totalstress=
3. Criticalhydraulicgradient=

Capillarity
1. Heightofcapillaryriseisgreatestfor______,smallestfor________.
2. Heightofcapillaryrisefor=0:
3. Hazenequation:
4. Icelens:
a. Formation:Waterrisesfrom______by________.Lensthaw,_____________
collapsesinto_______.
b. ________mostvulnerable.
c. ________isnotproblematicbecause:
d. Solution:___________isusedasa_______________.

Soilfilters
1. Criteria:
a.
b.

Flownetrulesforconstruction:
1. Mustbedrawn__________.
2. Impermeableboundaries=
3. Soil/waterinterfaces=
4. Flowlinesbeginandendat______________.
5. Flowlinescomeintosoilandexitsoilat__degreestosoil/waterinterface.
6. Flowlinesandequipotentialsintersectat__degrees.
7. Areasboundedshouldbe___________.