Parallel Structure

Parallel structure means using the same

pattern of words to show that two or
more ideas have the same level of
importance. This can happen at the
word, phrase, or clause level. The usual
way to join parallel structures is with the
use of coordinating conjunctions such
as "and" or "or."
WORDS AND PHARASES
With the -ing form (gerund) of words:
Parallel:Mary likes hiking, swimming, and
bicycling.
With infinitive phrases:
Parallel:Mary likes to hike, to swim, and to
ride a bicycle.
OR
Mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a bicycle.
(Note: You can use "to" before all the verbs
in a sentence or only before the first one.)
DO NOT MIX FORMS
Example 1
Not Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming,
and to ride a bicycle.
Parallel: Mary likes hiking, swimming, and
riding a bicycle.
Example 2
Not Parallel: The production manager was
asked to write his report quickly,
accurately, and in a detailed manner.
Parallel: The production manager was
asked to write his report quickly, accurately,
and thoroughly.
Example 3
Not Parallel: The teacher said that he was a
poor student because he waited until the
last minute to study for the exam,
completed his lab problems in a careless
manner, and his motivation was low.
Parallel: The teacher said that he was a
poor student because he waited until the
last minute to study for the exam,
completed his lab problems in a careless
manner, and lacked motivation.
Clauses
A parallel structure that begins with
clauses must keep on with clauses.
Changing to another pattern or
changing the voice of the verb (from
active to passive or vice versa) will
break the parallelism.
Example 1
Not Parallel: The coach told the players that
they should get a lot of sleep, that they
should not eat too much, and to do some
warm-up exercises before the game.
Parallel: The coach told the players that
they should get a lot of sleep, that they
should not eat too much, and that they
should do some warm-up exercises before
the game.
or
Parallel: The coach told the players that
they should get a lot of sleep, not eattoo
much, and do some warm-up exercises
before the game.
Example 2
Not Parallel: The salesman expected that he
would present his product at the
meeting,that there would be time for him to
show his slide presentation, andthat
questions would be asked by prospective
buyers. (passive)
Parallel: The salesman expected that he
would present his product at the
meeting,that there would be time for him to
show his slide presentation, andthat
prospective buyers would ask him questions.
LIST AFTER A COLON
Be sure to keep all the elements in a list in
the same form.
Example 1
Not Parallel:
The dictionary can be used to find
these: word
meanings,pronunciations, correct spellings,
and looking up irregular verbs.
Parallel:
The dictionary can be used to find
these: word
meanings,pronunciations, correct spellings,
and irregular verbs.
Proofreading Strategies to
Try:
Skim your paper, pausing at the
words "and" and "or." Check on
each side of these words to see
whether the items joined are
parallel. If not, make them
parallel.
If you have several items in a list,
put them in a column to see if
they are parallel.
Listen to the sound of the items in
a list or the items being
compared. Do you hear the
same, kinds of sounds? For
example, is there a series of "-ing"
words beginning each item? Or
do your hear a rhythm being
repeated? If something is
breaking that rhythm or repetition
of sound check to see if it needs
to be made parallel.













SIMILE
1.

dream of silent verses where
the rhyme glides noiseless as
an oar.
2.

Though they knew it not, their
babys cries were lovely as
jeweled butterflies.
3.

He kissed her as though he
were trying to win a sword
fight.
4.

The paparazzi circled like
vultures above a tottering
camel.
5.

She was as distant as a remote
tropical island, uncivilized,
unspoiled.
6.

Our hearts, though stout and
brave, still, like muffled drums,
are beating funeral marches to
the grave.
7.

He had hidden his wealth,
heaped and hoarded and piled
on high like sacks of wheat in a
granary.
8.

Pieces of silver and of gold /
Into the tinkling strong-box fell
/ Like pebbles dropped into a
well;
9.

The cabin windows have grown
blank as eyeballs of the dead.
10.

What passing-bells for these
who die as cattle?
11.

Each face was like the setting
sun, / As, broad and red.
12.

Barefooted, ragged, with
neglected hair, she was a thin
slip of a girl, like a new moon.
13.

A fatal letter wings its way
across the sea, like a bird of
prey.
14.

I will sing a slumberous
refrain, and you shall murmur
like a child appeased.
15.

For she knows me! My heart,
clear as a crystal beam / To her
alone, ceases to be inscrutable.
16.

Leaf-strewing gales utter low
wails like violins,
17.

He spit out his teeth like
stones.
18.

Talk of your cold: through the
parkas fold it stabbed like a
driven nail.
19.

Dawn breaks open like a
wound that bleeds afresh.
20.

Like winged stars the fire-flies
flash and glance, / Pale in the
open moonshine.
21.

The breath of her false mouth
was like faint flowers, / Her
touch was as electric poison.
22.

Then, as a hunted deer that
could not flee, I turned upon
my thoughts and stood at bay,
wounded and weak and
panting;
23.

There are thick woods where
many a fountain, rivulet, and
pond are as clear as elemental
diamond.
24.

Years heap their withered
hours, like leaves, on our
decay.
25.

The ripples wimple on the rills,
like sparkling little lasses.
26.

She was like a modest flower
blown in sunny June and warm
as sun at noons high hour.
27.

And the face of the waters
that spread away / Was as gray
as the face of the dead.
28.

As in depths of many seas, my
heart was drowned in
memories.
29.

Then like a cold wave on a
shore, comes silence and she
sings no more.
30.

And shout thy loud battle-cry,
cleaving the silence like a
sword.
31.

My soul is lost and tossed like
a ship unruddered in a
shoreless sea.
32.

The clouds like crowds of
snowy-hued and white-robed
maidens pass
33.

Dreams, like ghosts, must
hide away; / Tis the day.
34.

The evening stretches before
me like a road.
35.

I would have hours that move
like a glitter of dancers.
36.

Toby manipulated the people
in his life as though they were
chess pieces.
37.

And only to think that my soul
could not react, but turned on
itself like a tortured snake.
38.

There are strange birds like
blots against a sky.
39.

She goes all so softly like a
shadow on the hill, a faint wind
at twilight.
40.

The horse-chestnuts dropped
their buds like tears.
41.

They walk in awful splendor,
regal yet, wearing their crimes
like rich and kingly capes.
42.

Death is like moonlight in a
lofty wood that pours pale
magic through the shadowy
leaves.
43.

I was sick of all the sorrow
and distress that flourished in
the City like foul weeds.
44.

As I read it in the white,
morning sunlight, the letters
squirmed like snakes.

METAPHOR
The snow is a white blanket.
America is a melting pot.
Her lovely voice was music to his ears.
Life is a rollercoaster.
The alligators teeth are white daggers.
Their home was a prison.
His heart is a cold iron.
She is a peacock.
He is a shinning star.
Time is money.
My teacher is a dragon.
Toms eyes were ice.
The detectives face was wood as he
listened to her story.
She feels that life is a fashion show.
The world is a stage.
My kids room is a disaster area.
The children were flowers grown in
concrete gardens.
Kisses are the flowers of affection.
His words were cotton candy.
Marys eyes were fireflies.
Johns suggestion was just a Band-Aid.
The cast on his broken leg was a plaster
shackle.
Janes ambitions are a house of cards.
Her long hair was a flowing golden
river.
The computers at school are old
dinosaurs.
Laughter is the music of the soul.
He is a night owl.
Maria is a chicken.
The falling snowflakes are dancers.
With his new haircut, he was a
sheepdog.
At five oclock, the interstate was a
parking lot.
Books are keys to your imagination.
Her teddy bear was her best friend,
never telling her secrets.
The peaceful lake was a mirror.
Terry was blue when his goldfish died.
The wind was an angry witch.
The ballerina was a swan, gliding across
the stage.
Her angry words were bullets to him.
Your brain is a computer.
Jamal was a pig at dinner.
You are my sunshine.
The car was a furnace in the sun.
Thank you so much. You are an angel.
That coach is an ogre.
Bens temper was a volcano, ready to
explode.
The kids were monkeys on the jungle
gym.
The sun is a golden ball.
The clouds are balls of cotton.



OXYMORON
1. This is another fine mess you have
got us into.
2. There is a real love hate relationship
developing between the two of them.
3. Suddenly the room filled with
a deafening silence.
4. The comedian was seriously funny.
5. You are clearly confused by the
situation you have found yourself in.
6. Her singing was enough to raise
the living dead.
7. Do you have the original copies that
we requested?
8. This is a genuine imitation Rolex
watch.
9. I really would like to try that
new jumbo shrimp restaurant.
10. His new girlfriend really is pretty ugly.
11. Sorry, I can't help you out right now, I
am involved in my own minor crisis.
12. Give me the fifty dollars you owe me
or pay for dinner, it's the same
difference.
13. My trip to Bali was very much
a working holiday.
14. I let out a silent scream as the cat
walked through the door carrying a
dead bird.
15. You are going to have to take the job,
it is your only choice.
16. The seventies was the era of free
love.
17. I will ask the professor for
his unbiased opinion.
18. The constant variable is the one that
does not change.
19. The sermon lasted for an endless
hour.
20. We laughed and cried through
the tragic comedy.
21. Parting is such sweet sorrow.
22. They couldn't wait to get out alone
together.
23. We'll use plastic glasses at the
picnic.
24. The student teacher explained how to
complete the homework.
25. The gossip is old news.
26. The lady he eventually married
is painfully beautiful.
27. Wow! This ice cream is disgustingly
delicious.
28. Be careful in the playground, run
slowly.
29. Your apple pie is awfully good.
30. A small crowd gathered to watch the
concert.
31. It's an open secret that they have
been having an affair for the past six
months.
32. He has a real passive
aggressive personality.
33. You were awfully lucky to escape the
car crash unscathed.
34. Stop being a big baby.
35. I am sure I am growing smaller as I
get older.
36. She is my least favorite relation.
37. The story was based on the concept
of a true myth.
38. That is an example of the typically
weird behavior she continually
demonstrates.
39. He has become an
extremely unpopular celebrity.
40. I'm on a heavy diet until my wedding
day.
41. I am a deeply superficial person.
42. I like a smuggler. He is the
only honest thief.
43. Good grief, we're really late.
44. I can't make any promises but it's
a definite possibility.
45. She was terribly pleased with her
Birthday present.
46. The army returned friendly fire as the
enemy approached.
47. He installed the new wireless cable in
the television room.
48. He was forced to stand down from
his position as president.
49. There will be zero tolerance in the
future.
50. I had no choice but to do what I was
told.
CONSONANCE
1. The ship has sailed to the far off
shores.
2. She ate seven sandwiches on a
sunny Sunday last year.
3. Shelley sells shells by the
seashore.
4. Mike likes his new bike.
5. I will crawl away the ball.
6. He stood on the road and cried.
7. Toss the glass, boss.
8. It will creep and beep while you
sleep.
9. He struck a streak of bad luck.
10. When Billie looked at the trailer,
she smiled and laughed.
11. I dropped the locket in the thick
mud.
12. The black sack is in the back.
13. The zoo was amazing, especially
the lizards and chimpanzees.
14. The lawn thrived when it began to
rain.
15. I wish you would mash potatoes
in this dish.
16. Mammals named Sam are
clammy.
17. There is no right time to imitate
the teacher.
18. He thrusts his fists against the
posts and still insists he sees the
ghosts.
19. Norm, the worm, took the garden
by a storm this morn.

ONOMATOPOEIA
1.

The sheep went, Baa.
2.

The best part about music class
is that you can bang on the
drum.
3.

It is not unusual for a dog
to bark when visitors arrive.
4.

Silence your cellphone so that it
does notbeep during the
movie.
5.

Dad released a belch from the
pit of his stomach.
6.

The bridge collapsed creating a
tremendous boom.
7.

The large dog said, Bow-
wow!
8.

Are you afraid of things that
go bump in the night?
9.

My brother can burp the
alphabet.
10.

Both bees and buzzers buzz.
11.

The cash register popped open
with a heart warming ca-
ching.
12.

The birds chirp filled the
empty night air.
13.

Her heels clacked on the
hardwood floor.
14.

The clanging pots and pans
awoke the baby.
15.

If you want the red team to
win, clap your hands right
now!
16.

The cadets swelled with pride
when they heard the clash of
the symbols at their graduation
ceremony.
17.

The dishes fell to the floor with
a clatter.
18.

Nothing annoys me more than
rapidly clicking your pen.
19.

The bride and groom were not
surprised to hear the familiar
sound of clinking glasses.
20.

The horses hooves clip-
clopped on the cobblestones.
21.

Those clucking chickens are
driving me crazy!
22.

The dim-witted pigeon
repulsed us with its nerve
crawling coo.
23.

If your going to cough, please
cover your mouth.
24.

The prisoner was terrified to
hear the crack of the whip.
25.

We roasted marshmallows
over the crackling fire.
26.

The two-year old crashed into
the cabinet.
27.

The cabinet opened with a
distinct creak.
28.

Dissatisfied with her work,
Beth crinkled up the paper
and threw it in the trash.
29.

The swamp frogs croaked in
unison.
30.

The teacher heard the
distinct crunch of ruffled
potato chips.
31.

Jacob could not sleep with the
steady drip-drop of water
coming from the sink.
32.

The root beer fizzed over the
top of the mug.
33.

The flag flapped in wind.







Malaysia
Malaysia ay may constitutional monarkiya
uri ng pamahalaan. Ang central social
miyembro ng pamilya ay sa panggalan
lamang sa pamamagitan ng buhok higit sa
lahat reyna (karaniwang tinutukoy bilang
ang Hari) at isang bicameral Parlyamento
na binubuo ng isang nonelected itaas na
tinutuluyan at ang isang inihalal na mas
maliit na bahay; lahat peninsular Malaysian
declares may namamana sovereigns
(karaniwang tinutukoy bilang sultans) kung
hindi Melaka at Pulau Pinang (Penang);
ilang mga declares kasama ng Sabah at
Sarawak sa Silangang Malaysia ay may
mga gobernador hinirang ng pamahalaan;
kasiglahan ng ipahayag na pamahalaan
ay limitado sa pamamagitan ng pederal na
saligang-batas; ibaba tuntunin ng
pederasyon, Sabah at Sarawak panatilihin
ang tiyak constitutional prerogatives (eg ,
karapatan tocontinue kanilang magkaroon
ng kontrol sa imigrasyon)
MGA BANSANG MAY PAMAMAHALAANG:

TOTALITARYAN:California,Moroni,Comoros,Cuba

DEMOKRATIKO:Indonesya,Europe,Pilipinas,Australi
a,India,Vietnam,Cambodia
Mynmar
,Laos,Brunei,Silagang Timor

MONARKIYA:Espanya,Birreynato ng bagong
espanya,hapon,Imperyong
Romano,Kuwait,Sancristobal at nieves,Imperyo
ng Ottoman,Monoco,Vaduz,

KUMUNISTA:Russia,China,North korea,