Challenges Associated With Assessment and Testing of Fault Ride-Through Compliance of

Variable Power Generation in Australian National Electricity Market

Abstract - A method and a computer program for interpreting soil measurement data are
presented. The method employs a statistical estimation of soil parameters from four pin or
three pin measurements. The analysis provides (1) the best estimate of soil parameters, (2) the
error of the parameters versus confidence level, (3) a pictorial view of how well the estimated
soil model fits the measurements, and (4) the measurements which are not consistent (bad
measurements). The methodology is applicable to data obtained with four or three pin
method over a small or a large area. It performs best when applied to measurements taken at
various locations of the area of interest. A computer program has been developed based on
this methodology with the symbolic name SOMIP (SOil Measurements Interpretation
Program). Implementation details are discussed in this paper. The performance of the
methodology is compared with test model data. In addition, the experience gained in
interpreting soil resistivity measurement with the program SOMIP is presented in this paper.
Specifically, many sets of actual data, taken from four major utilities, has been analyzed and
the results are presented and discussed.

Characterization of Static Electrification in Power Transformers

ABSTRACT
Static electrification due to oil flow causes many field failures of large forced-oil cooled power
transformers. Also, in practice under normal operating conditions, the oil volume in these
power transformers is reduced due to the internal heat generated (from the energized
windings) which accelerates the chemical processes occurring inside. To complete filling of the
oil tanks of such transformers, either new oil of the same or different type is used. Laboratory
analogs of these transformers; namely a closed and an open cycle, have been used for
investigating this phenomenon. Such tests have been performed upon different types of fresh
and aged oils and oil mixtures to measure the electrification current. Investigations of the
effect of oil temperature, oil velocity, frequency and type of the applied voltage, type of the
solid-phase
material, and the length of the oil gap are introduced. Also, a 200 kVA, 3.3 kVl380 V
distribution power transformer is used where the oil is forced and heated externally to
examine and demonstrate this phenomenon for unenergized and energized cases and for both
fresh and aged oils.

SOME ACCESSORY APPARATUS FOR PRECISE MEASUREMENTS OF
ALTERNATING CURRENT.
SUMMARY.
The paper describes apparatus for obtaining for purposes of measurement a voltage
proportional to, and in phase with, a given alternating current. The Introduction outlines defects
in the water-cooled tube resistors which have been in use at the National Physical Laboratory
for this purpose;
these defects have led to the construction of air-cooled resistors for moderate currents, and
current transformers with nickel-iron cores for heavy currents. Section (1) deals with the
requirements for the air-cooled resistors, and with theoretical and practical points in their
design; tests showing
very satisfactory performance are described. Section (2) outlines the construction of the special
current transformers, and deals at some length with the method of calibrating hem. Finally, the
effects of a number of variables on the transformer performance are investigated: the
characteristics are shown to be very good, and no sign of instability is found.