Calcul Hilti Ancore

Seismic Academy I Bologna 8 Novembre 2013 | J.
Gramaxo 1
www.hilti.it/sismico
Hilti Seismic Academy
Jorge Gramaxo
Technical Marketing
Hilti AG
Design of Anchors in Seismic Regions as per
the New European Guideline EOTA TR045
Seismic Academy I Bologna 8 Novembre 2013 | J. Gramaxo 2
When cracks form in concrete, there is a high chance that they will
intersect the anchor location considering:
Anchors are expected to be located in concrete
cracks during an earthquake
stresses from the pre-stressing
or loading of the anchor
stress concentration caused by
the anchor hole (notch effect)
Source: Prof. Rolf Eligehausen , University of Stuttgart: tests to asses the likelihood of cracks intercepting the position of
anchors and anchor holes
As a cracks intersect the anchor the load transfer will be changed due
to an unsymmetrical distribution of the anchor loads
The resistance of the anchors is highly affected by the width of the
cracks and in case of earthquake loading can reach 0.8mm
Concrete cracks lead to significant changes in
the anchors load transfer and performance
stress distribution in
non-cracked concrete
stress distribution in
cracked concrete
crack plane
During an earthquake the anchors will be need to cope with:
Seismic loading induces extreme conditions in
the fastenings, much above concrete cracks
S
h
e
a
r

T
e
n
s
i
o
n
C
r
a
c
k

w
i
d
t
h

Load cycling Concrete crack cycling
w/ larger crack width
Anchor design for seismic loading requires a set of specific
prequalification, approval document and design regulations
Consistent with the new European assessment for anchors in seismic
regions, ETAG 001 Annex E, and applicable for anchors which have
been awarded an ETA in accordance to it.
Has been developed during the revision of the CEN/TS 1992-4 series
and complies with the final draft of EN 1992-4
This document intends to guide the design of anchor for seismic
loading bridging the time span until the publication of EN 1992-4
EOTA TR045 represents current best practice
for seismic design of anchors in Europe
< 2013
No EU regulation
2013
EOTA TR045
2014 / 2015
EN 1992-4
European design method for anchors to resist seismic loading
b) Ductile anchor
anchors must fulfill the ductility requirements and
steel failure must govern the anchor resistance
To ensure ductile behavior of the connection
3 different design approaches are offered
a1) Capacity Design
anchors must resist to the load corresponding to
the yielding or failure of the attachment
a2) Elastic design
anchors must resist to the load resulting from an
elastic seismic design
Pragmatic approach for calculating of seismic
actions in non-structural elements
As per Eurocode 8 can often be difficult to establish with confidence
the fundamental vibration period T
a
of the non-structural element.
F
a
= S
a
. W
a
/ q
a

EOTA TR045 to solve this issue provides:
- expression from Eurocode 8 rearranged (equation 4.25, EN1998-1)
- seismic amplification factor A
a
per non-structural element

- behavior factors q
a
for additional non-structural elements
W
a
own weight of the element (KN)
Tension resistance to seismic loading for
mechanical anchors
TENSION
Ref. values N
0
Rk,seis
ETA values
(C1 or C2)
Calculated as per
ETAG 001 Annex C
Steel N
0
Rk,s,seis
-
Pull-out N
0
Rk,p,seis
-
Concrete cone - N
0
Rk,c,seis
N
Rk,seis
= a
gap
a
seis
N
0
Rk,seis
a
seis
provided by the TR

a
gap
= 1.0 (no influence in tension)

N
d,seis
= N
k,seis
/ g
M,seis
g
M,seis
provided by the ETA

Tension resistance to seismic loading for
chemical anchors
TENSION
Ref. values N
0
Rk,seis
ETA values
(C1 or C2)
Calculated as per
EOTA TR029
Steel N
0
Rk,s,seis
-
Combined pull-out and
concrete cone
t
Rk,seis
N
0
Rk,p,seis
Concrete cone - N
0
Rk,c,seis
N
Rk,seis
= a
gap
a
seis
N
0
Rk,seis
a
seis
provided by the TR

a
gap
= 1.0 (no influence in tension)

N
d,seis
= N
k,seis
/ g
M,seis
g
M,seis
provided by the ETA

Shear resistance to seismic loading for
mechanical and chemical anchors
SHEAR
Ref. values V
0
Rk,seis
ETA values
(C1 or C2)
Calculated as per ETAG
001 Annex C / TR029
Steel V
0
Rk,s,seis
-
Pry-out -

V
0
Rk,cp,seis
Concrete edge breakout - V
0
Rk,c,seis
V
Rk,seis
= a
gap
a
seis
V
0
Rk,seis
a
seis
provided by the TR

a
gap
= 1.0 filled annular gap
= 0.5 if annular gap is not filled

V
d,seis
= V
k,seis
/ g
M,seis
g
M,seis
provided by the ETA

Presence of annular gaps between the anchors
and the fixture reduces shear resistance to half
The shear forces on the anchors are amplified in presence an
annular gap due to a hammer effect on the anchor
The factor a
gap
attends to the overload resulting from annular gap
between the anchor and the steel plate
Design shear resistance x2 if it can be ensured no hole clearance
between the anchor and the fixture.
Hilti Dynamic Set ensures proper filling of the annular gap and as such
ensures the an enhanced shear resistance under seismic loading

If deformations are relevant for the connection it shall be demonstrated
that these deformations can be accommodated by the anchors
Anchors awarded Seismic Performance Category C2 ETAs provide the
anchors displacement for shear and tension
If the required displacement is smaller than what the anchor displays,
then the following reduction is applied to the design resistance

Anchorage proof for the Damage Limitation
State (DLS) is also considered in EOTA TR045
d
N,req (DLS)
Defined by the designer ;
Note: Expression for the correction of tension design resistance; shear is done in the same manner
d
N,seis (DLS)
Provided in the relevant ETA
Summary of the seismic design procedure
Selected anchors by their Seismic Performance Category (C1 or C2)
according to the ground acceleration and building importance class
Identify the ULS seismic loads according to the suitable design approach
depending on your general design considerations
Calculate the seismic design resistances for N, V and load combination
considering the characteristic resistances from the ETA
If required, verify to DLS comparing required / anchor displacements
considering the loads for the DLS verification
Currently seismic approved Hilti solutions for
seismic performance category C1 and C2
Structural
application
Non-structural
application
ETA C2 ETA C1*
ETA C2
* For buildings class IV: C2 required
Source: Countries seismic acceleration maps ;
EOTA TR045 recommendations
HST / HST-R
C2:M10-M16 ; C1:M10-M16
HIT-HY 200 + HIT-Z
C2:M12-M16 ; C1:M8-M20
Seismic Category C2
Hilti Seismic Academy
Jorge Gramaxo
Technical Marketing
Hilti AG
Thank you for your attention!

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Seismic Academy I Bologna 8 Novembre 2013 | J.

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