Introduction

Red means PA PARAPHRASE

Affective Computing is computing that relates to, arises from, or deliberately influences
emotion or other affective phenomena.[1]
Affective computing is currently one of the most active research topics, furthermore, having increasingly intensive
attention. This strong interest is driven by a wide spectrum of promising applications in many areas such as virtual
reality, smart surveillance, perceptual interface, etc. Affective computing concerns multidisciplinary knowledge
background such as psychology, cognitive, physiology and computer sciences. [2]

Detection of emotion in speech can be used in a variety of situations like providing assistance where human
resources are limited, by automatically detecting where the levels of distress or need are highest, allowing human
resources to be allocated where it is needed the most.
Although it is impossible to accurately compare recognition accuracies based from other
studies because of the different data sets used.Other studies said that several confusing emotion
pairs exists such as happy and interest, happy and panic, interest
and sadness, panic and hot anger. The accuracy of
classifying these pairs was relatively low due to the
limitation of emotion representing ability of current
features.[4] One research used the Fractal features for Emotion Recognition from Speech but disgust seems to be
very difficult to detect with Fractal features.[3]


What is Emotion
Emotions are fundamental for humans, impacting perception and everyday activities
such as communication, learning and decision-making. They are expressed
through speech, facial expressions, gestures and other non-verbal clues.[5]
Well group emotions into 2 types of emotions: Negative and Positive.
Negative emotions express an attempt or intention to Exclude. Strengthening one's
own position at the expense of others. Keeping bad stuff away, destroying what is
perceived as a threat. Negative emotions are fueled by an underlying fear of the
unknown, a fear of the actions of others, and a need to control them or stop them to
avoid being harmed.[6]
Negative emotions are, for example: apathy, grief, fear, hatred, shame, blame, regret,
resentment, anger, hostility [6]
Positive emotions express an attempt or an intention to Include. Taking the whole into
consideration. Working on learning more viewpoints, interacting more with others,
enjoying making things better. Positive emotions are fueled by an underlying desire
for enjoyment and unity.[6]
Positive emotions are, for example: interest, enthusiasm, boredom, laughter, empathy,
action, curiosity.[6]


A fractal theory studies the phenomena of self-similarity. The object is considered a fractal if it exhibits
some sort of self-similarity.
Normal human speech is produced with pulmonary pressure provided by the lung. It creates phonation
in the glottis that is then modified by the vocal tract into different vowels and consonants. Both the
quasi-periodic vibration of the vocal folds and the modification by the vocal tract are nonlinear
processes, especially when the consonant occurs, the turbulence is generated in the narrow parts of the
vocal tract. Consequently, the waveform of speech signal shows both periodicity and self-similarity
according to the vowels and consonants International which form syllables together. For example, a
speaker in an excited emotion is one who is unable to breathe normally at the time of speech. The
abnormal breathing could be caused either due to a physical or emotional shock. An abnormally
breathing speaker, however, should produce speech which has similar underlying statistic, thus causing
the fractal dimension to be invariant over the speaker, both excited and normal emotional states.[3]



Delimitations
Not 100% accurate, disadvantages, background music, noise sounds etc. etc.




[1]http://affect.media.mit.edu/
[2] http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/11573548_125#page-1
[3]
study on the Emotion Recognition from Speech Signals Using Fractal
Dimension Features
Jun Seok Park1, Soo Hong Kim2 2013
[4] Detecting Emotion in Human Speech
Alex Mordkovich, Kelly Veit, Daniel Zilber
famordkov, kjveit, dzilberg@stanford.edu
December 16th, 2011
[5] Emotion Detection
from Speech
Computer Science Tripos Part II
Gonville & Caius College
2009-2010
[6]Transformational Paths Facilitator Training Manual #2
By Flemming Funch -Transformational Processing Institute