Mapear por recombinao

9/Out./2014
12. Uma planta de gentipo retrocuzada
por . Se esses dois loci estiverem separados
10 u.m., quais so as propores descendentes com
gentipo AB/ab?
Answer:
You perform the following cross and are told that the two genes are 10 m.u. apart.
AB/ab x ab/ab
Among their progeny 10 percent should !e recom!inant "Ab/ab and aB/ab# and 90 percent should !e parental
"AB/ab and ab/ab#. $herefore AB/ab should represent 1/2 of the parentals or 4% percent.
13. Os loci A e D esto to intimamente ligados que no
h recombinao entre eles (ligamento absoluto).
Se Ad/Ad for cruzado com aD/aD e a F
1
for intercruzada,
que fentipos podero ser encontrados na F
2
e quais
sero as suas propores?
Answer:
& Ad/Ad x aD/aD
'
1
Ad/aD
'
2
1 Ad/Ad phenotype( Ad 2 Ad/aD phenotype( A) 1 aD/aD phenotype( a)
14. Dois loci R e S esto distnciados 35 u.m. Se
uma planta de gentipo RS/rs
fosse autofecundada, que descendncia
fenotpica ser observvel e em que propores?
Answer:
& RS/rs x RS/rs
*+metas( 1/2 "1 , 0.-%# RS; 1/2 "1 , 0.-%# rs; 1/2 "0.-%# Rs; 1/2 "0.-%# rS
'
1
genotypes
0.10%. RS/RS 0.11-/ rs/rS 0.10%. rs/rs 0.11-/ rs/Rs
0.211- RS/rs 0.0-0. Rs/Rs 0.11-/ RS/rS 0.0-0. rS/rS
0.11-/ RS/Rs 0.0.1- Rs/rS
'
1
phenotypes
0..0%/ 012 0.10%. rs2 0.1444 0s2 0.1444 r1
17. Uma fmea de gentipo A/aB/b foi cruzada com o
macho duplo recessivo (a/ab/b). A sua dscendncia
produziu 442 A/aB/b, 458 a/ab/b, 46 A/ab/b, e 54
a/aB/b. Explique geneticamente estes resultados.
Answer:
$he pro!lem states that a female that is A/aB/b is testcrossed. 3f the genes are unlin4ed they should
assort independently and the four progeny classes should !e present in roughly e5ual proportions.
$his is clearly not the case. $he A/aB/b and a/ab/b classes "the parentals# are much more common
than the A/ab/b and a/aB/b classes "the recom!inants#.
$he two genes are on the same chromosome and are 10 map units apart.
0' 6 1007 x "4. 8 %4#/1000 6 107
21. Para estudar trs genes foi feito um cruzamento teste no milho. Os
resultados da anlise de recombinao esto apresentados no quadro
abaixo, que tpica do cruzamento teste para trs genes:
(p = folhas prpuras, + = verdes; v = plntulas resistentes a vrus, + = sensveis;
b = diafragma marro da semente, + = plano).
P +/++/++/+ p/pv/vm/m
m!" +++ pvm
Estude os resultados e responda s perguntas:
a. Determine que genes esto ligados.
b. Desenhe o mapa de genes que mostre suas distncias relativas.
c. Calcule a interferncia se for apropriado.
Classes Fentipos Gmetas F1 N p-b p-v v-b
1 ver, sens, plan +.+.+ 3 21
2 p!r, res, "ast p.v.m 3 222
3 ver, res, plan +.v.+ 1 2# $ $
# p!r, sens, "ast p.+.m 1 ## $ $
% p!r, res, plan p.v.+ &' $ $
& ver, sens, "ast +.+.m &() $ $
( ver, res, "ast +.v.m (2 $ $
) p!r, sens, plan p.+.+ & $ $
1 1 % 2 2 3 #3&
Unpacking Problem21
#! $%et&h &artoon dra'ings of the (, )#, and tester &orn
plants, and use arro's to sho' e*a&tl+ ho' +ou 'ould
perform this e*periment! $ho' 'here seeds are o,tained!
Answer: There is no correct drawing; any will do. Pollen from the
tassels is laced on the sil!s of the females. The seeds are the "#
corn !ernels.
-! .h+ do all the +/s loo% the same, even for different genes0
.h+ does this not &ause &onfusion0
Answer: The $%s all loo! the same beca&se they signify wild tye
for each gene. The information is gi'en in a secific order( which
re'ents conf&sion( at least initially. )owe'er( as yo& wor! the
roblem( which may re*&ire yo& to reorder the genes( errors can
cree into yo&r wor! if yo& do not ma!e s&re that yo& reorder the
genes for each genotye in e+actly the same way. ,o& may find it
easier to write the comlete genotye( $ instead of $( to a'oid
conf&sion.
1! 2o' &an a phenot+pe ,e purple and ,ro'n, for e*ample, at
the same time0
Answer: The henotye is &rle lea'es and brown midriff to
seeds. -n other words( the two colors refer to different arts of the
organism.
3! 4s it signifi&ant that the genes are 'ritten in the order p-v-b
in the pro,lem0
Answer: There is no significance in the original se*&ence of the
data.
5! .hat is a tester and 'h+ is it used in this anal+sis0 Answer:
A tester is a homo.ygo&s recessi'e for all genes being st&died. -t
is &sed so that the meiotic rod&cts in the organism being tested
can be seen directly in the henotye of the rogeny.
6! .hat does the &olumn mar%ed 7(rogen+ phenot+pes
represent0 4n &lass #, for e*ample, state e*a&tl+ 'hat 7gre sen
pla means!
Answer: The rogeny henotyes allow yo& to infer the genotyes of
the lants. "or e+amle( gre stands for /green(0 the henotye of $/1
; sen stands for /'ir&s2sensiti'e(0 the henotye of '$/1; and la
stands for /lain seed(0 the henotye of b$/1. -n this testcross( all
rogeny ha'e at least one recessi'e allele so the /gre sen la0
rogeny are act&ally $/ '$/' b$/b.
8! .hat does the line mar%ed 7ametes represent, and ho' is it
different from the &olumn mar%ed 7)# gametes0
3n what way is comparison of these two types of gametes rele9ant to
recom!ination:
Answer: 3ametes refers to the gametes of the two &re2breeding
arents. "# gametes refers to the gametes rod&ced by the
comletely hetero.ygo&s "# rogeny. They indicate whether
crossing2o'er or indeendent assortment ha'e occ&rred. -n this case(
beca&se there is either indeendent assortment or crossing2o'er( or
both( the data indicate that the three genes are not so tightly lin!ed
that .ero recombination occ&rred.
9! .hi&h meiosis is the main fo&us of stud+0 :a,el it on +our
dra'ing!
Answer: The main foc&s is meiosis occ&rring in the "# arent.
;! .h+ are the gametes from the tester not sho'n0
Answer: The gametes from the tester are not shown beca&se they
contrib&te nothing to the henotyic differences seen in the rogeny.
#<! .h+ are there onl+ eight phenot+pi& &lasses0 =re there an+
&lasses missing0
Answer: 4ight henotyic classes are e+ected for three a&tosomal
genes( whether or not they are lin!ed( when all three genes ha'e
simle dominant2recessi'e relationshis among their alleles. The
general form&la for the n&mber of e+ected henotyes is 5n ( where
n is the n&mber of genes being st&died.
##! .hat &lasses (and in 'hat proportions) 'ould ,e e*pe&ted if
all the genes are on separate &hromosomes0
Answer: -f the three genes were on searate chromosomes( the
e+ectation is a #:#:#:#:#:#:#:# ratio.
#-! >o 'hat do the four pairs of &lass si?es (ver+ ,ig, t'o
intermediates, ver+ small) &orrespond0
Answer: The fo&r classes of data corresond to the arentals
6largest7( two gro&s of single crosso'ers 6intermediate7( and do&ble
crosso'ers 6smallest7.
#1! .hat &an +ou tell a,out gene order simpl+ ,+ inspe&ting the
phenot+pi& &lasses and their fre@uen&ies0
Answer: By comaring the arentals with the do&ble crosso'ers(
gene order can be determined. The gene in the middle flis with
resect to the two flan!ing genes in the do&ble2crosso'er rogeny. -n
this case( one arental is $$$ and one do&ble crosso'er is $$. This
indicates that the gene for leaf color 67 is in the middle.
#3! .hat 'ill ,e the e*pe&ted phenot+pi& &lass distri,ution if
onl+ t'o genes are lin%ed0
Answer: -f only two of the three genes are lin!ed( the data can still be
gro&ed( b&t the gro&ing will differ from that mentioned in 6#57
abo'e. -n this sit&ation( the &nlin!ed gene will show indeendent
assortment with the two lin!ed genes. There will be one class
comosed of fo&r henotyes in aro+imately e*&al fre*&ency(
which combined will total more than half the rogeny. A second class
will be comosed of fo&r henotyes in aro+imately e*&al
fre*&ency( and the combined total will be less than half the rogeny.
"or e+amle( if the cross were a b/$ $ ; c/$ 8 a b/a b ; c/c( then the
arental class 6more fre*&ent class7 wo&ld ha'e fo&r comonents: a
b c( a b $( $ $ c( and $ $ $. The recombinant class wo&ld be a $ c( a
$ $( $ b c( and $ b $.
#5! .hat does the 'ord 7point refer to in a threeApoint
test&ross0 Boes this 'ord usage impl+ lin%age0 .hat 'ould a
fourApoint test&ross ,e li%e0
Answer: Point refers to loc&s. The &sage does not imly lin!age b&t
rather a testing for ossible lin!age. A fo&r2oint testcross wo&ld loo!
li!e the following: a/$ b/$ c/$ d/$ 8 a/a b/b c/c d/d.
#6! .hat is the definition of recombinant, and ho' is it applied
here0
Answer: A recombinant refers to an indi'id&al who has alleles
inherited from two different grandarents( both of whom were the
arents of the indi'id&al%s hetero.ygo&s arent. Another way to thin!
abo&t this term is that in the recombinant indi'id&al%s hetero.ygo&s
arent( recombination too! lace among the genes that were
inherited from his or her arents. -n this case( the recombination too!
lace in the "#( and the recombinants are among the "5 rogeny.
#8! .hat do the 7Ce&om,inant for &olumns mean0
Answer: The /recombinant for0 col&mns refer to secific gene airs
and rogeny that e+hibit recombination between those gene airs.
#9! .h+ are there onl+ three 7Ce&om,inant for &olumns0
Answer: There are three /recombinant for0 col&mns beca&se three
genes can be gro&ed in three different gene airs.
#;! .hat do the R/s mean, and ho' are the+ determined0
Answer: R refers to recombinant rogeny( and they contain different
config&rations of alleles than were resent in their hetero.ygo&s
arent.
-<! .hat do the &olumn totals signif+0 2o' are the+ used0
Answer: 9ol&mn totals indicate the n&mber of rogeny that
e+erience crossing2 o'er between the secific gene airs. They are
&sed to calc&late ma &nits between the two genes.
-#! .hat is the diagnosti& test for lin%age0
Answer: The diagnostic test for lin!age is a recombination fre*&ency
of significantly less than :; ercent.
--! .hat is a map unit0 4s it the same as a &entimorgan0
Answer: A ma &nit reresents # ercent crossing o'er and is the same
as a centimorgan.
-1! 4n a threeApoint test&ross su&h as this one, 'h+ aren/t the )# and
the tester &onsidered to ,e parental in &al&ulating re&om,ination0
(>he+ are parents in one sense!)
Answer: -n the tester( recombination cannot be detected in the gamete
contrib&tion to the rogeny beca&se the tester is homo.ygo&s. The "#
indi'id&als ha'e genotyes fi+ed by their arents% homo.ygo&s state and(
again( recombination cannot be detected in their henotyes.
Recombination between the P config&rations occ&rs when the "# forms
gametes and is detected in the henotyes of the "5 rogeny.
-3! .hat is the formula for interferen&e0 2o' are the 7e*pe&ted
fre@uen&ies &al&ulated in the &oeffi&ientAofA&oin&iden&e formula0
Answer: -nterference - < # 1 coefficient of coincidence < # 1 6obser'ed
do&ble crosso'ers/e+ected do&ble crosso'ers7. The e+ected do&ble
crosso'ers are e*&al to the 6fre*&ency of crossing o'er in the first region(
in this case between ' and 7 8 6fre*&ency of crossing o'er in the second
region( between and b7 8 n&mber of rogeny.
-5! .h+ does part c of the pro,lem sa+ 7if appropriate0
Answer: -f the three genes are not all lin!ed( then interference cannot be
calc&lated.
-6! 2o' mu&h 'or% is it to o,tain su&h a large progen+ si?e in
&orn0 .hi&h of the three genes 'ould ta%e the most 'or% to s&ore0
=ppro*imatel+ ho' man+ progen+ are represented ,+ one &orn&o,0
Answer: A great deal of wor! is re*&ired to obtain #;(;;; rogeny in corn
beca&se each seed on a cob reresents one rogeny. 4ach cob may
contain as many as 5;; seeds. =hile seed characteristics can be
assessed at the cob stage( for other characteristics s&ch as leaf color(
'iral sensiti'ity( and midriff color( each seed m&st be lanted searately
and assessed after germination and growth. The boo!!eeing tas! is
also enormo&s.
Soluo do Problema
a! Ds trEs genes esto ligados!
,! &omparando os parentais (mais fre@uente) &om
os duplos &ru?amentos (menos fre@uentes), a
ordem de gene F v p m! )oram - -<< re&om,inantes
entre # 5<< entre p e m e p e v! = fGrmula geral para
as unidades mapa serH ento"
u!m!= #<<I ((nJ de re&om,inantes)/ nJ total de
des&endentes, portanto, as unidades mapa entre
v e p = #<<I (- -<<)/#< <<< = -- u!m!,
e as unidades mapa entre
p e , = #<<I (# 5<<)/#< <<< = #5 u!m!
Knto o mapa de ligamento F assim resumido"
V p m
ALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAALA
-- m!u! #5 m!u!
&! 4 = # M re&om,inantes duplos o,servados/
re&om,inantes duplos esperados
* 1 + 132,-,22.-,1%.-1 .
* 1 + ,# * ,&
23. R. A. Emerson cruzou duas linhas puras diferentes de milho e obteve
uma F
1
fenotipicamente tipo selvagem heterozigtica para trs alelos que
determinam os fentipos recessivos: an anteras; br braqustica; e f fina.
Retrocruzou essa F
1
com um testador, homozigtico recessivo para os
trs genes e obteve os seguintes descendentes:
155 anteras; 11; ,ra@usti&a, fina; 99 &ompletamente tipo selvagem; 55 anteras,
,ra@usti&a, fina; -# fina; #8 anteras, ,ra@usti&a; - ,ra@usti&a; - anteras, fina!
a! @uais foram os genGtipos das linhas parentais0
,! Besenhe um mapa de ligamento dos trEs genes (in&lua as distn&ias mapa)!
&! Nal&ule o valor da interferEn&ia!
Answer:
a! ;y comparing the two most fre5uent classes "parentals( an br$ >$ an$ br ># to the least fre5uent classes ")<O( an$ br >$
an br8 ># the gene order can !e determined. $he gene in the middle switches with respect to the other two "the order is an >
br#. =ow the crosses can !e written fully.
& an >$ br$/an >$ br$ x an$ > br/an$ > br
'
1
an$ > br/an >$ br$ x an > br/an > br
'
2
-%% an >$ br$/an > br --9 an$ > br/an > br 5 parental
// an$ >$ br$/an > br %% an > br/an > br 5 <O an1>
21 an$ > br$/an > br 1> an >$ br/an > br 5 <O >1br
2 an$ >$ br/an > br 2 an > br$/an > br 5 )<O $otal6/>9
,! an1>( 1007 "// 8 %% 8 2 8 2#//>9 6 1..>2 m.u.
>1br( 1007 "21 8 1> 8 2 8 2#//>9 6 4.>/ m.u.
&! 3nterference 6 1 , "o!ser9ed )<O/expected )<O# 6 1 , 4/"0.1.>2#"0.04>/#"/>9#6 0.4-1
28. Em vrios cruzamentos do tipo geral A/AB/B a/aB/b os indivduos F
1
do tipo A/aB/b foram retrocruzados com a/aB/b. Os resultados foram os
seguintes:
(ara &ada grupo de des&endEn&ias, use o teste de O
-
para de&idir se hH evidEn&ias de
ligamento!
Answer:
Assume there is no lin4age. "$his is your hypothesis. 3f it can !e re?ected the genes are lin4ed.# $he expected 9alues would !e that
genotypes occur with e5ual fre5uency. $here are four genotypes in each case "n 6 4# so there are - degrees of freedom.
@
2
6 A "o
i
, e
i
#
2
/e
i
<ross 1( @
2
6 B"-10,-00#
2
8 "-1%,-00#
2
8 "2/>,-00#
2
8 "2//,-00#
2
C/-00 6 2.12..2 p D 0.%0 nonsignificant2 BE
0
C cannot !e re?ected
<ross 2( @
2
6 B"-.,-0#
2
8 "-/,-0#
2
8 "2-,-0#
2
8 "2-,-0#
2
C/-0 6 ...2 p D 0.10 nonsignificant2 hypothesis cannot !e re?ected
<ross -( @
2
6 B"-.0,-00#
2
8 "-/0,-00#
2
8 "2-0,-00#
2
8 "2-0,-00#
2
C/-00 6 ...02 p F 0.00% significant2 hypothesis must !e re?ected
<ross 4( @
2
6 B">4,.0#
2
8 ">2,.0#
2
8 "%0,.0#
2
8 "44,.0#
2
C/.0 6 11..02 p F 0.01 significant2 hypothesis must !e re?ected
Nru?amento teste da )# =/a!P/, a/a!P/, =/a!P/, a/a!P/,
1 -10 -1% 2/> 2//
2 -. -/ 2- 2-
- -.0 -/0 2-0 2-0
4 >4 >2 %0 44
31. No milho, um triplo heterozigtico foi obtido sendo portador de 3
alelos mutantes s (murcho), w
h
(aleurona branca) e W
a
(endosperma
ceroso), combinados com seus alelos do tipo selvagem, normais.
Este triplo heterozigoto foi retrocruzado para o triplo mutante, e a
descendncia produziu:
116 murcho; branca;
4 tipo selvagem;
2538 murcho;
601 murcho; ceroso;
626 branco;
2708 branca; ceroso;
2 murcho; branca; ceroso; e
113 ceroso.
a! Betermine se @ual@uer destes trEs loci esto ligados e, em &aso afirmativo, indi@ue as
distn&ias mapa!
,! Qostre o arranRo dos alelos no &romossoma do triplo hetero?igoto usado no test&ross!
&! Nal&ule a interferEn&ia, se for o &aso!
Answer:
a! and ,! =gain, the ,est 'a+ to determine 'hether there is lin%age is through &hiAs@uare anal+sis, 'hi&h indi&ates that it is highl+ unli%el+
that the three genes assort independentl+! >o determine lin%age ,+ simple inspe&tion, loo% at gene pairs! Pe&ause this is a test&ross,
independent assortment predi&ts a #"#"#"# ratio!
Nomparing shrun%en and 'hite, the fre@uen&ies are" + + (##1 + 3)/total
s w
h
(##6 + -)/total
+ w
h
(-8<9 + 6-6)/total
s + (-519 + 6<#)/total
>here is not independent assortment ,et'een shrun%en and 'hite, 'hi&h means that there is lin%age!
Nomparing shrun%en and 'a*+, the fre@uen&ies are" + + (6-6 + 3)/total
s w
a
(6<# + -)/total
+ w
a
(-8<9 + ##1)/total
s + (-519 + ##6)total
>here is not independent assortment ,et'een shrun%en and 'a*+, 'hi&h means that there is lin%age!
Nomparing 'hite and 'a*+, the fre@uen&ies are" + + (-519 + 3)/total
w
h
w
a
(-8<9 + -)/total
w
h
+ (6-6 + ##6)/total
+ w
a
(6<# + ##1)/total
>here is not independent assortment ,et'een 'a*+ and 'hite, 'hi&h means that there is lin%age!
Pe&ause all three genes are lin%ed, the strains must ,e + s +/wh + wa and wh s wa/wh s wa (&ompare most fre@uent S parentals, to least
fre@uent S dou,le &rossovers, to o,tain the gene order)!
>he &ross &an ,e 'ritten as"
(" + s +/w
h
+ w
a
* w
h
s w
a
/w
h
s w
a
)
#
as in pro,lem
Nrossovers ,et'een 'hite and shrun%en and shrun%en and 'a*+ are" ##1 6<#
##6 6-6
3 3
- -
-15 #-11
Bividing ,+ the total num,er of progen+ and multipl+ing ,+ #<< per&ent +ields the follo'ing map"
&! 4nterferen&e = # M (obser'ed do&ble crosso'ers/e+ected do&ble crosso'ers)
= # M 6/(<,<15)(<,#93)(6 8<9) = <!96
Teste: Sabe-se que nas cerejeiras um gene controla a cor do fruto [vermelho
(R-) dominante sobre o amarelo (rr)], e que outro gene controla a poca de
florao [precoce (E-) dominante sobre tardio (ee)]. Uma planta homozigtica
de frutos vermelhos e florao precoce, cruzada com uma planta de frutos
amarelos e florao tardia, produziu uma F
1,
que foi autofecundada e deu a
descendncia de 500 plantas na F
2
. A segregao dessas caractersticas foi a
seguinte:
Frutos vermelhos, precoce: 341
Frutos vermelhos, tardia : 26
Frutos amarelos, precoce : 32
Frutos amarelos, tardia : 101
a) D @ue di? a :ei de Qendel, da $egregaTo 4ndependente, e para o @ue apontaria neste &aso0
,) D teste do OU (@uiA@uadrado) &onfirmaria esses resultados o,tidos0
&) $e os resultados no &onfirmam a lei, &omo e*pli&aria essa falta de &onformidade0
d) Vual seria a posiTo dos genes e a sua distn&ia0
Answer:
(a) H
0
=[9: 3: 3: 1] means in/epen/ent assortment; that is, different gene pairs assort
independentl in gamete formation: [(3:1) ! (3: 1)]"
(#) $
%
= &%'(, df = three; The results are significantl different from what wo)ld #e
e!pe*ted )nder +ndependent Assortment"
(*) 01e 2enes are lin3e/ (that is, the are *lose to one another on the same *hromosome)
(d) ,ermelhos, pre*o*e: 3-
%
./-0.%0
%
=3/11'00=0,2(%;
,ermelhos, tardia: 0
%
.%-0=%21'00=0"0'%;
amarelos, pre*o*e: 0
%
.%-0=3%1'00=0,02/;
amarelos, tardia: -
%
= 1011'00 = 0,%0% =3 -=0,//9// =30=0,0'0''
=3 40 = %01%-.%0 = 01-.0 = 0,0'0''1=0,' =3 F$*1,114
F
2
(
"0G#
!
"0e#
!
"rG#
5
"re#
(
"0G#
P?
6RR447
PR
6RR4e7
PR
6Rr447
P?
6Rr4e7
R
"0e#
PR
6RR4e7
R?
6RRee7
R?
6Rr4e7
PR
6Rree7
R
"rG#
PR
6Rr447
R?
6Rr4e7
R?
6rr447
PR
6rr4e7
(
"re#
P?
6Rr4e7
PR
6Rr4e7
PR
6rr4e7
P?
6rree7
Teste: Foi feito uma experincia com a Drosophila
melanogaster, para determinar o ligamento entre trs
genes (a, b e c). As fmeas homozigticas,
fenotipicamente a,c, foram cruzadas com machos,
fenotipicamente b. As fmeas F
1
eram todas do tipo
selvagem e os machos F
1
eram a, c.
As fmeas e machos da F
1
foram cruzados, produzindo os
seguintes fentipos:
a) 4ndi@ue os genGtipos dos progenitores ini&iais!
,) 4ndi@ue os arranRos genotpi&os das drosGfilas fEmeas na )
#
!
&) Besenhe um mapa genFti&o mostrando a ordem dos genes e as
distn&ias entre eles!
d) Nal&ule a 4nterferEn&ia, se ne&essHrio (&aso &ontrHrio use 74 = <)!
Wmero de
H X
a +& 242 1#<
+,+ 2-/ <
a,+ 1%> <
++& 1.- #;<
a,& %9 <
+++ .1 -;5
a++ -/ -<5
+,& 42 <
>otal #<<< #<<<
Answer:
$he data clearly show sex lin4age due to disproportionate representation of phenotypic classes !etween the sexes.
a# &( a c !
8
I a
8
c
8
!
a c !
8
Y
!# '
1
a c !
8
I a c !
8

a
8
c
8
! Y
Joci order must !e a c ! !ecause the most rare '
2
classes of -/ and 42 flies each "due to )K<O# are a$$ and $bc.
c# aK!( Joo4 for recom!inants a ! "1%> 8 %9# and a
8
!
8
"1.- 8 .1# $otal 6 440 0' 6 440/1000 6 447
aKc( Joo4 for recom!inants a c
8
"1%> 8 -/# and a
8
c "1.- 8 42# $otal 6 400 0' 6 400/1000 6 0.40 or 407
!Kc( Joo4 for recom!inants ! c "%9 8 42# and !
8
c
8
".1 8 -/# $otal 6 200 0' 6 200/1000 6 0.20 or 207
d# Gxpected )K<O 6 0.4 * 0.2 * 1000 6 /0 O!ser9ed )K<O 6 /02 therefore 3nterference "3# 6 0. $he correct answer is L3 6 0.M
*
#
a
4072 u.m.2 cN
2072 u.m.2 cN
Se AABB for cruzado com aabb e a F
1
for sujeita a um
cruzamento teste, que percentagem da descendncia
do cruzamento teste ser aabb se os dois genes
estiverem:
a) no ligados
b) completamente ligados (s/ crossing-over)
c) distanciados 10 %.
d) distanciados 24 u.m.
Em trigo (Triticum aestivum), a cor do gro
determinada por mltiplos genes duplicados, cada um
com um alelo R e um alelo r. Qualquer nmero de alelos
R d cor vermelha. A completa ausncia de alelos R d
a cor branca. Na descendncia F
2
resultante do
cruzamento entre uma linha pura vermelha e uma linha
pura branca, obtiveram-se 63/64 vermelhas e 1/64
brancas.
a) Quantos genes R esto a segregar neste sistema?
b) Mostre os gentipos dos progenitores, F
1
e F
2
.
c) Suponha que cruza diferentes plantas da F
2
com o progenitor
branco. D exemplos de gentipos que dariam as seguintes
propores:
(i) 1 vermelho: 1 branco;
(ii) 3 vermelhos: 1 branco;
(iii)7 vermelhos: 1 branco.
Construa um mapa cromosmico relativo aos genes
mutantes: sepia (s), spinless(sp) e dichaet (d),
sabendo que na populao resultante dum cruzamento
teste de um trihbrido se encontraram os seguintes
fentipos:
s d sp 485
+ + + 492
+ d sp 108
s + + 112
+ d + 9
s + sp 6
+ + sp 102
s d + 105
TOTAL = 1419
5
5
5
6
6
i
ii
iii
No milho o mapa gentico de parte do cromossoma 4 o
seguinte, onde w, s e e representam alelos mutantes
recessivos que afectam a cor e a forma do plen:
w (8 u.m.)s (14 u.m.)e
Se for feito o seguinte cruzamento: +++/+++ x wse/wse, e
a F
1
for submetida a um cruzamento teste com
wse/wse, e supondo no haver interferncia nessa
regio do cromossoma, que propores da
descendncia tero os seguintes gentipos:
a) + + +;
b) w s e;
c) + s e;
d) w + +;
e) + + e;
f) w s +;
g) w + e;
h) + s +.
Dado o mapa cromosmico abaixo e o coeficiente de
coincidncia igual a 0,8 calcule as propores
fenotpicas a esperar do cruzamento entre uma fmea
abc/+++ com macho abc/ab+.
A %,%4 C &,%4 6
Uma planta hbrida de Salvia
tendo no seu genoma um par
de cromossomas de que o
esquema representa uma
fraco do respectivo "mapa",
foi utilizada como progenitor
masculino num cruzamento
com outra planta, de gentipo
correspondente, tambm
esquematizado:
Supondo que a coincidncia
de 80%, indique a proporo
fenotpica da descendncia
desse cruzamento.
Q K epistOtico ,ran&o "para a cPr da flPr#
m K recessi9o do epistOtico "sem
e*presso prQpria#
( K coloraRSo purprea da flor
p K coloraRSo vermelha da flPr
$# $- e $1 , alelos de autoK
incompati!ilidade
#< &Q #< &Q
3 &Q 3 &Q