The State University of Medicine and

Pharmacy N. Testemitanu
Chief of Histology, Cytology and Embryology departament
Lilian Saptefrati
Vice Chief of Histology, Cytology and Embryology departament
Tatiana Globa
Theme Nr.7
EPITHELIAL TISSUE.
GLANDS.
The human body is composed of only four
basic types of tissues:
-epithelial,
-connective,
-muscular, and
-nervous.
Each tissues consist of:
-cells and
-extracellular matrix.
Types of tissues
Organs can be divided into parenchyma,
which is composed of the cells responsible
for main functions typical of the organ, and
stroma, which is the supporting tissues.
Characteristics of epithelial tissues
are formed of epithelial cells,
the extracellular matrix is almost absent,
the cells are linked by the intercellular
junctions,
they are located on the basement
membrane,
Characteristics of epithelial tissues
structural and functional
polarity,
no blood vessels( the
cells receive nutrition by
diffusion),
good nerve supply,
good regeneration,
were formed from all
embryonic layers
Function of epithelial tissues are:
barrier,
absorption
and excretion,
protection,
secretion,
sensory,
transport.
Basement membrane.
This is extracellular
material which separates
epithelial cells from the
connective tissues, and this
is a result of functional
activity of they.
The basement membrane is
composed of :
-basal lamina (lamina
lucidum and densa) -
laminin and collagen types
IV
-reticular lamina-collagen type
III anchoring fibrils-collagen
type VII
Basement membrane.
Functions of basement
membrane.
influence cell polarity,
regulate cell proliferation and
differentiation (growth factors),
influence cell metabolism and survival,
serve as pathways for cell migration.
Intercellular junctions:
Intercellular junctions:
Intercellular junctions:
Microvilli
Functional classification of
epithelium.
Covering ,lining epithelia
covers organs from outer
and inner surface.
Granular epithelia
-endocrine glands,
-exocrine glands.
Sensory epithelia
-taste bulbs
-olfaction
-organ of hearing
Structural classification of
epithelium
By structure:
( cells relationship to the
basement membrane)
- simple (single
layer of the cells on
basement
membrane)
- stratified
(multiple layer, and
its name is
determined by height
layer of the cells)
Types of cells dimension
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Simple squamous epithelium
(isomorphous)
one thin layer of flattened
(squamous) cells,
the nucleus generally
ovoid and cause a bungle
at the center of the cell.
Simple squamous epithelium
(isomorphous)
WHERE?
-lining inner part of the
blood vessels
( endothelium),
- inner surface of serous
membranes
(mesothelium),
- lung alveoli,
- Bowmans capsule
Simple squamous epithelium
mesothelium -
(peritoneal, pleural,
pericardial cavities)
Simple cuboidal epithelium
(isomorphous)
single layer of
cuboidal cells,
they are the same
height and width,
nucleus- round,
central located.
WHERE?
- in glandular ducts,
- kidneys tubules.
Simple columnar ( cylindrical)
epithelium.
single layer of
columnar cells,
they are taller than
they are width,
nuclei tend to be
elongated and are
often located on
basal or central
portion of the cells.
Simple columnar (cylindrical)
epithelium (isomorphous).
Simple columnar epithelium.
Where?
- lines the digestive tract ,
-female reproductive tract.
Variants of apical surface:
- with microvilli (brush
border) and goblet cell,
- cilia.
Simple columnar epithelium.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
nuclei located in at least
two more-or-less distinct
levels
!!! But in fact every cell rest
on the basement
membraneonly the
columnar (tall) cells
reach the luminal
surface, so the
epithelium is technically
simple.
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
WHERE?
-walls of the urinary tract.
!!! This kind of epithelium
can change its shape from
cuboidal to squamous.
Stratified epithelia
keratinized non-keratinized
- squamous
-squamous,
- cuboidal,
- columnar.
Stratified squamous non-keratinized
superficial
intermedium
(spinosum)
basal
WHERE?
the oral cavity,
esophagus,
anus and rectum, vagina and cervix.
Stratified squamous keratinized
corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basal
Stratum granulosum
Stratum bazale
Stratum spinosum
Stratified squamous keratinized
Transitional epithelium (urothelium)
superficial
intermedium
basal
- cells specialized to produce secretion,
- this secret is stored into vesicles (secretory
granules),
- exist two variants of glands ( endocrine and
exocrine),
- exocrine glands have ducts, endocrine glands
exocytosed into bloodstream.
Types of glands: unicellular- goblet cells
multicellular endo- and exocrine
glands.
Glandular epithelia
Depends of secretory portion of
glands they can be:
plus simple (nonbranched) or
branched
Exocrine glands
Serous cells
Mucous cells
Mixed cells
Simple squamous epithelium-
mesothelium
Esophago-gastric junction
Simple pseudostratified
columnar ciliated epithelium
Stratified squamous
keratinized epithelium
Simple tubular unbranched
gland - cat uterus.