APPLICATIONS OF CHAOS-BASED SYSTEMS

IN COMMUNICATIONS
Alexandru SERBANESCU, PhD, Member IEEE
Military Technical Academy, Bucharest, Romania
E-mail ser!al"mta#ro
Adelaida MATEESCU, PhD, D#hc#, Senior Member IEEE
Uni$ersity %Politehnica&, Bucharest, Romania
E-mail mateescu"comm#'u!#ro
I Introduction
Most 'eo'le li(e to ha$e a sense o) order and 'redicta!ility in their li$es# They li(e to
'lan )or the )uture and (no* that there is a reasona!le 'ro!a!ility o) seein+ their dreams
)ul)illed# ,o*e$er, the natural *orld around us, in s'ite o) its out*ard !eauty and lon+e$ity,
seem to de)y all e))orts at 'redictin+ its )uture# Man(ind has not yet learned the secrets to
'redict the )uture# Can *e im'ro$e our a!ility to )oresee the conse-uences o) our seemin+ly
little actions, or it is ho'elessly di))icult as Poincar. seemed to im'ly in /012
%A very small cause with escape our notice determines a considerable effect that we cannot
fail to see even if the case that natural laws had no longer secret for us we could only
know the initial situation approximately it may happen that small differences in initial
conditions produce very great ones in the final phenomena&
I.1. Chaos: Generating complexity from simplicity
3t is $ery di))icult to )ormulate a de)inition o) chaos that is uni$ersal# Paradi+ms o)
chaos are intended to con$ey intuiti$ely ho* $ery com'lex !eha$ior can arise in nature# To
understand chaos *e must ans*er the -uestion %,o* set o) attri!utes uni-uely distin+uishes
chaos )rom other )orms o) com'lexity4& Secondly, o) )undamental im'ortance is the -uestion
%Does chaos occu'y a distin+uished 'osition in the uni$erse, in !iolo+ical systems, or in some
realm o) human endea$or4 5or exam'le, is chaos the en+ine o) li)e4 3s chaos the en+ine o)
solar systems4& At 'resent, *e are not a!le to ans*er these -uestions# 3t does not ex'lain ho*
somethin+ com'lex can !e +enerated )rom somethin+ sim'le# 6n the other hand, *e
constructed exam'les to sho* that chaotic ma's can +enerate com'lexity )rom sim'le initial
conditions#
7hile chaos is the study o) ho* sim'le systems can +enerate com'licated !eha$ior,
com'lexity is the study o) ho* com'licated systems can +enerate sim'le !eha$ior#
Com'lex systems are s'atially and8or tem'orally extended nonlinear systems
characteri9ed !y collecti$e 'ro'erties associated *ith the system as a *hole and that are
di))erent )rom the characteristic !eha$iors o) constituent 'arts#
I.2. What is chaos?
A deterministic system is 'er)ectly 'redicta!le +i$en 'er)ect (no*led+e o) the initial
conditions and it is in 'ractice al*ays 'redicta!le in the short term#
Chaos e))ecti$ely un'redicta!le lon+ time !eha$ior arisin+ in a deterministic
dynamical system !ecause o) sensiti$ity to initial conditions#
5or a dynamical system to !e chaotic it must ha$e a lar+e set o) initial conditions,
*hich are hi+hly unsta!le#
:
I.3. A Nonlinear Dynamic Approach.
To understand o!ser$ed 'henomena is li(ely to !e the most )undamental +oal in
science# 3n order to achie$e such a challen+e o!;ecti$e, scientists, throu+hout the centuries,
ha$e )ollo*ed a num!er o) 'rocedures# The need to understand, -uanti)y and analy9e
o!ser$ed 'henomena has al*ays ser$ed as a moti$ation to de$elo' mathematical models#
I.. Why a nonlinear science?
5irstly, linearity is rather s'ecial and no model o) real system is truly linear# Secondly,
nonlinear systems ha$e !een sho*n to exhi!it sur'risin+ and com'lex e))ects that *ould
ne$er !e antici'ated !y scientist trained only in linear techni-ues# Prominent exam'les o)
these include !i)urcation, chaos and solitons# Non-linearity has its most 'ro)ound e))ects on
dynamical systems# 5urther, *hile *e can enumerate the linear o!;ects, nonlinear ones are no
denumera!le and as o) yet mostly unclassi)ied#
Nonlinear science has a''lications to *ide $ariety o) )ields, )rom mathematics,
'hysics !iolo+y and chemistry, to en+ineerin+, economics and medicine# 3t !rin+s researches
)rom many disci'lines to+ether *ith a common lan+ua+e<
I.!. What is a dynamical system?
A dynamical system consists o) an a!stract 'hase s'ace =or state s'ace>, *hose
coordinates descri!e the dynamical rule *hich s'eci)ies the immediate )uture trend o) all state
$aria!le, +i$en only the 'resent $alue o) those same state $aria!les#
A dynamical system can ha$e discrete or continuous time#
- The discrete case is de)ined !y a ma'
/
= >
n n
f
+
= that +i$es the state
/ n

+
resultin+
)rom the state
n
at the next time $alue#
- The continuous case is de)ined !y a %)lo*&
1
= > = , > t t = *hich +i$es the state at
time t, +i$en that the state *as
1
at time t?1#
II. C"#o$ in co%%unic#tion$
There has !een si+ni)icant interest in recent years in ex'loitin+ chaotic dynamics in
communications @/A-@BA, @/0A# The +eneral set-u' to !e considered is sho*n in 5i+#/# An
in)ormation si+nal in)luences in some *ay the transmitter system, *hich 'roduces a chaotic
out'ut si+nal# This si+nal contains the in)ormation, !ut it is in$isi!le to the o!ser$er *ho has
no (no*led+e a!out the transmitter system# The recei$er, *ho 'ossesses this (no*led+e, then
re'roduces the in'ut si+nal or at least an a''roximation o) it#
5i+#/ The +eneral set-u' to !e considered
C
&'t( )'t( $'t(
Recei$ed
3n)ormation si+nal
Transmitted
si+nal
3n)ormation
si+nal
Tr#n$%itt*r
'c"#otic(
+*c*i,*r
There are )e* +ood years since *as 'redicted and 'ro$ed the 'ossi!ility o) usin+
chaos )or communications# Since then, the amount o) 'a'ers increased day !y day, 'ro$in+
the tremendous interest *orld*ide in ex'loitin+ chaos in *ide!and communications systems#
6$er 'ast ten years, ne* chaos-!ased s'readin+ techni-ues ha$e !een de$elo'ed
chaotic mas(in+, chaotic modulation, chaos shi)t (eyin+ =CSD> and 'redicti$e Poincare
control =or sym!olic> modulation# The )irst t*o techni-ues s'read analo+ in)ormation data !y
chaotic si+nals, the remainin+ methods s'read !inary in)ormation data#
5i+# E The attractor o) the Chua circuit
Chaotic modulation has !een 'ro'osed )or s'read s'ectrum =SS> and code di$ision
multi'le access =CDMA> communication# 3t em!eds the messa+e in the !i)urcatin+ 'arameter
o) a chaotic dynamical system and uses the *ide!and out'ut o) a chaotic system as the
transmitted si+nal @//A# The messa+e si+nal can !e used to modulate the carrier directly, +i$en
to the carrier also )unctions o) s'ectrum-s'readin+ si+nal# The corres'ondin+ Chaotic Di+ital
Code-Di$ision Multi'le Access
E
= > C! MA system is sho*n in 5i+# 2 and 5i+# F#
The most o) existin+ communication schemes rely hea$ily on the synchroni9ation or
'hase loc(in+ o) the transmitter and the recei$er# Synchroni9ation is used !oth )or
demodulation and, in the case o) di+ital communications, )or the cloc( extraction# Chaos
!ased communication schemes inherit this necessity to ha$e the transmitter and recei$er
o'eratin+ in synchrony# Althou+h synchroni9ation o) chaotic oscillators is easily achie$a!le
in ideal la!oratory settin+, maintainin+ it o$er real *orld !and-limited channels, in the
'resence o) noise, 'hase and am'litude distortions and inter-channel inter)erence leads to
serious challen+es @/2A#
G
5i+# F Simulation o) a
E
= > C! MA system
B
+F
D*%odu-#tor
S)nc"roni.#tion
Fi-t*r
y't(/I't(
Di0it#-
%*$$#0*
r't(
Di0it#-
%*$$#0*
S1r*#din0
2unction
+F
m't(
c't(
x't(
3*)
$i0n#-
C"#otic
$)$t*%
C"#otic
$)$t*%
S1r*#din0
2unction
3*)
$i0n#-
c't(
5i+# 2 The Bloc( dia+ram o) a system
III. C"#otic-4#$*d cr)1to$)$t*%$
The cry'to+ra'hy is as old as the need o) sendin+ con)idential messa+es )or lon+
distances and 'rotected stored data# No*, in the time o) com'uter +lo!al communication and
mo!ile tele'hony, there is a necessity o) creatin+ ne*, !ut )ast and secure al+orithms o)
encry'tion and decry'tion#
Chaos and cry'to+ra'hy ha$e some common )eatures, the most 'rominent !ein+
sensiti$ity to $aria!les and 'arameters chan+es# The crucial 'oints in chaotic cry'to+ra'hy are
continuous-$alue in)ormation and the usa+e o) continuous- $alue systems, *hich may o'erate
in continuous or discrete time @/FA-@/GA, @/0A#
Since )or chaotic stream ci'hers only sel)-synchroni9in+ schemes are a''lica!le, the
)ocus has !een set on these classes# Dey-stream )unctions consistin+ o) linear com!inations o)
delayed out'ut $alues !eha$e in their elementary )orm in a similar manner !ut sho*
si+ni)icant di))erences *hen they are com!ined )or hi+her com'lexity# 7hereas no -ualitati$e
im'ro$ements in terms o) the linear (ey-stream com'lexity can !e achie$ed *ith
con$entional systems, chaotic ci'her may lead to structures *ith in)inite linear (ey-stream
com'lexity# There are many methods that encry't each character o) the messa+e as the inte+er
num!er o) iterations 'er)ormed in the lo+istic e-uation# Encry'tion rounds o) a cry'to+ra'hic
al+orithm lead to the desired di))usion and con)usion 'ro'erties o) the al+orithm# 3n a similar
manner, iterations o) the chaotic ma' s'read the initial re+ion o$er the entire 'hase s'ace
*hile the 'arameters o) the chaotic ma' may re'resent the (ey o) the encry'tion al+orithm#
,ere *e 'resent a chaos !ased secret (ey al+orithm usin+ the sim'le one-dimensional lo+istic
ma'
( )
n n n
x x r x =
+
/
/
, *here
( ) / , 1
n
x
and
( ) F , G # 2 r
is the control 'arameter set to
ma(e the lo+istic ma' to ha$e a chaotic !eha$ior#
5i+# : Hra'hical inter)ace o) a chaotic-!ased cry'tosystem
0
The messa+e to !e transmitted is a text com'osed !y some al'ha!et and *e associate
'ortions =e-inter$als> o) the attractor ="#$ %& domain> *ith al'ha!et characters# As 'ro'osed in
@/:A the ci'her-text o) some character ='laintext> is the num!er o) iterations a''lied to lo+istic
ma' to ma(e its tra;ectory, de'artin+ )rom an initial condition x
#
reach an e'interval associated
*ith that character# Concernin+ the num!er o) iterations needed to reach a certain inter$al I
n
*e ha$e numerically $eri)ied that this num!er can !ecome -uite lar+e )or certain initial
conditions# So, in order to ensure a reasona!ly num!er o) iterations in any situation, *e ha$e
decided to di$ide )irst the *hole attractor into f +rou's and then each +rou' is di$ided into S
e'intervals#
To decry't de messa+e, at the recei$er side, the lo+istic ma' is iterated *ith the same
initial condition as much times as indicated !y the ci'her-text# The 'osition o) the )inal 'oint,
*ith res'ect to the S e'intervals 'oints out the ori+inal character to the recei$er# The
encry'tion (ey is re'resented !y the initial condition x
#,
!ut also, !y the 'arameter r and the
num!er f o) +rou's# A chaotic-!ased cry'tosystem is simulated in 5i+# :#
Conditions )or military data transmissions are assurance o) inte+rity and 'rotection o)
the data# 5or these +oals can !e used classical methods )or 'rotection# 3nstead o) these, *e use
a hy!rid method, *hich allo*s classical methods and in$ol$es ne* ones @/CA#
5i+# C# Data transmission on sin+le circuit#
3n 5i+# C is re'resented a classical transmission !et*een t*o di+ital terminals =DT>
throu+h s'eci)ic inter)ace =3NT># The net*or( creates, on demand, a sin+le internal route# This
route is ex'osed to ;ammin+ and interce'tion# 7e use a method, *hich in$ol$es a multi'le
route# A hi+h de+ree o) ro!ustness a+ainst ;ammin+ and interce'tion is achie$ed# 5or this is
necessary to create a s'ecial inter)ace =MR int> *hich is ca'a!le to s'lit the ori+inal source o)
in)ormation and to 'ro$ide to the net*or( inter)ace as a set o) a multi'le inde'endent source
o) data# The method is 'resented in 5i+# G# 5or increasin+ the %'o*er& o) the method,
5i+# G# Data transmission on multi'le circuits#
/1
DT/ 3NT/ 3NTE DTE
N*t5or6

Int*rn#- rout* 'circuit(
DT/
3NTE 3NTC
DTE
N*t5or6
F 3nde'endent circuits
M+
int.1
3NT/
3NT2
3NT:
3NTG
M+
int.2
3NTF 3NTB
C7 1
M#$t*r
C7 2
S-#,*
)or s'littin+ method a chaotically numerical si+nal +enerators =CH> are in$ol$ed# The
chaotically se-uence is +enerated externally, and is sent also to the recei$er usin+ a se'arate
channel =route>#
I8. C"#o$ contro-
Since in certain situations chaos leads to serious 'ro!lems or e$en catastro'hic
com'lications, the interest in disco$erin+ methods to control chaotic systems has a $ery a
solid 'ractical 'ur'ose# 3n theory, a chaotic system can reach an unlimited num!er o) sta+es,
all o) them unsta!le and succeedin+ in a totally un'redicta!le manner# That is *hy, in most
cases, the 'er)ormance o) the system can !e +reatly im'ro$ed !y controllin+ its de$elo'ment
so that the system is sta!ili9ed *ithin one o) its unsta!le sta+es# This idea *as )irst ad$anced
!y 6tt, Hre!o+i and Ior(e @/2A and e$er since it has !een +ainin+ more and more attention in
the scienti)ic community and has !een success)ully a''lied in en+ineerin+, 'hysics and
medicine# No*, there is a +ro*in+ !elie) that chaos could actually !e a +ood thin+ in some
systems, i) there are methods to ex'loit and control it, !y usin+ its dynamic characteristics
@/0A#
The o!;ecti$e o) any control mechanism is to trans)orm a +i$en initial state into a
desired state, *hich meets certain -uality and 'er)ormance 'arameters# This +oal is achie$ed
!y means o) control si+nals, *hich in)luence the control $aria!les or a system $aria!le
accordin+ to a control strate+y# The idea o) control o$er chaos re'resents a )undamental !rea(
)rom the 're$ious a''roaches since, *hile the system remains in a chaotic state, it is also
sta!ili9ed on one o) the unsta!le 'eriodic or!its =UP6># Throu+h small 'ertur!ations, the
un'redicta!le =undesira!le> dynamic is trans)ormed in 'redicta!le =desira!le> !eha$ior
*ithout ma;or chan+es to the )unctionin+ conditions# The method 'ro'osed !y 6tt, Hre!o+i
and Ior(e, (no*n today as 6HI, allo*s us to rethin( the role o) chaos and leads us to
interestin+ a''lications such as the control o) atrial )i!rillation and e'ile'sy# 3n many cases
chaos can e$en !e $ie*ed as an ad$anta+e since it allo*s the +eneration o) an in)inite num!er
o) 'eriodical or non-'eriodical !eha$iors !y usin+ the same chaotic system *ith minimum
$ariations reali9ed !y a''lyin+ small 'ertur!ations to one o) the control 'arameters or system
$aria!les# An exam'le is so*n in 5i+# B# A )urther de$elo'ment to this theory *as the lar+er
idea o) directin+ +eneral states on chaotic attractors and that o) &anti-chaos control&, *hich
aims to sustain or determine the chaotic state#
5i+# B The 6HI control method a''lied to Du))in+ system
//
8. C"#o$ in r*#- 5or-d #11-ic#tion$
V.1. Chaos in the Atmosphere
3t is -uite natural that athmo)eric chaos *ould !e one o) the )irst tar+ets o) the modern
chaos theory, a)ter all, Ed*ard Joren9 *as a meteorolo+ist# ,is 'a'er on deterministic non-
'eriodic )lo* is considered !y many to !e the !irth o) chaos theory# 3n studyin+ the !eha$ior
o) a +aseous system, Joren9 sim'li)ied the Na$ier-Sto(es e-uations and had 'roduced a set o)
three ordinary loo(in+ nonlinear di))erential e-uations# These three e-uations loo( innocent
enou+h, ho*e$er they exhi!it chaotic !eha$ior and they are extremely sensiti$e to initial
conditions#
V.. Chaos in the !"man #ody$
3t has !een ar+ued that some cardiac arrhythmias are instances o) chaos# This o'ens
the door to ne* strate+ies o) control# This contrasted *ell *ith the 'eriodic method, *hich
*as ne$er success)ul in restorin+ a 'eriodic rhythm, and e$en sho*ed a tendency to ma(e the
rhythm more a'eriodic# There)ore, !esides 'ro$idin+ a success)ul method o) control, the
method *ould !e a less dramatic intrusion into the 'atientKs system#
Similar e))orts are !ein+ made to control e'ile'tic !rain sei9ures, *hich exhi!it
chaotic !eha$ior# This techni-ue controls !y *aitin+ )or the system to ma(e a close a''roach
to an unsta!le )ixed 'oint alon+ the sta!le direction# 3t then ma(es a minimal inter$ention to
!rin+ the system !ac( on the sta!le mani)old# A+ain, an im'ortant !ene)it is the minimal
amount o) inter$ention re-uired to control the chaotic e$ent#
V.%. Chaos in earth&"a'e dynamics
The earth-ua(es are the result o) )rictional insta!ilities that allo* sudden sli''in+ to
occur !et*een )airly ri+id se+ments o) the earthKs crust, thus releasin+ stored elastic ener+y#
7hat is the ori+in o) the un'redicta!ility o) the timin+ and stren+th o) earth-ua(e4
This -uestion )orms the !asis o) ma;or research e))orts in +eo'hysics# 3t seems -uite 'ossi!le
that chaos is also an im'ortant 'art o) the 'ro!lem o) understandin+ real earth-ua(e# 5or
exam'le, a numerically simulated model 'roduces chaotic s'atio-tem'oral dynamics in the
sense that un un'redicta!le se-uence o) sli''in+ e$ents occurs some in$ol$in+ many !loc(s
and some only a )e*# The )re-uency distri!ution o) smaller e$ents is a''roximately a 'o*er
la*, althou+h $ery lar+e e$ents are much more )re-uent than the 'o*er lo* *ould 'redict#
V.(. Chaos in )errestrial *cean
The le$els o) the ocean *ater are all )luctuations that ha$e +reater than a )e* minutes
duration# The interest in nonlinear methods stems )rom the historical di))iculty o) ma(in+
accurate 'redictions o) *ater de'th in 'orts, har!ors and estuaries#
The classic descri'tion o) the ocean sur)ace as stochastic is o)ten correct# There are
times, ho*e$er, *hen seemin+ly irre+ular !eha$ior is deterministic# Analysis o) ocean +ra$ity
*a$es sho*s unam!i+uous lo* dimensional dynamics#
Recent studies ha$e sho*n that dynamics o) *ater le$els at coastal and estuary tide
stations can !e treated as lo* dimensional chaotic system#

/E
V.+. ,conomic politics in comm"nications modeled on chaotic systems
Mathematical simulation is !ased on the )act that the )unctionality o) the systems is
re'resented !y interactions !et*een )lo*s o) in)ormation, orders, resources, 'ersonnel, etc# A
dynamic model sho*s the com'lex !eha$ior o) systems, em'hasi9in+ ho* their inner
structure in)luences their tra;ectory and time !eha$ior#
The di))erent techno-economic 'olitics and the mana+erial decision are a com'romise
!et*een +oals and resources# 3n @/BA *e 'ro'ose an analysis )or the e$olution o) the num!er
o) clients in a communication net*or(#
5or economic reasons, *e are interested in the e$olution o) the system in time# The
system e$olution can ta(e the )ollo*in+ )orms Di$er+ence *ith nodal source or )ix 'oint or
con$er+ence to )ix 'oint, node or 'eriodic or!it# Besides the o!$ious economic inter'retation
o) di$er+ence and sin( )ix 'oint, *e see in this model that the existence o) economic cycles
and sta!le 'eriodic or!its =sta!le limit cycle> *ere con)irmed @/BA, @/0A#
3) *e consider the )unction o) in$estment, a )unction that contains the di))erence
!et*een desired ca'ital =D
L
> and its actual $alue =D>
> =
L
( ( I ( = =

, *here MN1
re'resents the s'eed o) ca'ital ad;ustment, *e o!tain the second order accelerator model#
3n any economic acti$ity, the re$enues are )inally redirected to consum'tion and
in$estment# Because in$estments in)luence 'roduction, re$enues and consum'tion, the
re'artition o) re$enues !et*een consum'tion and in$estment must !e done *ith +reat care#
So, in$estment increase determines a +ro*th in 'roduction and re$enues, and re$enue +ro*th
+enerates +ro*th in consum'tion ex'enses, *hich in turn moti$ates and encoura+es )uture
in$estments# The accelerator 'rinci'le ex'resses and measures the e))ect o) re$enue +ro*th
o$er in$estment under the stimulatin+ e))ect o) +ro*th in consum'tion# The accelerator +i$es
us a theoretical ex'lanation )or $ariations in stoc(s o) ca'ital# The increase in demand a''ears
as an inde'endent $aria!le and so, the accelerator 'rinci'le considers in$estment as a $aria!le
de'endent on increase in demand#
3n conclusion, i) *e ha$e a lo* le$el o) in$estments in the net*or( =mar(et demands
are lo* or the )inancial resources are missin+> the system tends to an e-uili!rium state
*ithout exterior in$estment# 5irst the net*or( *ill !eha$e li(e an oscillatin+ system and then
*ill +o to e-uili!rium state# 3) demands increase, an in$estment )or de$elo'in+ the system or
a technolo+ical chan+e is necessary# To ha$e a de$elo'ment in strict accordance *ith net*or(
needs, the share o) in$estments must !e correlated *ith estimated 'ro)it $alue that can !e
+enerated !y increase in system ca'acity and 'er)ormance @/BA#
Ac6no5-*d0*%*nt9 the author *ould li(e to than( my students and PhD students )or
$alua!le discussions and their extensi$e com'uter simulation ex'eriments# My s'ecial than(s
+o to Codrut 3rimia, Dorin Andrei, Doru Munteanu, Bo+dan Cristea, Constantin Cehan,
Ci'rian Baston, and Petrica Ciotirnae#
8I. +*2*r*nc*$
@/A To*ard a ne* di+ital communication technolo+y !ased on non-linear dynamics and chaos#
Ad$anced Conce't 7or(sho', O Communication !y Chaos Di+ital si+nal +eneration !y
sim'le non-linear de$icesO, or+ani9ed !y Mathematical and Com'uter Sciences Di$ision#
the Electronics Di$ision and the Physics Di$ision o) the Army Research 6))ice, USA,
)une %**+,
@EA Per!Qnescu, Al#, Com'ortQri haotice ale sistemelor dinamice =electrice> neliniare, Re$ista
ATM, anul R, nr# E, /00:#
/2
@2A Per!anescu Al#, Ra'ort de cercetare la tema OA'licaSii ale teoriei haosului Tn domeniul
militarO, MA'N- D3A, ATM, BucureUti, /00C#
@FA Per!Qnescu Al#, Sistemes et Si+naux )ace au chaos, ca'# : in Electroni-ue, Physi-ue et
si+nal 'our les telecommunication, Mateescu, Ad#, Himenes, C# =Eds#>, Editura Tehnica,
BucureUti, /00G#
@:A Per!Qnescu, Al#, Ciotarnae, P#, 3terati$e as'ects in nonlinear dynamic systems *ith chaotic
!eha$ioral, Proc# o) 3nternational Con)# o) Uni$ersity the 7est, TimiUoara, Romania,
/0-E/ mai, /00G#
@CA Per!Qnescu, Al#, 7hy Di+ital Communications usin+ Chaos, A5CEA Sym'#, BucureUti,
Romania, /00B#
@GA Per!Qnescu, Al#, Noi tehnolo+ii 'entru comunicaSii, Sim'o9ion A5CEA, BucureUti,
Romania, E111#
@BA Per!Qnescu, Al#,Comunicatii de !anda lar+a )olosind sisteme dinamice haotice, Ed# ATM,
Bucuresti, E111#
@0A Per!Qnescu, Al#, PetricQ CiotTrnae ,%Synchroni9ations methods in communication on
chaotic carrier&, Proc# o) 3ntern# Con)# CommunicationsV 0C, BucureUti, EG-E0 no$#, /00C#
@/1A Per!Qnescu, Al#, PetricQ CiotTrnae,%,i+her-order statistical analysis o) chaotic se-uences
)or s'read s'ectrum systems&, CA3MV 00, Uni$#, PiteUti, /000#
@//A Per!Qnescu, Al#, 3rimia CodruS, Munteanu Doru, Andrei Dorin, %Results in simulation
o) s'read s'ectrum systems !ased on chaos&, Sym'# ETc# E111, TimiUoara, Romania, E2-
EF no$# E111#
@/EA Per!Qnescu, Al#, Ne+ulescu, Al#, Blaise, M#, Hael, C#, %Chaotic modulation !ased on
e$olutionary strate+ies&, 3ntern# Con)# Communications E111, BucureUti, Romania, G-0
dec#, E111#
@/2A Per!Qnescu, A#, PetricQ CiotTrnae , Andrei, D#, Munteanu, D#, %Studiu com'arati$ 'ri$ind
metodele de modulaSie Ui sincroni9are )olosite Tn comunicaSiile haotice,& Ra'ort )a9Q
Hrant ANST3 cu tema WComunicaSii de !andQ lar+Q )olosind sisteme dinamice haotice&,
noiem!rie, E111#
@/FA Tutanescu, 3#, 3rimia, C#, Ser!anescu A#, %Desi+n and Simulation o) a Chaotic-Based
Cri'tosystem& in Proc# o) %Communications E111&, Bucharest, dec#, E111#
@/:A Cristea, B#, Cehan C#, Ser!anescu A#, %A''lications o) Chaos Theory in Cry'to+ra'hy&
in Proc# o) 3ntern# Sym'# o) the Mil# E-ui'ment and Technolo+y Research A+ency,
Bucharest, E2-EF, may, E11E#
@/CA Ser!anescu, A#, %Cercetarea unor noi solutii teoretice si tehnice 'entru 'rotectia
in)ormatiei )olosind sisteme dinamice haotice&, Hrant MEC8E11E#
@/GA Ser!anescu, A#, Hrecu, D#, Cristea, B#, %Random Se-uence Henerator Based on
Nonlinear 5unction&, in Proc# o) ETc E11E, /0-E1 se'# E11E, Timisoara, Bucharest#
@/BA Hruma9, A#, Per!Qnescu, A#, Baston, C#, Politici tehnico-economice Tn comunicaSii
modelate cu sisteme dinamice haotice, in Proc#o) Comm# Con)#,BucureUti, 2-: iun# E11F#
@/0A Ser!anescu, A#, =Coordonator>, A'licatii ale sistemelor dinamice haotice in comunicatii,
Ed# ATM, Bucuresti, E11F#
/F