ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers1 PDF

Designation: E1 13 Method 9501Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b

Standard Specication for
ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
This standard is issued under the xed designation E1; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript
epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This specication covers liquid-in-glass thermometers
graduated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit that are
frequently identied and used in methods under the jurisdiction
of the various technical committees within ASTM. The various
thermometers specied are listed in Table 1. The inclusion of
an IP number in Table 1 indicates, where appearing, that the
thermometer specication has been jointly agreed upon by the
British Institute of Petroleum (IP) and ASTM.
1.2 This specication also covers adjustable-range
enclosed-scale thermometers, graduated in degrees Celsius,
which are used in ASTM methods.
1.3 The enclosed-scale thermometers are commonly called
Beckmann thermometers. They are suitable for measuring
small temperature differences not exceeding 6 C within a
larger range of temperature. The thermometers are unsuitable
for measuring Celsius- or kelvin-scale temperatures unless they
have been compared with standard instruments immediately
before use.
1.4 An alphabetic list of the ASTM Thermometers included
in this standard is given in Table 2.
1.5 A list of ASTM Thermometers is given in Table 3 to
facilitate selection according to temperature range, immersion,
and scale-error requirements.
NOTE 1For a listing of thermometers recommended for general
laboratory use, the Scientic Apparatus Makers Association Specications
for General Purpose Glass Laboratory Thermometers may be consulted.
2
NOTE 2It has been found by experience that these ASTM
Thermometers, although developed in general for specic tests, may also
be found suitable for other applications, thus precluding the need for new
thermometer specications differing in only minor features. However, it is
suggested that technical committees contact Subcommittee E20.05 before
choosing a currently specied thermometer for a new method to be sure
the thermometer will be suitable for the intended application.
1.6 The thermometers found in Table 1 contain mercury,
mercury thallium eutectic alloy, or toluene or other suitable
liquid colored with a permanent red dye. For low-hazard
precision non-mercury alternatives to E1 thermometers, see
Specication E2251.
1.7 WARNINGMercury has been designated by EPAand
many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website-
http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm - for additional informa-
tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or
mercury containing products into your state may be prohibited
by state law.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
E77 Test Method for Inspection and Verication of Ther-
mometers
E344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
etry
E563 Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
as a Reference Temperature
E2251 Specication for Liquid-in-Glass ASTM Thermom-
eters with Low-Hazard Precision Liquids
3. Terminology
3.1 DenitionsThe denitions given in Terminology E344
apply.
1
This specication is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E20 on
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approved
in 1939. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1 07. DOI: 10.1520/E0001-
13.
2
Available from SAMA Group of Assocs., 225 Reinekers, Ste. 625, Alexandria,
VA 23314.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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E1 13
33

3.2 Denitions of Terms Specic to This Standard:
3.2.1 adjusting device, na section of the instrument used
to adjust the amount of mercury in the bulb and main capillary
to that needed for the intended temperature interval.
3.2.2 bulb length, nthe distance from the bottom of the
bulb to the junction of the bulb and the stem tubing.
3.2.3 contraction chamber, nan enlargement of the
capillary, that will appear below the main scale or between the
main scale and the auxiliary scale, which serves to reduce its
length or to prevent contraction of the liquid column into the
bulb.
3.2.4 diameter, nthe largest outside dimension of the glass
as measured with a ring gage.
3.2.5 expansion chamber, nan enlargement at the top of
the capillary to provide protection against breakage caused by
excessive gas pressure.
3.2.6 interval error, nthe deviation of the nominal value of
a temperature interval from its true value; either for the total
range (total interval) or for a part of the range (partial interval).
3.2.7 saddle, nthe bottom support of the enclosed scale.
3.2.8 setting temperature, nthe temperature that yields a
reading of zero on the main scale for a given adjustment of the
amount of mercury in the bulb and main capillary.
3.2.9 thermometric liquid, nthe liquid in a liquid-in-glass
thermometer that indicates the value of temperature.
3.2.10 top of the thermometer, nthe top of the nished
instrument.
3.2.11 total length, nthe distance from the bottom of the
bulb to the top of the nished thermometer, including any
special nish at the top.
3.2.12 Other descriptions of terms shall be in accordance
with the Terminology section of Test Method E77.
Part ASolid-Stem Thermometers
4. Specications
4.1 The individual thermometers shall conform to the de-
tailed specications given in Table 1 and to the general
requirements specied in Sections 5 15.
4.2 Thermometers manufactured to previous revisions of
this specication shall retain the same ASTM status as those
meeting current specications.
4.3 The encapsulation (jacketing) of the glass of liquid-in-
glass thermometers with polyuorinated hydrocarbons will
change their performance and physical characteristics,
including, but not limited to, response time, accuracy, and
physical dimensions. Therefore, under no circumstances
should an encapsulated or otherwise modied ASTM ther-
mometer be used in performing tests that specify the use of an
ASTM thermometer.
5. Type
5.1 The thermometers, as specied in Table 1, shall be lled
with one of the following liquids:
5.1.1 Mercury,
5.1.2 Mercury thallium eutectic alloy, or
5.1.3 Toluene or other suitable liquid colored with a perma-
nent red dye.
5.2 The lling above the liquid shall be nitrogen or other
suitable inert gas.
6. Stem
6.1 StemThe stem shall be made of suitable thermometer
tubing and shall have a plain front and enamel back, unless
otherwise specied in Table 1.
6.2 Top Finish The top of all thermometers specied in
Table 1 shall have a plain rounded nish, except the following
which shall have the top nish indicated below (unless
indicated as optional):
6.2.1 Glass Button Finish:
Thermometers 23C, 24C, and 25C
6.2.2 Special Finish:
6.2.2.1 Suitable for assembly in a standard 304.8-mm (12-
in.) non-sparking metal armor with open face; in a cup case
assembly; or in a ushing case assembly:
Thermometers 58C, 58F, 59C, 59F, 60C, 60F, 97C, 97F, 98C, 98F,
130C, and 130F
6.2.2.2 Suitable for assembly in a 12-in. non-sparking metal
armor with open face:
Thermometer 99F
6.2.3 Ring Top (optional only)Thermometers 11C and
11F.
7. Bulb
7.1 The bulb shall be made of glass having a viscosity of at
least 10
14.6
poises at 490 C (914 F) and at least 10
13.4
poises
at 520 C (968 F).
7.2 Thermometers made with bulb glasses not meeting the
minimum properties in 7.1 shall not be subjected to tempera-
tures above 405 C (760 F) or be continuously exposed to
temperatures above 370 C (700 F).
8. Capillary Clearances
8.1 The following distances between graduations and the
bulb, and between graduations and enlargements in the
capillary, shall be minimum limits for thermometers in this
specication.
NOTE 3In order for a thermometer to be usable over its entire
graduated range, graduation marks should not be placed too close to any
enlargement in the capillary. Insufficient immersion of the thermometric
liquid in the main bulb or capillary enlargement, graduation marks placed
over parts of the capillary that have been changed by manufacturing
operations, or graduations so close to the top of the thermometer that
excessive gas pressure results when the thermometric liquid is raised to
this level, may lead to appreciable errors.
8.1.1 A 13-mm length of unchanged capillary between the
bulb and the immersion line or lowest graduation, if the
graduation is not above 100 C (212 F); a 30-mm length if the
graduation is above 100 C (212 F).
8.1.2 A 5-mm length of unchanged capillary between an
enlargement and the graduation next below, except at the top of
the thermometer.
E1 13
34

8.1.3 A 10-mm length of unchanged capillary between an
enlargement, other than the bulb, and the immersion line or the
graduation next above, if the graduation is not above 100 C
(212 F); a 30-mm length if the graduation is above 100 C
(212 F).
8.1.4 A 10-mm length of unchanged capillary above the
highest graduation, if there is an expansion chamber at the top
of the thermometer; a 30-mm length if there is no expansion
chamber. For the purposes of this requirement, an expansion
chamber is interpreted as an enlargement at the top end of the
capillary bore which shall have a capacity equivalent to not less
than 20 mm of unchanged capillary.
8.2 It is possible to manufacture thermometers that comply
with the specications given in Table 1, but do not meet the
requirements for capillary clearances given above. In any case,
the distances given in this section shall be the governing factor.
Under no circumstances shall the scales on thermometers be
placed closer than these minimum distances.
9. Graduations and Inscriptions
9.1 All graduation lines, immersion lines, gures, and
letters shall be clearly dened, suitably colored, and perma-
nent. The width and the sharpness of the graduation lines shall
be in accordance with 9.2. The middle of the graduation line
shall be determinable.
9.1.1 A suitably etched thermometer with the etched lines
and gures lled with a pigment shall be considered perma-
nently marked provided it passes the test for permanency of
pigment in Test Method E77.
9.1.2 A thermometer marked by other means shall also be
considered permanently marked, provided it passes the test for
permanency of pigment in Test Method E77.
9.2 Graduation LinesAll graduation lines shall be
straight, of uniform width, and perpendicular to the axis of the
thermometer. The width of the graduation lines shall be as
follows:
9.2.1 Group 1Maximum line width 0.10 mm; for ther-
mometers that may read to fractions of a division, often with
magnifying aids:
Thermometers 14C, 14F, 26C, 28C, 28F, 29C, 29F, 30F, 33C,
33F, 34C, 34F, 35C, 35F, 44C, 44F, 45C, 45F, 46C, 46F, 47C, 47F,
48C, 48F, 50F, 51F, 52C, 56C, 56F, 62C, 62F, 63C, 63F, 64C, 64F,
65C, 65F, 66C, 66F, 67C, 67F, 68C, 68F, 69C, 69F, 70C, 70F, 72C,
72F, 73C, 73F, 74C, 74F, 89C, 90C, 91C, 92C, 93C, 94C, 95C, 96C,
100C, 101C, 110C, 110F, 111C, 112C, 113C, 113F, 116C, 117C,
118C, 118F, 119C, 119F, 120C, 121C, 126C, 126F, 127C, 128C,
128F, 129C, 129F, 132C, 133C, and 137C.
mometers that may be read to the nearest half division or where
the congestion of scale dictates the use of a scale with moderate
neness:
Thermometers 1C, 1F, 2C, 2F, 3C, 3F, 5C, 5F, 6C, 6F, 7C, 7F, 8C,
8F, 9C, 9F, 10C, 10F, 11C, 11F, 12C, 12F, 13C, 15C, 15F, 16C, 16F,
17C, 17F, 18C, 18F, 19C, 19F, 20C, 20F, 21C, 21F, 22C, 22F, 23C,
24C, 25C, 36C, 37C, 38C, 39C, 40C, 41C, 42C, 43C, 43F, 49C,
54C, 54F, 61C, 61F, 71C, 71F, 82C, 82F, 83C, 83F, 84C, 84F, 85C,
85F, 86C, 86F, 87C, 87F, 99C, 99F, 102C, 103C, 104C, 105C,
106C, 107C, 108F, 109F, 114C, 122C, 123C, 124C, 125C, 134C,
135C, 135F, 136C, and 136F.
mometers with more open scales, usually read to the nearest
division, often times under adverse conditions where a bold
graduation is therefore desired:
Thermometers 27C, 57C, 57F, 58C, 58F, 59C, 59F, 60C, 60F,
75F, 76F, 77F, 78F, 79F, 80F, 81F, 88C, 88F, 97C, 97F, 98C, 98F,
130C, and 130F.
9.3 Immersion LineOn partial immersion thermometers
an immersion line shall be permanently marked on the front of
the thermometer at the distance above the bottom of the bulb as
specied in Table 1 within a tolerance of 60.5 mm, except for
Thermometers 82F to 87F, which shall have no immersion line.
The immersion inscription shall be written in capital letters and
abbreviated (for example, 76 mm immersion shall be written
76 MM IMM).
9.4 Terminal NumbersThe terminal number shall be in
full when there are one or more numbered graduations between
it and the last full number, before the terminal number. This
rule need not necessarily be followed for:
9.4.1 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers :
17C, 17F, 19C, 19F, 20C, 20F, 21C, 21F, 77F, 78F, 79F, 80F, and
81F
9.4.2 Kinematic Viscosity Thermometers:
28F, 29F, 30F, 44F, 45F, 46F, 47F, 48F, 72F, 73F, 74F, 110F, 118F,
126F, 128F, and 129F
9.4.3 Engler Viscosity Thermometers :
23C, 24C, and 25C
9.4.4 Precision Thermometers:
65F, 66F, 67C, 67F, and 68C
9.4.5 Tank Thermometer:
97F
9.4.6 Solidication Point Thermometers:
100C and 101C
9.4.7 Reid Vapor Pressure:
18C and 18F
9.4.8 Oxidation Stability:
22C and 22F
9.5 Scale Below ZeroWhen a scale extends both above
and below 0 C or 0 F, the two parts of the scale shall be
differentiated by some means. Examples of suitable means are:
9.5.1 Different pigment colors for the two parts of the scale,
9.5.2 Different style of numerical characters for the two
parts of the scale, and
9.5.3 Use of minus signs before appropriate numbers below
0 C or 0 F.
10. Special Inscription
10.1 The special inscription specied in Table 1 shall be
marked on the thermometer in capital letters and Arabic
numbers without the use of periods. In addition to the special
inscription prescribed in Table 1, each thermometer shall be
permanently marked with a unique serial number and the
manufacturers tradename or mark.
10.2 Engraving Revision Date on ASTM Thermometers
Include year of current revision in ASTM designation (for
example, ASTM 1C-99).
E1 13
35

11. Permanency of Pigment
11.1 The test for permanency of pigment shall be performed
on any convenient portion of the scale section of the thermom-
eter. The pigment shall not chalk, burn out, or loosen as a result
of this test (see Test Method E77).
12. Bulb Stability
12.1 The test for bulb stability shall be made for the
following thermometers in the temperature range specied
below for 24 h. The scale indications after the test shall be
within the maximum scale error specied in Table 1. Obser-
vations of a reference point before and after the test to give a
measure of the degree of bulb stability achieved in manufac-
ture. The bulb is considered stable if the change in indications
of the thermometer in the test is no more than 0.7 (
7
10 ) of the
maximum scale error found in Table 1. Reference should be
made to Test Method E77.
ASTM
Thermometer Number
Test Temperature
Range
3C, 8C, 10C, 11C, 70C 360 to 370C
3F, 8F, 10F, 11F, 70F 680 to 700F
2C, 7C, 69C, 107C 280 to 290C
2F, 7F, 69F 540 to 560 F
13. Scale Error
13.1 Thermometers shall be veried and calibrated at the
temperatures specied in Table 4. Partial immersion thermom-
eters shall be calibrated for the emergent stem temperatures
specied in Table 4.
13.1.1 At the time of purchase, the scale errors shall be
within the maximum scale error found in Table 1. The
indications of many high temperature and fractionally gradu-
ated thermometers may change with time and continued use
due to minute changes in bulb volume. Periodic verication of
these thermometers, either over the entire scale or reverica-
tion at a reference temperature (ice point or steam point), in
accordance with procedures set forth in Test Method E77, is
recommended. For additional information on preparing ice-
point baths see Practice E563.
13.2 Due to the application requirements for range and
construction of the following thermometers, it is not practical
to include reference points such as the ice and steam points.
13C, 14C, 14F, 17C, 17F, 18C, 18F, 19C, 19F, 20C, 20F, 21C, 21F,
23C, 24C, 26C, 27C, 38C, 49C, 50F, 51F, 56C, 56F, 76F, 77F, 78F,
79F, 80F, 81F, 83C, 83F, 84C, 84F, 87C, 87F, 91C, 92C, 93C, 96C,
98C, 98F, 100C, 101C, 102C, 103C, 104C, 105C, 106C, 107C,
108F, 109F, 111C, 116C, 117C, 122C, 123C, and 124C
14. Case
14.1 Each thermometer shall be supplied in a suitable case
on which shall appear the following marking (except when a
transparent case is used): the letters ASTM, the thermometer
number (33C, 33F, etc.), and the temperature range.
15. Methods of Verication and Calibration
15.1 Thermometers shall be veried and calibrated at the
specied immersion in accordance with Test Method E77.
15.2 For partial immersion thermometers, careful consider-
ation of emergent stem temperatures shall be observed.
15.2.1 During the manufacture of partial immersion
thermometers, the manufacturer shall calibrate the thermom-
eters so the indicated temperatures are within the maximum
permissible errors found in Table 1 when the emergent stem
temperatures found in Table 4 are applied to the readings.
NOTE 4To achieve the requirements in 15.2.1, the manufacturer may
have to measure emergent stem temperatures above its bath, calculate
correction factors, and offset its calibrations accordingly. See Test Method
E77 for the procedure to correct for emergent stem temperatures.
TABLE 2 Alphabetical List of ASTM Thermometers Covered by Specication E1
NOTE 1The specications appear in numeric sequence in this standard.
Thermometer Name
Thermometer No.
Thermometer Name
Thermometer No.
C F C F
Aviation fuel density 136C 136F ... ...
Aviation fuel freezing point 114C ... 3C 3F
Bomb calorimeter 56C 56F Petrolatum melting point 61C 61F
116C ... Precision 62C 62F
117C ... 63C 63F
Brookeld Viscosity 122C ... 64C 64F
123C ... 65C 65F
124C ... 66C 66F
125C ... 67C 67F
Butadiene boiling point range 52C ... 68C 68F
Cleveland open ash 11C 11F 69C 69F
Cloud and pour 5C 5F 70C 70F
... ... 133C ...
Cloud and pour, low 6C 6F Reid vapor pressure 18C 18F
Congealing point 54C 54F Saybolt viscosity 17C 17F
Coolant (antifreeze) freezing point ... 75F 18C 18F
... 76F 19C 19F
119C 119F 20C 20F
Density wide range 12C 12F 21C 21F
E1 13
36

TABLE 2 Continued
Thermometer Name
Thermometer No.
Thermometer Name
Thermometer No.
C F C F
Enclosed scale 115C ... 22C 22F
Engler viscosity 23C ... ... 77F
24C ... ... 78F
25C ... ... 79F
Fuel rating 82C 82F ... 80F
83C 83F ... 81F
84C 84F ... 108F
85C 85F ... 109F
... ... Sludge 134C ...
86C 86F Softening point (bitumen) wide-range 113C 113F
87C 87F Solidication point 89C ...
135C 135F ... ...
Gas calorimeter, inlet ... 50F 90C ...
Gas calorimeter, outlet ... 51F 91C ...
General purposesee partial immersion; precision 92C ...
Gravity 12C 12F 93C ...
High aniline point 35C 35F 94C ...
High distillation 8C 8F 95C ...
High Pensky Martens 10C 10F 96C ...
High softening point 16C 16F 100C ...
Kinematic viscosity 28C 28F 101C ...
29C 29F Solidication point of benzene 112C ...
... 30F Solvents distillation 37C ...
43C 43F 38C ...
44C 44F 39C ...
45C 45F 40C ...
46C 46F 41C ...
47C 47F 42C ...
48C 48F 102C ...
72C 72F 103C ...
73C 73F 104C ...
74C 74F 105C ...
110C 110F 106C ...
118C 118F 107C ...
120C ... Stability test of soluble nitrocellulose 26C ...
121C ... Stormer viscosity 49C ...
126C 126F Tag closed tester, low range 57C 57F
127C
128C
129C
132C
...
128F
129F
Tag closed tester, high range
Tank
9C
58C
59C
9F
58F
59F
Loss on heat 13C ... 60C 60F
Low aniline point 33C 33F 97C 97F
Low cloud and pour 6C 6F 98C 98F
Low distillation 7C 7F 130C 130F
Low Pensky Martens 9C 9F Tar acids distillation 111C ...
Low softening point 15C 15F Titer test 36C ...
Medium aniline point 34C 34F Turpentine distillation 27C ...
Oil in wax 71C 71F Vegetable oil ash 88C 88F
Oxidation cell test 137C ... ... ...
Oxidation stability
Partial immersion (general use)
22C
1C
2C
22F
1F
2F
Wax melting point
Weathering test
14C
99C
14F
99F
TABLE 3 List of ASTM Thermometers by Temperature Range
Celsius (Centigrade)
Range
Immersion,
mm
Scale
Error,
max
ASTM
Thermometer
Number
Fahrenheit
Range
Immersion,
mm
Scale
Error,
max
ASTM
Thermometer
Number
Graduated in 0.01C
18.9 to 25.1C total 0.1 116C ... ... ... ...
23.9 to 30.1C total 0.1 117C ... ... ... ...
Graduated in 0.02C Graduated in 0.05F
4 to 6C total 0.04 112C ... ... ... ...
19 to 35C total 0.10 56C 66 to 95F total 0.20 56F
55.4 to 52.6C total 0.1 74C 67.5 to 62.5F total 0.2 74F
21.4 to 18.6C total 0.1 127C ... ... ... ...
19.4 to 16.6C total 0.1 72C 2.5to +2.5F total 0.2 72F
1.4 to +1.4C total 0.1 128C 29.5to 34.5F total 0.2 128F
... ... ... ... 54 to 101F total 0.2 50F
E1 13
37

TABLE 3 Continued
Range
Immersion,
mm
Scale
Error,
max
ASTM
Thermometer
Number
Fahrenheit
Range
Immersion,
mm
Scale
Error,
max
ASTM
Thermometer
Number
... ... ... ... 69 to 116F total 0.2 51F
38.5 to 41.5C total 0.1 120C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 207.5 to 212.5F total 0.2 30F
98.6 to 101.4C total 0.1 121C ... ... ... ...
148.6 to 151.4C total 0.20 132C
51.6 to 34C total 0.1 43C 61 to 29F total 0.2 43F
45 to 35C total 0.4 122C ... ... ... ...
38.3 to 30C 100 0.2 119C 37 to 22F 100 0.4 119F
38 to +2C total 0.1 62C 36 to +35F total 0.2 62F
38 to +2C 76 mm 0.1 133C
35 to 25C total 0.4 123C ... ... ... ...
25 to 15C total 0.2 124C ... ... ... ...
15 to 5C total 0.2 125C ... ... ... ...
20 to +10C 76 0.1 89C ... ... ... ...
10 to +5C total 0.1 52C ... ... ... ...
8 to +32C total 0.1 63C 18 to 89F total 0.2 63F
0 to 30C 76 0.1 90C ... ... ... ...
20 to 50C 76 0.1 91C ... ... ... ...
38 to 82C 79 0.1 14C 100 to 180F 79 0.2 14F
40 to 70C 76 0.1 92C ... ... ... ...
60 to 90C 76 0.1 93C ... ... ... ...
80 to 100C 76 0.1 137C ... ... ... ...
80 to 110C 76 0.1 94C ... ... ... ...
100 to 130C 76 0.2 95C ... ... ... ...
120 to 150C 76 0.2 96C ... ... ... ...
130 to 140C total 0.2 26C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 65 to +5F 100 1 76F
50 to +5C 35 0.2 99C 55 to +40F 35 0.4 99F
38 to +42C 50 0.2 33C 36.5 to +107.5F 50 0.5 33F
... ... ... ... 35 to +35F 100 0.5 75F
2 to +52C 100 0.2 37C ... ... ... ...
2 to +68C 45 0.2 36C ... ... ... ...
18 to 28C 90 0.1 23C ... ... ... ...
20 to 70C 65 0.2 49C ... ... ... ...
20 to 100.6C total 0.2 54C 68 to 213F total 0.5 54F
24 to 78C 100 0.2 38C ... ... ... ...
25 to 105C 50 0.2 34C 77 to 221F 50 0.5 34F
32 to 127C 79 0.2 61C 90 to 260F 79 0.5 61F
39 to 54C 90 0.1 24C ... ... ... ...
48 to 102C 100 0.2 39C ... ... ... ...
72 to 126C 100 0.2 40C ... ... ... ...
90 to 170C 50 0.4 35C 194 to 338F 50 1 35F
95 to 105C 90 0.1 25C ... ... ... ...
98 to 152C 100 0.3 41C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 245 to 265F total 0.5 77F
123 to 177C 100 0.3 102C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 270 to 290F total 0.5 108F
144 to 156C 100 0.2 134C 295 to 315F total 0.5 78F
E1 13
38

TABLE 3 Continued
Range
Immersion,
mm
Scale
Error,
max
ASTM
Thermometer
Number
Fahrenheit
Range
Immersion,
mm
Scale
Error,
max
ASTM
Thermometer
Number
145 to 205C 76 0.4 100C ... ... ... ...
148 to 202C 100 0.4 103C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 320 to 340F total 0.5 109F
170 to 250C 100
A
111C ... ... ... ...
173 to 227C 100 0.4 104C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 345 to 365F total 0.5 79F
198 to 252C 100 0.6 105C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 395 to 415F total 0.5 80F
... ... ... ... 445 to 465F total 0.5 81F
223 to 277C 100 0.8 106C ... ... ... ...
248 to 302C 100 1 107C ... ... ... ...
Graduated in 0.5C Graduated in 1F
80 to +20C total 1 114C ... ... ... ...
37 to +21C 76 0.2 71C 35 to +70F 76 0.5 71F
20 to +50C 57 0.5 57C 4 to +122F 57 1 57F
7 to +105C total 0.5 130C 20 to 220F total 1 130F
5 to +110C 57 0.5 9C 20 to 230F 57 1 9F
1 to +175C total 0.5 113C 30 to 350F total 1 113F
... ... ... ... 60 to 160F 40 2 83F
... ... ... ... 75 to 175F 249 2 84F
95 to 255C 100 1 42C 100 to 200F 40 2 135F
147 to 182C 76 0.5 27C ... ... ... ...
155 to 170C total 0.5 13C ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... 300 to 400F 40 2 87F
195 to 305C total 0.5 69C 383 to 581F total 1 69F
195 to 305C 76 1 101C ... ... ... ...
295 to 405C total 0.5 70C 563 to 761F total 1 70F
Graduated in 1C Graduated in 2F
80 to +20C 76
B
6C 112 to +70F 76
C
6F
38 to +50C 108 0.5 5C 36 to +120F 108 1 5F
15 to +105C 30 1 82C 0 to 220F 30 2 82F
20 to +150C 76 0.5 1C 0 to 302F 76 1 1F
5 to +300C 76 1 2C 20 to 580F 76 2 2F
5 to +400C 76
D
3C 20 to 760F 76
E
3F
2 to +300C total
F
7C 30 to 580F total
G
7F
2 to +400C total
H
8C 30 to 760F total
I
8F
10 to 200C 57 1 88C 50 to 392F 57 2 88F
15 to 70C 40 1 83C ... ... ... ...
25 to 80C 249 1 84C ... ... ... ...
38 to 93C 40 1 135C ... ... ... ...
40 to 150C 181 1 85C 100 to 300F 181 2 85F
77 to 260C total 1 60C 170 to 500F total 1 60F
95 to 175C 35 1 86C 200 to 350F 35 2 86F
150 to 205C 40 1 87C ... ... ... ...
Graduated in 2C Graduated in 5F
6 to +400C 25
J
11C 20 to 760F 25
K
11F
90 to 370C 57
L
10C 200 to 700F 57
M
10F
A
0.4C to 225C; 0.6C above 225C.
B
1C to 33C; 2C below 33C.
C
2F to 28F; 4F below 28F.
D
1C to 301C; 1.5C above 301C.
E
2F to 574F; 3F above 574F.
F
0.5C to 150C; 1C above 150C.
G
H
1C to 300C; 1.5C above 300C.
I
J
2C to 260C; 4C above 260C.
K
L
1C to 260C; 2C above 260C.
M
2.5F to 500F; 3.5F above 500F.
E1 13
39

TABLE 4 Verication and Calibration Temperatures
A
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Thermometer 1C
20 to +150C
Thermometer 1F
0 to 302F
Thermometer 2C
5 to +300C
Thermometer 2F
20 to +580F
20C 15C 0F 60F 0C 22C 32F 72F
0C 22C 32F 72F 75C 34C 150F 90F
50C 30C 122F 86F 150C 35C 300F 95F
100C 33C 212F 91F 225C 40C 450F 105F
150C 36C 302F 97F 300C 45C 580F 114F
Thermometer 3C
5 to +400C
Thermometer 3F
20 to 760F
Thermometer 5C
38 to +50C
Thermometer 5F
36 to +120F
0C 21C 32F 70F 35C 21C 30F 70F
100C 33C 200F 90F 0C 21C 32F 70F
200C 39C 370F 101F 50C 21C 120F 70F
300C 44C 540F 110F
370C 54C 700F 129F
Thermometer 6C
80 to +20C
Thermometer 6F
112 to +70F
Thermometer 7C
2 to +300C
Thermometer 7F
30 to 580F
70C 21C 94F 70F 0C 32F
35C 21C 30F 70F 50C 100F
0C
B
21C 32F
B
70F 100C 200F
20C 21C 70F 70F 150C 300F
200C 400F
250C 500F
300C 570F
Thermometer 8C
2 to +400C
Thermometer 8F
30 to 760F
Thermometer 9C
5 to +110C
Thermometer 9F
20 to 230F
0C 32F 0C 19C 32F 66F
100C 200F 35C 28C 100F 86F
200C 370F 70C 40C 160F 106F
300C 540F 105C 50C 220F 123F
370C 700F
Thermometer 10C
90 to 370C
Thermometer 10F
200 to 700F
Thermometer 11C
6 to +400C
Thermometer 11F
20 to 760F
100C 61C 212F 141F 0C 18C 32F 64F
200C 71C 390F 159F 100C 44C 200F 110F
300C 87C 570F 189F 200C 64C 370F 144F
370C 104C 700F 220F 300C 91C 540F 187F
370C 115C 700F 240F
Thermometer 12C
20 to +102C
Thermometer 12F
5 to +215F
Thermometer 13C
155 to 170C
Thermometer 14C
38 to 82C
20C 5F 155C 40C 25C
10C 15F 163C 50C 25C
0C 32F 170C 60C 25C
10C 60F 70C 25C
20C 85F 80C 25C
30C 110F
40C 135F
50C 160F
60C 185F
70C 210F
80C
90C
100C
Thermometer 14F
100 to 180F
Thermometer 15C
2 to +80C
Thermometer 15F
30 to 180F
Thermometer 16C
30 to 200C
100F 77F 0C 32F 30C
120F 77F 20C 70F 60C
140F 77F 40C 100F 90C
160F 77F 60C 140F 120C
180F 77F 80C 180F 150C
180C
200C
Thermometer 16F
85 to 392F
Thermometer 17C
19 to 27C
Thermometer 17F
66 to 80F
Thermometer 18C
34 to 42C
90F 21C 70F 38C
140F 25C 77F 41C
190F
240F
290F
340F
390F
E1 13
40

TABLE 4 Continued
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Thermometer 18F
94 to 108F
Thermometer 19C
49 to 57C
Thermometer 19F
120 to 134F
Thermometer 20C
57 to 65C
100F
107F
50C
54C
122F
130F
60C
64C
Thermometer 20F
134 to 148F
Thermometer 21C
79 to 87C
Thermometer 21F
174 to 188F
Thermometer 22C
95 to 103C
140F
147F
82C
86C
180F
187F
99C
102C
Thermometer 22F
204 to 218F
Thermometer 23C
18 to 28C
Thermometer 24C
39 to 54C
Thermometer 25C
95 to 105C
210F
212F
20C
25C
22C
25C
40C
50C
35C
42C
95C
100C
75C
64C
Thermometer 26C
130 to 140C
Thermometer 27C
147 to 182C
Thermometer 28C
36.6 to 39.4C
Thermometer 28F
97.5 to 102.5F
130C
135C
140C
155C
165C
175C
25C
25C
25C
0C
37.8C
39C
32F
100F
102F
Thermometer 29C
52.6 to 55.4C
Thermometer 29F
127.5 to 132.5F
Thermometer 30F
207.5 to 212.5F
Thermometer 33C
38 to +42C
0C
54.4C
55C
32F
130F
132F
32F
210F
212F
35C
20C
0C
20C
40C
5C
15C
20C
25C
30C
Thermometer 33F
36.5 to +107.5F
Thermometer 34C
25 to 105C
Thermometer 34F
77 to 221F
Thermometer 35C
90 to 170C
31F 41F 25C 25C 77F 77F 100C 70C
4F 59F 45C 37C 113F 99F 120C 63C
32F 68F 65C 43C 149F 109F 140C 57C
68F 77F 85C 45C 185F 113F 160C 50C
104F 86F 100C 45C 212F 113F 170C 47C
Thermometer 35F
194 to 338F
Thermometer 36C
2 to +68C
Thermometer 37C
2 to +52C
Thermometer 38C
24 to 78C
212F 158F 0C 25C 0C 25C 25C 25C
250F 145F 15C 25C 15C 25C 40C 25C
285F 134F 30C 25C 30C 25C 55C 25C
320F 122F 45C 25C 50C 25C 75C 25C
338F 116F 65C 25C
Thermometer 39C
48 to 102C
Thermometer 40C
72 to 126C
Thermometer 41C
98 to 152C
Thermometer 42C
95 to 255C
50C 30C 75C 30C 100C 30C 100C 30C
65C 30C 90C 30C 115C 33C 150C 35C
80C 30C 105C 30C 130C 35C 200C 40C
100C 30C 125C 30C 150C 35C 250C 45C
Thermometer 43C
51.6 to 34C
Thermometer 43F
61 to 29F
Thermometer 44C
18.6 to 21.4C
Thermometer 44F
66.5 to 71.5F
50C
45C
40C
35C
0C
60F
50F
40F
30F
+ 32F
0C
20C
21C
32F
68F
70F
Thermometer 45C
23.6 to 26.4C
Thermometer 45F
74.5 to 79.5F
Thermometer 46C
48.6 to 51.4C
Thermometer 46F
119.5 to 124.5
0C
25C
26C
32F
77F
79F
0C
50C
51C
32F
122F
124F
Thermometer 47C
58.6 to 61.4C
Thermometer 47F
137.5 to 142.5F
Thermometer 48C
80.6 to 83.4C
Thermometer 48F
177.5 to 182.5F
0C
60C
61C
32F
140F
142F
0C
82.2C
83C
32F
180F
182F
Thermometer 49C
20 to 70C
Thermometer 50F
54 to 101F
Thermometer 51F
69 to 116F
Thermometer 52C
10 to +5C
20C
35C
50C
70C
25C
25C
25C
25C
every 5 from 55F every 5 from 70F 10C
0C
5C
Thermometer 54C
20 to 100C
Thermometer 54F
68 to 213F
Thermometer 56C
19 to 35C
Thermometer 56F
66 to 95F
E1 13
41

TABLE 4 Continued
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
20C
50C
75C
100C
70F
120F
170F
210F
every 2 from 19C every 4 from 66F and including
95F
Thermometer 57C
20 to +50C
Thermometer 57F
4 to +122F
Thermometer 58C
34 to +49C
Thermometer 58F
30 to +120F
20C 25C 3F 77F 30C 20F
0C 25C 32F 77F 0C 32F
25C 25C 77F 77F 25C 80F
50C 25C 122F 77F 45C 120F
Thermometer 59C
18 to +82C
Thermometer 59F
0 to 180F
Thermometer 60C
77 to 260C
Thermometer 60F
170 to 500F
0C
25C
55C
80C
32F
80F
130F
180F
100C
175C
255C
212F
350F
490F
Thermometer 61C
32 to 127C
Thermometer 61F
90 to 260F
Thermometer 62C
38 to +2C
Thermometer 62F
36 to +35F
40C 25C 100F 77F 37C 35F
60C 25C 150F 77F 30C 15F
80C 25C 200F 77F 20C 0F
100C 25C 250F 77F 10C 15F
120C 25C 0C 32F
Thermometer 63C
8 to +32C
Thermometer 63F
18 to 89F
Thermometer 64C
25 to 55C
Thermometer 64F
77 to 131F
7C 20F 0C 32F
0C 32F 25C 80F
10C 50F 35C 95F
20C 70F 45C 115F
30C 88F 55C 130F
Thermometer 65C
50 to 80C
Thermometer 65F
122 to 176F
Thermometer 66C
75 to 105C
Thermometer 66F
167 to 221F
0C 32F 0C 32F
50C 125F 75C 168F
60C 145F 85C 185F
70C 160F 95C 200F
80C 175F 105C 220F
Thermometer 67C
95 to 155C
Thermometer 67F
203 to 311F
Thermometer 68C
145 to 205C
Thermometer 68F
293 to 401F
0C 32F 0C 32F
100C 205F 150C 300F
110C 240F 170C 340F
130C 275F 190C 370F
150C 310F 205C 400F
Thermometer 69C
195 to 305C
Thermometer 69F
383 to 581F
Thermometer 70C
295 to 405C
Thermometer 70F
563 to 761F
0C 32F 0C 32F
200C 400F 300C 570F
235C 460F 335C 640F
270C 520F 370C 700F
305C 580F 400C 760F
Thermometer 71C
37 to +21C
Thermometer 71F
35 to +70F
Thermometer 72C
19.4 to 16.6C
Thermometer 72F
2.5 to +2.5F
35C 21C 30F 70F 19C 2F
18C 21C 0F 70F 17.8C 0F
0C 21C 32F 70F 0C 32F
20C 21C 70F 70F
Thermometer 73C
41.4 to 38.6C
Thermometer 73F
42.5 to 37.5F
Thermometer 74C
55.4 to 52.6C
Thermometer 74F
67.5 to 62.5F
41C
40C
0C
42F
40F
32F
55C
53.9C
0C
67F
65F
32F
Thermometer 75F
35 to +35F
Thermometer 76F
65 to +5F
Thermometer 77F
245 to 265F
Thermometer 78F
295 to 315F
35F
0F
32F
55F
65F
75F
65F
30F
+ 5F
25F
55F
75F
250F
260F
300F
310F
Thermometer 79F
345 to 365F
Thermometer 80F
395 to 415F
Thermometer 81F
445 to 465F
Thermometer 82C
15 to +105C
350F
360F
400F
410F
450F
460F
0C
50C
100C
71C
71C
71C
E1 13
42

TABLE 4 Continued
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Thermometer 82F
0 to 220F
Thermometer 83C
15 to 70C
Thermometer 83F
60 to 160F
Thermometer 84C
25 to 80C
32F
100F
200F
160F
160F
160F
25C
70C
35C
35C
85F
135F
95F
95F
30C
80C
27C
27C
Thermometer 84F
75 to 175F
Thermometer 85C
40 to 150C
Thermometer 85F
100 to 300F
Thermometer 86C
95 to 175C
100F
150F
80F
80F
50C
150C
54C
54C
150F
250F
130F
130F
100C
175C
99C
99C
Thermometer 86F
200 to 350F
Thermometer 87C
150 to 205C
Thermometer 87F
300 to 400F
Thermometer 88C
10 to 200C
225F
325F
210F
210F
160C
200C
132C
132C
300F
400F
270F
270F
40C
100C
150C
200C
48C
56C
62C
68C
Thermometer 88F
50 to 392F
Thermometer 89C
20 to +10C
Thermometer 90C
0 to 30C
Thermometer 91C
20 to 50C
110F 119F 20C 15C 0C 20C 20C 25C
212F 132F 10C 15C 10C 20C 30C 25C
300F 143F 0C 15C 20C 20C 40C 25C
392F 154F 10C 15C 30C 20C 50C 25C
Thermometer 92C
40 to 70C
Thermometer 93C
60 to 90C
Thermometer 94C
80 to 110C
Thermometer 95C
100 to 130C
40C 25C 60C 30C 80C 30C 100C 35C
50C 25C 70C 30C 90C 30C 110C 35C
60C 25C 80C 30C 100C 30C 120C 35C
70C 25C 90C 30C 110C 30C 130C 35C
Thermometer 96C
120 to 150C
Thermometer 97C
18 to +49C
Thermometer 97F
0 to 120F
Thermometer 98C
16 to 82C
120C
130C
140C
150C
35C
35C
35C
35C
15C
0C
20C
45C
0F
32F
70F
110F
20C
40C
60C
80C
Thermometer 98F
60 to 180F
Thermometer 99C
50 to +5C
Thermometer 99F
58 to +41F
Thermometer 100C
145 to 205C
60F 46C 23C 50F 10F 145C 40C
100F 32C 23C 25F 10F 165C 40C
140F 18C 23C 0F 10F 185C 40C
180F 0C 23C 32F 10F 205C 40C
Thermometer 101C
195 to 305C
Thermometer 102C
123 to 177C
Thermometer 103C
148 to 202C
Thermometer 104C
173 to 227C
200C 40C 125C 35C 150C 35C 175C 34C
250C 40C 140C 35C 165C 35C 190C 38C
300C 40C 155C 35C 180C 35C 205C 40C
175C 35C 200C 35C 225C 40C
Thermometer 105C
198 to 252C
Thermometer 106C
223 to 277C
Thermometer 107C
248 to 302C
Thermometer 108F
270 to 290F
200C 40C 225C 40C 250C 45C 275F
215C 40C 240C 40C 265C 45C 285F
230C 40C 255C 41C 280C 45C
250C 40C 275C 46C 300C 45C
Thermometer 109F
320 to 340F
Thermometer 110C
133.6 to 136.4C
Thermometer 110F
272.5 to 277.5F
Thermometer 111C
170 to 250C
325F
335F
0C
135C
136C
32F
275F
277F
170C
200C
250C
35C
40C
45C
Thermometer 112C
4 to 6C
Thermometer 113C
1 to +175C
Thermometer 113F
30 to 350F
Thermometer 114C
80 to +20C
0C
4C
5C
6C
0C
50C
100C
150C
175C
32F
122F
212F
302F
347F
75C
60C
40C
0C
Thermometer 116C
18.9 to 25.1C
Thermometer 117C
23.9 to 30.1C
Thermometer 118C
28.6 to 31.4C
Thermometer 118F
83.5 to 88.5F
every 1C
from 19.0C
every 1C
from 24.0C
0C
30C
31C
32F
86F
88F
Thermometer 119C
38.3 to 30C
Thermometer 119F
37 to 22F
Thermometer 120C
38.6 to 41.4C
Thermometer 121C
98.6 to 101.4C
E1 13
43

TABLE 4 Continued
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
Temperature
Av Temp.
of Emergent
Mercury
Column
38C
30C
0C
18C
20C
0C
36F
22F
+ 32F
64F
68F
32F
0C
40C
41C
0C
100C
101C
Thermometer 122C
45 to 35C
Thermometer 123C
35 to 25C
Thermometer 124C
25 to 15C
Thermometer 125C
15 to 5C
45C
40C
35C
35C
30C
25C
25C
20C
15C
15C
10C
5C
Thermometer 126C
27.4 to 24.6C
Thermometer 126F
17.5 to 12.5F
Thermometer 127C
21.4 to 18.6C
Thermometer 128C
1.4 to +1.4C
27C
26.1C
0C
17F
15F
32F
21C
20C
0C
0C
1C
Thermometer 128F
29.5 to 34.5F
Thermometer 129C
91.6 to 94.4C
Thermometer 129F
197.5 to 202.5F
Thermometer 130C
7 to +105C
32F
34F
0C
93.3C
94C
32F
200F
202F
0C
35C
70C
105C
Thermometer 130F
20 to 220F
Thermometer 132C
148.6 to 151.4C
Thermometer 133C
38 to +2C
Thermometer 134C
144 to 156C
32F
100F
160F
220F
0C
150C
151C
36
30
24
18
12
6
0
25C
25C
25C
25C
25C
25C
25C
145C
150C
155C
40C
40C
40C
Thermometer 135C
38 to 93C
Thermometer 135F
100 to 200F
Thermometer 136C
20 to +60C
Thermometer 136F
5 to +140F
50C
90C
35C
35C
125F
195F
95F
95F
20C
10C
0C
10C
20C
30C
40C
50C
60C
5F
15F
32F
60F
85F
110F
135F
Thermometer 137C
80 to 100C
80C
90C
100C
30C
30C
30C
A
For verication and calibration of total immersion thermometers see Test Method E77.
For Thermometers 1C, 1F, 2C, 2F, 3C, 3F, 23C, 24C, and 25C the emergent column temperatures correspond on the average with those attained in verication using
equipment such as that described in Test Method E77.
For all other thermometers listed, the emergent column temperatures are those attained when using the thermometers in the test equipment for which the thermometers
were originally designed. In some cases these temperatures are markedly different from those realized during verication. Also in some instances, such as Thermometers
35C and 35F, the values may not seem reasonable. Analysis of the factors affecting emergent column temperatures in use will provide the explanation for such apparent
inconsistencies.
B
This thermometer is especially sensitive to changes in emergent column temperatures because organic liquids are used as the thermometer uid. As a means of avoiding
errors due to this cause the ice point should be taken at total immersion and the correction calculated for partial immersion by using the emergent stem correction formula
given in Test Method E77.
Part BEnclosed-Scale Thermometer
16. Specications
16.1 The thermometers shall conform to the detailed speci-
cations given in Table 5 and the requirements given in
Sections 17 24.
17. Type
17.1 The thermometers shall be of the enclosed-scale
mercury-in-glass type with adjustable range.
E1 13
44

18. Temperature Scale
18.1 Temperature differences indicated by the thermometers
shall be in terms of the International Temperature Scale of
1990 (ITS-90)
4
as adopted by the General Conference on
Weights and Measures.
19. Immersion
19.1 To obtain the full precision of the thermometer for
difference measurements, the ambient (stem) temperature and
immersion depth must be the same in all measurements.
19.2 The thermometers are for use in a vertical position.
19.3 In order to measure Celsius- or kelvin-scale tempera-
tures after the setting temperature has been determined at a
given immersion depth by comparison with a standard, the
thermometer must be used at the same immersion for all main
scale readings obtained at this setting.
20. Glass
20.1 The bulb and sheath of the thermometer should pref-
erably be made of the same type of thermometric glass. This
glass shall be selected so that the nished thermometer meets
the following requirements:
20.1.1 The bulb glass shall be stabilized by suitable heat
treatment to ensure that the accuracy requirements of Section
23 can be met,
20.1.2 Strain in the glass shall be reduced to a level
sufficient to minimize the possibility of fracture due to thermal
or mechanical shock,
20.1.3 The accuracy of the reading shall not be impaired by
devitrifying during manufacture, and
20.1.4 The meniscus shall be distorted as little as possible
by striae or impurities in the glass.
21. Vacuum
21.1 The capillary above the mercury shall be evacuated,
and the vacuum shall be such that no difficulty is experienced
in rejoining the column after setting.
22. Construction
22.1 ShapeThe thermometer shall be straight and have
insofar as practical circular cross sections.
22.2 Top FinishThe top of the thermometer shall be
closed by a suitable cap.
22.3 ScaleThe graduated scale shall be of opal glass and
shall be securely fastened to prevent relative displacement
between the capillary and scale, and in such a way that it can
freely expand in length.
22.4 Capillary TubeThe capillary tube shall be
transparent, its inside shall be smooth, and its cross-sectional
area in the scale portion shall not show variations from the
average greater than 5 %. The bore shall be large enough in
relation to the dimensions of the thermometer bulb to ensure
that (without tapping), the jumping of the meniscus does not
exceed one half of the smallest scale division when the
temperature is rising at a uniform rate not exceeding 0.05C/
min.
NOTE 5According to Hall and Leaver, this condition can be achieved
or bettered by keeping the ratio e/d < 15.
6
The external pressure
coefficient is dened by the expression
e 5 0.52 D
e
2
/
~
D
e
2
2 D
i
2
!
(1)
where:
d = bore of the capillary, mm,
e = external pressure coefficient, mdeg C/cm,
D
e
= external diameter of the thermometer bulb, and
D
i
= internal diameter of the thermometer bulb.
22.5 Adjusting DeviceFor adjusting the amount of mer-
cury in the bulb and main capillary to the intended range, an
enlargement shall be provided above the measuring capillary to
serve as a reservoir for the separated mercury. Adjustment shall
be possible without difficulty. To facilitate adjustment of the
range an auxiliary scale may be provided. Two designs of
adjusting devices are indicated in Fig. 12. Operation of the
adjusting device shall require a temperature of approximately,
but not less than, 35C above the setting point.
22.6 DimensionsThe dimensions shall be as given in
Table 5 and Fig. 12.
22.7 Graduation and Figuring:
22.7.1 The range of graduation of the thermometer shall be
as specied in Table 5.
22.7.2 The graduation lines shall be clearly dened and of
uniform thickness which should in no case exceed 0.05 mm.
The lines shall be at right angles to the axis of the thermometer.
22.7.3 The thermometer shall be graduated and gured for
use in a vertical position. The arrangement of the graduation
lines shall be as specied in Fig. 13. Each 0.1-deg line shall be
a long line; each 0.05-deg line shall have a length of two thirds
of the long line; and each 0.01-deg line shall have a length of
one third of the long line. All graduation lines shall be readily
visible from both sides of the capillary.
22.7.4 The scale shall be extended beyond the lowest long
graduation line by from two to ve scale divisions.
22.7.5 Figuring shall be as shown in Fig. 13. The lowest
long graduation line in upward reading thermometers, and the
4
The International Temperature Scale of 1990, Amended Edition of 1990,
Metrologia, Vol 27, No. 1, 1990, pp. 315.
TABLE 5 Specications for Enclosed Scale Thermometers
ASTM Number 115C86
Range (nominal), C 5 or 6
Graduation interval, C 0.01
Adjustable range, C 10 to 120
Total length, max, mm 640
Length of main scale/ (graduated length), mm 44 4
Distance from bottom of bulb to lowest
numbered graduation line, mm 200 to 240
Diameter of sheath (top portion) max, mm 16
External bulb diameter, max, mm 11
Bulb length, mm 30 to 50
Bulb shoulder length, max, mm 11
Bulkdimension/bore ratio, max e/d = 15
(see 9.2.3)
E1 13
45

highest long graduation line in downward reading thermom-
eters shall be gured 0. Each full degree shall be gured with
large numbers. Every second intermediate one tenth of a degree
shall be gured with small numbers on the right-hand side of
the scale.
23. Interval Error
23.1 The interval error of each partial interval of a range of
0.5C shall not exceed 60.01C. The maximum error for any
larger interval shall not exceed 0.02C. These values refer to
the adjustment of the thermometer to 0 at 20C and at a
temperature of the emergent stem of 20C.
NOTE 6The rst part of this requirement essentially requires that
calibration be performed at 0.5C intervals. The need for this is indicated
by ndings at the National Institute of Standards and Technology that
calibration every 40 to 50 divisions is required for reliable interpolation to
one or two tenths of a division.
23.2 The stability of the thermometer shall be such that the
zero reading does not change by more than 0.01C in 24 h
when left at the setting temperature after the bulb of the
thermometer has been heated for at least 15 min to a tempera-
ture 35C above the setting point.
24. Inscriptions
24.1 The following inscriptions shall be permanently and
legibly marked on the thermometer:
24.1.1 Temperature scale (abbreviations such as C or
C),
24.1.2 Bulb glass type (the glass may be identied by a
colored stripe or stripes or by an inscription on the
thermometer),
24.1.3 Identication number (manufacturers serial
number),
24.1.4 Manufacturers tradename or mark, and
24.1.5 ASTM 115C.
25. Keywords
25.1 bulb; liquid-in-glass thermometers; standard specica-
tion; stem; temperaturethermometer
FIG. 1 Test Gage for Checking Enlargements on Thermometers
9C, 9F, 10C, 10F, 57C, 57F, 88C, and 88F
E1 13
46

FIG. 2 Bulb of ASTM Congealing Point Thermometers 54C and
54F
FIG. 3
FIG. 4
FIG. 5
E1 13
47

FIG. 6
FIG. 7
FIG. 8
FIG. 9
FIG. 10
E1 13
48

FIG. 11
NOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres.
FIG. 12 Enclosed Scale Adjustable Range Thermometers
FIG. 13 Graduation and Figuring
E1 13
49

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every ve years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/
COPYRIGHT/).
FIG. 14 Schemes for Graduation and Figuring
E1 13
50


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Designation: E1 13 Method 9501Federal Test

Method Standard No. 791b

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