EXPERIMENT REPORT

DISTILLATION

GROUP V :
PUTRI MEGA ANANDA

(123194205)

ZAIMATUL UMAH

(123194232)

RADIAN DANY APRILIA

(123194236)

THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF

SURABAYA
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
2012

A. TITLE
B. DATE OF EXPERIMENT
C. PURPOSE

: DISTILLATION
: October, 9th 2012
: 1. Separating and purifying the liquid
2. Determining boiling point of the liquid

D. BASIC THEORY:
Distillation is a widely used method for separating mixtures based on
differences in the conditions required to change the phase of components of
the mixture. To separate a mixture of liquids, the liquid can be heated to force
components, which have different boiling points, into the gas phase. The gas
is then condensed back into liquid form and collected. Although the term is
most commonly applied to liquids, the reverse process can be used to separate
gases by liquefying components using changes in temperature and/or
pressure. Distillation is used for many commercial processes, such as
production of gasoline, distilled water, xylene, alcohol, paraffin, kerosene,
and many other liquids. Distillation is used to purify a compound by
separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material. When different
compounds in a mixture have different boiling points, they separate into
individual components when the mixture is carefully distilled.
Distillation for Compound Identification: Boiling Point Determination
Distillation is used to purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile
or less-volatile material. Because different compounds often have different
boiling points, the components often separate from a mixture when the
mixture is distilled.
The boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid
phase of a compound equals the external pressure acting on the surface of the
liquid. The external pressure is usually the atmospheric pressure. For
instance, consider a liquid heated in an open flask. The vapor pressure of the
liquid will increase as the temperature of the liquid increases, and when the
vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure, the liquid will boil. Different
compounds boil at different temperatures because each has a different,
characteristic vapor pressure: compounds with higher vapor pressures will
boil at lower temperatures.
Boiling points are usually measured by recording the boiling point (or range)
on a thermometer while performing a distillation. This method is used
whenever there is enough of the compound to perform a distillation. The
distillation method of boiling point determination measures the temperature
of the vapors above the liquid. Since these vapors are in equilibrium with the
boiling liquid, they are the same temperature as the boiling liquid. The vapor
temperature rather than the pot temperature is measured because if you put a
thermometer actually in the boiling liquid mixture, the temperature reading
would likely be higher than that of the vapors. This is because the liquid can

be superheated or contaminated with other substances, and therefore its

temperature is not an accurate measurement of the boiling temperature.

E. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT :

a) Equipment and Materials

Equipment :
Distillation flask

: 1piece

Beaker glass 500 mL

: 1piece

Beaker glass 100 mL

: 1piece

Liquefier

: 1piece

Thermometer

: 1piece

Boiling stones

: 3pieces

Pipette drops

: 3piece

Wire gauze

: 2piece

Bunsen

: 1piece

Tripod

: 1piece

Spatula

: 1piece

Materials :
NaCl 1 gram
AgNO3 0,1 M
Aquades
b) Experiment Steps
1. Prepare the distillation set
2. Entering boiling stones into distillation flask by keel over the
distillation flask
3. Setting the distillation set
4. Prepare beaker glass 500 mL, pour 100 mL H2O and 1 gram NaCl.
Mix them until become homogeneous mixture.
5. Pour the solution into distillation flask using spatula
6. Running the water in the liquefier
7. Setting the Bunsen and put under distillation flask
8. Boiling the distillation flask until the temperature increase and
constant
9. Use beaker glass 100mL to get the distillate (10 mL) then the process
is stopped
10. Preparing 3 test tube

11. Pouring 5mL NaCl solution (solution before distillation) in test tube 1
12. Pouring 5mL distillate in test tube 2
13. Pouring 5mL aquades in test tube 3
14. Dropping 2 drops AgNO3 0,1M for each test tube
15. Comparing the purity between NaCl solution (solution before
distillation), distillate, and aquades and analyze

PROCEDURE
1gr NaCl + 100mL H2O
Entered to beaker glass (dissolved)
NaCl (aq)

1. Add some of boiling stones

2. Enter to distillation flask
Distillation flask

1. Run water through the Liquefier

2. Boiled distillation flask until the
temperature increase and constant
Distillate 10mL

Solution before
distillation
(NaCl(aq)) 5mL

Aquades 5mL
Distillate 5mL

Test Tube 1

Test Tube 2
Dropped AgNO3 0,1M
and compared

EXPERIMENT
RESULT

Test Tube 3

F. RESULTS OF OBSERVATIONS
No

Prosedure

Result
-Color of NaCl
solution became

1gr NaCl + 100mL

H2O
Entered to beaker glass (dissolved)

and there is a
white sediment

- Add some of boiling stones

- Entered to distillation

and white
-The colour

- Run water through the liquefier

- Boiled distillation flask until the
temperature increase and constant

but little bit

Distillate 10mL

on
befor
e
distil
latio
n
(NaC
l(aq))
5mL

ate
5mL

NaCl(s)+H2O(l)

result of this
we have done .
we sepater water

NaCl(aq)
NaCl(aq)

/ H20/ NaCl
from NaCl
solution. So the

H2O(l)+AgNO3(aq)

sediment
became cleare

Conclution
Based on the
experiment that

meanwhile

Distillation flask

Distill

AgCl(s)+NaNO3(aq)

a turbit white

NaCl (aq)

Soluti

Reaction
NaCl(aq)+AgNO3(aq)

AgNO3(aq)
AgNO3(aq)

solution was
produce NaCl
with lower
degree than

turbit without

before destilate.

sediment

The boiling
point of water

Aquad
es
5mL

vapor is 970 C,
and the first

Dropped
AgNO30,1M and
compered

temperature
before boiling is
300C.

EXPE
RIME
NT
RESU
LT

1.
2.

G. DATA ANALYSIS
In this experiment is distilled to separate the evaporation of a solution of NaCl.
Because the boiling point of water is lower than the salt comes out as distillate is
water (H2O). The model is based on the ideal distillation Raoult's Law and the
Law of Dalton. Raolut law is generally defined as fugasitas of each component in
the same solution to the product in a pure state fugasitasnya at the same
temperature and pressure as well as the fraction molnya in the solution. Partial
vapor pressure of a component in the mixture is equal to the vapor pressure of the
component in a pure state at a certain temperature. NaCl solution, aqudes, and
distillate purity tested with
AgNO3 then distilled water color is clear., Color NaCl solution became cloudy
white and there is a white precipitate, while distillate became clear colored but
slightly murky in the absence of sediment. Based on the theory of distillate in a
test with AgNO3 color remains clear, but in our experiments were poured with
AgNO3 distillate color changed to slightly turbid. The water flowing in the pipe
serves to cool the steam distillation water distillation distilled out through a pipe
that turns into dew and can drip into the beaker.

H. DISCUSSION
Pouring 100mL Aquades (colorless) and 1gram NaCl (white crystal) into
beaker glass until NaCl dissolve and become NaCl solution (colorless). After
that, pouring the NaCl solution into distillation flask using spatula, before
entering the solution, enter boiling stones by sloping over the distillation
flask. The purpose of adding boiling stones in that Erlenmeyer flask is to even
out the boiling process. Running the water into liquefier is to cool the vapor
that can turned into distillate. The boiling point of NaCl solution is 97 C. In
this condition, the solution will vaporize and the pure water vapor will pass in
the liquefier and form a colorless distillate. And then, compare the purity
between distillate, NaCl solution and aquades by adding AgNO3 0,1M into
each test tube. Added some of AgNO3 to see whether or not a pure solution.
5mL of colorless distillate which reacted with 2 drops of a colorless AgNO3
and produce AgNO3 solution (colorless).
5mL of colorless aquades which reacted with 2 drops of a colorless AgNO 3
and produce AgNO3 solution (colorless).
But, 5mL of colorless NaCl solution which reacted with 2 drops of a colorless
AgNO3 and form of precipitate that change the color of solution become
white.
After compared the result of the experiment, we got the result that same as the
theory, that purity of distillate is same as the purity of aquades. So we had the
experiment succeed.

I. CONCLUSION
Based on the result of this experiment that we have done . we sepater
water / H20/ NaCl from NaCl solution. So the solution was produce NaCl with
lower degree than before destilate. The boiling point of water vapor is 970 C, and
the first temperature before boiling is 300C.
J. ANSWER OF QUESTION
Question :
Why the water flow into the liquefier with different direction in the
distillate flow?
Answer :
It is intended for high temperature and pressure solution become too high.
So that the vapor produced much, vapor will be cooled and turned into
distillate. If the vapor produced much, then the amount of distillate
produced a lot too
K. REFERENCES
Tim kimia dasar, 2012, Petunjuk Praktikum Kimia Dasar 1, UNESA
Web Site
chemistry.about.com/c s/s/f/destallation, 9th October 2009
serbamurni.blogspot.com/7th Marcth 2012
(2012, 02). Distillation and Fraction Distillation Lab Report. StudyMode.com.

ATTACHMENT
No

Result

1.

Setting distillation set

2.

NaCl solution

Photo

3.

Distillate

4.

Distillate, NaCl solution, and Aquades

5.

NaCl after dropped by AgNO3 0,1M

6.

Distillate dropped by AgNO3 0,1M

7.

Aquades dropped by AgNO3 0,1M