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1.
n 1 ; 2 n 1
x[n] 2 n 1 ; 1 n 4
0
; elsewhere
i)
5
4
3
2
x(n)
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-3
Energy, Ex
-2
x ( n)
-1
x ( n)
0
n
(1) 2 0 2 12 2 2 2 2 4 2
n 2
1 0 1 4 4 16
26 J
x(n) 1 0 1 2 2 4
5
4
3
2
y(n)=x(2-n)
ii)
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-2
-1
Energy, Ey
y ( n)
y ( n)
4 2 2 2 2 2 12 0 2 (1) 2
n 1
16 4 4 1 0 1
26 J
iii)
x(n) (n 2) 1 0 1 2 2 41 0 0 0 0 0
z ( n ) 1 0 0 0 0 0
2
1.5
1
z(n)
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
-3
-2
-1
Energy, Ez
z ( n)
z ( n)
(1) 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2
n 2
1 0 0 0 0 0
1J
2.
x(n) {4, 2, 5, 3, 2, 6}
h(n) {5, 4, 2, 8}
a)
y ( n) x ( n) h( n)
4
5
20
y(n)
20
b)
2
4
10
16
26
-5
-2
-25
8
-8
3
8
15
-20
-4
32
23
-25
h(n) tri (n / 3) 13
2
3
y ( n) x ( n) h( n)
Using sum by column:
2
3
1
3
-6
10
12
10
16
48
-30
8
-6
-40
-68
-24
-4
24
-4
12
16
28
-48
-48
x(n)
h(n)
4.00
0.33
1.33
y(n)
1.33
2.00
0.67
0.67
2.67
-5.00
1.00
-1.67
1.33
4.00
3.33
3.67
X ( z)
3.
a)
3.00
0.67
1.00
-3.33
2.00
2.67
2.00
0.33
0.67
2.00
-5.00
1.33
1.33
0.33
2.33
-6.00
-2.00
1.33
3.00
-3.33
0.67
-0.33
-4.00
2.00
2.00
-1.67
-1.67
z2
( z 1)( z 2 z 0.5)
X ( z)
z
2
z
( z 1)( z z 0.5)
X ( z)
A
B
B
z
( z 1) ( z 0.5 j 0.5) ( z 0.5 j 0.5)
z
( z z 0.5)
2
z 1
1
A
2
(1) (1) 0.5
A 2
z
( z 1)( z 0.5 j 0.5)
z 0.5 j 0.5
0.5 j 0.5
(0.5 j 0.5 1)(0.5 j 0.5 0.5 j 0.5)
0.5 j 0.5
(0.5 j 0.5)( j )
B 1
-6.00
1.33
1.00
-3.67
-4.00
0.67
-3.33
-2
-2.00
X ( z)
2
1
1
z
( z 1) ( z 0.5 j 0.5) ( z 0.5 j 0.5)
X ( z)
2z
z
z
n
n
x(n) 2(1) n u (n) 2 0.5 cos
u (n)
4
b)
1
y[n]
2
n 1
u[n 1]
n
1 1
y (n) u (n 1)
2 2
n
1
2 u (n 1)
2
Y ( z)
2z 2
z 12
x ( n) u ( n)
X ( z)
z
z 1
2z 2
Y ( z ) z 12 2 z ( z 1) 2 z 2
2z
H ( z)
1
1
z
X ( z)
z2
z 2 z 12
z 1
n
1
1
h(n) 2 u (n 1) 2 u (n) 4 0
2
2
n
2(1/2)^n
u(n+1)
sig1
-1
4
1
4
0
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
0.5
1
0.5
3
0.25
1
0.25
4
0.125
1
0.125
5
0.0625
1
0.0625
6
0.03125
1
0.03125
7
0.015625
1
0.015625
8
0.007813
1
0.007813
u(n)
sig2
0
0
1
2
1
1
1
0.5
1
0.25
1
0.125
1
0.0625
1
0.03125
1
0.015625
1
0.007813
sig
4.
S = 100;
t s 1 / 100 0.01
N = 10
n = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
x(n) 2 cos(2nt s ) 3 sin( 20nt s ) 5 sin(30nt s )
x ( n) 2 cos( 2n(0.01)) 3 sin( 20n(0.01)) 5 sin(30n(0.01))
x(n) 2 0.2857 0.0821 3.2727 6.6394 6.9021 3.0351 2.5886 5.8558 4.1198
Q1.
i)
ii)
(2)
y e (n) x(1.5 n)
x( 32 n)
(1)
x( 322 n )
(2)
1,2,3,6, 1,6,3,2,1
iii)
(2)
n
d(n+2)
u(n)
-u(n-3)
+
x(n)
z(n)
-3
0
0
0
0
2
0
-2
1
0
0
1
-5
-5
-1
0
0
0
0
11
0
0
0
1
0
1
-3
-3
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
2
0
1
0
1
-9
-9
3
0
1
-1
0
-5
0
4
0
1
-1
0
1
0
5
0
1
-1
0
0
0
6
0
1
-1
0
0
0
(4)
Q2.
x(n) r (n 3) r (n 2) u (n 1) (n) 2u (n 1)
i)
n
r(n+3)
-r(n+2)
u(n+1)
d(n)
-2u(n-1)
x(n)
(1)
-5
0
0
0
0
0
0
-4
0
0
0
0
0
0
-3
0
0
0
0
0
0
-2
1
0
0
0
0
1
-1
2
-1
1
0
0
2
0
3
-2
1
1
0
3
1
4
-3
1
0
-2
0
2
5
-4
1
0
-2
0
3
6
-5
1
0
-2
0
4
7
-6
1
0
-2
0
5
8
-7
1
0
-2
0
6
9
-8
1
0
-2
0
3
4
-3
-1
0
0
4
5
-4
-1
0
0
5
6
-5
-1
0
0
6
7
-6
-1
0
0
(4)
x(n) 1,2, 3
h1 (n) r (n 1) r (n) u (n 1) (n 2)
ii)
n
r(n+1)
-r(n)
-u(n-1)
d(n-2)
h1(n)
-5
0
0
0
0
0
-4
0
0
0
0
0
-3
0
0
0
0
0
-2
0
0
0
0
0
-1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
2
-1
-1
0
0
h1 (n) 1,0,1
iii)
h2 (n) u (n 3) u (n 2) 2 (n 1)
2
3
-2
-1
1
1
(4)
n
u(n+3)
-u(n+2)
-2d(n-1)
h2(n)
-5
0
0
0
0
-4
0
0
0
0
-3
1
0
0
1
-2
1
-1
0
0
-1
1
-1
0
0
0
1
-1
0
0
1
1
-1
-2
-2
2
1
-1
0
0
3
1
-1
0
0
4
1
-1
0
0
5
1
-1
0
0
6
1
-1
0
0
(4)
x(n)
h1(n)
1
1
1
2
0
2
0
x(n)*h1(n)
x(n)
h1(n)
1
1
1
2
0
2
0
x(n)*h2(n)
3
1
3
0
1
4
3
0
3
0
0
0
2
2
3
3
-2
0
0
0
0
0
0
-2
-2
(2)
0
-4
-4
-6
-6
(2)
1,2,3,1,4, 8,8,3
Q3
a)
(2)
1
z 2 z 2 3z
1
z ( z 1)( z 3)
A
B
C
z ( z 1) ( z 3)
X ( z)
1
( z 1)( z 3)
1
z ( z 3)
1
z ( z 1)
z 0
z 1
z 3
1
1
(1)(3)
3
1
1
(1)(4) 4
1
1
(3)(4) 12
(1)
(2)
(2)
(2)
11 1 1 1 1
X ( z)
3 z 4 z 1 12 z 3
1
1
1
x(n) (n 1) (1) n 1 u (n 1) (3) n 1 u (n 1)
3
4
12
b)
(3)
Y ( z ) 2 zX ( z ) X ( z )
3
X ( z)
z2
2 z 1 2 X ( z )
z
H ( z)
Y ( z)
3
2z 1 2
X ( z)
z
(2)
(2)
X ( z)
z
z 1
(1)
3
z
Y ( z) H ( z) X ( z)
2 z 1 2
z
z 1
3
2
2z z 3
z 1
3
2z
z2
3
z 1 z 1 z 1
(2)
y (n) 2u (n 2) u (n 1) 3u (n 1)
(2)
Q4a)
The Fourier transform of a rectangular pulse Fig. 3.9.a of duration T seconds is obtained as
R( f ) r (t ) e j2ft dt
j2fT / 2
e
j2f
T /2
1.e
T / 2
j2fT / 2
j2ft
dt
sin(fT )
T sinc( fT )
fT