CIVL151 Fluid Mechanics

Lab 3 Pipe Flow

Lab Manual
TA: Xu Jie Jessie!
"#$ail:
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Objective
To in+es(i,a(e (he +alidi(- o. /e0noulli1s e2ua(ion as applied (o (he .low o. wa(e0 in a +en(u0i
$e(e0)
Related Concepts and Theories
1! /e0noulli1s "2ua(ion Conse0+a(ion o. "ne0,-!
3
3
3 3
1
3
1 1
3 3
z
g
v p
z
g
v p
+ + = + +

.o0 ideal .low
3! Con(inui(- "2ua(ion Conse0+a(ion o. Mass!
3 3 1 1
A v A v =
.o0 inco$p0essible .luid
3! "ne0,- 40ade Line (o(al head! and 5-d0aulic 40ade Line pie6o$e(0ic head !
"4L:
z
g
v p
+ +
3
3

54L:
z
p
+

7! 8e-nolds 9u$be0
8e-nolds 9u$be0 R! :

D v
R ; 3<<< La$ina0 Flow
3<<< ; R ; 7<<< T0ansi(ion Flow
R = 7<<< Tu0bulen( Flow
Apparatus
5-d0aulic bench> +en(u0i $e(e0> $ano$e(e0 (ubes> (o(al head p0obe pi(o( (ube!> scalin, boa0d>
s(op wa(ch and (he0$o$e(e0
1
Procedures
/- usin, (he ad&us(able .ee(> (he appa0a(us is le+elled on (he h-d0aulic bench) A.(e0 in&ec(in,
a s$all a$oun( o. we((in, a,en( in(o (he (es( sec(ion> (he appa0a(us is connec(ed (o (he bench>
ensu0in, (ha( (he (es( sec(ion has (he 17
o
(ape0ed duc( con+e0,in, in (he di0ec(ion o. .low)
Ca0e.ull- .ill (he appa0a(us $ano$e(e0 (ubes wi(h wa(e0 (o discha0,e all poc*e(s o. ai0 .0o$
(he s-s(e$ and ensu0e all connec(in, pipes a0e .0ee .0o$ ai0) Ca0e.ull- ad&us( (he inle( .eed
and (he .low con(0ol +al+es (o (he la0,es( con+enien( di..e0ence be(ween (he hi,hes( and
lowes( $ano$e(e0 le+els) 9o(e (he scale 0eadin, o. each $ano$e(e0 le+el> and $a*e su0e i( is
in (he $easu0in, 0an,e o. (he scalin, boa0d)
Ta*e a( leas( (h0ee se(s o. 0eadin,s o. +olu$e and (i$e (o .ind (he .low 0a(e usin, (he
+olu$e(0ic (an*)
Inse0( (he (o(al head p0obe (o posi(ion 1!) Fo0 each posi(ion 1> 3> 3> 7> 5 and ?!> 0eco0d (he
scale 0eadin,s o. pie6o$e(0ic head and (o(al head)
3
8epea( (his .o0 (h0ee di..e0en( .low 0a(es .as(> $ediu$ and slow!)
@(op (he inle( .eed> d0ain o.. (he appa0a(us> wi(hd0aw (he (o(al head p0obe> undo (he
couplin,s> 0e+e0se (he (es( sec(ions and 0eplace (he couplin,s)
8epea( (he abo+e p0ocedu0es)
Results and Calculations
Fo0 bo(h (he no0$al .low se(up and (he 0e+e0sed .low se(up:
1! P0esen( (he (es( 0esul(s and calcula(ions in a (abula(ed .o0$> use ,:A)B1$Cs
3
)
3! Calcula(e (he (heo0e(ical .low 0a(e Q
t
! based on /e0noulli1s "2ua(ion and Con(inui(-
"2ua(ion> co$pa0ed wi(h (he $easu0ed .low 0a(e Q
m
!> and calcula(e (he discha0,e
coe..icien( C
D
! .o0 di..e0en( (es( condi(ions)
3! Dse (he (heo0e(ical .low 0a(e Q
t
! (o calcula(e (he (heo0e(ical .low +eloci(ies v
t
!> calcula(e
(he $easu0ed .low +eloci(ies v
m
! usin, (he $easu0ed .low 0a(e Q
m
!> and calcula(e (he
.low +eloci(- v
b
! .0o$ (he $easu0ed (o(al and pie6o$e(0ic heads based on /e0noulli1s
"2ua(ion) Plo( (he (h0ee .low +eloci(ies alon, (he (ube o. di..e0en( .low 0a(es)
7! Plo( (he e%pe0i$en(al "4Ls and 54Ls alon, (he pipe o. di..e0en( .low 0a(es)
5! Calcula(e (he 8e-nolds nu$be0 usin, (he $easu0ed .low +eloci(ies v
m
!)
Discussions
Please discuss a( leas( (he .ollowin, 2ues(ions o0 issues -ou $a- add $o0e i. -ou li*e!:
1! @(a(e possible sou0ces o. e00o0 o0 inaccu0ac- in (his e%pe0i$en()
3! Lis( ou( o0 su,,es( p0ecau(ions (ha( ha+e been done o0 should be done in o0de0 (o
$ini$ise e00o0s $en(ioned in pa0( 1!)
3! Eiscuss (he +alidi(- o. (he /e0noulli1s e2ua(ion in (his e%pe0i$en()
7! Co$pa0e (he (heo0e(ical and e%pe0i$en(al 0esul(s> and discuss (he 0easons .o0 (hese
disc0epancies)
5! Eesc0ibe (he i$pac( o. 0e+e0sin, (he +en(u0i $e(e0 and e%plain wh- (hese occu0)
?! Ee(e0$ine (he .low (-pe and desc0ibe (he .low pa((e0n)
Report Guidelines
1! "ach sub#sub#,0oup $us( w0i(e a 0epo0( .o0 (he e%pe0i$en()
3
3! 8epo0(s should be sub$i((ed (o (he pi,eon hole ou(side TA o..ice 8$313?! wi(hin 3
wee*s a.(e0 (he da- conduc(in, e%pe0i$en()
3! Fou a0e e%pec(ed (o include a( leas( (he .ollowin, sec(ions in -ou0 0epo0(:
a! Ti(le pa,e wi(h ,0oup nu$be0 e),) 1A#43C1!> na$es and s(uden( nu$be0s o.
,0oup $e$be0s> and (he da(e conduc(in, e%pe0i$en(!
b! In(0oduc(ion e),) Gha( is (his e%pe0i$en( abou(H Gha( a0e (he ob&ec(i+es o. (his
e%pe0i$en(H Gha( ha+e been done (o achie+e (hese ob&ec(i+esH Please s(a(e (he
di+ision o. wo0* in (his sec(ion (oo)!
c! /ac*,0ound and Theo0ies Eon1( &us( cop- wha( -ou ha+e in (his $anual) Please
elabo0a(e and possibl- de0i+e (he e2ua(ions!
d! Appa0a(us
e! P0ocedu0es in poin( .o0$!
.! 8esul(s and Calcula(ions
,! Eiscussions
h! Conclusion
i! 8e.e0ences i. an-!
7! Ten(a(i+e $a0*s alloca(ion .o0 (he 0epo0(:
Con(en(s: I<J 35J .o0 pa0(s b! (o e!K 75J .o0 pa0(s .! (o h!!
L0,anisa(ion> Fo0$a( and Lan,ua,e: 3<J
5! 8epo0(s $us( be (-ped and well#w0i((en) Poo0l- w0i((en 0epo0(s will no( be accep(ed)
?! Eon1( cop- 0epo0(s .0o$ o(he0 ,0oups) Me0o $a0*s will be ,i+en in case o. pla,ia0is$)
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