New Era University

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

No. 9 Central Avenue, New Era
Quezon City 1107, Philippines


ECE 571 Laboratory

Experiment No.3

Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)


Performed by : Bernardo, Jeffrey D.
Date Performed : August 11, 2012
Date Submitted : August 25, 2012


Engr. Jocelyn C. Pangilinan
Laboratory Instructor

Performance :
Content :
Presentation :
Rating :
I. Objectives

1. To generate the frequency shift keying (FSK) signal

II. Materials
Oscilloscope
Regulated Power Supply
Audio Signal Generator x3
10k x3 and 47k Resistor
10k Potentiometer
Transistor

III. Procedure

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the figure.




2. Apply the input voltage c1(t) at 50kHz and c2(t) at 100kHz. Apply binary data at
1kHz.
3. Observed the waveforms of FSK.
4. Use demodulation circuit to obtain binary data back.




IV. Data and Results

FSK Modulator








FSK Modulated Signal













FSK Demodulator










FSK Demodulated Signal













V. Observation

During our experiment I observed that a frequency-shift keying
(FSK) is a method of transmitting digital signals. The two binary
states, logic 0 (low) and 1 (high), are each represented by
an analog waveform. Logic 0 is represented by a wave at a
specific frequency, and logic 1 is represented by a wave at a different
frequency.
In this experiment we used a square wave for our original
digital signal and a constant in frequency sine wave for the carrier
signal. The signals are now then modulated by the modulating circuit
or the modulator. The output wave or the modulated wave is now
our frequency shift-keying modulated signal, and to describe its
waveform you can look back at the image above. The minimum
duration of a mark or space condition is called the element length.
Typical values for element length are between 5 and 22 milliseconds,
but element lengths of less than 1 microsecond and greater than 1
second have been used.
And after the original digital signal is modulated, we
demodulated it, and as what we tackled in our past experiment,
demodulation is the process used in the receivers to recover the
original signal coming from the sender end in modulating form. So
after the demodulation we recovered our original digital signal,
which is in a square wave form.

VI. Conclusion
Based on my observations, I can now conclude that FSK
(Frequency Shift Keying) is also known as frequency shift modulation
and frequency shift signaling. Frequency Shift Keying is a data signal
converted into a specific frequency or tone in order to transmit it
over wire, cable, optical fiber or wireless media to a destination
point. In Frequency Shift Keying, the modulating signals shift
the output frequency between predetermined levels. Technically FSK
has two classifications, the non-coherent and coherent FSK. In non-
coherent FSK, the instantaneous frequency is shifted between two
discrete values named mark and space frequency, respectively.