Polytechnic University of Zacatecas

MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

ENGLISH IV

TEACHER: VANESSA ROBLES MALDONADO

TEAM: JAFET SOLIS CARRILLO
DANIEL ACEVEDO CHACON




OPTICAL SENSORS


DATE:__________________________________


INTRODUCTION________________________________
Sensor is called any element that is able to transform physical signals such as
temperature, position, length etc., into electrical signals. The full range of sensor
technology offers the right solution for multiple tasks automation. Even in extreme
conditions, shape, position, and surface objects accurately detected, counted, placed
and distances are shown with great success. An optical sensor is based on the use of
the interaction between light and matter to determine the properties of the latter.

OPTICAL SENSORS_____________________________
Detect the presence of a person or object that interrupt the beam of light that reaches
the sensor.
The main optical sensors are photoresistors, LDR.
Recall that it was resistance whose value decreased with the light, so that when they
receive a light beam allow the passage of electric current through the control circuit.
When a person or an obstacle interrupt the passage of light, the LDR resistance
increases and interrupts the flow of current through the control circuit.


TYPES OF OPTICAL SENSORS____________________
Barrier photo-switches
They consist of an infrared emitter and separated by an opening where a mechanical
device that will produce a cut-off to be inserted phototransistor. The output will be either
0 or 1.

Photo-reflective switches
They consist of a transmitter and an infrared receiver located in the same plane surface,
reflection detect two types of colors, usually black and white, on a mechanical element.

Optical Encoders
With photo-switches and can be mounted reflective optical encoders, consisting of a
disk that has drawn segments to be detected by the sensors




Two types of encoders:

Incremental Encoders
Allow an optical sensor to detect the number of available disk segment and another
sensor detects the zero position of said disc.
Absolute Encoders
Possible to know the exact position at any time without to make a full turn to detect the
zero point of the disc.

CONCLUDE____________________________________
Sensors are helpful because they allow us to have contact with the real world with
computer, these allow us to obtain signals with a circuit or some software to be able to
interpret some automated processes that are performed faster and more efficiently and
which in turn is having quality.