NAME: AMIRUL AFIQ BIN MOHD RIBANI

CLASS: 1 CARDIOLOGY
COLLEGE NUMBER: 09014
HOMEROOM TEACHER: PUAN AINA

APPRECIATION

THANKS TO ALL ONE THAT HELP ME

TO FINISH

THE FOLIO. ESPECIALLY TEACHER

NORHALIZA ,

MY ADVISOR OF ROBOTICS CLUB THAT

GIVE ME
THE FORMAT OF THE FOLIO. SECONDLY, I
THANKED

MY PARENTS THAT HELP ME TO FINISH

THE FOLIO.

LASTLY, I THANKED TO ALL MY FRIENDS

THAT

ENCOURAGE ME FINISH THE FOLIO

Introduction to robotics technology

The word "robot" originates from the Czech word for forced labor, or serf. It was introduced by
playwright Karel Capek, whose fictional robotic inventions were much like Dr. Frankenstein's
monster -- creatures created by chemical and biological, rather than mechanical, methods. But
the current mechanical robots of popular culture are not much different from these fictional
biological creations. Basically a robots consists of:
• A mechanical device, such as a wheeled platform, arm, or other construction,
capable of interacting with its environment
• Sensors on or around the device that are able to sense the environment and
give useful feedback to the device
• Systems that process sensory input in the context of the device's current
situation and instruct the device to perform actions in response to the
situation

Robot, defined
"A re-programmable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts,
tools, or specialized devices through various programmed motions for the
performance of a variety of tasks."
-- From the Robot Institute of America, 1979

In the manufacturing field, robot development has focused on engineering robotic arms that
perform manufacturing processes. In the space industry, robotics focuses on highly specialized,
one-of-kind planetary rovers. Unlike a highly automated manufacturing plant, a planetary rover
operating on the dark side of the moon -- without radio communication -- might run into
unexpected situations. At a minimum, a planetary rover must have some source of sensory input,
some way of interpreting that input, and a way of modifying its actions to respond to a changing
world. Furthermore, the need to sense and adapt to a partially unknown environment requires
intelligence (in other words, artificial intelligence).
From military technology and space exploration to the health industry and commerce, the
advantages of using robots have been realized to the point that they are becoming a part of our
collective experience and every day lives.
They function to relieve us from danger and tedium:
• Safety: Robotics have been developed to handle nuclear and radioactive
chemicals for many different uses including nuclear weapons, power plants,
environmental cleanup, and the processing of certain drugs.
• Unpleasantness: Robots perform many tasks that are tedious and
unpleasant, but necessary, such as welding or janitorial work.
• Repetition and precision: Assembly line work has been one of the
mainstays of the robotics industry. Robots are used extensively in
manufacturing and, more glamorously, in space exploration, where minimum
maintenance requirements are emphasized.

LEGO® EDUCATION - MINDSTORMS™ NXT

Accessories
Interactive Servo Motor
With an in-built rotation sensor which measures exact speed and
distance and reports back to the NXT. LEGO Technic holes for fast
and easy building. Allows for precise motor control, the motors
will align the speed when your robot moves and it has a 1 degree
step control. You will need a connector cable, which is included in
the 9797 Base Set.
Product Code: 9842
Interactive Servo Motor
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NXT Touch Sensor
Using the NXT brick, the touch sensor detects pressure i.e.
when the button is presses or released. The sensor is also
able to count single press and multiple presses. You will
need a connector cable, which is included in the 9797 Base
Set

Product Code: 9843

NXT Touch Sensor
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NXT Light Sensor

The light sensor is able to sense light or dark as well
as light intensity. Also able to measure light intensity
in colours (grey scale sorting). You will need a
connector cable, which is included in the 9797 Base
Set.

Product Code: 9844

 NXT Sound Sensor
Measures DB and DBA. Has sound pattern and
tone recognition. You will need a connector cable,
which is included in the 9797 Base Set.

Product Code: 9845

NXT Sound Sensor
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NXT Light Sensor

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NXT Ultrasonic Sensor

Senses distance and recognises objects and movement.
You will need a connector cable, which is included in the 9797
Base Set.

Product Code: 9846

NXT Ultrasonic Sensor
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Product Code: 9749
NXT Temperature Sensor
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HiTechnic (MMC 1034)

NXT Compass Sensor
Expand your NXT experiences with the new
NXT Compass Sensor and add accurate
navigation to your MINDSTORMS® NXT
projects. The NXT Compass Sensor is a digital
compass that measures the earth’s magnetic
field and outputs a value representing the
current heading.

Product Code: MS1034

Hitechnic Compass Sensor

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NXT Temperature Sensor

The temperature sensor is a digital sensor
powered by the NXT brick. Using the NXT
brick and NXT software version 2.0, it can
be calibrated to measure both Celsius and
Fahrenheit (-20 °C to +120 °C/-4 °F to +248
°F).
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HiTechnic (NCO 1038)

NXT Colour Sensor
Add a spectrum of color to your models with the
HiTechnic Color Sensor. Detect a range of target colors
and program your NXT robot react to each color. Build
a color sorter to sort LEGO bricks or a line follower
that will detect different color lines and surface colors.

Product Code: MS1038

Hitechnic Colour Sensor
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HiTechnic (NAC 1040)

NXT Acceleration/Tilt Sensor
The NXT Acceleration Sensor contains a three axis
accelerometer that measures acceleration in three
axes, x, y and z. Acceleration is measured in the
range of –2g to +2g with scaling of approximately
200 counts per g.
Product Code: MS1040
Hitechnic Accelorometer Sensor
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HiTechnic (NSK 1042)

NXT IRSeeker Sensor
Great for RoboCup Jr competitions to detect the
direction of the infrared RoboCup soccer ball. The
IRSeeker has an array of infrared detectors that
give a 135 degree view and returns the direction
and relative signal strength indicating the location
of the soccer ball. Your NXT robot can easily find
the soccer ball and keep it in sight. A winning
combination when combined with the HiTechnic
NXT Compass Sensor!

Product Code: MS1042

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 HiTechnic NXT EOPD
Accurately detect objects and small changes in
distance to a target with the HiTechnic EOPD.
The EOPD or Electro Optical Proximity
Detector uses an internal light source to detect
the presence of a target or determine changes in
distance to a target.
By generating its own light source, the EOPD is
able to filter out all external light signals so as a
robot moves from bright areas to dimly lit areas
or through shadows, the EOPD automatically
compensates and only returns a signal based on
its own light source.
Targets can be accurately detected over
distances up to about 8 inches (20 cm),
depending on the target size, shape and
reflective qualities.

Product Code: MS1048

HiTechnic NXT EOPD

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LEGO NXT Vernier

Sensor Adaptor
The Vernier NXT sensor adaptor allows you to
integrate vernier sensors with the NXT brick and NXT
software.
Embedded in a LEGO NXT sensor housing Very easy
to assemble on to your NXT model
 Age 8+
 Key Stages 2, 3 & 4
HiTechnic (NGY 1044)
NXT Gyro Sensor
Measure the additional dimension of rotation with the
NXT Gyro Sensor. This sensor that lets you accurately
detect rotation for your NXT projects. The NXT Gyro
Sensor returns the number of degrees per second of
rotation as well as indicating the direction of rotation.
Measure +/- 360° per second and build robots that can
balance, swing or perform other functions where
measurement of rotation is essential.
Product Code: MS1044
Hitechnic Gyro Sensor
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HiTechnic (NIL 1046)

NXT IRLink
The Infrared Link will enable you to build robots which
can communicate with other devices such as
Mindstorms RCX. The IRLink contains an infrared (IR)
Transmitter and Receiver, connects to an NXT sensor
port and communicates with the RCX through its IR
port allowing Mindstorms builders to create designs that
integrate the NXT and RCX and then establish a
communications link between them.

Product Code: MS1046

Hitechnic Infrared Link
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