4 b. What are the tolls that are commonly using in translation?

- A. Conventional tools that are commonly used in translation are paper, pencil,
and the important thing is Dictionary. Dictionary is collection information about
a word or word combination. Collection information with a word or word
combination was called entry. There are many kinds of dictionary. According to
the language was differenced become monolingual dictionary, bilingual
dictionary, and various lingual dictionary. Another conventional tool is
thesaurus. In thesaurus a entry word followed by another word that has similarly
meaning. Another thesaurus also add antonym in the end of entry.

- B. modern tolls

The first modern tools for translator is Trans tool. Trans tool was made like
calculator so it’s easy to bring. The weakness from this dictionary is little
explanation and the advantage is fast to find word. Another modern dictionary is
software dictionary that very helpful for computer used. If conventional
dictionary and trans tool are not complete translator can use online resource
with free download in internet.

4 c. mention what are the basic skills that the translator has to have in order to be
able understand reading text?

- A. Deciding the meanings of words from contents

Find the meaning text with looking for words or phrase and follow those words,
so we can know the function, kinds of words, and finally the right meaning fro
text.

- B. Understanding the forms and meaning of non-idiomatic phrases

This is different things from idiomatic phrases that the material memorized, non-
idiomatic phrases made by rules and unlimited.

Kinds of non-idiomatic phrases:

1. Noun phrases

2. Gerund phrases

3. Participial phrases

4. Predicative verb phrases

5. Infinitive phases
- C. Understanding standing sentence meaning through syntactical structures

The skill is the knowledge grammar application syntax especially to identify

word, phrase or subject, predicate, object, adverb complement. Translator
always found difficult sentence if the sentence are complex and unusual in
Indonesian language.

- D. Recognizing and understanding rhetorical structure

Rhetorical structure has relationships functional meaning that showed by

language substance in text. This structure is the basic frame work in the texts
that has topic, writer purpose and reader.

- E. Critical reading skills

1. To find the purpose, point of view and rime from writer.

2. Made inferential, generalization, conclusion.

3. Evaluate the source from writer.

4. Evaluate manner writers and writers language