CHAPTER 13:

INHERITANCE
1
Chapter 5 : INHERITANCE
Activity 1 : INHERITANCE GRAND
CROSSWORD CHALLENGE
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
2
Across
1. Geneticall !!!!!!!! or"anisms are those or"anisms that ha#e ac$%ired one or more
"enes & arti'icial means
6. (he do%&le heli) in *+, is held to"ether & !!!!!!!! &onds
8. !!!!!!! -i&rosis is a common hereditar disease that ca%se the patients to ha#e
a&normall thic. and stic. m%c%s that harms the l%n"s
9. /etero0"o%s 'emales are .nown as !!!!!!!!!! o' /aemophilia
15. Genetic !!!!!!!!!! is a techni$%e o' "ene manip%lation to create new com&inations o'
"enes
16. 1n 2endel3s e)periment4 since (( are two same alleles4 the or"anism is re'erred to as
!!!!!!!!
17. 1' the indi#id%al has the rhes%s 'actor4 he is .nown as 5h6!!!!!!!!!!!
18. 2endell carried o%t !!!!!6pollination on two plants & trans'errin" the pollen "rains 'rom tall
plant onto the sti"ma o' the short plant
20. !!!!! cells can &e isolated 'rom the em&ros at the &astocst sta"e
21. 22 homolo"o%s pairs o' chromosomes in h%man cells are called !!!!!!!!! meanwhile 7
and 8 are called se) chromosomes
25. Condition in which the &lood does not clot normall d%e to lac. o' protein needed 'or normal
&lood clottin"
26. (he o&ser#a&le characteristics o' an or"anism li.e colo%r4 si0e4 'orm and str%ct%re is
re'erred to as !!!!!!
27. E)amples o' monoh&rid inheritance other than sic.le cell anaemia4 /%tin"ton3s disease and
5hes%s &lood "ro%ps
29. (he word homolo"o%s means !!!!!!!! in position4 str%ct%re and ori"in &%t not necessarill
similar in '%nction
31. !!!!!!! 9$%are is a "rid or chart to show the possi&le com&inations o' "ametes 'or a cross
35. :rinciples o' !!!!!!!!! states that one 'actor or "ene in a pair ma pre#ent the other 'rom
&ein" e)pressed
36. !!!!!!!! are o''sprin" o' parents di''erin" in at least one characteristic
38. 1nheritance depends on the trans'er o' !!!!!!!!! 'actors 'rom parents to o''sprin"
39. !!!!!!!!! are di''erent 'orms o' the same "ene 'or a trait and occ%p the same relati#e
position on a pair o' homolo"o%s chromosomes
41. (he word ;allele; is 'rom a Gree. word ;allelon; which means !!!!!!!!! or parallel
43. *+, !!!!!!!!!!! is a proced%re which analses a person3s %ni$%e collection o' *+,
se"ments
44. (he /%man !!!!!!! :ro<ect aim to identi' the names and location o' all the h%man "enes
on the 22 pairs o' a%tosomes and the 7 and 8 chromosomes
45. =hen chromosomes are arran"ed and n%m&ered & si0e4 startin" 'rom lar"est pair to
smallest pair
46. !!!!!!!!! are &asic %nits o' inheritance which occ%p speci'ic positions on chromosomes
47. , recessi#e allele onl e)presses itsel' when the dominant allele is !!!!!!!!!!
48. Each n%cleotide contains a s%"ar4 !!!!!!!!! "ro%p and a nitro"eno%s &ase
49. =hen &oth alleles are present4 the &oth ha#e an e''ect
50. , *+, molec%le consists o' millions o' n%cleotides 'o%nd in two chains called
!!!!!!!!!!!!!! chains
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
3
Dow
2. Each characteristics is controlled & a pair o' !!!!!!!
3. (he prod%ce identical !!!!!!!!!! that show the same traits as their parents
4. (rans'er o' "ene on the *+, molec%le 'rom one li#in" or"anism onto the *+, molec%le o'
another or"anism is re'erred to as !!!!!!!!!! *+, technolo"
5. Certain proteins called !!!!!!! on the mem&rane o' red &lood cells ca%se a""l%tination
7. Genetics composition o' an or"anism and cannot &e seen
10. ,llele 'or the short trait is called the !!!!!!! allele
11. (he "enotpic !!!!! o' the -illial 2 "eneration is 1 ((> 2(t > 1tt
12. , cross which in#ol#es two pairs o' alleles determinin" two characteristics is called a
!!!!!!!!! cross
13. (he mem&ers o' each pair o' alleles separate or se"re"ate d%rin" the 'ormation o' "ametes.
?nl !!!! allele can &e carried in a sin"le "amete
14. -actors se"re"ate or separate d%rin" !!!!! 'ormation so that each !!!!!!!! contains onl
one o' a pair o' 'actors 'or a "i#en characteristic
19. -irst @aw o' 1nheritance also .nown as the @aw o' !!!!!!!!!!!
22. childhood disease ca%sed & a recessi#e "ene and a''ects the haemo"lo&in in red &lood
cells
23. (he passin" on o' "enetic instr%ctions 'rom "eneration to "eneration
24. (he position o' the "ene is called !!!!!!
26. 9cienti'ic name 'or "arden pea in 2endel3s e)periment is !!!!!!!! sati#%m
28. *+, is made %p o' %nits called !!!!!!!!!!!
30. !!!!!!!! inheritance means inherintance in#ol#in" a sin"le characteristic determined &
one "ene
32. (he res%lt o' the parental cross appeared in the 'irst "eneration is called the 'irst !!!!!
"eneration
33. , !!!!6&reedin" pea plant is o&tained a'ter man "enerations o' sel' pollination
34. 9tem cells can also &e o&tained 'rom !!!!!!!! tiss%e 'rom terminated pre"nancies
37. (he second law o' inheritance is also .nown as @aw o' !!!!!!!!!! ,ssortment
40. Genes that control #ario%s traits on 7 and 8 chromosomes are called se)6!!!!!!! "enes
41. (he !!!!!!!! 'actor is a "ro%p o' anti"ens in red &lood cells that will ca%se a""l%tination
when it reacts with anti&odies 'rom indi#id%als witho%t this anti"en
42. !!!!!!!! &lindness is ca%sed & a recessi#e allele carried on the 7 chromosomes
44. (he scienti'ic st%d o' inheritance
48. (wo or more !!!!! o' alleles se"re"ate indipendentl o' one another d%rin" the 'ormation o'
"ametes
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
4
Activity ! :

,nalse the statements &elow. Choose the TR"E statements.
+o. 9tatements
#ALSE$ TR"E
1. /ereditar 'actors called "enes determine the characteristics
o' an or"anisms
2. +%cleic acids are s%ita&le as hereditar material &eca%se the
cannot chan"e
3 (he passin" o' "enetics instr%ctions 'rom "eneration to
"eneration is called inheritance
4 ,n or"anism which has di''erent alleles o' a certain trait is said
to &e "eneticall homolo"o%s
5 Genes are located on chromosomes
6 Genes are made %p o' se#eral chromosomes
7 Chromosomes are made o' *+,4 "enes are made o' 5+,
8
Choose the (5AE statement.
,ll o' their sons will &e haemophiliacs.
,ll o' their da%"hters will &e normal.
(he pro&a&ilit o' "ettin" haemophiliac sons is 75B
,ll their children will &e normal
!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!
!!!!!
9 ,mon" rhes%s 'actor o' mother and 'irst &a& which will ca%se
pro&lem the second child who is 5h6positi#e when she is in
motherCs %ter%sD
Choose the (5AE statements
2other -irst Ea& (r%e F -alse
1 5h6ne"ati#e 5h6positi#e
11 5h6positi#e 5h6positi#e
111 5h6ne"ati#e 5h6ne"ati#e
1G 5h6positi#e 5h6ne"ati#e
, woman who is a carrier 'or haemophilia marries a man
who is normal.
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
5
10. (he 'i"%re shows a monoh&rid cross &etween two d%rian trees4 : and H. 50B o' the
o''sprin" prod%ce thic. 'lesh while the other 50B prod%ce thin 'lesh. 1n d%rian trees thic.
'lesh are dominant o#er thin 'lesh.
:arents> *%rian tree : 7 *%rian tree H
Ithic. 'leshJ Ithin 'leshJ
?''sprin" *%rian tree 5 *%rian tree 9
Ithic. 'leshJ 50B Ithin 'leshJ 50B
1' d%rian tree 5 is crossed with d%rian tree 94 what percenta"e o' the trees will prod%ce
thin 'leshD
:ercenta"e (r%e F -alse
0B
50B
20B
75B
11.
*ia"ram 1
*ia"ram 1 shows the .arotpe o' an indi#id%al.
5
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
6
=hich o' the 'ollowin" shows the n%m&er o' chromosomes in a "amete prod%ced & the
indi#id%alD Choose the TR"E statements.
9tatements (r%e F -alse
22 K 8
22 K 78
44 K 8
44 K 7
12. (he 'ollowin" in'ormation shows the alleles &elon"in" to a pair o' married co%ple.
=hich o' the 'ollowin" crosses prod%ces male pro"en who all ha#e colo%r &lindnessD
Crosses (r%e F -alse
7
&
8 ) 7
E
7
&
7
E
8 ) 7
E
7
&
7
&
8 ) 7
E
7
E

7
E
8 ) 7
&
7
&
STR"CT"RED RES%ONSE
1.
6
E > dominant allele
& > recessi#e allele 'or colo%r &lindness
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
7


*ia"ram 2
Eased on the h%man .arotpe in *ia"ram 1.
a. i. 9tate the total chromosome n%m&er in a h%man somatic cell.
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
ii. 9tate one di''erence and one similarit &etween the male .arotpe and
'emale .arotpe.
2ale .arotpe -emale .arotpe
9imilarit
*i''erence
&.i. H4 54 9 and ( represent the "ametes prod%ced d%rin" process :. Complete dia"ram
1 to show the n%m&er and tpe o' chromosomes inherited & "amete H4 5 and (.
ii. *escri&e the process :.
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
cJ Colo%r &lindness is a recessi#e trait which is inherited thro%"h the 7 chromosome.
1n a 'amil4 the mother is a carrier o' the trait while the 'ather has normal #ision.
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
8
iJ Complete the schematic dia"ram &elow to show how colo%r &lindness co%ld
occ%r in that 'amil.
*ia"ram 3

iiJ Eased on o%r answer in IcJ IiJ4 what percenta"e o' the o''sprin" wo%ld &e
colo%r &lind D
LLLLLLLLLLLLB.
dJ 1n another 'amil o' si) children4 the mother is a carrier o' the colo%r &lind allele
while the 'ather is normal. +one o' the "irls in the 'amil is a carrier and none o'
the &os inherited colo%r &lindness.
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL..
2. *ia"ram 2.1 shows the inheritance o' '%r colo%r in ra&&its.
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
9

*ia"ram 2.1
aJ 9tate the "enotpe and phenotpe o' ra&&it :.
Genotpe >LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
:henotpe >LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL. M 2 mar.sN
&J / represents the dominant allele 'or &lac. '%r while h represents the recessi#e allele
'or white '%r.
iJ E)plain wh / and h are called alleles. M 2 mar.s N
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
iiJ =hat happens to allele / and allele h d%rin" the 'ormation o' "ametesD
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL M 1 mar. N
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
10
cJ *ia"ram 2.2 shows a cross &etween o''sprin" 5 and o''sprin" 9. 5 is hetero0"o%s
'or '%r colo%r.

*ia"ram 2.2

iJ =hat are the possi&le "enotpes o' 9 D M 1 mar. N
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL..
iiJ E)plain the inheritance o' '%r colo%r & ra&&it G . M 2 mar.s N
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
dJ *ia"ram 2.3 shows o''sprin" 5 is crossed with o''sprin" A .


*ia"ram 2.3
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
11
&'estio (:
I&J , *+, molec%le consists o' two n%cleotide chains. Complete *ia"ram 4.2 to
show a *+,
molec%le.
:art o' one o' the n%cleotide chains has &een drawn.

Dia)ra* +,!
M3 mar.sN
11
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
12
IcJ 1n *ia"ram 4.34 ,4 E4 c4 d and E represent the "enes 'o%nd on a chromosome.
,'ter a certain treatment4 "ene , is 'o%nd missin".
Dia)ra* +,(
IiJ +ame the process that has ta.en place on the chromosome.
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
M1 mar.N
IiiJ +ame one 'actor that ca%ses the process in 4IcJIiJ.
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL...
M1 mar.N

aJ 1nheritance iJ ,lternati#e 'orms o' the
same "ene.
&J Characteristics iiJ Each #ariant 'or a
partic%lar characteristic
cJ(rait iiiJ, distincti#e inherited
'eat%re o' an or"anism
dJ,lleles i#J , &asic %nit o'
inheritance.
eJ Gene #J(ransmission o'
partic%lar characteristics
'rom "eneration to
"eneration
12
Checking your
understanding
Chec- yo'r
'.ersta.i)
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
13
Let/s Try the G'i.e. Essay 0e1ow 22,33
14 *ia"ram 4 shows a "enetic pedi"ree o' haemophilia in three "enerations.
*ia"ram 4

9tatement 1 > /aemophilia is a "enetic disease that co%ld &e inherited
and occ%rs within a speci'ic "ender.
9tatement 11 > 1nheritance o' haemophilia can &e pre#ented in a 'amil.

State o%r opinion and explain &oth statements mentioned 4 &ased on

*ia"ram 4. I 10 mar.sJ
13
Essay
Exploration
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
14
In order to complete the above essay, fill in the blanks with suitable
phrases.
/aemophilia occ%rs I1J LLLLLLL. in men I2J LLLLLLLLLto
I3JLLLLLLLLLL.. /aemophilia I4J LLLLLLLLLLL. thro%"h

the I5JLLLLLLLLLLLLL...

I6JLLLLLLLLLLLLLL. is 'o%nd in the I7JLLLLLLLLLLLLL..
and not in the I8JLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
/aemophilia "ene is a I9JLLLLLLLLLLLL. 2an has a
I10JLLLLLLLLLLL. than woman o' .I11J LLLLLLLLL..
haemophilia &eca%se man has I12JLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL.
/aemophilia can &e I13J LLLLLLLL...& trans'errin" or
I14JLLLLLLLLLLthe haemophiliac "ene at I15J
LLLLLLLLLLLLLL.. and replacin" it with a I16JLLLLLLLLL.
LLLLLLLL.& %sin" "enetic en"ineerin".
/aemophilia can &e pre#ented & I17J LLLLLLLLLLLLLL.. 'ree 'rom
haemophilia.
2J aJ , p%re &reedin" tall pea plant is crossed with a p%re &reedin" dwar' pea
plant. ,ll o' the o''sprin" prod%ced are tall.
*escri&e the a&o#e cross &ased on 2endelCs -irst @aw. I 3 mar.sJ
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
15
Co*p1ete the sche*atic .ia)ra* 0e1ow,
&J Genetic en"ineerin" is a techni$%e where& the "enetic content o' an
or"anism is manip%lated.
Eased on o%r .nowled"e o' "enetic en"ineerin"4 e)plain whether this techni$%e
9ho%ld &e de#eloped '%rther.
8o%r e)planations m%st incl%de e)amples o' the ad#anta"es and disad#anta"es
&ased on the concept o' "enetic en"ineerin".
I10 mar.s J
, *+, molec%le consists o' two n%cleotide chains. Complete *ia"ram 4.2 to show
a *+, molec%le.
:art o' one o' the n%cleotide chains has &een drawn.

Dia)ra* +,!
M3 mar.sN
IcJ 1n *ia"ram 4.34 ,4 E4 c4 d and E represent the "enes 'o%nd on a chromosome.
,'ter a certain treatment4 "ene , is 'o%nd missin".
:arent
Gametes
?''sprin"
(all *war'
5
15
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
16
Dia)ra* +,(
IiJ +ame the process that has ta.en place on the chromosome.
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
M1 mar.N
IiiJ +ame one 'actor that ca%ses the process in 4IcJIiJ.
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL...
M1 mar.N
16
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
17
Aswers 6or Chapter 5 7Iheritace4:
Activity 1:
1 2 3
4
5
6 7 8
9 10
11
12 13
14 15
16 17
18 19
20 21 22
23 24 25 26
27 28 29 30
31 32
33 34
35
36 37
38 39 40
41 42 43
44
45 46
47
48
49
50
5
/
E
9
A
9
1
+
/
E
5
1
(
,
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C
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1
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:
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Created with EclipseCrossword www.eclipsecrossword.com
17
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
18
Activity !:
+o
.
9tatements
#ALSE$ TR"E
1. /ereditar 'actors called "enes determine the characteristics
o' an or"anisms T
2. +%cleic acids are s%ita&le as hereditar material &eca%se
the cannot chan"e #
3 (he passin" o' "enetics instr%ctions 'rom "eneration to
"eneration is called inheritance T
4 ,n or"anism which has di''erent alleles o' a certain trait is
said to &e "eneticall homolo"o%s #
5 Genes are located on chromosomes T
6 Genes are made %p o' se#eral chromosomes #
7 Chromosomes are made o' *+,4 "enes are made o' 5+, #
8
Choose the (5AE statement.
,ll o' their sons will &e haemophiliacs.
,ll o' their da%"hters will &e normal.
(he pro&a&ilit o' "ettin" haemophiliac sons is 75B
,ll their children will &e normal
!!-!!!
!!(!!!
!!-!!!
!-!!!!
9 ,mon" rhes%s 'actor o' mother and 'irst &a& which will ca%se
pro&lem the second child who is 5h6positi#e when she is in
motherCs %ter%sD
Choose the (5AE statements
2other -irst Ea& (r%e F -alse
1 5h6ne"ati#e 5h6positi#e (
11 5h6positi#e 5h6positi#e -
111 5h6ne"ati#e 5h6ne"ati#e -
1G 5h6positi#e 5h6ne"ati#e -
10.
:ercenta"e (r%e F -alse
0B -
50B (
20B -
75B -
, woman who is a carrier 'or haemophilia marries a man
who is normal.
18
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
19
11.
9tatements (r%e F -alse
22K 8 (
22 K 78 -
44 K 8 -
44 K 7 -
Str'ct're. Respose:
1. aJ iJ 46
iiJ 2ale .arotpe has one pair o' homolo"o%s chromosomes which is
di''erent in
si0e4 that is 78
-emale .arotpe has all pair o' homolo"o%s chromosome o' the same
si0e.
&J iJ Gamete H > 22 K 7
Gamete 5 > 22 K 8
Gamete Q > 22 K 7
iiJ :rocess : is meiosis4 in which pairs o' homolo"o%s chromosomes are
separated into di''erent da%"hter cells.
cJ i J
:arent -ather 2other
Genotpe

Gametes
?''sprin"
:henotpe -emale -emale 2ale 2ale
+ormal +ormal +ormal colo%r &lind
19
7
E
8 7
E
7
&
7
E
8 7
E
7
&
7
E
7
E
7
E
7
&
7
E
8 7
E
8
7
E
7
&
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
20
IiiJ R ) 100B S 25B
IdJ (he 'emale who is the carrier o' the colo%r &lindness has a hetero0"o%s
"enotpe4 7
E
7
&
whereas the colo%r &lind male has a "enotpe 7
&
8.
1t is pro&a&l d%rin" the 'ertilisation &etween "ametes4 the "amete that carries
allele 7
&
has not &een 'ertili0ed &eca%se o' random 'ertili0ation.
(here'ore4 "enotpes 7
E
7
&
and 7
&
8 do not e)ist.
2. *ia"ram 2.1 shows the inheritance o' '%r colo%r in ra&&its.
aJ Genotpe > /h F /etero0"o%s
:henotpe > Elac. '%r

&J iJ ,&le to e)plain wh / and h are called alleles>
1. *i''erentFF ,lternati#e 'orm o' "ene F same "ene I 1 J
2. ?cc%p the same loc%s on a pair o' homolo"o%s chromosomesFF
3. Each allele is responsi&le 'or the e)pression o' the contrastin" trait
F&lac. '%rFwhite
iiJ ,lleles / and h F &oth alleles are separatedF se"re"ated
cJ i J /h or // FF /hFF //
iiJ 1. Gamete 'rom 5 carr allele / or h FF 5 has /h
FF Gamete 'rom 9 carr allele / onl

G recei#ed one dominant "ene
dJ 9chematic dia"ram to show the prod%ct o' dia"ram 2.3 >
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
21

Elac. '%r =hite '%r
,ll correct I 3 mar.sJ
iiiJ :ro&a&ilit > 50BF T 0.5

&'estio ( : 7 ( *ar-s4


cJ iJ Chromosomal m%tation U deletion
iiJ En#ironmental a"ents s%ch as radiation
Chec- yo'r '.ersta.i) : a I#J &JIiiiJ cJ IiiJ dJ IiJ eJ Ii#J
The aswers 6or )'i.e. essay:
I1J more4 I2J compared to4 I3J women4 I4J is inherited4 I5J se) chromosomeFse)
lin.ed "ene4 I6J haemophillic "ene4 I7J 7 chromosome4 I8J 8 chromosome4 I9J
ressesi#e allele4 I10J hi"her pro&a&ilit4I11J inherited I12J one 7 chromosome4 I13J
pre#ented & trans'errin"4 I14J remo#in"4 I15J "amete cell sta"e4 I16J normal "ene4
I17J choosin" a li'e partner.
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CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
22
2.&.
E1> Choosin" identi'in" and remo#in" "enes re$%ired to &e manip%lated
E2> %sin" microor"anisms F &acteria to increase the n%m&er o' manip%lated "enes
H1> ,&le to show the s.ill to e#al%ate & disc%ssin" sim%ltaneo%sl the ad#anta"es and
disad#anta"es o' "enetic en"ineerin" and "i#in" e)amples
H2> ,&le to "i#e e)planation as a whole and in se$%ence



cJ iJ Chromosomal m%tation U deletion

22
CHAPTER 13:
INHERITANCE
23
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