1) Scientists at the Los Alamos National Laboratory have succeeded for the first time in

mining heat from the Earths interior and producing energy on a commercial scale,
enough for efficient generation of electricity and heating factories and homes.
A. and producing energy on a commercial scale, enough for efficient generation of
electricity and heating
. and producing enough energy on a commercial scale for electricity to be generated
efficiently and to heat
!. for energy production on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity
efficiently and to heat
". to produce energy on a commercial scale, enough for generating electricity efficiently
and for heating
E. to produce enough energy on a commercial scale for efficient generation of electricity
and heat
#) A recent and popular self$help boo% &ryly notes that if adolescence &as not so painful,
it &ould have a droll comedic aspect, at least in retrospect.
A. &as not so painful, it
. &as not so painful, they
!. &ere not so painful, they
". &ere not so painful, it
E. &ere not so painful, being one
') (t is as difficult to prevent crimes against property as those that are against a person.
)A) those that are against a
)) those against a
)!) it is against a
)") preventing those against a
)E) it is to prevent those against a
*) +he administration has increased the number of fines for mining safety violations as
part of their campaign to protect miners.
a)has increased the number of fines for mining safety violations as part of their
b)have increased the number of fines for mining safety violations as part of their
c)has increased the number of fines for mining safety violations as part of its
d)has increased the amount of fines for mining safety violations as part of its
e)have increased the amount of fines for mining safety violations as part of their
,) -odern producers, &hen they need reliable sources of original e.uipments and
technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face increasingly difficult
choices of o&ning the producers of these items, a practice %no&n as bac%&ard integration
and buying from independent manufacturers
A. -odern producers, &hen they need reliable sources of original e.uipments and
technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face increasingly difficult
choices of o&ning the producers of these items, a practice %no&n as bac%&ard integration
and buying from independent manufacturers
. -odern producers, &ho need reliable sources of original e.uipments and
technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult
choice bet&een o&ning the producers of these items, a practice %no&n as bac%&ard
integration, and buying from independent manufacturers
!. -odern producers, &ho need reliable sources of original e.uipments and
technologically advanced components to operate profitably, face an increasingly difficult
choice to either o&n the producers of these items, and to buy from independent
manufacturers, a practice %no&n as bac%&ard integration
". Needing reliable sources of original e.uipment supplies, and technologically advanced
components to operate profitably, modern producers facing an increasingly difficult
choice of o&ning the producers of these items, and buying from independent
manufacturers, a practice %no&n as bac%&ard integration
E. -odern producers practice &hat is %no&n as bac%&ard integration, &hen they need
reliable sources of original e.uipment supplies and technologically advanced components
to operate profitably, and to face an increasing and difficult choice of o&ning bet&een the
producers of these items and buying from independent manufacturers
/) 0is studies of ice$polished roc%s in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of
present$day glaciers, led Louis Agassi1 in 12'3 to propose the concept of an age in &hich
great ice sheets had e4isted in no& currently temperate areas.
)A) in &hich great ice sheets had e4isted in no& currently temperate areas
)) in &hich great ice sheets e4isted in &hat are no& temperate areas
)!) &hen great ice sheets e4isted &here there &ere areas no& temperate
)") &hen great ice sheets had e4isted in current temperate areas
)E) &hen great ice sheets e4isted in areas no& that are temperate
3) 0is studies of ice$polished roc%s in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of
present$day glaciers, led Louis Agassi1 in 12'3 to propose the concept of an age in &hich
great ice sheets had e4isted in no& currently temperate areas.
)A) in &hich great ice sheets had e4isted in no& currently temperate areas
)) in &hich great ice sheets e4isted in &hat are no& temperate areas
)!) &hen great ice sheets e4isted &here there &ere areas no& temperate
)") &hen great ice sheets had e4isted in current temperate areas
)E) &hen great ice sheets e4isted in areas no& that are temperate
2) Among lo&er$paid &or%ers, union members are less li%ely than nonunion members to
be enrolled in lo&er$end insurance plans imposing stricter limits on medical services and
re.uiring doctors to see more patients, and spend less time &ith each.
)A) imposing stricter limits on medical services and re.uiring doctors to see more
patients, and spend
)) imposing stricter limits on medical services, re.uiring doctors to see more patients,
and spending
)!) that impose stricter limits on medical services, re.uire doctors to see more patients,
and spend
)") that impose stricter limits on medical services and re.uire doctors to see more
patients, spending
)E) that impose stricter limits on medical services, re.uiring doctors to see more patients
and spending
5) 6oung female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating
habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible.
)A) 6oung female ballet dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating
habits caused by the desire to be as thin as possible.
)) 7ood eating habits sometimes fail to be maintained by young female ballet dancers
and gymnasts caused by desiring to be as thin as possible.
)!) ecause they desire to be as thin as possible, good eating habits are sometimes not
maintained by young female ballet dancers and gymnasts.
)") ecause they desire to be as thin as possible, young female ballet dancers and
gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits.
)E) 6oung female dancers and gymnasts sometimes fail to maintain good eating habits
because they desire to be as thin as possible.
18) 0orticulturists, &ho are %no&n for gro&ing the 9uiciest tomatoes, fre.uently use a
method called cross$pollination, in part because certain features should be developed in
their tomatoes and partly because cross$pollination produces results more .uic%ly than
does natural selection.
)A) in part because certain features should be developed in their tomatoes
)) in part for the development of certain features in their tomatoes
)!) partly because of their tomatoes developing certain features
)") partly because certain features should be developed in their tomatoes
)E) partly to develop certain features in their tomatoes
11)
7alileo:s theory that ours &as indeed a solar system, in &hich Earth and other planets
revolve around the sun, reinforced those of !opernicus.
)A) ours &as indeed a solar system, in &hich Earth and other planets revolve around the
sun, reinforced those of !opernicus
)) ours &as indeed a solar system, in &hich Earth and other planets revolve around the
sun, reinforced that of !opernicus
)!) our solar system &as indeed solar for Earth and the other planets revolve around the
sun, reinforced !opernicus:
)") our system &as indeed solar, in &hich Earth and other planets revolved around the
sun, reinforced those of !opernicus
)E) Earth and the other planets revolve around the sun in our solar system reinforces that
of !opernicus
1#) ;etailers reported moderate gains in their November sales, as much because of their
sales of a year earlier being so bad as that shoppers &ere getting a head start on buying
their holiday gits.
1) of their sales of a year earlier being so bad as that
#) of their sales a year earlier having been as bad as because
') of their sales a year earlier being as bad as because
*) their sales a year earlier had been so bad as because
,) their sales of a year earlier &ere as bad as that
1') +he category 1 to , rating %no&n as the Saffir$Simpson 0urricane Scale provides an
estimate of a hurricanes potential of destroying or damaging property, and is primarily
determined from &ind speed< a category , storm has &ind speeds so high as to blo&
a&ay small buildings, completely destroy mobile homes, and cause severe &indo& and
door damage.
A. of destroying or damaging property, and is primarily determined from &ind speed< a
category , storm has &ind speeds so high as
. to destroy or damage property, and is primarily determined from &ind speed< a
category , storm has &ind speeds high enough
!. of destroying or damaging property, and is primarily determined by &ind speed< a
category , storm has &ind speeds so high as
". to destroy or damage property, and is primarily determined by &ind speed< a category
, storm has &ind speeds high enough
E. to destroy or damage property, and is primarily determined by &ind speed< a category
, storm has &ind speeds so high as
1*) ;esearchers agreed that the study of ne& treatments for heart attac% patients &as
e4tremely important but more research &as needed to determine that balloon angioplasty
preceded &ith ultrasound &as or &as not any better for heart attac% patients than the
balloon procedure by itself.
A. more research &as needed to determine that balloon angioplasty preceded &ith
ultrasound &as or &as not any better for heart attac% patients than
. more research &as needed for determining &hether or not balloon angioplasty
preceded by ultrasound is any better for heart attac% patients than is
!. that more research &as needed to determine &hether balloon angioplasty preceded
by ultrasound is any better for heart attac% patients than
". that more research &as needed to determine that balloon angioplasty preceded
&ith ultrasound &as any better for heart attac% patients than
E. that more research &as needed for determining that balloon angioplasty preceded
by ultrasound is or is not any better for heart attac% patients than is
1,) Scientists have recently discovered &hat could be the
largest and oldest living organism on Earth, a giant
fungus that is an inter&oven filigree of mushrooms and
rootli%e tentacles spa&ned by a single fertili1ed spore
some 18,888 years ago and e4tending for more than
'8 acres in the soil of a -ichigan forest.
)A) e4tending
)) e4tends
)!) e4tended
)") it e4tended
)E) is e4tending
1/) efore scientists learned ho& to ma%e a synthetic gro&th hormone, removing it
painsta%ingly in small amounts from the pituitary glands of human cadavers.
A. scientists learned ho& to ma%e a synthetic gro&th hormone, removing it painsta%ingly
. scientists had learned about ma%ing a synthetic gro&th hormone, they had to remove it
painsta%ingly
!. scientist learned ho& to synthesi1e the gro&th hormone, it had to be painsta%ingly
removed
". learning ho& to ma%e a synthetic gro&th hormone, scientists had to remove it
painsta%ingly
E. Learning ho& to synthesi1e the gro&th hormone, it have to be painsta%ingly removed
by scientists
13) +he ancient ;omans piped hot &ater through the &alls and under the floors so as to
warm up the rooms.
A. so as to &arm up the rooms
. and so &ould be able to &arm up the rooms
!. to &arm the rooms up
". so that they could &arm up the rooms
E. in order that they &ould &arm up the rooms
12) (t &as only after =atharine 7raham became publisher of +he >ashington ?ost in
15/' that it moved into the first ran% of American ne&spapers, and it &as under her
command that the paper &on high praise for its unrelenting reporting of the >atergate
scandal.
)A) (t &as only after =atharine 7raham became publisher of +he >ashington ?ost in
15/' that it moved into the first ran% of American ne&spapers, and it &as under her
command that the paper &on high praise for its unrelenting reporting of the >atergate
scandal.
)) (t &as only after =atharin 7raham:s becoming publisher of +he >asington ?ost in
15/' that it moved into the first ran% of American ne&spaper, and under her commandt it
had &on high praise
)!) =atharine 7raham became publisher of +he >ashington ?ost in 15/', and only after
that did it move into the first ran% of American ne&spapers, having &on high praise under
her command
)") -oving into the first ran% of American ne&spaper only after =atharine 7raham
became its publisher in 15/', +he >ashington ?ost, &inning high praise under her
command
)E) -oving into the first ran% of American ne&spapers only after =atharine 7raham:s
becoming its publisher in 15/', +he >ashington ?ost &on high praise under her
command.
15) +he defective thermometers &ill sometimes fail to register a fever &hen it is present
and indicate that there is one &hen it is not.
a fever &hen it is present and indicate that there is one
a fever &hen it is present and indicate that one is present
&hen a fever is present and indicate that there is one
&hen a fever is present and indicates its presence
the presence of a fever &hen it is there and indicates its presence
#8) Never before had the gardening cre& harvested so many carrots at once as it had in
the fall of #88/.
A. so many carrots at once as it had in
. at once as many carrots as
!. so many carrots at once as that it had gardened in
". as many carrots at once as it did in
E. so many carrots at once as it did in
#1) +he documentary film An (nconvenient +ruth has the distinction of being
0olly&oods first carbon$neutral film@ the filmma%ers hired energy consultants to
determine the movies Acarbon footprintB from production$related travel, clerical and
office e4penses, and &here the cast and cre& stayed on location and then offset the
emissions they produced &ith rene&able energy credits.
&here the cast and cre& stayed on location
the places &here the cast and cre& stayed on location
location accommodations for the cast and cre&
the cast and cre&s location accommodations
accommodating the cast and cre& on location
##) +he yield per acre of coffee berries varies enormously in that a single tree,
depending on both its si1e and on climate and altitude, could produce enough
berries to ma%e bet&een one and t&elve pounds of dried beans a year.
A. enormously in that a single tree, depending on both its si1e and on climate and
altitude, could produce
. enormously in that a single tree, dependent on its si1e and also on climate and
altitude, is able to produce
!. enormously, because a single tree, depending on its si1e and on climate and altitude, is
able to produce
". enormously, because a single tree, being dependent on its si1e, climate, and altitude, is
capable of producing
E. enormously, because a single tree, dependent both on its si1e as &ell as on climate
and altitude, could produce
#') "uring the last interglacial period, the climate on the Earth &as &armer
than it is today, and the conse.uent melting of the polar ice caps caused the sea
level to raise about /8 feet over and above &hat its height presently is no&.
A. sea level to raise about /8 feet over and above &hat its height presently is no&
. sea level to be raised over its height presently about /8 feet
!. sea level to rise about /8 feet above its present height
". level of the seas to rise over and above its present height about /8 feet
E. level of the seas to be raised over their height, no& about /8 feet
#*) Although the restaurant company has recently added many ne& restaurants across the
country and its sales have increased dramatically, its sales at restaurants open for more
than a year have declined.
A. the restaurant company has recently added many ne& restaurants across the country
and its sales have increased dramatically, its
. the restaurant company has recently added many ne& restaurants across the country
and its sales increased dramatically, its
!. many ne& restaurants have recently been opened across the country and its sales
increased dramatically, the restaurant companys
". having recently added many ne& restaurants across the country and &ith its sales
increasing dramatically, the restaurant companys
E. recently adding many ne& restaurants across the country and having its sales increase
dramatically, the restaurant companys
#,) ?ast assessments of the ra1ilian rain forest have used satellite images to tally
deforested areas, &here farmers and ranchers have clear$cut and burned all the trees, but
such &or% has not addressed either logging, &hich is the removal of only selected trees,
as &ell as surface fires, burning do&n individual trees but do not denude the forest.
A. &hich is the removal of only selected trees, as &ell as surface fires, burning
. &hich removes only selected trees, or surface fires that burn
!. &hich removes only selected trees, along &ith surface fires that burn
". removing only selected trees, or surface fires, burning
E. removing only selected trees, as &ell as surface fires that burn
#/) ecause there are provisions of the ne& maritime code that provide that even tiny
islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fie lds of large sea areas. they
have already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands.
)A) ecause there are provisions of the ne& maritime code that provide that even tiny
islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, they have
already stimulated
)) ecause the ne& maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for
claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea areas, it has already stimulated
)!) Even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of large sea
areas under provisions of the ne& maritime code, already stimulating
)") ecause even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fields of
large sea areas under provisions of the ne& maritime code, this has already stimulated
)E) ecause even tiny islets can be the basis for claims to the fisheries and oil fie lds of
large sea areas under provisions of the ne& maritime code, &hich is already stimulating
#3) (n Canuary 155* an oil barge ran aground off the coast of San Cuan, ?uerto ;ico,
lea%ing its cargo of 3,8888 gallons into the ocean, &hile causing the pollution of the
cityDEFs beaches.
A) lea%ing its cargo of 3,8888 gallons into the ocean, &hile causing the pollution of
) &ith its cargo of its cargo of 3,8888 gallons lea%ing into the ocean, and it polluted
!) and its cargo of its cargo of 3,8888 gallons lea%ed into the ocean, polluting
") &hile it lea%ed its cargo of 3,8888 gallons into the ocean and caused the pollution of
E) so that its cargo of 3,8888 gallons lea%ed into the ocean, and they &ere polluting
#2) According to a survey of graduating medical students conducted by the Association
of American -edical !olleges, minority graduates are nearly four times more li%ely than
are other graduates in planning to practice in socioeconomically deprived areas.
)A) minority graduates are nearly four times more li%ely than are other graduates in
planning to practice
)) minority graduates are nearly four times more li%ely than other graduates &ho plan
on practicing
)!) minority graduates are nearly four times as li%ely as other graduates to plan on
practicing
)") it is nearly four times more li%ely that minority graduates rather than other graduates
&ill plan to practice
)E) it is nearly four times as li%ely for minority graduates than other graduates to plan to
practice
#5) Archaeologists in Egypt have e4cavated a ,,888$year$old &ooden hull that is
the earliest surviving e4ample of e4ample of a AbuiltB boatGin other &ords, a
boat constructed out of plan%s fitted togetherGand that thus represents a ma9or
advance, in terms of boat$building technology, over the dugout logs and reed
vessels of more ancient vintage.
A. togetherGand that thus represents
. togetherGand this has represented
!. together, and it represents
". together that &as representing
E. together to represent
'8) 0eightened land erosion, caused by human activity, has many negative effects
including the follo&ing@ algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish
population, and the introduction of harmful chemicals to the ocean:s environment.
A) including the follo&ing@ algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish
population, and the introduction of harmful chemicals to the ocean:s environment.
) including@ algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish population, and
harmful chemicals entering the ocean:s environment.
!) including@ algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish population, and
the introduction of harmful chemicals to the ocean:s environment.
") including the follo&ing@ algae blooms, coral reef destruction, imbalance of the fish
population, and harmful chemicals entering the oceans environment.
E) including the follo&ing@ algae blooms, coral reef destruction, certain fish populations
rising, certain fish populations falling, and the introduction of harmful chemicals to the
oceans environment.
'1) "espite &hat &as hoped, the introduction of a si4ty$five mile per hour speed limit is
reducing neither congestion on rural high&ays, or it is not contributing to save gas for
truc%ing companies and less pollution from the decreased amount of time truc%s spend on
the road.
A) reducing neither congestion on rural high&ays, or it is not contributing to save gas for
truc%ing companies and less pollution
) reducing neither the congestion on rural high&ays nor is it contributing to lo&er gas
costs for truc%ing companies, or to less polluting
!) not reducing the congestion on rural high&ays nor is it contributing to save gas for
truc%ing companies, and it is not lessening the pollution
") not reducing the congestion on rural high&ays, it is not contributing to savings on gas
for truc%ing companies, it is less pollution
E) not reducing congestion on rural high&ays, nor is it contributing to lo&er gas costs for
truc% companies or less pollution
'#) eatri4 ?otter, in her boo% illustrations, carefully coordinating them &ith her
narratives, capitali1ed on her %een observation and love of the natural &orld.
)A) eatri4 ?otter, in her boo% illustrations, carefully coordinating them &ith her
narratives,
)) (n her boo% illustrations, carefully coordinating them &ith her narratives, eatri4
?otter
)!) (n her boo% illustrations, &hich she carefully coordinated &ith her narratives, eatri4
?otter
)") !arefully coordinated &ith her narratives, eatri4 ?otter, in her boo% illustrations
)E) eatri4 ?otter, in her boo% illustrations, carefully coordinated them &ith her
narratives and
'') Hninformed about students e4perience in urban classrooms, critics often condemn
schools performance as gauged by an inde4, such as standardi1ed test scores, that are
called ob9ective and can be .uantified and overloo% less measurable progress, such as that
in higher$level reasoning.
A)an inde4, such as standardi1ed test scores, that are called ob9ective and can be
.uantified and overloo% less measurable progress, such as that
)an inde4, such as standardi1ed test scores, that are called ob9ective and can be
.uantified and overloo% less measurable progress, such as &hat is made
!)an inde4, such as standardi1ed test scores, that is called ob9ective and can be .uantified
and overloo% less measurable progress, such as &hat is made
")a so$called ob9ective inde4, such as standardi1ed test scores, that can be .uantified and
overloo% less measurable progress, such as &hat is made
E)a so$called ob9ective inde4, such as standardi1ed test scores, that is .uantified and
overloo% less measurable progress, such as that
'*) Artificial intelligence emerged during the late 15,8s as an academic discipline based
on the assumption that computers are able to be programmed to thin% li%e people.
)A) are able to be programmed to thin% li%e people
)) &ere able to be programmed to thin% as people
)!) can be programmed to thin% as people can
)") could be programmed to thin% li%e people
)E) are capable of being programmed to thin% li%e people do
',) Last &ee% local shrimpers held a ne&s conference to ta%e some credit for the
resurgence of the rare =emp:s ridley turtle, saying that their compliance &ith la&s
re.uiring that turtle$e4cluder devices be on shrimp nets protect adult sea turtles.
A. re.uiring that turtle$e4cluder devices be on shrimp nets protect
. re.uiring turtle$e4cluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting
!. that re.uire turtle$e4cluder devices on shrimp nets protect
". to re.uire turtle$e4cluder devices on shrimp nets are protecting
E. to re.uire turtle$e4cluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting