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Introduction
What is a glider???
Glider is flying drones that have the ability to glide through the air for a certain period
of time.
Generally, the ratio between the wingspan and the fuselage is 1.618 which is the
golden ratio that we put on a glider.
A glider supposes to have either a wide wingspan or have a bigger scale on the width
of the wing. This is the property that a glider needs to have in order to obtain
maximum gliding capability.
A glider or sailplane is a type of glider aircraft used in the sport of gliding. They have
rigid wings and an undercarriage. Some gliders, known as motor gliders are also used
for gliding and soaring, but have engines which can be used for extending a flight and,
for some types, for take-off. Aircraft such as hang gliders and paragliders are foot-
launched, though their differences from sailplanes are covered below. Glider aircraft
that are used for purposes other than recreation, for example for military purposes, do
not soar.
Sports gliders benefit from creating the least drag for any given amount of lift, and
this is best achieved with long, thin wings and a fully faired narrow cockpit. Aircraft
with these features are able to climb efficiently in rising air and can glide long
distances at high speed with a minimum loss of height in between.


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HISTORY OF A GLIDER
The work with gliders in Germany by the Lilienthal brothers, Otto and Gustav (1849-1933),
was, arguably, the most important aerial effort prior to that of the Wright brothers, Wilbur
and Orville. Otto Lilienthal's numerous flights, over 2,000 in number, demonstrated beyond
question that unpowered human flight was possible, and that total control of an aerial device
while aloft was within reach.












Otto Lilienthal's
Portrait.
Lilienthal before takeoff with
small wing-flapping glider - ca.
1894.
Lilienthal before takeoff with
first glider, near the small
village of
Derwitz, outside of Potsdam,
Germany - 1891
Lilienthal after takeoff with
first glider - 1891
Lilienthal in flight - 1895
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Otto abilities as an engineer, mathematician placed him at the forefront of aerial
experimentation during the mid-1890's. Otto and his brother Gustav made numerous
measurements of lift and drag of various aerofoils during 1874, which they published
in 1889. Otto Lilienthal's aerial influence was widespread, and his work was well-
known within the U.S. Photographs and engravings depicting Lilienthal in flight were
printed in many magazines and journals, and the effect then of seeing a human aloft
with great arching wings can hardly be imagined. Even though his total time aloft was
rather limited, his 2,000 flights were seen as heralding the coming age of what was
then called "Manflight."
Otto Lilienthal's glider collapsed during a flight on August 9, 1896, and he suffered
severe injuries. His death, the following day at a hospital in Berlin, was considered a
distinct blow to progress in the aerial arts.
Sir George Cayley's gliders achieved brief wing-borne hops from around 1849. Otto
Lilienthal built (barely) controllable gliders in the 1890s using weight shift with
which he could ridge soar. The Wright Brothers achieved full control in the early
1900s using movable surfaces, to which they successfully added an engine.
After World War I gliders were built for sporting purposes in Germany (Rhn-
Rossitten Gesellschaft) and in the United States (Schweizer brothers). Germany's
strong links (continuing today) to gliding were to a large degree due to Post-WWI
regulations forbidding the construction and flight of motorised planes in Germany, so
the country's aircraft enthusiasts often turned to gliders and were actively encouraged
by the German government.

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SONIC SILHOUETTE
SONIC represent the Speed of Sound and SILHOUETTE represent dark shadow form
when aircraft fly beneath the sun.












We take the concept of a dihedral wing-shape. As we know that a glider can glide longer with
the wide area of their wing.







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PROTOTYPE
























Gulls Wing Type.
This is the first prototype. The Gulls Wing type
glider. It has the has the great hovering time but a
short distance.
The fuselage is too thin it makes the glider lost of
direction when there is turbulence.
Wide Ace
This is the second prototype. There is a major
adjustment to the fuselage it has a thin and wide
area fuselage. The horizontal stabilizer is fitted
together to the body,
The major fault in this prototype is weight. No
accuracy sometimes can glide sometimes cannot.
Need an assist of the windy wind.
Hydra
This is the third prototype of our glider. It has the
wing and a vertical stabilizer. But if u see it at a
different angle its shape like a trio-vertical
stabilizer.
It has minor defects such as it cannot glide
smoothly through the air because of the
equilibrium of the wing and vertical stabilizer.
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Idea Design
Materials
Tools
Build
Flight Test
Recorded
Test
Sonic Silhouette

PROCEDURE
Process flow of building our glider























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DESIGN
PART OF GLIDER DESCRIPTION
Fuselage Has smooth surface to prevent
air disturbance
Wing Have very high aspect ratios
To increase the efficiency of a
wing
They produce less drag for the
amount of lift they generate.
Have airfoil shape
Elevator
(horizontal stabilizer)
The best design horizontal
stabilizer to keep the glider fly
further.
Rudder
(vertical stabilizer)
Support the elevator
Provide good vertical stabilizer
to prevent from stall.








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Preparation
These are the item that required to build the Sonic Silhoutte:
Foamboard
Tape
Double Tape
Straw
Paper
Glue
Coins (for weight)
Sandpaper
Cutter knife
















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SONIC SILLHOUETTE SCALE

















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CONSTRUCTION
Wing
1. Firstly, you need to measure the foamboard based on the design by using a ruler and
mark the design shape on the foam.
2. After that, carefully cut the foam using a cutter by following the design pattern.
3. Then use the sand paper to smooth out the edges from the cutting.
4. Then, after both of the wings have finished cutting you need to use the tape as an
extra structure (frame) to make the wing structure stronger.
5. Next joint all the structure as shown in the design.











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Stabilizer Elevator and Rudder
1. Stabilizer need to be attached to the aft of the fuselage for better gliding.
2. Maximum cellephone tape are used to act as either a weight or fittings.
3. The final stage of the design and building is to attach coins to act as a centre of
gravity for the glider at its radome.
Centre Of Gravity
1. In order for the glider to archive the maximum stability during gliding.
2. You need to do a several testing on the C of G because it is depends on the design of
your glider. Based on this design you need to put the coins at the radome.











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THE LAUNCH
Despite that we have to launch in rainy day, our glider was perfect in gliding and has
a smooth movement during the gliding.
But it is slightly bank to the left due to wing dihedral angle inbalance or maybe
because the stabilizer not parallel with the wing.
We estimate our glider can achieve a 10 feet -20 feet glide distance and maybe even
more further .













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CONCLUSION
If we follow the ratio of the fuselage and the wing that is (1.618) possibility to hover
in the air will be high.
The hypothesis is bigger the wing span respective to the length of the fuselage the
longer the time taken for glider can glide.
Make sure that center of gravity (CG) located at right place based on design so that
the performance of the glider will maintain at maximum level.
Next time, we can use hot glue gun to attach the part of the glider to increase the
strength of the glider.
For making the glider, team work is the crucial part. If design was great but does not
have chemistry between the team member, surely it will not produce a good glider.