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I THE CALIBRATION OF MILITARY I
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CARTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS I
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Robert M. Spriggs

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W-PAFB, OHIO
 FIELD OFFICE

U. S . ARMY ENGINEER GEODESY, INTELLIGENCE

AND MAPPING R. & D. AGENCY

Technical Note 66-2

---------

THE CALIBRATION OF MILITARY

CARTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS

R o b e r t M. S p r i g g s

WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHIO

15 F e b r u a r y 1966

AFIC-WPAFB-MAR 66 500
 The f i l e s of t h e GIMRADA Field, Office contain c a l i b r a t i o n
c e r t i f i c a t e s f o r a l l m i l i t a r y cartographic cameras developed by
t h e U. S. A i r Force. I n t h i s r e p o r t , t h e author has e x t r a c t e d
p e r t i n e n t information from t h e s e c e r t i f i c a t e s and has presented
t h i s information i n a formwhich should be of a considerable value
t o personnel i n map and c h a r t production.

M r . Robert Spriggs, who authored t h e r e p o r t , and Mrs. J e r r i

Amos, who performed t h e typing, deserve much c r e d i t f o r t h e work
involved i n t h e e x t r a c t i o n of d a t a and i n t h e preparation of t h e
report.

This t e c h n i c a l note is one of a s e r i e s published i n t e r n a l l y

by GIMRADA F i e l d Office and disseminated t o support m i l i t a r y mapping
development by t h e Department of Defense.

ROBERT G. LIVINGSTON
Chief, GIMRADA F i e l d Office
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
4

Page

I. INTRODUCTION . .. . . ..
11. MAPPING CAMERA CHARACTERISTICS . .'. . . . . . . .
111. CAMERA CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS . .,.. . . . . . .
IV. CALIBRATED FOCAL LENGTH, EFFECTIVE FOCAL LENGTH ..
V. D I S T O R T I O N . s . m . m . . . . . m . . m . m m . .

VI. CAMERA CALIBRATION METHODS AND EQUIPMENT .....

VII. RESOLUTION . . . . .
VISI. CALIBRATION DATA FOR MAPPING CAMERAS .......
IX. BIBLIOGRAPHY .. . . ..
Xe A P P E N D I C E S m o m . o . . e m . m . . . m . . m . .

A. Type T-11 Camera D a t a .............

B. T y p e KC-1 C a m e r a D a t a . . . . . . . . . . . . .

C. T y p e T-12 C a m e r a D a t a . . . . . . . . . . . . .

D. T y p e KC-1B C a m e r a D a t a . . . . . . . . . . . .

E. T y p e CA-14 C a m e r a D a t a . . . . . . . . . . . .
 4

--
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Figure Subject Page

1. The Type KC-1 Mapping Camera ......... 2

2. KC-1 Camera with Film Magazine Removed . . . . 2

3. Field Camera Calibration Range at WPAFB . . . . 4

4. Multi-Collimator Bank Distortion Calibrator . . 5

5. Wild Type T-4 Goniometer ........... 7

iii
 4

THE CALIBRATION OF MILITARY CARTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS

Introduction:

The accuracy of p h o t o g r a m e t r i c mapping methods depends i n p a r t

on t h e q u a l i t y of t h e camera used. For t h i s reason photography i n -
tended f o r photogrammetric mapping must be taken w i t h a camera designed
f o r t h i s purpose.

11. Mapping Camera C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s :

The mapping camera must, (1) have a l e n s designed w i t h d e f i n i t e

d i s t o r t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s and, (2) be a r i g i d niechanical s t r u c t u r e
which holds t h e l e n s , f i d u c i a l marks and f o c a l plane i n a f i x e d o r i e n t -
a t i o n s o t h a t dimensional i n t e g r i t y w i l l be maintained. A t y p i c a l
mapping camera ( t h e Type KC-1) i s shown i n Figures 1 and 2 .

111. Camera C a l i b r a t i o n Requirements:

Cameras a r e c a l i b r a t e d t o determine t h e p r e c i s e v a l u e of t h e
c a l i b r a t e d f o c a l l e n g t h , t h e magnitude of t h e r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l
d i s t o r t i o n , t h e p o s i t i o n of t h e f i d u c i a l markers and o t h e r dimensions.
The manufacturer p u b l i s h e s c a l i b r a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e s f o r each camera.
Cazneras a r e r e c a l i b r a t e d and new c e r t i f i c a t e s i s s u e d whenever main-
tenance i s r e q u i r e d t h a t w i l l d i s t u r b t h e dimensional r e l a t i o n s h i p of
t h e l e n s , f i d u c i a l markers, f o c a l plane, e t c .

IV. Equivalent Focal Length, C a l i b r a t e d Focal Length:

The e q u i v a l e n t f o c a l l e n g t h (En) i s t h e d i s t a n c e from t h e r e a r

node t o t h e f o c a l plane. It i s computed by measuring t h e s c a l e of
t h e image produced by t h e l e n s a t o r near t h e a x i s .

The c a l i b r a t e d f o c a l l e n g t h (CFL) is t h e numerical v a l u e used

t o determine t h e s c a l e of t h e photograph. It i s computed from t h e EFL
t o o b t a i n minimum d i s t o r t i o n o r t o match t h e l e n s d i s t o r t i o n t o a
predetermined curve. An i n c r e a s e i n t h e v a l u e of t h e CFL w i l l make
t h e d i s t o r t i o n more n e g a t i v e . For a d i s t o r t i o n - f r e e l e n s t h e CFL i s
equal t o t h e EFL.
 Fig. 1 The Type KC-1 Mapping Camera

Fig. 2 KC-I. Camera with Film Magazine Removed

V. Distortion:

D i s t o r t i o n i n a l e n s r e s u l t s i n a change i n s c a l e over t h e
p i c t u r e area. D i s t o r t i o n g e n e r a l l y i s expressed i n polar c o o r d i n a t e s
as r a d i a l or tangential distortion.

A. Radial d i s t o r t i o n ; o f t e n r e f e r r e d t o a s l l d i s t o r t i o n , l l i s
made up of two components, symmetrical and asymmetrical. Symmetrical
d i s t o r t i o n i s a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h e l e n s design; i t s e f f e c t can
be minimized by c o r r e c t o r p l a t e s when t h e negatives a r e p r i n t e d nr
by using cams on t h e s t e r e o p l o t t e r . Asymmetrical d i s t o r t i o n ( o f t e n
c l a s s i f i e d a s prism e f f e c t ) i s a property of l e n s manufacture induced
by t h e decentering of one o r more of t h e l e n s elements, by i r r e g u l a r -
i t i e s i n t h e s u r f a c e s of t h e l e n s elements, and by t i p p i n g of t h e
f o c a l plane w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e l e n s a x i s .

B. Tangential d i s t o r t i o n is a f u n c t i o n of 'lens manufacture and

i s caused by t h e prism e f f e c t . The a x i s of maximum t a n g e n t i a l d i s -
t o r t i o n u s u a l l y w i l l be 90° from t h e a x i s of maximum asymmetrical
radial distortion.

VI. Camera C a l i b r a t i o n Methods and Equipment:

Cameras a r e c a l i b r a t e d by e i t h e r of two methods - photographic

or visual.

A. The photographic method i s t h e most d e s i r e d and can be ac-

complished on a f i e l d range o r by use of a m u l t i c o l l i m a t o r bank.

1. The F i e l d Range D i s t o r t i o n C a l i b r a t o r (See f i g u r e 3)

i s c o n s t r u c t e d by s e t t i n g up t a r g e t s i n t h e o b j e c t space i n a plane
perpendicular t o t h e o p t i c a l a x i s of t h e l e n s . The t a r g e t s a r e placed
a t s e l e c t e d angles a c r o s s t h e e n t i r e f i e l d of t h e l e n s and t h e angles
a r e determined w i t h i n 2 seconds of a r c . The camera i s mounted w i t h
t h e f r o n t nodal p o i n t placed over t h e v e r t e x of t h e range w i t h t h e
c e n t e r t a r g e t on t h e a x i s of t h e l e n s .

2. The Multi-Collimator Bank D i s t o r t i o n C a l i b r a t o r (See

figure 4 ) is similar i n principle t o t h e f i e l d range except t h a t
c o l l i n a t o r s a r e used t o image t h e t a r g e t s a t i n f i n i t y . The c o l l i -
mators can be positioned t o image t h e t a r g e t s of both diagonals on
one exposure.

3. Exposures a r e made on t e s t p l a t e s w i t h t h e image of

t h e t a r g e t s a l i g n e d w i t h each diagonal of t h e camera format. The
t e s t p l a t e is processed and t h e d i s t a n c e between t h e a x i a l t a r g e t
Fig. 3 Field Camera Calibration Range at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
 Fig. 4 Multi-Collimator Bank D i s t o r t i o n C a l i b r a t o r (Perkin-Elmer)

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image and t h e t a r g e t image a t each angle i s measured w i t h a comparator.
Radial d i s t o r t i o n i s t h e d i f f e r e n c e between t h e computed d i s t a n c e and
t h e measured d i s t a n c e t o each t a r g e t image. The p o i n t of symmetry i s
determined by making t h e d i s t o r t i o n t o t h e l e f t i n d r i g h t of t h e a x i s
symnetrical. The c a l i b r a t e d f o c a l length i s computed and t h e d i s t o r t i o n
i s a d j u s t e d t o t h e c a l i b r a t e d f o c a l length.
4

4. The t a n g e n t i a l d i s t o r t i o n i s measured f o r each diagonal

on t h e t e s t p l a t e .

B. Visual methods may lead t o d i s t o r t i o n s which a r e d i f f e r e n t

i n magnitude than t h e d i s t o r t i o n s recorded photographically because
of l a t e r a l chromatic a b e r r a t i o n i n t h e camera lens. The proper l i g h t
source and/or f i l t e r s should be s e l e c t e d s o t h a t t h e s p e c t r a l s e n s i t -
i v i t y of t h e eye is matched t o t h a t of photographic films.

1. Goniometer method: An a c c u r a t e l y c a l i b r a t e d t e s t o b j e c t
on g l a s s is placed i n t h e f o c a l plane and illuminated i n a d i r e c t i o n
toward t h e lens. The camera i s s e t on t h e goniometer (See Figure 5)
s o t h a t t h e a x i s about which t h e angles a r e measured passes through
t h e c e n t e r of t h e e n t r a n c e p u p i l of t h e lens. The t e l e s c o p e of t h e
goniometer is pointed a t successive p o i n t s on t h e t e s t o b j e c t and t h e
f i e l d angles determined. From t h e f o c a l l e n g t h of t h e l e n s being
t e s t e d and t h e c a l i b r a t i o n of t h e t e s t o b j e c t , t h e angles subtended
by t h e v a r i o u s p o i n t s on t h e t e s t o b j e c t can be computed. The d i s -
t o r t i o n i s computed from t h e d i f f e r e n c e i n angles on t h e o b j e c t s i d e
and image s i d e of t h e l e n s and converted t o t h e s t a n d a r d form.

C. Some work has been done an s t e l l a r c a l i b r a t i o n of b a l l i s t i c

cameras. The s t a r f i e l d i s photographed on a g l a s s p l a t e i n t h e
f o c a l plane of t h e camera. The p o s i t i o n of each s t a r i s measured
i n x-y c o o r d i n a t e s . The t r u e l o c a t i o n of t h e s t a r s a r e obtained
from s t a r t a b l e s . The r a d i a l and t a n g e n t i a l d i s t o r t i o n a t each s t a r
image is determined. The c a l i b r a t e d f o c a l length is computed. It
has been suggested t h a t t h e s t e l l a r method of camera c a l i b r a t i o n be
adopted f o r a i r c r a f t mapping cameras.

VII. Resolution:

The r e s o l v i n g power of a camera l e n s i s i t s a b i l i t y t o image

c l o s e l y spaced o b j e c t s s o t h a t they a r e recognizable a s i n d i v i d u a l
o b j e c t s . The r e s o l v i n g power, c a l l e d r e s o l u t i o n , i s measured by
photographing a t e s t t a r g e t made up of groups of p a r a l l e l s t r a i g h t
l i n e s and spaces of equal width; i t is expressed i n l i n e s per m i l l i -
meter. Radial r e s o l u t i o n is measured w i t h t h e l i n e s p a r a l l e l t o t h e
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r a d i u s drawn from t h e c e n t e r of t h e format and t a n g e n t i a l r e s o l u t i o n
i s measured w i t h t h e l i n e s perpendicular t o t h e r a d i u s . A s i n g l e
average v a l u e f o r r e s o l u t i o n i s determined a s t h e area-weighted
average r e s o l u t i o n (AWAR) by d i v i d i n g t h e format i n t o c o n c e n t r i c
annular zones. The a r e a of each zone l y i n g w i t h i n t h e format i s
used i n determining t h e weighting r a t i o . The square r o o t of t h e pro-
duct of t h e r a d i a l and t a r g e n t i a l r e s o l u t i o n is computed f o r each +
zone and m u l t i p l i e d by t h e zone r a t i o t o o b t a i n t h e zone-weighted
r e s o l u t i o n . The AWAR i s t h e sum of t h e zone-weighted r e s o l u t i o n s .

VIII. C a l i b r a t i o n Data:

The c a l i b r a t i o n d a t a f o r t h e mapping cameras, l i s t e d i n t h e

appendices, was e x t r a c t e d from t h e camera c a l i b r a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e s
i s s u e d by t h e manufacturer. Some of t h e cameras have been overhauled
and r e c a l i b r a t e d and t h e d a t a from each c a l i b r a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e i s
listed.

The probable e r r o r s of t h e c a l i b r a t e d f o c a l l e n g t h s a r e :

T-11 0.100 mm

CA- 14 0.100 mm

The probable e r r o r s of t h e d i s t o r t i o n s a r e :

CA- 14 0.020 mm
 1. "A History of Military Mapping Camera Development," Robert G.
Livingston, Photogrammetric Engineerinq, ~01'.XXX, No. 1, 1964.
2. "A Simplified Method of Locating the Point of Symmetry," F. E.
Washer, NBS Report 4273,:August, 1955.

3. "American Mapping Cameras," Mrs. Clarice L. Norton, Fairchild

Camera & Instrument Corp., Paper delivered at the X Congress,
International Society of Photogrametry, Lisbon, Portugal,
September, 1964.

4. "Calibration of Precision Airplane Mapping Camera," F. E. Washer

& F. A. Case, J. Research NBS 45, 1 (1950) RP 2108, -Photogrammetric
Engineering, Vol. XVI, No. 4, September, 1950.

5. "Calibration of Surveying Cameras," Brig. M. Hotine, Royal

Engineers, London, 1929.

6. "Calibration of Survey Cameras an6 Lens Testing," D. E. MacDonald,

XVII, 363 (June 51), Photogrammetric Engineering.

7. "Correlation of Data from Various Methods of Aerial Camera Cali-

bration," Robert M. Spriggs, Paper delivered to X Congress, Inter-
national Society of Photogrametry, Lisbon, Portugal, September,
1964.

8. "Decentred Lens Systems," Prof. A. E. Conrady, Great Britain, 1919.

9. "Differences Between Visual and Photographic Calibration of Air

Survey Cameras," P. D. Carman & H. Brown, Vol. XXII, 623 (Sept. 56)
Photo~rammetricEngineering.

10. "Distortion, Principal Point, Point of Symmetry & Calibrated

Principal Point," R. Roelofs, 11 (1950-1951), Photogramnetria.

11. "Effect of Camera ~ i ~ ~ i

onnLocation
g of the Principal Point ,I1
.?I E. Washer, J. Research, NBS 57 (1956), RP2691,
12. "Errors in Ground Positions Caused by Irregularities in the
Locating Backs of Aerial Cameras," Eldon D. Sewell & Robert G.
Livingston, Report 1137, Engineer Research & Development Labor-
atories, August 12, 1949. -
 . .

'.
,a,,.:
in.
rr:;
:$
"..
doc,,
.il. 13. "Evaluation of D i s t o r t i o n by t h e I n v e r s e Nodal S l i d e , " F. E.
:;
;
Washer, NBS Report 4690, May, 1956.

14. "Field Camera c a l i b r a t i o n , " E. L. M e r r i t t , v L ~ .X I V , 303 (June,

1948), Photogrammetric Engineering.

15. "Field C a l i b r a t i o n of A e r i a l Mapping Cameras," Eldon D. Sewelt,

P h o t o v r a m e t r i c Engineering, Vol. I V Y No. 3, September, 1948.

16. " F i e l d R e s o l u t i o n T e s t s w i t h t h e Metrogon Lens," Eldon D. Sewell

& Robert G. L i v i n g s t o n , Report 1176, Engineer Research & Develop-
ment L a b o r a t o r i e s , August 4 , 1950.

17. "High Performance Mapping Equipment and M a t e r i a l s , " L. W. Crouch,

Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. XXVII, No. 1, March, 1961.

18. "Improving A e r i a l Mapping Photography," Eldon D. Sewell, Photo-

g r a m e t r i c Engineerinq, Vol. XVIII, No. 3 , June, 1952.

19. " I n t e r p r e t a t i o n and Use of Lens T e s t s and Camera Calibration,'!

I. C. Gardner; 111, 13 (March, 1937), Photogrammetric Engineering.

20. " I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r C a l i b r a t i n g A e r i a l Mapping Cameras on t h e F i e l d

Range a t WPAFB," Robert M. S p r i g g s , CMSgt., USAF and Robert G.
L i v i n g s t o n , Lt. Col., CE, USAR, Wright A i r Development Div.
T e c h n i c a l Note 60-267, November, 1960.

2 1. "Locating t h e P r i n c i p a l P o i n t of P r e c i s i o n A i r p l a n e Mapping
Cameras," F. E . Washer, J. Research NBS 27, 405 (1941) RP1428.

22. "Manual of Photogranwetry," American S o c i e t y of Photograrmnetry,

George Banta P u b l i s h i n g Co., 1966.

23. "Methods of F i e l d Camera C a l i b r a t i o n , " E. L. M e r r i t , Vol. X V I I ,

610 (Sept. 51) & Vol. XVIII, 655 (Sept. 52), Photosrammetric
Engineer inq.
;.*
. ., :
box- 24. "Photogrammetric E r r o r s from Camera Lens Decentering," P. D.
,$$
Carman, 39, 951 (Dec., 1949), J o u r n a l of t h e O p t i c a l S o c i e t y of
j!!,:,)
.',,-.
:. America .
,>
,
25. "Procedures f o r C a l i b r a t i n g A e r i a l Mapping Cameras w i t h t h e Perkin-
Elmer D i s t o r t i o n C a l i b r a t o r , " Robert G. L i v i n g s t o n , Lt. Col., CE,
USAR, and CMSgt Robert M. S p r i g g s , USAF, Wright A i r Development Div.
T e c h n i c a l Note 60-255, November, \1960.

26. "Production ~ o n & o l of F a c t o r s A f f e c t i n g t h e C a l i b r a t i o n of a

P h o t o g r a m e t r i c Camera," Mrs. C l a r i c e L. Norton, Photogranwetric
Engineering, Vol. XX, No. 3 , June, 1954.
27. "Resolution, Distortion and Calibration of Air Survey Equipment,"
L. E. Howlett, Vol. X V I , 41 (Mar SO), Photogrammetric Engineering.

28. "Sources of Errors in Various Methods of Airplane Camera Cali-

bration," F. E. Washer, NBS Report 2534, June 1953, Vol. XXII,
727 (Sept 56) Photogrammetric Engineering.

29. "Star Exposure Method of Camera Calibration," Report No. 131-50,

Photographic Interpretation Center, Department of the Navy.

30. "The Aerial Camera," Clyde E. Berndsen and Robert G. Livingston,

GIMRADA Field Office, Technice? Note 64-1, April, 1964.

31. "The Calibration of Air Cameras in Canada,'' RH Field, Vol, XII,

142 (June 46), Photogrammetric Engineering.

32. "The Fairchild Precision Camera Calibrator ," 'C. L. ort ton; Vol.
XVI, 688 (Dec 50), Photogranmetric Engineering.

33. "The Significance of the Calibrated Focal Length," I. C. Gardner,

Vol. X, 22 (March, 1944), Photogrammetric Engineering.

34. "Tangential Distortion and Its Effect on Photogrammetric Extension

of Control," John Pennington, Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol.
XIII, No. 1, March, 1947.

35. "Tangential Distortion in the Metrogon Lens," Robert G. Livingston,

Report 1219, Engineer Research & Development Laboratories, 5 Nov 51.

36. "Variation in Distortion with Magnification," A. A. Magill, 45,

148 (March, 1955), Journal of the Optical Society of America.

37. "Decentering Distortion and the Definitive Calibration of Metric

Cameras," Duane C. Brown, Presented to the 29th Annual Meeting of
the American Society of Photogrammetry, 29 Mar -
2 April, Washington,
D .C

38. "Instructions for Calibrating Aerial Mapping Lenses with the Wild
T-4 Goniometer," Robert M. Spriggs, CMSgt , USAF,& Robert G. Living-
ston, Lt Col., CE, USAR, Wright Air Development Div. Technical Note
60-268, November, 1960.
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52-071
- -- ----- ----- - -
52-072
-- .-- - -- -- -- - -
52-073
52-074
- -
52-075

- --
- - ..-- -
52-077

+.06 +>o +.I2 +.08 -.I2 --

52-080
-- --
52-081
52-082

-To9 -.I1

Ai-Wld NIL U 'a

~.F;.RA -r--
T-11 CAMERA (CONT'D)
1- pmx FCEL
f

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ - ~
1-11 CAMERA (CONT'D)
T-11 CAMERA (COW'D) a
 T-11 CAMERA (CONT'D)

54-2131

54-215

54-2171 - -

AS-WP S JUL U %E
""I
T-11 CAMERA (CONT'D)
T- I 1 CAMERA (COW 'D)
-- TENS&- I 12gq x-{-gATF
- .
+'- --j 50°TT50 - 1 --
12 Y5T
3i
f Sb"-
-- -~
1cptii
~ --- % T ' ~ 5 ~ " 1 ' - z 0 6 6-- 6 -6 ~ ~ f ~ 4 ~ - [ - - r
-
T-11 CAMERA (COK'D)
T - l l CAMERA (CONT'D)

54-442

54-447

54-450

8
T-11 CAMERA ICONT'D)
T-11 CANERA (CONT'D)
 T-11 CAMERA ( ~ o m ~ ~ )
--- --
1C G ~ T - -
LENS
O X L&

DF7327
DF7273

- --

- - -

DF5181

54-618

--
RF5611

U-WI-cNL U
 y-1-1-CAMERA (COW'D)
1e
1
. '1 -- 4: -1
BNSL - - 'TANG
~ls2-l
- G-
---T -
1-I 7. 50-
KC-1 CILlRA (1) CaliUration Certificate Obsolete - New Certificate 18sued. (2) Recalibration Certificate - Previous Certificate Obsolete.
KC-1 CAMERA (CONT'D) -
 - -- A -

3-099
C 5
53-100 [

3-106
- 1-
I

: - .- - - __
AFWI-CJUL M ZOO
I F - W T 8 JVL U
 K C - 1 CMRA
~ (1) Certificate Bbsolete
- --
- New Certificate Issued (2) Recalibratidn Certificate - Previous Cert. Obsolete (3) No Platen Calibration Certrficate

-
59-004
. -
- --
152.563 .OM

- -

59-010
59-011

59-013

59-015

59-020
-
59-021

55-026

59-028
KC-1B CAMERA (CONT'D)
- - -. .-
TANG
- -CFL
--- Dm, - AWAR.-
-- -
151.228
152.311
--- -
151.019
--- --
151.489
---
-- -
151.237
--
37.5 o q x + 7 42:50

- --
-+lool Foo7
-+.OOT +X09 +.(Tb5-
- -.. -
. -

-.002 -.002 -.008

"it
+.OM
+.009 +.007
+;-or07+.008

+.OM

-- -
CA-14 CAMERA
. I MAR IDA= 7.5' 15'
--
22.5O
-
27.5'
-- --
1 30°
-- - -A - -- --
I i 2 m 3 7 F / k T - q
CA- 14 CAMERA (CONT ' D)
THE CALIBRATION OF MILITARY
CARTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS

TECHNICAL NOTE 66-2

ADDENDUM NUMBER 1

Robert M. Spriggs . -

W-PAFB ,OHIO
 FIELD OFFICE

U. S. ARMY ENGINEER GEODESY, 3ibllTLLXGENCE

AND MAPPING R. & D. AGENCY

TECHNICAL NOTE 66-2

ADDENDUM NUMBER 1

TRE CALIBRATION OF MILITARY CARTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS

by

ROBERT M. SPRIGGS

WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, OHfO

3 January 1967
 ADDENDUM NUMBER 1
TO
4 ,a

OF MILITARY CARTOGRAPHIC CAMFRAS"

''THE CALIE?2AW'ri~R
TECHNICPA NOT& 6 5 = 2
L

1. A.dditiona1 c a l i b r a t i o n c e r t i f i c a t e s f o r cartographic cameras i n

t h e USAF inventory have been received by t h e GIMRADA F i e l d Office. Soate
of these cameras were developed f o r research purposes; therefore,
Appendtx G i s added t o include cameras which a r e not made in production
q u a n t i t i e s . Many of these cameras were developed by modifying KC-1
cameras.

2. The KC-6A camera is des igned and produced s p e c i f i c a l l y f o r t h e

USQ-28 mapping and geodetic subsystems. Two cameras a r e i n s t a l l e d i n
each system. The cameras have many f e a t u r e s t h a t were not found i n
previous mapping cameras i n t h e A i r Force inventory:

a. Platen reseau, 25 p o i n t s

b. Image motion compensation

c. V e r t i c a l i t y readout
I n e r t i a l R-eference Unit
r- -
referenced t o the,_-Hiper-*
--
11

?. Synchronous operation of two cameras

e . ~ u t a m aitc Exposure Control

Present plans a r e f o r t h e pc~xchaeecf 10 ea. KC-6A c a m e r a sr--, -----

a n G 4 ea. KC-6A
magazines, ':he-camera was designed f o.r- t h e USQ-28 system i n t h e RC-135A
a i r c r a f t and Lj.a not r e a d i l y ;adaptable t o other photographic systems.

3. Changes and additons t o Appendices:

a. Appendix A:

Place (1) i n f r o n t of T-11 cameras with s e r i a l numbers 51-211

and 51-212. Add t h e attached data.

+ b. Appendix B:

Add t h e attached data.

c. Appendix D:

Additional information on t h e KC-1B camerac is attached. The

/
maximum asymmetry
-- -
between O0 and 425O may be added-- i n t b e unused c ~ l ~ n n n
 to the right of the page. The maximum radial distortion i n the format
of each camera is included for your information.
_...
I; 7.

d. Appendices F and G are new additions t o the report.

.'I

R. M. Spriggs
 - -

TECHNICAL NOTE 66-2 ADDENDUM T-11 ClWZRA APPENDIX "A"

*;.:
APPENDIX "B" .
,y
f ::
:?x.
A>'.
..
:.
-
-
CAMERA -
DATE
9/25/61 Deleted from Inventory - Modified t o
KC-3 camera.

8/3/61 Deleted from Inventory - Modified t o

KC-3 camera.

3/27/63 Deleted from Inventory - Modified t o

KC-& 63-1001 ;
 Maximum- , Maximum
Asymnetg~ m Distortion mn

..,,..
, ,
,I*

T.,
,..$
,*_I

*i.

;. L
<T.!.

. .
 Maximum Max h u m
2.
I.)
.ti:
-
KC- 1B Asymnetry unn Distortion mu .

'".g:
,!'43,
!?!
Maximum Maximum
-
Asymnetry am Distortion arm
Maximum Maximum
Asynnnetrc Distortion m

.012
.009
.012
4 .010
.014
.015
.009
.011
.007
.009
.011
.014
.012
.013
.011
.010
.013
.Okl
.013
.009
.014
.010
.011
.014
.010
 ._
___. ^ _ .___i______..L./ - , - *----- ^.-
I-=-
.--:-
-.---.---.Ai. =la---- *-.."-"------=- -...... --i>.--=...i.
... .-._- _I__,_____.__.,_l_ _ _
,___ .-..-.-

I
^ "-_^^_____
I
-&-.&-.-. "

DISTOlt'IION 6 RESOLUTION C f ~ A C T E R I S T I C S0b' CARTOGRAPHIC Cf'JEMS IN TIIE K C - ~ ~ ~ A / U S Q - ~ S

NAPPING SYSTEI.1

,-- -- ,,, ,, >.---*,

-
,,;= , , ,
,,
,,
--
. , . , 1
, * --- ,-
1-a-r-*--,-=7-
,!.
- .,- .* -,.-.*.>
-
+--*
I I
C
KC-GA Camera
S e r i a-----
l Kuml>er- (
---- 7-------
I
Geocon IV
~ e n sNO.
' "
, A
Filter
N u m b e----I---
ULnr'-%
r /
Flax Tanoer L i 1 L

~ i-s-t o r t '--
d
ion
Radial
Distortion
- .---

64--00s
.. - --.. . --- T.< i...>;ll-c'- --

64 -009 body)
--
-(; sp;11-c
64- 010 body)
-p---.--..--..