Tutorial problems No 3: Single DOF system excited vibrations

1. A machine of mass 500 kg is supported on spring mounts which

deflect 3 mm under its weight. It is found that the amplitude of free
vertical vibrations is halved for each two successive cycles. When
the machine is operating there is a vertical harmonic force due to
imbalance whose magnitude varies as the square of its frequency.
The resulting amplitude of forced vibration is 2.25 mm at 10 Hz.

a) Determine the magnitude of the imbalance force at 20 Hz,
which corresponds to the maximum machine speed;

b) Determine the greatest amplitude of vibration which may
be experienced by the machine when running up to speed

(Answer: 4.7kN; 2.71 mm).

2. An engine of mass 1250 kg is supported on rubber mounts of
stiffness 1.23 MN/m. A dashpot is fitted and, when tested without
the engine running reduced the amplitude of vibrations to one-fifth
of the initial value in three complete oscillations. With the engine
running at 450 rev/min the unbalance force is 2.4 kN. Find the
damping ratio and hence the amplitude of the resulting forced
vibration (Answer: 0.127; 1.49 mm).

3. A mass of 1 kg is supported on an elastic structure of stiffness 244
N/m. The mass is acted upon by a simple harmonic disturbing
force of magnitude 13cos10t (N) where t is the time in seconds.
The system is subject to viscous damping and at a velocity of 1
m/s the damping force is 6N. Determine the amplitude of the
resulting forced vibrations and the phase angle between the
disturbing force and the resulting motion (Answer: 83.3mm; 22.6
deg).

4. A piece of rotating machinery of mass 500 kg is mounted on
flexible supports, causing these supports to deflect by 6mm. The
supports exert damping which is equal to 15% of critical and is
proportional to the velocity of the motion. With the machine running
at 500 rev/min an amplitude of vibration of 5 mm is observed.
Calculate the maximum value of the disturbing force operating
within the machinery (Answer: 3.19 kN).

5. A machine of mass 550 kg is flexibly supported on rubber
mountings which provide a force proportional to displacement of
210 kN/m, together with a viscous damping force. The machine
gives an exciting force of the form where R is a
constant. At very high rotational speeds the measured amplitude of
vibration is 0.25mm, and the maximum amplitude recorded as the
speed is slowly increased from zero is 2mm. Determine the value
of R and the damping ratio (Answer: 0.138 kgm; 0.0626).

6. Anti-vibration mounts are used to attach an instrument of mass 2
kg to a panel. The panel is vibrating with an amplitude of 0.5 mm
at a frequency of 50 Hz. Show that the maximum stiffness of the
mounts for them to have any useful effect in reducing the vibration
of the instrument is about 100 kN/m. If the mounts used have an
effective stiffness of 20 kN/m and also provide viscous damping
with a damping coefficient of 80 Ns/m calculate the maximum
acceleration to which the instrument is exposed (Answer: 8.8
m/s2).

7. A two wheeled trailer is fitted with springs which deflect 70 mm
under the weight of the sprung mass of 400 kg. Dampers fitted
between the trailer body and the axle provide damping which is 0.6
critical. The trailer is pulled along an undulating road at a speed of
50 km/h. The road surface may be regarded as approximately
sinusoidal, the total variation in level being 30 mm and the
distance between successive crests 7 m. Assuming that the
wheels do not leave the ground, and neglecting the flexibility of the
tyres, determine the total variation in the spring force (Answer:
1.55kN).

8. A motor-driven reciprocating pump is mounted on a rigid frame
and the total mass found to be 295 kg. The frame rests on an
elastic packing which is required to limit the force transmitted to
the ground to +-4 N at 750 rev/min. Assume negligible damping
and find the stiffness of the packing given that the maximum value
of the unbalance force is 355 N at 750 rev/min. Hence, determine
t R cos
2
the amplitude of the resultant vibrations of the pump and frame
(Answer: 204.5 kN/m; 0.22 mm).