RAIN HARVESTING

Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Rainwater Harvesting
What is rainwater harvesting?

There are two classes of rainwater harvesting systems:

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Systems which collect roof runoff for household use.Systems which use in field or
adjoining catchment to provide supplemental irrigation for agriculture.

Why harvest rainwater?

It's a shame to let runoff go to waste when it can be used indoors and/or for
irrigation. The benefits of rainwater harvesting can include:
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• Relief of strain on other water supply

• Ability to build or farm in areas with no other water supply

• Cleaner water

• Increased independence and water security

• Lower water supply cost

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• Reduced flood flows

• Reduced topsoil loss

• Improved plant growth

• Greater sensitivity to and connection with natural cycles

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Rainwater harvesting at
different place
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

View of a Johad at village Thathawata

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
stepwell at Fatehpur, Shekhawati. This one featured in the movie Paheli
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Schematic showing how rainwater can be obtained from hillsides

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Rainwater harvesting is the gathering, or accumulating and storing, of rainwater.
Rainwater harvesting has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock,
water for irrigation or to refill aquifers in a process called groundwater recharge.
Rainwater collected from the roofs of houses, tents and local institutions, or from
specially prepared areas of ground, can make an important contribution to drinking
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
water. In some cases, rainwater may be the only available, or economical, water
source. Rainwater systems are simple to construct from inexpensive local
materials, and are potentially successful in most habitable locations. Roof
rainwater is usually of good quality and does not require treatment before
consumption. Household rainfall catchment systems are appropriate in areas with
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
an average rainfall greater than 200mm per year, and no other accessible water
sources (Skinner and Cotton, 1992).

There are a number of types of systems to harvest rainwater ranging from very
simple to the complex industrial systems. Generally, rainwater is either harvested
from the ground or from a roof. The rate at which water can be collected from
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
either system is dependent on the plan area of the system, its efficiency, and the
intensity of rainfall.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Ground catchment systems

Ground catchments systems channel water from a prepared catchment area into
storage. Generally they are only considered in areas where rainwater is very scarce
and other sources of water are not available. They are more suited to small
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
communities than individual families. If properly designed, ground catchments can
collect large quantities of rainwater.

Roof catchment systems

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

A domestic rooftop rainwater harvesting system

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

The regular set-up of a pressurized rooftop rainwater harvester

Roof catchment systems channel rainwater that falls onto a roof into storage via a
system of gutters and pipes. The first flush of rainwater after a dry season should
be allowed to run to waste as it will be contaminated with dust, bird droppings etc.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Roof gutters should have sufficient incline to avoid standing water. They must be
strong enough, and large enough to carry peak flows. Storage tanks should be
covered to prevent mosquito breeding and to reduce evaporation losses,
contamination and algal growth. Rainwater harvesting systems require regular
maintenance and cleaning to keep the system hygienic and in good working order.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Subsurface dyke
A subsurface dyke is built in an aquifer to obstruct the natural flow of
groundwater, thereby raising the groundwater level and increasing the amount of
water stored in the aquifer.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
The subsurface dyke at Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kannur under Kerala Agricultural
University with the support of ICAR, has become an effective method for ground
water conservation by means of rain water harvesting technologies. The sub-
surface dyke has demonstrated that it is a feasible method for conserving and
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
exploiting the groundwater resources of the Kerala state of India. The dyke is now
the largest rainwater harvesting system in that region.

Groundwater recharge
Rainwater may also be used for groundwater recharge, where the runoff on the
ground is collected and allowed to be absorbed, adding to the groundwater. In the
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
US, rooftop rainwater is collected and stored in sump. In India this includes
Bawdis and johads, or ponds which collect the run-off from small streams in wide
area.

In India, reservoirs called tankas were used to store water; typically they were
shallow with mud walls. Ancient tankas still exist in some places.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Advantages in urban areas
Rainwater harvesting in urban areas can have manifold reasons. Some of the
reasons rainwater harvesting can be adopted in cities are to provide supplemental
water for the city's requirements, to increase soil moisture levels for urban
greenery, to increase the ground water table through artificial recharge, to mitigate
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
urban flooding and to improve the quality of groundwater. In urban areas of the
developed world, at a household level, harvested rainwater can be used for
flushing toilets and washing laundry. Indeed in hard water areas it is superior to
mains water for this. It can also be used for showering or bathing. It may require
treatment prior to use for drinking
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
In New Zealand, many houses away from the larger towns and cities routinely rely
on rainwater collected from roofs as the only source of water for all household
activities. This is almost inevitably the case for many holiday homes.

Quality
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
As rainwater may be contaminated, it is often not considered suitable for drinking
without treatment. However, there are many examples of rainwater being used for
all purposes — including drinking — following suitable treatment.

Rainwater harvested from roofs can contain animal and bird faeces, mosses and
lichens, windblown dust, particulates from urban pollution, pesticides, and
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
inorganic ions from the sea (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Cl, SO ), and dissolved gases (CO2,
4

NOx, SOx). High levels of pesticide have been found in rainwater in Europe with
the highest concentrations occurring in the first rain immediately after a dry spell;
the concentration of these and other contaminants are reduced significantly by
diverting the initial flow of water to waste as described above. The water may
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
need to be analysed properly, and used in a way appropriate to its safety. In the
Gansu province for example, harvested rainwater is boiled in parabolic solar
cookers before being used for drinking. In Brazil alum and chlorine is added to
disinfect water before consumption. So-called "appropriate technology" methods,
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
such as solar water disinfection, provide low-cost disinfection options for
treatment of stored rainwater for drinking.

System sizing
It is important that the system is sized to meet the water demand throughout the
dry season. Generally speaking, the size of the storage tank should be big enough
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
to meet the daily water requirement throughout the dry season. In addition, the size
of the catchment area or roof should be large enough to fill the tank.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Need of Rain Water Harvesting

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

The principle of collecting and using precipitation from a catchments surface.

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
An old technology is gaining popularity in a new way. Rain water
harvesting is enjoying a renaissance of sorts in the world, but it traces
its history to biblical times. Extensive rain water harvesting apparatus
existed 4000 years ago in the Palestine and Greece. In ancient Rome,
residences were built with individual cisterns and paved courtyards
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
to capture rain water to augment water from city's aqueducts. As
early as the third millennium BC, farming communities in
Baluchistan and Kutch impounded rain water and used it for
irrigation dams.

ARTIFICAL RECHARGE TO GROUND WATER:

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Artificial recharge to ground water is a process by which the ground water
reservoir is augmented at a rate exceeding that obtaining under natural conditions
or replenishment. Any man-made scheme or facility that adds water to an aquifer
may be considered to be an artificial recharge system.

WHY RAIN WATER HARVESTING :

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Rain water harvesting is essential because :-

Surface water is inadequate to meet our demand and we have to

depend on ground water.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rain water into the sub-soil
has decreased drastically and recharging of ground water has
diminished.

As you read this guide, seriously consider conserving water by

harvesting and managing this natural resource by artificially
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
recharging the system. The examples covering several dozen
installations successfully operating in India constructed and
maintained by CGWB, provide an excellent snapshot of current
systems.

RAIN WATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES :

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
There are two main techniques of rain water harvestings.

Storage of rainwater on surface for future use.

Recharge to ground water.

The storage of rain water on surface is a traditional techniques and

structures used were underground tanks, ponds, check dams, weirs
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
etc. Recharge to ground water is a new concept of rain water
harvesting and the structures generally used are :-

Pits :- Recharge pits are constructed for recharging the

shallow aquifer. These are constructed 1 to 2 m, wide
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
and to 3 m. deep which are back filled with boulders,
gravels, coarse sand.

Trenches:- These are constructed when the permeable

stram is available at shallow depth. Trench may be 0.5
to 1 m. wide, 1 to 1.5m. deep and 10 to 20 m. long
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
depending up availability of water. These are back filled
with filter. materials.

Dug wells:- Existing dug wells may be utilised as

recharge structure and water should pass through filter
media before putting into dug well.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Hand pumps :- The existing hand pumps may be used
for recharging the shallow/deep aquifers, if the
availability of water is limited. Water should pass
through filter media before diverting it into hand pumps.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Recharge wells :- Recharge wells of 100 to 300 mm.
diameter are generally constructed for recharging the
deeper aquifers and water is passed through filter media
to avoid choking of recharge wells.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Recharge Shafts :- For recharging the shallow aquifer
which are located below clayey surface, recharge shafts
of 0.5 to 3 m. diameter and 10 to 15 m. deep are
constructed and back filled with boulders, gravels &
coarse sand.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Lateral shafts with bore wells :- For recharging the
upper as well as deeper aquifers lateral shafts of 1.5 to 2
m. wide & 10 to 30 m. long depending upon availability
of water with one or two bore wells are constructed. The
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
lateral shafts is back filled with boulders, gravels &
coarse sand.

Spreading techniques :- When permeable strata starts

from top then this technique is used. Spread the water in
streams/Nalas by making check dams, nala bunds,
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
cement plugs, gabion structures or a percolation pond
may be constructed.

DIVERSION OF RUN OFF INTO EXISTING SURFACE

WATER BODIES
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Construction activity in and around the city is resulting in the drying
up of water bodies and reclamation of these tanks for conversion into
plots for houses.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Free flow of storm run off into these tanks and water bodies must be
ensured. The storm run off may be diverted into the nearest tanks or
depression, which will create additional recharge.

Urbanisation effects on Groundwater Hydrology :

Increase in water demand
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
More dependence on ground water use

Over exploitation of ground water

Increase in run-off, decline in well yields and fall in

water levels

Reduction in open soil surface area

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Reduction in infiltration and deterioration in water
quality

Methods of artificial recharge in urban areas :

Water spreading

Recharge through pits, trenches, wells, shafts

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Rooftop collection of rainwater

Roadtop collection of rainwater

Induced recharge from surface water bodies.

Computation of artificial recharge from Roof top

rainwater collection :
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Factors taken for computation :

Roof top area 100 sq.m. for individual house and 500
sq.m. for multi-storied building.

Average annual monsoon rainfall - 780 mm.

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Effective annual rainfall contributing to recharge 70% -
550 mm.

Individual Multistoried
Houses building
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Roof top area 100 sq. m. 500 sq. m.

Total quantity available 55 cu. m 275 cu. m.

forrecharge per annum

Water available for 5 100 days 500 days

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
member Family

Benefits of Artificial Recharge in Urban Areas :

Improvement in infiltration and reduction in run-off.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Improvement in groundwater levels and yields.
Reduces strain on Special Village Panchayats/ Municipal /
Municipal Corporation water supply
Improvement in groundwater quality
Estimated quantity of additional recharge from 100 sq. m. roof top
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
area is 55.000 liters.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
HARVESTING RAINWATER
HARNESSING LIFE :
A NOBLE GOAL - A COMMON RESPONSIBILITY
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Ground water exploitation is inevitable is Urban areas. But the
groundwater potential is getting reduced due to urbanisation resulting
in over exploitation. Hence, a strategy to implement the groundwater
recharge, in a major way need to be launched with concerted efforts
by various Governmental and Non-Governmental Agencies and
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Public at large to build up the water table and make the groundwater
resource, a reliable and sustainable source for supplementing water
supply needs of the urban dwellers.

Recharge of groundwater through storm run off and roof top water
collection, diversion and collection of run off into dry tanks, play
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
grounds, parks and other vacant places are to be implemented by
Special Village Panchayats/ Municipalities /Municipal Corporations
and other Government Establishments with special efforts.

The Special Village Panchayats /Municipalities/Municipal

Corporations will help the citizens and builders to adopt suitable
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
recharge method in one's own house or building through
demonstration and offering subsidies for materials and incentives, if
possible.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
ATTRIBUTES OF GROUNDWATER:
There is more ground water than surface water
Ground water is less expensive and economic resource.
Ground water is sustainable and reliable source of water supply.
Ground water is relatively less vulnerable to pollution
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Ground water is usually of high bacteriological purity.
Ground water is free of pathogenic organisms.
Ground water needs little treatment before use.
Ground water has no turbidity and colour.
Ground water has distinct health advantage as art alternative for
lower sanitary quality surface water.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Ground water is usually universally available.
Ground water resource can be instantly developed and used.
There is no conveyance losses in ground water based supplies.
Ground water has low vulnerability to drought.
Ground water is key to life in arid and semi-arid regions.
Ground water is source of dry weather flow in rivers and streams.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Harvesting system
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes

• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From Where To Harvest Rain:

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Rooftops: If buildings with
impervious roofs are already in
place, the catchment area is
effectively available free of
charge and they provide a supply at the point of consumption.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks, stormwater
drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be effectively used to
harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as collecting surface is
that water can be collected from a larger area. This is particularly advantageous in
areas of low rainfall.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds
to store rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can
not only be used to meet water requirements of the city, it
also recharges groundwater aquifers.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper network of
stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and cost effective
means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern and
the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also plays an
important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
For example, Delhi, Rajasthan and Gujarat where the total annual rainfall
occurs during 3 or 4 months, are examples of places where groundwater recharge
is usually practiced. In places like Kerala, Mizoram, Tamil Nadu and Bangalore
where rain falls throughout the year barring a few dry periods, one can depend on
a small sized tank for storing rainwater, since the period between two spells of rain
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
is short. Wherever sub-strata is impermeable recharging will not be feasible.
Hence, it would be ideal to opt for storage.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For
Urban Areas
In places where the groundwater is saline or not of potable standards, the
alternate system could be that of storing rainwater.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Beyond generalisations, it is the requirement that governs the choice of water
harvesting technique. For example, in Ahemadabad, which has limited number of
rainy days as that of Delhi, traditional rainwater harvesting tanks, known as
tankas, are used to store rainwater even today in residential areas, temples and
hotels.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)
Source: A water harvesting
manual
for urban areas

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Rainwater Harvesting
and Purification System

In January 1996 we
installed a rainwater
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
catchment system to capture Oregon's abundant rainfall. Portland receives between
3 and 4 feet of rainfall annually. During a gentle rain a typical Oregon downspout
sheds several gallons per minute. Our twelve hundred square foot roof captures on
average 3600 cubic feet (27,000 gallons) of water per year.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
In 1998 we received approval from the city of Portland to use this water for all
household use. This system, which cost less than $1,500, consists of the following
components:
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• A 1500 gallon plastic cistern, approximate cost: $500. Purchased from
Northwest Irrigation, Tangent, Oregon, 541-928-0114. Contact local
agriculture/farm stores for best prices.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• A 1/2 horsepower shallow-well pump to pressurize the water to between 20
and 30 psi (pressure is adjustable), approximate cost: $250. I utilized a
Jaccuzzi brand pump.

• Plastic (outdoor PVC and indoor CPVC) piping to connect to the household
cold water system.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• Two particulate filters in series, rated at 20 and 5 micron particle size,
approximate cost: $20 each; replaceable filter cartridges cost $3-5 each.

• An ultraviolet light sterilizer capable of sterilizing water at 10 gallons per

minute. This appliance was recently approved for use in Oregon. I used the
PURA (1-800-292-PURA, Valencia, California) model UV20-1, cost
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
approximately $350. Uses about 40 watts. Fluorescent ultraviolet light rated
at 9600 hours, about one year of continuous use. Replacement cost of
fluorescent tube: about $80.

• Screen covering the cistern to prevent entry of mosquitoes and to catch any
large particles that make it past the gutter screening.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• A roof-washer which wastes the first 7.5 gallons of captured water which
has "washed" the roof. Once the roof washer has filled, the rest of the water
flows to the cistern. See below for details.

• A 20 gallon water butyl rubber diaphragm pressure storage tank,

approximate cost: $150.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
• A reduced pressure backflow prevention device. This was required by the
city to prevent flow of rainwater into the public system. Cost: $120. This
would not be necessary if we used rainwater exclusively. However, Oregon
has very dry summers and our cistern is exhausted by July. We currently
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
depend on city water during the summer. The city requires annual
inspection of these devices, costing about $30. (See photo below.)

• A (optional) water meter to measure rainwater output, approximate cost:

$45.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Maintenance consists of keeping gutters and cistern screen clean. Filters and ultra-
violet lamp will need periodic replacement. The tank is thoroughly cleaned
annually in the summer when it empties. Backflow prevention device requires
annual inspection. Public health authorities recommend periodic testing of water
for fecal coliform bacteria, as for any private water system. Several recent tests
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
showed none. The inside components of our system, pictured here, take up about 6
square feet of floor space.

At the current time we continue to use the public water supply only for
summertime water and occasional drinking and cooking. In fact, during the rainy
season, which lasts from about September to June, our only connection to the
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
public utility is one faucet at the kitchen sink which uses less than one gallon per
day, which got us into hot water with the city water bureau.

In my research on rainwater catchment systems the best single reference I have

come across for detailed design guidelines is the Texas Water Development
Board's Texas Guide to Rainwater Harvesting.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Roofwashers. A simple prototype is shown in the TG. It consists of a length of
pipe for storage of the initial flush of water with a trickle valve (hose bib just
slightly opened) and clean out valve at the bottom. Only when the this pipe fills is
water then allowed to continue into the cistern. It's very simple, no moving parts.
The only thing I would change is to have a narrow section or trap configuration at
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
the top to reduce mixing of the flush water with the still arriving (clean) water. Yet
another method to aid this is to add a lightweight (like styrofoam) ball that would
seal the intake when the roof washer fills. This simple design is very inexpensive,
easy to drain or clean manually, and works very well. The TG suggests one gallon
of washer capacity for each 100 square feet of roof. So make your roof washer
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
pipe length long enough. For our model we used 20 feet of 3" ABS. We made it in
the shape of a giant U to get this length. Remember, volume equals length times
area. Area equals pi times radius squared (in our case 3 inches internal diameter,
or .25 foot) and one cubic foot equals 7.5 gallons. To avoid long lengths of
roofwasher pipe, it makes sense to use larger diameters. Portland's chief residential
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
plumbing inspector commented that our use of ABS didn't conform to code as
plastic may eventually decay in sunlight. Therefore, you should use copper, iron,
or other sunlight-resistant materials to be completely correct.

Rainbarrels. A rainwater harvesting system can be as simple as a barrel

connected to a downspout. Check the Rainbarrel Tutorial for tips on how to put
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
together a system for as little as $15-20. One of our neighbors has connected his
rainbarrel to his basement washing machine and gets virtually all his laundry water
from this super-soft source for a miniscule investment.

One notable advantage of rainwater is its softness. Rainfall in the Portland area
contains about 5 mg/liter of dissolved minerals. Compare this with some hard
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
groundwater which exceeds 500 mg/liter. Portland city water, which has an
exceptionally pure source, is rated at 18 mg/liter.

According to two officials in Alaska and Hawaii with whom I have

communicated, there is a long established tradition of rainwater collection in some
parts of their states. According to Sourcebook Harvested Rainwater, in some areas
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
of the Caribbean, new houses are required to have rainwater capture systems.
Hawaii apparently is currently developing (or has already developed) guidelines.
In Oregon, there is no regulation of water quality for individual residences -- this
is left up to the homeowner. The only regulations I have come across relating to
rainwater harvesting are from Ohio, whose Department of Health Administrative
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Code regulates private water systems. Note, in particular, Rules 3701-28-09
Continuous disinfection and 3701-28-13 Construction and surface design of
cisterns, hauled water storage tanks, and roof washers.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Two other great resources for rainwater harvesting information are Warwick
(Coventry, United Kingdom) University's Development Technology Unit
Roofwater Harvesting Programme and the roofwater harvesting listserve archives.

Update Summer 2002 -- A different style of roof washer. This summer we

installed a commercially available roof washer that uses a programmable valve to
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
divert a rain's first flow away from the cistern. A purported advantage is the
absence of standing water that can stagnate and potentially contaminate the cistern
water. (This could happen, for example, if the trickle valve on the conventional
device were to clog or it were left closed.) Below are two photos of the system
with this new device. The first photo shows the roof washer mounted on a window
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
frame near the cistern. Rainwater, which enters from the two downspouts above,
can be observed from inside the dwelling. The first flush is diverted downwards
into a holding barrel. An overflow hose from the top of the cistern also empties
into this barrel. Post-flush water enters the cistern via the roof washer's side port
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
through a screened cistern entry hole. The barrel overflow is directed to a swale in
the middle of our back yard.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

Update January 2004 -- An American-made roof washer and rainwater

sculpture. I never was able to get the SafeRain roof washer to function properly in
Oregon's often drizzly weather. Either the roof washer diversion valve would not
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
properly close, thus diverting all the rainwater into the overflow, or it would not
open after the rainfall event ended, retaining dirty water in the device. I attempted
numerous times to adjust it, all to no avail. Unfortunately, for this reason, I can not
recommend this device. The last straw came during recent freezing weather when
the device froze with water in it, rendering it non-functional. Therefore, recently, I
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
installed a newer style of first-flush device. This device is considerably less
expensive (approximately $66 versus $140 at currency exchange rates 22 Jan
2004, including shipping) for North Americans, since it is locally made and uses
standard pipe fittings. The first-flush valve kit consists of a hollow ball (see
middle two photos below) which, when filled by the initial flow of water, seats
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
itself onto a rubber gasket. This closes the overflow pipe and subsequent rainwater
is then diverted to the cistern. After the rain stops the ball empties and the
diversion valve returns to the open position. I will post a review of how well this
device performs at the end of this rainy season. At this time it already seems to be
functioning properly.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.

At the same time I installed this roof washer I also installed a more elabora
e piping configuration (see photo, above, left) leading from the downspouts to t
e cistern that is intended to act as a water sculpture. Viewable from our dining ro
m window, it will display ten areas of flowing water, depending on the time in a
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
rainwater event and the rainwater flow. During a typical Oregon drizzle, only the
left most vertical pipe (see photo, above right) carries water. During a downpour
all three pipes will be filled to capacity and additional flow will emerge from the
2" elbow.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
Update January 2005 -- final roof washer review. Unfortunately, this second
roof washer employs the same mechanism as the earlier, Australian, model to reset
itself after a storm event. Both devices use a small, hollow, plastic ball that fills
with water when rain begins. While the ball fills, the initial dirty rainwater is
wasted. When the ball is full, it lowers over a drain hole, causing the remaining
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
clean rainwater to be diverted into the cistern. The problem with both these
devices is that their ball depends on a tiny pin-hole to empty their water when the
rain stops. However, it is all too easy for this hole to become obstructed with small
particles of sand or other debris common in a gutter. The ball then does not drain
properly and the device does not reset itself. Thus, both devices required close
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.
monitoring and frequent manual cleaning in our system. I regret to say that I
cannot recommend either one. My recommendation at this time is to employ a
homemade Texas style standpipe roof washer. Its simplicity allows it to be
constructed and maintained inexpensively.
 RAIN HARVESTING
Harvesting System
Broadly rainwater can be harvested for two purposes
• Storing rainwater for ready use in containers above or below ground
• Charged into the soil for withdrawal later (groundwater recharging)

Source: A Water Harvesting Manual For Urban Areas

From where to harvest rain

Rainwater harvesting can be harvested from the following surfaces

Rooftops: If buildings with impervious roofs are already in place, the

catchment area is effectively available free of charge and they provide a supply
at the point of consumption.
Paved and unpaved areas i.e., landscapes, open fields, parks,
stormwater drains, roads and pavements and other open areas can be
effectively used to harvest the runoff. The main advantage in using ground as
collecting surface is that water can be collected from a larger area. This is
particularly advantageous in areas of low rainfall.

Waterbodies: The potential of lakes, tanks and ponds to store

rainwater is immense. The harvested rainwater can not only be used to meet
water requirements of the city, it also recharges groundwater aquifers.
Stormwater drains: Most of the residential colonies have proper
network of stormwater drains. If maintained neatly, these offer a simple and
cost effective means for harvesting rainwater.

Whether to store rainwater or use it for recharge:

The decision whether to store or recharge water depends on the rainfall pattern
and the potential to do so, in a particular region. The sub-surface geology also
plays an important role in making this decision.