IN THE NAME OF ALLAH

22
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH,
THE MOST
THE MOST BENEFICENT THE MOST BENEFICENT,
MERCIFUL

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Steel Structu
Thi d Y
Steel Structu
Thi d Y Third Year
Dr. Ali Moham
Third Year
Dr. Ali Moham Dr. Ali Moham Dr. Ali Moham
11//1 1//15 15

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res Design
Fi t T
res Design
Fi t T First Term
ed Ali Basha
First Term
ed Ali Basha ed Ali Basha ed Ali Basha
Lecture
Lecture Date Topic
1 15-10 Introduction to S
2 22-10 Layout and Brac
3 29-10 Building Load, D
4 05-11 Tension Member
5 12-11 Compression Me
6 19-11 Compression M
7 26-11 First Mid Term
8 03-12 Bolted Connectio
9 10-12 Bolted Connectio
10 17-12 Welded Connecti
11 24-12 Beam Purlins
12 31-12 Final Project
es Plan
Notes
Structural Steel Design
ing System
Design Philosophies,
rs Design
embers Design part I
embers Design part II
ons part I
ons part II
ions
Evalu
I t ti
Evalu
Interaction
Assignm Assignm
Attend
Mid te
Quiz at
Project F
Fi l Final term ex
uation
d i l t
uation
during lectures
ments (submissions dates evaluation) ments (submissions dates, evaluation)
dees of training sessions
erm exam
t any time (without notifications)
Formal discussion

xam
Objectiveof Objective of
By then end of this course you s
1 Developing a general layout for 1. Developing a general layout for
2. Design of all structural element
according to ECP
3. Detailing all structural elements 3. Detailing all structural elements
f thiscourse f this course
should be capable of
r any industrial building r any industrial building
ts composing the industrial building
s in a complete conceptual. s in a complete conceptual.
Lectur Lectur reNo1 re No 1
Objectiveof Objective of
By then end of this lecture you s
1 Identifying different types of ste 1. Identifying different types of ste
2. Thinking for the best structural
3. Identifying the mechanical prop
4. Identifying merits and demerits 4. Identifying merits and demerits
5. Identifying different types of stru
f thislecture f this lecture
should be capable of
eel structures eel structures.
system for any building.
perties of steel.
of steel as structural material. of steel as structural material.
uctural steel shapes.
Steel Str Steel Str
Steel structures are widely us
1. Bridges (Railway bridges or
2 Hi h i b ildi 2. High rise buildings
3. Sporting and commercial ha p g
4. Industrial buildings
ructures ructures
sed structures in building of
roadway bridges)
lls
Mechanical Pro Mechanical Proopertiesof Steel operties of Steel
Mechanical Pro
The stress strain curve of the
mild steel fromstandard tension mild steel from standard tension
test and its characteristic as
following;
The figure notes the four
typical ranges of behavior; the
elastic range the plastic range elastic range, the plastic range
(during which the material flows
at near constant stress), the at near constant stress), the
strain hardening range, and the
range of strain at and beyond the
ultimate stress during which
necking occurs in a tensile bar,
this range terminating in this range terminating in
fracture.
operties of Steel p
necking
Mechanical Pro
Characteristic of the stress
straincurveof themildsteel; strain curve of the mild steel;
1. Modulus of elasticity (E); is
the ratio of stress to
longitudinal strain in the
elasticzone elastic zone.
2. Poisson ratio (); is the ratio
betweenthetransversestrain between the transverse strain
to longitudinal strain.
3. Shear modulus (G); is the
ratio between the shear stress
to the shear strain.
operties of Steel p
Mechanical Pro
Characteristic of the stress
straincurveof themildsteel; strain curve of the mild steel;
4. Tensile strength (F
u
); is the
ratio between the maximum
axial load on the specimen to
thecrosssectional area the cross sectional area.
5. Yield stress (F
y
); the yield
stress is defined as a stress is defined as a
specified point on the curve
established by constructing a
(0.2%) offset of strain
parallel to the initial elastic
portion of thecurveis taken portion of the curve is taken
as the yield stress.
operties of Steel p
Mechanical Pro
Characteristic of the stress
straincurveof themildsteel; strain curve of the mild steel;
6. Fatigue strength; is the stress
at which the steel fails under
repeated applications of
load load.
7. Impact strength; is the ability
of steel to absorb energy at o stee to abso b e egy at
high rates of loading.
operties of Steel p
Material properties o p p
According to ECP.
of steel used in design g
Advantages of Steel a g as Structural Material
Advantagesof Steel a
Hi h St
Advantages of Steel a
High Streng
Light we
sections
High D
Faster
Cost of
Steel is a
Ability Of ch Ability Of ch
asStructural Material
th U if it
as Structural Material
gth Uniformity
eight and optimization in cross
Ductile Material.
r Construction
Shuttering is zero
recyclable material
hanging And Adding To Sections

hanging And Adding To Sections
Di d t f St Disadvantagesof Steel St t l M t i l el as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
C i
Disadvantagesof Steel
Corrosion
Fireproo
Buckli
Fatigue Fatigue
B i l F Brittle Fract
asStructural Material as Structural Material
ofing Costs
ng

ture
Disadvantagesof Steel
Corrosion
M l ibl Most steels are susceptible to
corrosion when freely exposed
to air and water and therefore to air and water, and therefore
must be painted periodically;
the use of weathering steels, g ,
however, in suitable
applications tends to eliminate
thi t this cost.
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Corrosion
M l ibl Most steels are susceptible to
corrosion when freely exposed
to air and water and therefore to air and water, and therefore
must be painted periodically;
the use of weathering steels, g ,
however, in suitable
applications tends to eliminate
thi t this cost.
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Fireproofing Costs
Th t th i t d l The strength is tremendously
reduced at temperatures commonly
reached in fires when the other
materials in a building burn. Many
disastrous fires have occurred in
empty buildings where the only fuel p y g y
for the fires was the buildings
themselves. Furthermore, steel is an
excellent heat conductor no excellent heat conductor no
fireproofed steel members may
transmit enough heat from a burning
section or compartment of a building section or compartment of a building
to ignite materials with which they are
in contact in adjoining sections of the
b ildi building.
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Fireproofing Costs
Th t th i t d l The strength is tremendously
reduced at temperatures commonly
reached in fires when the other
materials in a building burn. Many
disastrous fires have occurred in
empty buildings where the only fuel p y g y
for the fires was the buildings
themselves. Furthermore, steel is an
excellent heat conductor no excellent heat conductor no
fireproofed steel members may
transmit enough heat from a burning
section or compartment of a building section or compartment of a building
to ignite materials with which they are
in contact in adjoining sections of the
b ildi building.
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Susceptibility to Buckling
As the length and slenderness
of compression member is
increased its danger of increased, its danger of
buckling increases. For most
structures, the use of steel ,
columns is very economical
because of their high strength
t i ht ti O i ll to weight ratios. Occasionally,
however, some additional steel
is needed to stiffen them so is needed to stiffen them so
they will not buckle. This tends
to reduce their economy. y
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Fatigue
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Fatigue
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Fatigue
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Fatigue
A h d i bl f Another undesirable property of
steel is that its strength may be
reduced if it is subjected to a large reduced if it is subjected to a large
number of stress reversible or
even to a large number of
i ti f t il t variations of tensile stress.
(Fatigue problems occur only
when tension is involved.) The )
present practice is to reduce the
estimations of strength of such
members if it is anticipated they members if it is anticipated they
will have more than a prescribed
number of cycles of stress
variation.
as Structural Material
Disadvantagesof Steel
Brittle Fracture
Under certain conditions
ductility and brittle frac ductility, and brittle frac
places of stress concen
l di d l t loading and very low tem
the situation.
as Structural Material
s steel may lose its
cture may occur at cture may occur at
ntration. Fatigue type
t t mperatures aggravate
Structural St Structural St teel Shapes teel Shapes
Structural St
HOT-ROLLED SECTIONS
produced by rolling mills and produced by rolling mills and
delivered to the fabricator.
H R ll d h Hot Rolled shapes
1. (L) Angles
2. (C) Channels
3. (S) Sections (Standard beams)
4. (T) Structural Tees
5. (W) W-shapes (Wide Flange) 5. (W) W shapes (Wide Flange)
6. Pipes
7 Plates 7. Plates
teel Shapes
Structural St
HOT-ROLLED SECTIONS
produced by rolling mills and produced by rolling mills and
delivered to the fabricator.
H t R ll d h Hot Rolled shapes
1. (W) W-shapes (Wide Flange)
2. (S) Sections (Standard beams)
3. (L) Angles
4. (C) Channels
5. (WT) Structural Tees 5. (WT) Structural Tees
6. Plates
teel Shapes
Structural St
BUILT-UP SECTIONS;
these are members
made up by a fabricator
from two or more
t d d ti standard sections
teel Shapes
Structural St
COLD-FORMED SECTIONS
is achieved by a bending
operation at room temperature,
rather than the hot rolling process
used for the heavier structural used for the heavier structural
steel shapes.
teel Shapes
Design principl
In any design, certain crite
whether or not an optimum so whether or not an optimum so
For a structure, typical criteria
1 Minimum cost; 1. Minimum cost;.
2. Minimum weight;
3. Minimum construction time;
4. Minimum labor;
5. Minimum manufactures costs
6 Maximum efficiency of operat 6. Maximum efficiency of operat
7. Minimum maintenance, and;
8. Long life endurance
les and criteria
eria must be established
olution has been achieved olution has been achieved.
may be:
s;
tion; tion;
Design Pr
1- Selection of type and layout of structure.
2- Determine of service loads..
3- Based on material properties, structural f
aesthetics, geometrical modifications in the an
4 A t t l l i i i d t t d t 4- A structural analysis is carried out to deter
each element of the structure.
5- Design of each member of the structure an 5 Design of each member of the structure an
different structural elements.
6- For design of members and its selec
consideration;
I. Strength: where maximum stress sh
II Stiff d fl ti d d f ti II. Stiffness: deflection and deformation
III. Construction requirements.
IV Economic aspects IV. Economic aspects.
V. Aesthetic aspects.
VI. Easy connections.
rocedure
function, environmental considerations and
nalysis model are made.
i th i t l t i i ti ti rmine the internal straining actions acting on
nd design of each connection between those nd design of each connection between those
ction the following should be taken into
hould be less than the allowable stress.
h ld b l th th ll bl l ns should be less than the allowable values.
DISCUS DISCUSSSION SSION
THANK YOU FOR YOU THANK YOU FOR YOUUR KIND ATTENTION UR KIND ATTENTION