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5010
Edexcel GCSE
Science
Physics P1b
Topic 11: Now You See it, Now You Don’t
Topic 12: Space and its Mysteries
Foundation and Higher Tiers
Monday 12 March 2007 – Morning
Time: 20 minutes

Materials required for examination Items included with question papers


Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Nil
HB pencil, eraser and calculator

Instructions to Candidates
Use an HB pencil. Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so.
Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet.

Foundation tier candidates: answer questions 1 – 24.


Higher tier candidates: answer questions 17 – 40.
All candidates are to answer questions 17 – 24.

Before the test begins:


Check that the answer sheet is for the correct test and that it contains your candidate details.

How to answer the test:


For each question, choose the right answer, A, B, C or D
and mark it in HB pencil on the answer sheet. A B D
For example, the answer C would be marked as shown.
Mark only one answer for each question. If you change your mind about an answer, rub out the first
mark thoroughly, then mark your new answer.
Do any necessary calculations and rough work in this booklet. You may use a calculator if you wish.
You must not take this booklet or the answer sheet out of the examination room.

Printer’s Log. No.

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*N29045A*
W850/R1535/57570 7/7/2/2/20,000

This publication may be reproduced only in accordance with Edexcel Limited copyright policy. ©2007 Edexcel Limited.
Questions 1 to 16 must be answered by Foundation tier candidates only.
Higher tier candidates start at question 17.

Using radiation

Kendal and Robyn visited a local hospital to find out how some medical equipment was used to
help patients.
Kendal saw a scanner used to check the development of a foetus.

1. The type of waves emitted by the scanner were

A infrared
B ultraviolet
C ultrasound
D microwaves

2. An image of the foetus is seen because the waves from the scanner are

A reflected by the foetus


B absorbed by the foetus
C transmitted by the foetus
D refracted by the foetus

3. Robyn asked why they didn’t use X-rays to scan the foetus.
Which of these is a reason?

A X-rays only show broken bones


B X-rays would pass straight through
C X-rays can harm the foetus
D X-rays would display the mother’s bones

Use this information to answer questions 4 and 5.

Kendal and Robyn saw a machine where radiation is used for treating cancer.

4. A radiation used for treating cancer is

A microwave
B infrared
C ultraviolet
D gamma

5. This radiation treats the cancer by

A internal heating of body tissue


B mutating cells in the body
C producing antibodies
D destroying unwanted cells in the body

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Mobile phones

John was investigating mobile phones for a science project.

not to
scale

6. The radiation used between mobile phones and mobile phone masts is

A microwave
B thermal
C sound
D light

7. Which of these sends out most microwave energy?

A a mobile phone sending a text message


B a mobile phone receiving a text message
C a mobile phone mast receiving a text message
D a mobile phone mast sending a text message

8. Some people are concerned about the possible dangers of mobile phones and mobile phone
masts.
Their main worry is that the radiation might

A cause global warming


B cause a health risk
C damage communication systems
D damage plant growth

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9. Telephone technology uses digital signals.
Which of these is a digital signal?

voltage voltage
0 0
time time

A B

voltage voltage
0 0
time time

C D

Life on Mars

Scientists and authors have often talked about the possibility of


life on other planets. These questions are about space and its
exploration.

Source: www.nasa.gov
10. The Sun and its planets are the main parts of the

A Solar System
B Earth galaxy
C Milky Way
D Universe system

11. A star is formed from

A a white dwarf
B a nebula
C a planet
D a black dwarf

12. Asteroids are sometimes mentioned in the news because

A they are alien spaceships


B their long tails light up the night sky
C they contain rare elements
D their orbits can cross the Earth’s orbit

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13. The table shows approximate travel times from Mars to three destinations.

to reach the Earth to reach the Sun to reach a star

travel time for a


4 minutes 12 minutes 4 years
radio signal from Mars
travel time for a
6 months 18 months X
space probe from Mars

Which of these will be correct for X?

A 6 years
B 60 years
C thousands of years
D space probes cannot leave our solar system

14. Astronauts’ muscles can weaken during a 6-month spaceflight to Mars.


One way to prevent this is

A to drink plenty of fluids


B to use an exercise machine
C to rest for 12 hours every day
D to take calcium tablets

15. Which row of the table best describes conditions in interplanetary space?

gravitational field strength (N/kg) pressure (Pa)


A 10 10,000
B 10 0
C 0 0
D 0 10,000

16. Robot landers have gathered information from Mars.


Which evidence would support the claim that there may have been life on Mars?

A The temperature on Mars is very low


B The atmosphere on Mars is mainly carbon dioxide
C Photographs show that there may have been active volcanoes on Mars
D Photographs of rocks show that there may have been water on Mars

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Higher tier candidates start at question 17 and answer questions 17 to 40.
Questions 17 to 24 must be answered by all candidates: Foundation tier and Higher tier.

A journey to Mars

A spacecraft leaves on a journey from Earth to Mars.

17. The rocket is launched and accelerates through the Earth’s atmosphere.
During this part of its flight

A its weight is decreasing


B its weight is zero
C its weight is equal to the thrust from the rocket engines
D its weight is increasing

18. The spacecraft leaves Earth and travels towards Mars.


During part of this journey the people in the spacecraft are weightless.
This is because

A their mass is zero


B their mass is equal to their weight
C their weight is zero
D their mass and their weight are both zero

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19. Near Mars, the rocket engine slows the spacecraft with a force of 10 000 N.
There is a force on the rocket from the gases.
There is a force on the gases from the rocket.
Which of these shows both forces correctly?

A
force on rocket force on gases
= 10 000 N =0N

B
force on rocket force on gases
= 10 000 N = 10 000 N

C
force on rocket force on gases
= 20 000 N = 10 000 N

D
force on rocket force on gases
=0N = 10 000 N

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20. The astronauts in the spacecraft discuss the probability of an asteroid striking the Earth or their
spacecraft.

Our spacecraft is less Our spacecraft is more


likely to be hit because likely to be hit because
it is further from the it is travelling slower
Sun than the Earth. than the Earth.

Alice Bob

Our spacecraft is less likely Our spacecraft is more


to be hit because it is much likely to be hit because
smaller than the Earth. it is made out of metal.

Carol David

Who is correct?
A Alice
B Bob
C Carol
D David

Riding along on the crest of a wave

Chris and Humza went to a science museum.


They saw an exhibition about waves.

Use the following information to answer questions 21 and 22.

6 cm
3 cm
0 cm
–3 cm 4 cm 8 cm 12 cm 16 cm 20 cm
–6 cm

21. The amplitude of the wave is


A 4 cm
B 6 cm
C 8 cm
D 12 cm

22. The wavelength of the wave is


A 4 cm
B 6 cm
C 8 cm
D 20 cm

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Use the information below to answer questions 23 and 24.

Chris and Humza see this diagram. It shows some parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.

radio waves microwaves infrared waves P ultraviolet waves

23. The radiation in part P is

A X-rays
B gamma rays
C visible light
D ultrasound

24. In the diagram, the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum have been arranged in order, from left
to right, of

A increasing frequency
B increasing wavelength
C increasing amplitude
D increasing speed

TOTAL FOR FOUNDATION TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

Foundation tier candidates do not answer any more questions after question 24.

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Questions 25 to 40 must be answered by Higher tier candidates only.
Foundation tier candidates do not answer questions 25 to 40.

Rain, rain, rain

Emma and Rémi visited the Met Office website to find out about weather measurements.
They learnt that different frequencies of microwaves are used to study rain.

Use this information to answer questions 25 and 26.

Some radar waves are transmitted from a Met Office weather station towards a rain storm.

25. A reflection is received 0.0001s later.


The radar waves travel at 300 000 km/s.
How far away is the rain storm?

A 15 km
B 30 km
C 150 km
D 300 km

26. The rain storm is moving towards the weather station.


During the next hour the time of travel for a reflected pulse to return to the transmitter

A increases
B decreases
C stays the same
D cannot be measured

27. Rémi finds that his mobile phone does not work in heavy rain.
This is because microwave radiation is

A slowed down by the water


B strongly absorbed by water
C speeded up by the water
D weakly absorbed by water

28. Predictions about the weather are much more reliable today than 50 years ago.
Which of these is not a reason for improved reliability?

A use of computerised weather maps on television


B use of information from satellites
C larger and faster computers
D faster transfer of information

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Out of this world

29. Paul and Darren were visiting a space museum. Paul was explaining to Darren about the
relative size of things.
Which of these statements is correct?

A The distance from the Sun to Pluto is much smaller than the distance from Earth to our
nearest galaxy
B The distance from the Earth to the Sun is smaller than the distance from Earth to the
Moon
C The Moon is much larger than Venus
D The Earth is much larger than Saturn

30. Paul and Darren were discussing the probability that there is intelligent life on other planets.
Which of these has not been used to search for intelligent life?

A radio telescopes
B space probes
C testing soil with landers
D astronauts landing on other planets

31. For a star about the same size as our Sun, which row of the table gives the best
conditions for finding life on one of its planets?

type of star position of planet


in solar system
A main sequence inner planet
B white dwarf outer planet
C white dwarf inner planet
D main sequence outer planet

32. Galaxies that show the most red shift are

A moving towards Earth at high speed


B stationary relative to the Earth
C moving towards Earth at low speed
D moving away from the Earth at high speed

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33. The graph shows the relationship between mass and weight on planets X and Y.

700

600
weight
X
in N 500

400
Y
300

200

100

0
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
mass in kg

Which statement is correct for gravity on the two planets?

A Gravitational field strength rises twice as fast on planet X compared to planet Y


B Gravitational field strength increases steadily on both planets
C Gravitational field strength on planet X is about twice that on planet Y
D Gravitational field strength on planet Y is about twice that on planet X

34. The force of gravity is strongest near

A a nebula
B a protostar
C a red giant
D a neutron star

35.
weight = mass × acceleration of free fall weight = mg

acceleration of free fall, g = 10 N/kg

force = mass × acceleration

A spacecraft is about to take off from the Earth.


It has a mass of 20 000 kg and the thrust from its engines is 240 000 N.
What is the acceleration of the spacecraft as it takes off?

A 0.08 m/s2
B 0.5 m/s2
C 2.0 m/s2
D 12.0 m/s2

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Use this information to answer questions 36 and 37.

earthquake at
only P waves
X in Central
X Y Z detected at Z
America

P and S waves 1
detected at Y

36. Wherever a seismometer is placed in the region between the lines labelled 1 – 1 and 2 – 2, it is
likely to detect

A no waves from X
B only P waves from X
C only S waves from X
D both P and S waves from X

37. Which row of the table is a correct reason why S waves do not reach Z.

S waves cannot pass through because S waves are


A the molten inner core of the Earth transverse
B the molten inner core of the Earth longitudinal
C the molten outer core of the Earth transverse
D the molten outer core of the Earth longitudinal

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Use this information to answer questions 38, 39 and 40.

This graph shows approximate speeds of seismic waves at various depths down to
the centre of the Earth.

1000
depth
in km
2000

3000
S wave P wave
4000

5000

6000
6400
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
seismic wave speed in km/s

38. This graph shows that the speed of a P wave suddenly decreases at a depth of about 3000 km.
The most likely reason for this is

A scientific instruments do not work well at this depth


B the waves pass through a huge underground lake
C the density of the rock suddenly changes
D it is an anomalous result

39. A P wave travels from one side of the inner core of the Earth to the other side, passing through
the centre.

This will take about

A 100 s
B 200 s
C 280 s
D 560 s

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40. The frequency of the P wave is 2 Hz.
What is its wavelength at the centre of the Earth?

A 0.16 m
B 6m
C 3185 m
D 6000 m

TOTAL FOR HIGHER TIER PAPER: 24 MARKS

END

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