Nov 08 Mark Scheme

Mark Schemes November 2008
GCSE
360Science
Science (2101)
Additional Science (2103)
Biology (2105)
Chemistry (2107)
Physics (2109)
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November 2008
Publications Code UG020607
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Edexcel Ltd 2008
-ii-
360Science GCSE November 2008
Contents
Page
Multiple Choice papers
Unit 5005 / 5025 (B1a) Mark Scheme 1
Unit 5006 / 5026 (B1b) Mark Scheme 1
Unit 5007 / 5035 (C1a) Mark Scheme 2
Unit 5008 / 5036 (C1b) Mark Scheme 2
Unit 5009 / 5045 (P1a) Mark Scheme 3
Unit 5010 / 5046 (P1b) Mark Scheme 3
Unit 5015 / 5027 (B2) Mark Scheme 4
Unit 5017 / 5037 (C2) Mark Scheme 4
Unit 5019 / 5047 (P2) Mark Scheme 5
Structured papers
Using the mark scheme for structured papers 6
Unit 5016F / 5028F / 1F (B2) Mark Scheme 7
Unit 5016H / 5028H / 1H (B2) Mark Scheme 15
Unit 5018F / 5038F / 1F (C2) Mark Scheme 23
Unit 5018H / 5038H/ 1H (C2) Mark Scheme 28
Unit 5020F / 5048F / 1F (P2) Mark Scheme 32
Unit 5020H / 5048H / 1H (P2) Mark Scheme 39
-iii-
Unit 5005 / 5025 (B1a) Mark Scheme
Unit B1a – 5005/5025 Unit B1a – 5005/5025 Unit B1a – 5005/5025

Topics 1 & 2 Topics 1 & 2 Topics 1 & 2
1 C 17 B 25 B
2 D 18 B 26 C
3 C 19 A 27 A
4 B 20 D 28 B
5 A 21 C 29 B
6 B 22 B 30 C
7 D 23 D 31 C
8 C 24 A 32 A
9 B 33 C
10 C 34 B
11 A 35 B
12 B 36 C
13 C 37 C
14 B 38 C
15 D 39 B
16 D 40 B
Unit 5006 / 5026 (B1b) Mark Scheme
Unit B1b – 5006/5026 Unit B1b – 5006/5026 Unit B1b – 5006/5026

1 B 17 B 25 B
2 A 18 A 26 C
3 C 19 C 27 A
4 D 20 D 28 A
5 B 21 B 29 C
6 C 22 C 30 D
7 B 23 C 31 D
8 B 24 A 32 B
9 B 33 C
10 D 34 C
11 C 35 C
12 A 36 D
13 D 37 A
14 A 38 B
15 D 39 D
16 A 40 C
-1-
Unit 5007 / 5035 (C1a) Mark Scheme
Unit C1a – 5007/5035 Unit C1a – 5007/5035 Unit C1a – 5007/5035

1 C 17 A 25 A
2 A 18 C 26 C
3 A 19 D 27 A
4 D 20 B 28 B
5 C 21 C 29 D
6 D 22 D 30 C
7 C 23 C 31 C
8 C 24 B 32 C
9 A 33 C
10 C 34 D
11 B 35 D
12 D 36 B
13 D 37 D
14 B 38 A
15 B 39 B
16 D 40 D
Unit 5008 / 5036 (C1b) Mark Scheme
Unit C1b – 5008/5036 Unit C1b – 5008/5036 Unit C1b – 5008/5036

1 B 17 A 25 D
2 D 18 D 26 C
3 A 19 B 27 B
4 B 20 C 28 D
5 C 21 B 29 D
6 D 22 A 30 C
7 C 23 B 31 A
8 B 24 D 32 D
9 C 33 D
10 A 34 B
11 D 35 D
12 B 36 B
13 A 37 B
14 D 38 A
15 C 39 C
16 A 40 D
-2-
Unit 5009 / 5045 (P1a) Mark Scheme
Unit P1a – 5009/5045 Unit P1a – 5009/5045 Unit P1a – 5009/5045

1 C 17 B 25 A
2 C 18 D 26 D
3 A 19 C 27 D
4 D 20 A 28 C
5 D 21 A 29 A
6 B 22 C 30 B
7 A 23 C 31 A
8 D 24 C 32 C
9 B 33 A
10 B 34 D
11 D 35 B
12 B 36 D
13 A 37 D
14 B 38 B
15 A 39 C
16 D 40 B
Unit 5010 / 5046 (P1b) Mark Scheme
Unit P1b - 5010 Unit P1b - 5010 Unit P1b - 5010

1 C 17 B 25 D
2 D 18 A 26 B
3 A 19 B 27 B
4 C 20 A 28 A
5 B 21 C 29 B
6 D 22 C 30 C
7 A 23 D 31 C
8 B 24 D 32 B
9 C 33 A
10 C 34 D
11 B 35 D
12 B 36 C
13 C 37 D
14 D 38 A
15 A 39 B
16 A 40 C
-3-
Unit 5015 / 5027 (B2) Mark Scheme
Unit B2 – 5015 Unit B2 – 5015 Unit B2 – 5015

Topics 1, 2, 3 & 4 Topics 1, 2, 3 & 4 Topics 1, 2, 3 & 4
1 A 17 C 25 D
2 A 18 B 26 A
3 C 19 B 27 C
4 D 20 D 28 D
5 A 21 C 29 D
6 B 22 B 30 B
7 A 23 B 31 A
8 C 24 C 32 D
9 B 33 B
10 A 34 C
11 C 35 C
12 B 36 A
13 C 37 C
14 D 38 B
15 A 39 D
16 B 40 B
Unit 5017 / 5037 (C2) Mark Scheme
Unit C2 – 5017/5037 Unit C2 – 5017/5037 Unit C2 – 5017/5037

1 C 17 B 25 B
2 C 18 D 26 B
3 B 19 A 27 C
4 D 20 C 28 A
5 B 21 D 29 B
6 A 22 A 30 D
7 B 23 C 31 B
8 D 24 B 32 B
9 D 33 A
10 A 34 C
11 C 35 C
12 D 36 C
13 B 37 D
14 D 38 C
15 C 39 D
16 B 40 B
-4-
Unit 5019 / 5047 (P2) Mark Scheme
Unit P2 – 5019/5047 Unit P2 – 5019/5047 Unit P2 – 5019/5047

1 C 17 D 25 B
2 B 18 A 26 D
3 B 19 A 27 A
4 D 20 D 28 C
5 A 21 C 29 D
6 D 22 D 30 B
7 A 23 A 31 B
8 C 24 B 32 D
9 B 33 D
10 B 34 A
11 A 35 C
12 A 36 C
13 B 37 A
14 A 38 B
15 C 39 B
16 B 40 C
-5-
USING THE MARK SCHEME FOR STRUCTURED PAPERS
1. This mark scheme gives you; * an idea of the type of response expected
* how individual marks are to be awarded
* the total mark for each question
* examples of responses that should not receive credit.
2. ; separates points for the award of each mark.
3. / means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full
credit.
4. ( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark but helps the examiner to get
the sense of the expected answer.
5. Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase/word is essential to the answer.
6. OWTTE (or words to that effect) and eq (equivalent) indicate that valid alternative answers (which
have not been specified) are acceptable.
7. ‘Ignore’ means that this answer is not worth a mark but does not negate an additional correct
response.
8. ‘Reject’ means that the answer is wrong and negates any additional correct response for that specific
mark.
9. ORA (or reverse argument) indicates that the complete reverse is also valid for the award of marks.
10. ecf (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used
correctly in answer to a later part of the same question.
MARKING
1. Suggestion/explanation questions should be marked correct even when the suggestion is contained
within the explanation.
2. Do not award marks for repetition of the stem of the question.
3. Make sure that the answer makes sense. Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put
together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the correct scientific context.
AMPLIFICATION
1. In calculations, full credit must be given for a bald, correct answer. If a numerical answer is
incorrect, look at the working and award marks according to the mark scheme.
2. Consequential marking should be used in calculations. This is where a candidate's working is correct
but is based upon a previous error. When consequential marks have been awarded write "ecf" next to
the ticks.
3. If candidates use the mole in calculations they must be awarded full marks for a correct answer even
though the term may not be on the syllabus at their level.
4. If candidates use chemical formulae instead of chemical names, credit can only be given if the
formulae are correct.
-6-
Unit 5016F / 5028F / 1F (B2) Mark Scheme
Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

Number
1(a)
(2 x 1)
(4)

Number
1(b) Two from:
1. fins ; tail fin, tail
2. streamlined shape;
3. gills;
4. camouflage;
5. any other correct answers e.g

swim bladder, mucus; (2)
360Science GCSE November 2008 -7-

Number
1(c) oxygen / shelter / food / nesting site / provides habitat
a place to lay eggs / remove CO2 ; (1)

Number
1(d) insufficient space / grow to the space available
small species / not enough food / don’t get enough protein

(1)
fish (tank) too cold ;

Number
2
gene gene
} chromosome;
nucleus; } DNA;
(4)
base;

Number
3(a) sugar / glucose; accept sources of these
e.g grapes
(1)

Number
3(b) a gas/carbon dioxide increase in pressure, oxygen
produced/respiration by yeast; fermentation by yeast (1)

Number
3(c) warm it / add more sugar /
add more yeast ; references to bacteria etc (1)

Number
3(d) all sugar used up /
yeast poisoned by alcohol / dies references to bacteria etc (1)
fermentation / respiration
stops / production of reaction stops
carbon dioxide stops;

Question Answer Mark
Number
4
process carbon dioxide cardon dioxide

remove from the added to the
atmosphere atmosphere
fermentation 3;
combustion (3)
photosynthesis 3;
aerobic respiration 3;
decomposition 3;
1 mark for each correct tick – max 4 marks
The tick for combustion has already been given on the paper so scores 0 marks
(4)
9 – no mark
Accept x in stead of 3 only if in correct boxes and does not
occur in any other boxes

Number
5(a) larger lungs / breathe deeper/ large lungs breathe/ references to fur
breathing rate increases/ more red blood cells / take in more air/oxygen
haemoglobin has greater affinity for oxygen / more haemoglobin/
heart beats faster; haemoglobin carries more
oxygen/ (1)

Number
5(b) Any one problem or adaptation, to get both marks the references to fur
adaptation has to be linked. for the adaptation
A cold ; mark
1. more insulation /thicker / fat layer / traps more air in feathers
2. thicker feathers / extra (down) feathers / thick fat layer
3. use wings more to produce (more) heat; lots of feathers/ thick feathers
OR
B buffeting/strong winds;
1. strong flyers / strong feathers / powerful wings/ large wing span

2. streamlined/
3. flying in formation;
OR
C longer time without feeding/resting;
1. large food reserves/ higher proportion of fat no food to eat
in food reserves / feed more before
2. streamlined / flying
3 flying in formation;
OR gliding for longer
D low pressure / air thinner;
1. tolerate water / collecting in tissues/
2. bigger/longer/more curved wings;
OR
E bright sun / higher levels of UV light;
1. white feathers/ flying closer to sun. (2)
2. eyes have feathers to
shade them;

Number
6(a) Three from :
1. to get more oxygen; get more air into lungs/
oxygen into blood quicker /
oxygen demand is high
2. to muscles/ muscles work faster/harder named muscle

including heart
3. for more (aerobic) respiration ; anaerobic
respiration
4. for more energy ;
5. to remove more carbon dioxide ;
6. to prevent cramp/build up of lactic acid/

reduce oxygen debt (3)

Number
6(b) idea of using a breathing rate monitor/ respirometer/ spirometer/ heart/pulse rate
repeat several times (take average) use a computer monitor (1)

Number
7(a) selective breeding / artificial selection ; natural selection
(1)

Number
7(b) Two of:
1. (milk) fat content/
less or more creamy/etc ;
2. (milk) mineral / calcium content ; ref to nutrients can be credited

for 1 mark if marking point 1,2,3
3. (milk) vitamin /vitamin D content ; not given
4. taste ;
5. volume/amount/quantity/ yield of milk;
6. characteristics of calf such as calm/healthy/ quantity/leaness of meat (2)

faster growth/fertility

Unit 5016H / 5028H / 1H (B2) Mark Scheme

Number
1(a) larger lungs / breathe deeper/ large lungs / breathe/take in references to fur
breathing rate increases/ more air/oxygen / more haemoglobin/
more red blood cells / haemoglobin carries more oxygen/
haemoglobin has greater affinity for oxygen /
heart beats faster; (1)
360Science GCSE November 2008 15

Number
1(b) Any one problem or adaptation, to get both references to fur
marks the adaptation has to be linked. for the adaptation
A cold ; mark
1. more insulation /thicker
fat layer / thick fat layer
2. thicker feathers / traps more air in feathers
extra (down) feathers / lots of feathers/thick feathers
3. use wings more to
produce (more) heat;
OR
B buffeting/strong winds;
3. strong flyers / strong feathers / powerful wings/large wing span

4. streamlined/
3. flying in formation;
OR
C longer time without
feeding/resting;
2. large food reserves/ higher proportion no food to eat
of fat in food reserves / feed more before flying
2. streamlined /
3 flying in formation; gliding for longer
OR
D low pressure / air thinner;
3. tolerate water
collecting in tissues/
4. bigger/longer/more curved wings;
OR
E bright sun / higher levels of UV light;
3. white feathers/ flying closer to sun. (2)
4. eyes have feathers to
shade them;

Number
2(a) Three from :
7. to get more oxygen get more air into lungs/
oxygen into blood quicker /
oxygen demand is high
8. to muscles / named muscle
muscles working harder/faster including heart
9. for more (aerobic) respiration ; anaerobic

respiration
10. for more energy ;
11. to remove more carbon dioxide ;
12. to prevent cramp/build up of lactic

acid/reduce oxygen debt (3)

Number
2(b) idea of using a breathing rate monitor respirometer/ spirometer/ heart/pulse rate
use a computer monitor (1)
repeat several times (take average)

Number
3(a) selective breeding / artificial selection ; natural selection
(1)

Number
3(b) Two of:
7. (milk) fat content/
less or more creamy/etc ;
8. (milk) mineral / calcium content ; ref to nutrients can be credited for 1

mark if marking point 1,2,3 not given
9. (milk) vitamin /vitamin D content ;
10. taste ;
11. volume/amount/quantity/
yield of milk;
12. characteristics of calf such as quantity/leaness of meat

calm/healthy/ faster
growth/fertility; (2)

Number
4(a) correct plotting to an accuracy of half (2)
square;
deduct 1 mark for incorrect point
C grade line - smooth line showing trend of dot to dot line

their plotted points; (1)
max
(3)

Number
4(b) amino acid/protein / any named plant
protein / chlorophyll / DNA / RNA ;
(1)
Number
4(c) 1. use nitrate fertiliser quoting a number Credit 400 kg of fertiliser if density is
between 450 and 600; kept at 50 kg per hectare(1 mark) (1)
2. density of 67 kg per hectare; (1)
max
(2)

Number
5(a) Three of:
1. increasing anyway (at this time of
year) as light intensity / duration/
temperature increasing;
2. eutrophication;
3. extra nitrates/ ammonia (enter the Sewage acts as a fertiliser/provides

water) ; nutrients/minerals as 1 mark for marking
points 3 and 4
4. extra phosphates (enter the water);
5. used for protein/other correct plant (3)

substance;
sewage has killed the animals which eat the

algae;

Number
5(b) nitrates/ phosphates/ sewage /
fertiliser/nutrientsflowed downriver/
out to sea/
(1)
sewage/nitrates/phosphates/
fertiliser became diluted /used up by algae /
more algae eaten by (increased number) of

herbivores ;

Number
6(a) (magnesium is used to make) chlorophyll; chloroplast
(1)

Number
6(b) all active transport sites used/ cells/roots unable to increase rate of
temperature at optimum / uptake of magnesium (ions)any more.
ATP/energy being supplied at maximum other references to something else
rate / magnesium no longer a limiting factor; becoming a limiting factor (1)

Number
6(c) Three from:
1. (magnesium absorbed by) active idea of ‘(ion) pump’
transport ;
2. (active transport) uses energy ;
3. (poison) stops energy production ;
4. does not fall to zero because some Mg

(ions) absorbed by diffusion ;
5. accept anaerobic respiration still (3)

supplies some energy ;

Number
7(a) 1. single strand (as opposed to double)
2. uracil / U (instead of
thymine/T) RNA has no T/thymine (1)
3. ribose (sugar as opposed to

deoxyribose)
4. RNA is shorter (DNA is longer)
5. DNA stays in the nucleus (RNA leaves

the nucleus);

Number
7(b) Any four from:
1. for translation;
2. for protein synthesis ; makes proteins /polypeptides
3. (mRNA joins to) ribosomes ;
4. codons/three bases /triplet;
5. match up to anticodons /match up to

complimentary base pairs/OWTTE ;
6. tRNA (joins to mRNA) ;
7. which carry (specific) amino acids ;
8. which are joined together ;

(4)
9. by enzymes ;
TOTAL MARKS 30

Unit 5018F / 5038F / 1F (C2) Mark Scheme

Number
1(a)(i) 26 (0C);
(1)

Number
1(a)(ii) 6 (0C);
(1)

Number
1(a)(iii) given out ;
(1)

Number
1(b) ammonia + nitric acid Æ ammonium nitrate ; If any other substances
included (1)

Number
2(a)
only the sodium chloride dissolves ; (1)

Number
2(b)(i) covalent ;
(1)

Number
2(b)(ii) ionic ;
(1)

Number
2(c) too little there/ too dilute to have effect /
the scientists believe they are not effective /
(tests show) they do not work/ (1)
they have not been tested;

Number
3(a) Note :
Placed in correct places
electron to -; (1)
proton to ⊕; (1)
neutron to z; (1)

Number
3(b) particle relative mass
0
electron
1/1836 (1)
proton
1 (1)

Number
3(c)(i) 3 / three;
(1)

Number
3(c)(ii) 7 /seven;
(1)

Number
3(c)(iii) 2,1 / 2.1; 2 1 in correct
order; (1)

Number
4(a)(i) ethene ; monomer/ C2H4;
(1)

Number
4(a)(ii) (plastic) bag / food wrapper/ any item that could be made from plastic, “clothing”, items
cling film/ toys; poly(ethene) invariably made from other (1)
types of plastic

Number
4(a)(iii) carbon ; C c
hydrogen ; H h (1)

Number
4(b) to give colour
cross-linking substance
makes more flexible ;
plasticiser
makes more rigid ; (2)

Number
5(a) takes in heat/ energy ; (causes) temperature
decrease/ gets colder/ (1)
arguments in terms
of bond breaking and
making

Number
5(b)(i) 2 (HCl) ; multiples of equation any other numbers given elsewhere
Ignore any state symbols (except 1), any changed chemical (1)
formulae eg HCl2, H2Cl, H2Cl etc

Number
5(b)(ii) carbon dioxide ; CO2/ carbon oxide/
carbon monoxide (1)

Number
5(b)(iii) greater (surface) area; more contact between solid/lumps calcium carbonate is in
and liquid/ acid, more (frequent) smaller pieces (1)
collisions, more solid particles
available

Number
5(b)(iv) (more) concentrated acid/ stronger/ lower pH (hydrochloric) add catalyst, stir, change amount of
raise temperature/heat ; acid any reactant (eg “add more acid”) (1)

Number
5(c)(i) electrons are lost ; give electrons (to sharing / gaining electrons lose both
other atom), marks (2)
2 (electrons) lost;

Number
5(c)(ii) strong (forces of) strong (covalent) intermolecular forces
attraction/bonds /lots of energy bonds = 1 mark
to break bonds; (2)
between ions/ionic (bonds); electrostatic attraction

= ionic bond
TOTAL MARKS 30

Unit 5018H / 5038H/ 1H (C2) Mark Scheme

Number
1(a) takes in heat/ energy ; (causes) temperature decrease/
gets colder/ arguments in terms of bond (1)
breaking and making

Number
1(b)(i) 2 (HCl) ; multiples of equation any other numbers given elsewhere
Ignore any state symbols (except 1), any changed chemical (1)
formulae eg HCl2, H2Cl, H2Cl etc

Number
1(b)(ii) carbon dioxide ; CO2/ carbon oxide/ carbon monoxide
(1)

Number
1(b)(iii) greater (surface) area; more contact between solid/lumps and calcium carbonate is in smaller
liquid/acid, more (frequent)collisions, pieces (1)
more solid particles available

Number
1(b)(iv) (more) concentrated acid/ stronger/ lower pH (hydrochloric) add catalyst, stir, change amount of
raise temperature/heat ; acid any reactant (eg “add more acid”) (1)

Number
1(c)(i) electrons are lost ; give electrons (to other atom), sharing / gaining electrons lose both
marks (2)
2 (electrons) lost;

Number
1(c)(ii) strong (forces of) strong (covalent) intermolecular forces
attraction/bonds /lots of energy bonds = 1 mark
to break bonds; (2)
between ions/ionic (bonds); electrostatic attraction

= ionic bond

Number
2(a) allow 2 4 in any format
2, 4 / 2.4;
(1)

Number
2(b) number of outer shell electrons = (carbon) in group IV where number of outer electrons
group number ; (unspecified or 4) incorrect
(1)

Number
2(c) shared electron(s); shared electrons to give (atoms with)
pair of electrons; full outer shells;; (2)

Number
2(d) GRAPHITE: layers slide/slip/
rub off OWTTE;
(2)
C FIBRES: due to crumpled sheets etc
is: stronger/ less flexible/
less slippery/ layers can’t slide
/OWTTE;

Number
3(a) Mg2+ + 2 e Æ Mg ; ; e or e- mg2+
Mg+2
Mg2+ and e on left, Mg on right; Mg2+ - 2 e Æ Mg = 1 mark only
balancing correct species; (2)

Number
3(b) ions/particles free to move ; atoms/molecules free to move
(1)

Number
3(c) electrons can move / free electrons carry the charge ions moving/ reference to molecules
electrons/delocalised electrons ; (1)

Number
3(d) layers cannot slide (over each other); particles cannot easily move past one molecules
another
due to particles of different size; (2)
[particles = atoms = ions]

Number
4(a) bromine water is yellow / orange; red/ red-brown/ brown
(any combination of these colours
turns colourless/ decolourises with allowed) goes clear/ discolours
ethene ;
(3)
no change with poly(ethene) ; Stays orange etc/
no reaction

Number
4(b) Two from:
thermosetting polymers have (cross-) bonds between molecules
links ;
to form giant structure ; suitable diagrams could score both

marks
thermoplastic polymers have no
cross-links; (2)

Number
4(c)(i) e.g. solvents/ cleaning materials/ rubbing alcohol/ sterilising dry cleaning/ nail varnish remover/ (1)
fuel/ antiseptic; paint stripper/ medicines

Number
4(c)(ii) either :
28.0 g C2H4 Æ 46.0 g C2H5OH ;
28 x 500 000 tonnes C2H4 Æ 500 000 tonnes C2H5OH ;
46
= 304348/ 304 000/300 000/ 3 x 105(tonnes) ;
or:
Mr ethanol = 46 ;
Moles ethanol = 500 000 / 46 ;
Mass ethene = 500 000 x 28 = 304348/ 304000/300000/ 3 x 105 (tonnes) ;
46
[allow 304347, 304347.8, 304347.82…… etc] (3)
TOTAL MARKS 30

Unit 5020F / 5048F / 1F (P2) Mark Scheme
Question Answer Accept Ignore Reject Mark

Number
1(a)
Can this be explained by static tick
electricity?
dust on TV screen 3
self closing doors
a shock from a car door given
fibre optic lights
a flash of lightning 3
Note:
one mark for each; if additional ticks
( i.e. if the candidate ticks 3 or 4 boxes) they
negate one of marks to a max of 2
(2)

Number
1(b) They repel push away attraction
(1)

Number
2(a) it ionises Radioactive Unqualified
can damage cells /body harmful
causes cancer
causes radiation sickness (1)
causes radiation poisoning
causes mutations (DNA)

Number
2(b) i keep it as big as possible; OWTTE/ increase it Move Reduces (1)
Stand back detector
Move source further away further
away
ii as short as possible; a short time increase (1)

do (experiment) as quickly
as possible

Number
2(c) any sensible; • do not touch / taste / Radioactive
look at suits (1)
• use tongs Goggles
• lead shielding Unqualified
(suits/aprons etc ) protective
• other suitable shielding clothing
• gloves
• wearing film badges
• don’t eat
• wash hands after
experiment
• have sign on door
• do not point source at
anyone
• use weaker source

Number
2(d) alpha;
gamma; (2)

Number
3(a) subs; 2 ±8500 • if bald 17000(J) seen
award both marks
ans ; 17000(J) • allow ecf if incorrect
subst in terms of
numbers of legs
(2)
Number
3(b) 68000(J); 17 000 X 4
ecf (from a) ± 4
(1)
Number
3(c) • subst; 68000(J)/35 allow ecf from b (or a)
• ans; 1943 1940 or 1900 Too many dp

1 mark max if done with one (2)
leg

Number
4(a) 10 hours; ± 0.5 hour
(1)

Number
4(b) • correct distance /a time; 110/2 Method shown
Eg time in minutes 110/120
• ans; scores 1 max (no ecf)
55
(2)

Number
4(c)(i) the same as; (1)
thrust; (1)
B; (1)

Number
4(c)(ii) D; thrust attraction
forwards force (1)

Number
4(c)(iii) lift; Upthrust attraction
(1)
by reducing surface area/ flap rate of wings; tucking her wings in
lowering her wings
tilting/ diving downwards

Number
4(d) to reduce the drag forces MUST BE A FORCE REASON 1. streamlining
Ideas of 2. aerodynamic (1)
• it being easier to hold 3. weight
onto fish distribution
• or ease of flight
e.g. Reduction in wind
resistance

Question Answer Accept ignore Reject Mark
Number
5(a) Any 3 of check diagram for answers— Chain reactions
• daughters must be smaller
• accept unlabelled hollow circle
as n
• idea of metastable state/new U unstable

isotope ;
bald ‘breaks’
• splits /fission/breaks up/breaks into ‘creates 2 daughters’ ≡ 2nd and 3rd without the idea
; marking points pieces / of splitting
products/clusters
nuclei isotopes atoms / cells
• 2 fission fragments/ daughters;
(3)
• additional/new/other neutron(s);
• energy released;

Number
5(b) no of (free) neutrons is reduced ; • idea of control rods ‘capture’ slows down repeat of stem
neutrons
• blocking n attracting
• absorbs n neutrons (1)
• prevention of ‘runaway’ chain
reaction

Number
5(c)(i) any sensible ; • no fumes /atmospheric Idea that even
pollutants /OWTTE without an
• does not contribute to global accident the (1)
MARK Ci and Cii TOGETHER…..CREDIT ONE warming /climate change area is more
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT AND ONE SOCIAL • small chance of major disaster radioactive or
EFFECT WHEREEVER SEEN: /accident /leaks polluted or
SCENIC POLLUTION IS CREDITED ONLY ONCE • takes up land that
• waste is toxic / radioactive / background
needs special disposal level is higher
• reduction of use of fossil fuels
• scenic pollution

Number
5(c)(ii) any sensible; • more jobs risk of cancer
• less/more tourists
• houses devalued
• loss of population (1)
• fear of (terrorist attacks)
TOTAL MARKS 30

Unit 5020H / 5048H / 1H (P2) Mark Scheme
Question Answer Accept ignore Reject Mark

Number
1(a) Any 3 of check diagram for answers— Chain reactions
• daughters must be smaller
• accept unlabelled hollow circle
as n
• idea of metastable state/new U unstable

isotope ;
bald ‘breaks’
• splits /fission/breaks up/breaks into ‘creates 2 daughters’ ≡ 2nd and 3rd without the idea
; marking points pieces / of splitting
products/clusters
nuclei isotopes atoms / cells
• 2 fission fragments/ daughters;
(3)
• additional/new/other neutron(s);
• energy released;

Number
1(b) no of (free) neutrons is reduced ; • idea of control rods ‘capture’ slows down repeat of stem
neutrons
• blocking n attracting
• absorbs n neutrons (1)
• prevention of ‘runaway’ chain
reaction

Number
1(c)(i) any sensible ; • no fumes /atmospheric Idea that even
pollutants /OWTTE without an
• does not contribute to global accident the (1)
MARK Ci and Cii TOGETHER…..CREDIT ONE warming /climate change area is more
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT AND ONE SOCIAL • small chance of major disaster radioactive or
EFFECT WHEREEVER SEEN: /accident /leaks polluted or
SCENIC POLLUTION IS CREDITED ONLY ONCE • takes up land that
• waste is toxic / radioactive / background
needs special disposal level is higher
• reduction of use of fossil fuels

Number
1(c)(ii) any sensible; • more jobs risk of cancer
• less/more tourists
• houses devalued
• loss of population (1)
• fear of (terrorist attacks)

Number
2(a) all four marking points;; • forces not
any two marking points; vertical or
from horizontal
• down arrow from CofM same • Sankey type
size as up arrow tolerance arrows
10% by eye • Force arrow
• backwards arrow from CofM not starting
same size as forwards arrow from the
tolerance min= no shorter than middle of the
length of 3rd feather up, max bird
= no longer than length of last
tail feather
• label =drag or air resistance
(on backwards arrow)
• label =weight or gravity (on
down arrow) (2)

Number
2(b)(i) thrust; forwards force
(1)

Number
2(b)(ii) lift; Upthrust
by reducing surface area/ flap rate of • tucking her wings in bald references
wings; • lowering her wings to streamlining (2)
• tilting/ diving downwards

Number
2(b)(iii) to reduce the drag forces MUST BE A FORCE REASON • streamlining
Ideas of • aerodynamic (1)
• it being easier to hold onto fish • weight
• or ease of flight distribution
e.g. Reduction in wind resistance

Number
2(c)(i) 15 (N) incorrect units
(2)

Number
2(c)(ii) subst.; 15= 2.5 ± a no mark for equation as it is given incorrect units for
• allow subst. and rearrangement one mark
rearrangement; a = 15/2.5 marks in either order
• if bald ans seen award all marks
ans; 6 (m/s2) • TO GET CREDIT MISTAKES MUST
BE MATHEMATICAL NOT PHYSICS,
i.e. dimensionally correct (3)

Number
2(c)(iii) subst.; 25 ± 40 • no mark for equation as it is incorrect units
given for one mark
ans; 1000 (J) • if bald correct answer seen
OR using m.g.h. award all marks any other value
2.5 ± 10± 40 • TO GET CREDIT MISTAKES MUST of g (1000,
BE MATHEMATICAL NOT PHYSICS 25,16) apart
e.g. incorrect mass from 10 (2)

Number
3(a)(i) tangential line to the circle, labelled V; both line and label needed for the
mark
mark the line, not the arrow head (1)
Number
3(a)(ii) radial inwards arrow, labelled F; both line and label needed for the
mark (1)
mark the line, not the arrow head

Number
3(b) Any TWO from: moving in a circle
• centripetal force/gravity acting;
• velocity is (constantly) changing; (2)
• velocity is a vector OR the direction (of
the satellite) changes;
• acceleration is a change in velocity;

Number
4(a) One accurately described source and type • rocks—N Hospitals Irradiated foods
other than cosmic radiation • fallout- A Nuclear power Mobile phones
• medical waste (from nuclear stations (1)
applications -A Luminous
• radioactive atoms (etc) in watches
bodies or food -N cosmic radiation
• smoke detectors- A
• radon gas- N
• medical use (e.g. X rays/
tracers) – A
• Burning fossil fuels – N
• Building materials –N
• Named accident site at nuclear
reactor -A
• Nuclear Weapons A

Number
4(b) ionising radiation from the cosmos ; allow for cosmos • Any em
• from space/the sun/the solar radiation
system/the universe/ other apart from
galaxies gamma
for ionising allow
• named ionising radiation • idea of
• charged particles microwave
• high energy particles background
radiation left
MUST have idea of ionising and over from the
where from ‘big bang’ (1)
‘from solar wind’ = 1 mark

Number
4c it removes electrons from nearby atoms OWTTE/it causes (nearby) atoms causes health
to become ions problems
(1)

Number
4(d)(i) emission of radon (gas); • (granite/metamorphic/igneous) power stations • emission of
rocks emit more radiation gas without
• radioactive rocks (as above) references to sea mention of
• unstable isotopes (in rocks) level radon or its
source
graphite • sedimentary
rocks (1)

Number
4(d)(ii) no mark for yes or no • radiation level not high / Naïve/ unfounded assertions without
any 2 sensible reasons for either yes or background radiation is not that statements such as definite facts
no;; dangerous
• has been there for years and no if it were dangerous
known ill effects seen we would not be
• radon emits alpha which has short allowed to live
range therefore wont reach you there/they would
• can (now) extract radon or reduce have moved us
exposure (e.g. improved building
design) (2)
• radon emits alpha which is highly
ionising and therefore dangerous
• radon is a gas and therefore you
can breathe it in
• perception that prolonged
exposure may cause URT cancers

Number
4(e) Two from:
• Cosmic radiation ORA ( no effect on most of
background)
• How field affects (cosmic) radiation repels/deflects etc attracts traps inside
(2)
• Reduction of (cosmic) radiation level blocks /reduces/ prevents
penetration etc
• effect (on cosmic radiation level) incorrect

varies with latitude / concentrates it more at poles /less at equator variation
at the poles;
CREDIT CAN BE SHOWN ON A
DIAGRAM
TOTAL MARKS 30

Further copies of this publication are available from
Edexcel Publications, Adamsway, Mansfield, Notts, NG18 4FN
Telephone 01623 467467
Fax 01623 450481
Email publications@linneydirect.com
Order Code UG020607 November 2008
For more information on Edexcel qualifications, please visit www.edexcel.org.uk/qualifications
Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales no.4496750

Registered Office: 190 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

Nov 08 Mark Scheme

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Mark Schemes November 2008

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Unit 5005 / 5025 (B1a) Mark Scheme 1

Unit 5006 / 5026 (B1b) Mark Scheme 1

Unit 5007 / 5035 (C1a) Mark Scheme 2

Unit 5008 / 5036 (C1b) Mark Scheme 2

Unit 5009 / 5045 (P1a) Mark Scheme 3

Unit 5010 / 5046 (P1b) Mark Scheme 3

Unit 5015 / 5027 (B2) Mark Scheme 4

Unit 5017 / 5037 (C2) Mark Scheme 4

Unit 5019 / 5047 (P2) Mark Scheme 5

Using the mark scheme for structured papers 6

Unit 5016F / 5028F / 1F (B2) Mark Scheme 7

Unit 5016H / 5028H / 1H (B2) Mark Scheme 15

Unit 5018F / 5038F / 1F (C2) Mark Scheme 23

Unit 5018H / 5038H/ 1H (C2) Mark Scheme 28

Unit 5020F / 5048F / 1F (P2) Mark Scheme 32

Unit 5020H / 5048H / 1H (P2) Mark Scheme 39

Unit B1a – 5005/5025 Unit B1a – 5005/5025 Unit B1a – 5005/5025

Unit 5006 / 5026 (B1b) Mark Scheme

Unit B1b – 5006/5026 Unit B1b – 5006/5026 Unit B1b – 5006/5026

Unit C1a – 5007/5035 Unit C1a – 5007/5035 Unit C1a – 5007/5035

Unit 5008 / 5036 (C1b) Mark Scheme

Unit C1b – 5008/5036 Unit C1b – 5008/5036 Unit C1b – 5008/5036

Unit P1a – 5009/5045 Unit P1a – 5009/5045 Unit P1a – 5009/5045

Unit 5010 / 5046 (P1b) Mark Scheme

Unit P1b - 5010 Unit P1b - 5010 Unit P1b - 5010

Unit B2 – 5015 Unit B2 – 5015 Unit B2 – 5015

Unit 5017 / 5037 (C2) Mark Scheme

Unit C2 – 5017/5037 Unit C2 – 5017/5037 Unit C2 – 5017/5037

Unit P2 – 5019/5047 Unit P2 – 5019/5047 Unit P2 – 5019/5047

2. ; separates points for the award of each mark.

2. Do not award marks for repetition of the stem of the question.

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

5. any other correct answers e.g

360Science GCSE November 2008 -7-

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

small species / not enough food / don’t get enough protein

360Science GCSE November 2008 -8-

360Science GCSE November 2008 -9-

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

360Science GCSE November 2008 -10-

process carbon dioxide cardon dioxide

1 mark for each correct tick – max 4 marks

360Science GCSE November 2008 -11-

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

1. strong flyers / strong feathers / powerful wings/ large wing span

360Science GCSE November 2008 -12-

2. to muscles/ muscles work faster/harder named muscle

5. to remove more carbon dioxide ;

6. to prevent cramp/build up of lactic acid/

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

360Science GCSE November 2008 -13-

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

2. (milk) mineral / calcium content ; ref to nutrients can be credited

5. volume/amount/quantity/ yield of milk;

6. characteristics of calf such as calm/healthy/ quantity/leaness of meat (2)

360Science GCSE November 2008 -14-

Question Answer Accept Reject Mark

360Science GCSE November 2008 15