1 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved

Variable Density Log (5 receiver)

- Full waveform rectified & color coded
casing then formation (P or P&S)
- qualify cement to formation bond
- BP no casing, strong P(S) arrivals
- FP only strong casing arrivals
- annulus, channel casing & P(S)
Repeat with 500kpsi or Ultrasonic
1) Evaluate cementing job efficiency to place right quality cement (Zc) over
right depth interval, without channel & good bonds (casing to cement &
cement to formation) to minimise risk of communication between zones
2) Evaluate eventual need for squeeze& possibility to squeeze (annulus)
3) Have a reference for eventual futur cement reevaluation
Cement Bond Log (3 receiver)
- First casing arrival : BP < E1 < FP
casing to cement Bond Index
B.I=(LogFPLogE1)/(Log FP-LogBP)
E1 single averaged value affected by
excentralisation, concentric casings,
fast formation, parameters as well as
annulus, channel, Zc
annulus = Channel = Contaminated
Cement Placement Evaluation 1 of 2
Cement Placement Evaluation 1 of 2
Monopole Sonic Tools (SDT, SLS, SCMT, Sonic Scanner) with 3 & 5 receivers
2 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Pulse-echo technique uses rotating (7.5rps) transducer emitting a
broadband ultrasonic wave to :
- excite casing into its resonance mode depending on casing thickness &
- analyse resonance decay depending on Zmud & Zcement
- compute 72 Zcement & casing reflectivities, internal radii & thicknesses
- sorts Zc into Gas (Zc<ZTGS), cement (Zc>ZTCM) or liquid USBI
Identifies channel down to 5,
Insensitive to microannulus smaller than 100
10 of dry annulus or 300 of wet annulus behave like free pipe
difficult differentiation between lite Crete & liquid of similar Z
attenuative muds (12 dB/m/MHz) WBM < 1.9g/cc OBM < 1.4 g/cc
Cement Placement Evaluation 2 of 2
Cement Placement Evaluation 2 of 2
Ultra Sonic Imager Tool
3 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
CBL LQC
1) Check TT is constant and correct (TT2 ~ 300s for 7 & 340s for 9 5/8),
2) Check NMSG = TT210s, CBLG=35s, AMSG=TT2-120s, SGW=80s
3) TT=TTSL (apart opposite fast formation where TT>TT2>TTSL) 2 ok
4) Check CBL = FP (52mv in 9 5/8, 62mv in 7, ..) above Top Of Cement else
5) Adjust CBAF to read CBL = FP above TOC
6) If BI is presented check MSA corresponds to BP value for Zcement from UCA
7) Correlation (or anticorrelation) of GR with CBL indicates interference of
casing to cement bond & formation confirms cement behind casing
8) If CBL increases at concentric casing shoe repeat with shorter CBLG
Cement Placement Evaluation
Cement Placement Evaluation
-
-
LQC
LQC
VDL LQC
1) Opposite high CBL reading late, low frequency S formation arrival can be
the only proof of large annulus rather than FP
4 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
USIT LQC
1) Check FPM versus DFVL & ZMUD used to compute radii & Zcement
2) check internal radii versus casing nominal I.D else change DFVL
3) check that ECCE is smaller than 0.02 * casing OD
4) use ZMUD = 304.8 * mud density / DFVL
5) check ZTCM = ZMUD + 0.5 MRayl
Cement Placement Evaluation
Cement Placement Evaluation

LQC & QL
LQC & QL
USBI=BI=100%
USBI=BI=0%
USBI=BI=75%
Perfect cement placement Channel (25% or 90)
Wet annulus < 100
USBI = 100%
20% < BI < 80%
Wet annulus > 300
USBI = 0%
0% < BI < 5%
VDL S arrival
fast formation
Dry annulus < 10
USBI = 0%
60%< BI <90%
VDL fuzzy
Free Pipe
2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Reservoir Saturation Tool
RST*
1
RST Pulsing Modes
capture
Energy
Time
Time
GAMMA RAY SIGNAL
inelastic
IC
CS/Sigma
WFL
MODE
100 s
1500 s
0.3 s ~ 60 s
NEUTRONPULSE
thermal neutron
capture cross section
oxygen activation

Saline saturation
BH Yw, TPHI
MEASUREMENT
I NTERPRETATION
inelastic
C,O,Si,Ca,Fe

C/O saturation
capture
H,Cl,Si,Ca,S,Fe,Gd..
.

lithology

water velocity & flow

6 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Chlorine has high thermal
neutron Capture cross
Section :
~ Sw
Works in any borehole fluids
GOC, H2O entry points
So independant of salinity of
formation water
Spectrolith fromC spectrum
No quantitative Sw in low-
salinity H2O < 35 kppm
Gas filled boreholes need
AIRB = YES
Principles
Advantages
& other
appications
Limitations
Sigma mode Inelastic Capture mode
Inelastic spectrumanalysis
near & far Carbon/Oxygen
COR ~ (1-Sw)
Cannot differentiate Oil & gas
Work best with gas < 10%
Slow logging speed
only for porosity > 12%
Reservoir Saturation Tool
Reservoir Saturation Tool
7 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Water entry @ 425
No production below 425
Oil entry @ 380 =>
SIBH decreases
water velocity increases =>
FBAC decreases
GR increases
Compare Shut in &
Flowing passes
GR w/o minitron is GR reference
Shut in pass is FBAC reference
FBAC & GR in flowing show H2O
& . 407
8 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
GHOST and PS Platform Overview
Flow-Caliper Imaging tool
Combinations
Gradiomanometer tool GHOST tool
Telemetry, gamma ray,
CCL, pressure,
temperature
Density, deviation Gas holdup, gas/liquid
bubble count, one-arm
caliper, relative bearing
Velocity, X-Y caliper, water
holdup, water/hydrocarbon
bubble count, relative
bearing
9 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
GHOST Log Output
SinglePassRateINTerpretation
Real-TimeInterpretation
2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Single Pass Rate INTerpretation2.0
bubble
size
Frict.
Corr.
3
Flow.
Added:
- Selection of hold-up
sensors
FloView & GHOST
GHOST & Gradio
FloView & Gradio
FloView
GHOST
Gradio
3 Phase
Spinner Pitch 2.14 IN
Spinner Threshold 4 FT/MN
Spinner Efficiency 1
E probe Stand Alone Bubble size 0.06 IN
O probe Stand Alone Bubble size 0.04 IN
Water Density 1.0 GR/CC
Oil Density 0.7 GR/CC
Gas Density 0.15 GR/CC
Hold-up Selector
*
- O probe bubble size
- Adjustment factor for
FloView & GHOST
- Correction factor for
Inverted Gradio
11 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Flow Rate Calculation
Cable velocity
R
o
t
a
t
i
o
n
a
l

v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
Fluid velocity
Readings at a given depth
Multiple Passes
Single Pass
Pitch
Vm = ( RPS . P + T Cs ) E
- SPRINT recommended values
for efficiency E :
0.9 in monophasic flows
1.0 in multiphasic flows
12 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Flagship Tool String: PSP Architecture
RST
Three Phase Hold-up
Holdups from Sigma
PFCS
Total flowrate
Hole diameter
PVL
Water velocity
Oil velocity
DEFT, GHOST
Flow regime
Water hold-up
Gas hold-up
WFL
Water velocity
Water flowrate
index
Pressure/TemperatureGa
mma Ray/CCL
13 2004 NExT All Rights Reserved
Flow Scan Imager (FSI)
F
S
I
S
o
n
d
e

(
1
1

)
(+
W
e
ll d
ia
m
e
te
r &
T
o
o
l o
rie
n
ta
tio
n
)
4

M
S
5

O
p

/
5

E
p
1
M
S
/ 1
O
p
/ 1
E
p
FSI Specifications:
1-1/16, ~16
150
o
C, 15 kpsi
CT and tractor
conveyance
PSP, RST combinability
Fluid local velocity
Optical
Probe
Gas holdup & Bc
Electrical
Probes
Water holdup & Bc
FSI Sonde Structure