PG3

SHOCK ABSORBERS, ENERGY ABSORBERS,
RIGID STRUTS
PRODUCT
GROUP
3
0
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
3.0
SHOCK ABSORBERS, ENERGY ABSORBERS (E-BARS),
RIGID STRUTS, DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMPS
Field of application________________________________________________3.1
Main products ____________________________________________________3.2
Recommendations for use__________________________________________3.3
Shock absorbers, type 30, type 31 __________________________________3.4
Installation extensions, type 33 _____________________________________3.7
Weld-on brackets, type 35__________________________________________3.8
Operational performance, type 30, type 31____________________________3.9
Permissible stress factors, type 30, type 31__________________________3.10
Mode of operation, type 30, type 31________________________________3.11
Shock absorbers, design characteristics _____________________________3.13
Shock absorbers, function tests ____________________________________3.14
Installation instructions, type 30, type 31____________________________3.15
Maintenance recommendations type 30, type 31 _____________________3.17
Dynamic pipe clamps, type 36, type 37 _____________________________3.19
Dynamic pipe clamps overview, OD 33.7 - OD 914.4 __________________3.21
Dynamic pipe clamps, installation instructions________________________3.31
Energy absorbers (E-Bar), type 32 __________________________________3.33
Rigid struts, type 39______________________________________________3.37
Pipe whip restraints ______________________________________________3.41
CONTENTS PAGE
3
PRODUCT
GROUP 3
Product group 3 components
Pipe supports specially designed for the
purpose are necessary to absorb and trans-
fer loads from dynamic events. With Product
Group 3, LISEGA provides a comprehensive
system whereby all fields of application are
covered by the corresponding ideal compo-
nent. This enables users to exploit optimum
concepts.
The LISEGA Product Group 3 includes the
following main products:
shock absorbers, types 30 and 31
energy absorbers (E-Bars), type 32
rigid struts, type 39
A comprehensive selection of connection pos-
sibilities is available for the correct installa-
tion of the main products:
installation extensions, type 33
weld-on brackets, type 35
dynamic pipe clamps, types 36 and 37
In accordance with the LISEGA modular
system, the connecting parts are designed
to be compatible and are subject to uniform
calculation criteria. A generally applicable
table of permissible loads can be found on
page 0.5 of the Technical Specifications.
The fundamental calculation procedures
comply with international regulations and
standards and are certified by practical type
and suitability tests.
Design Report Summaries in accordance
with ASME III NF are available.
Dynamic events
Whenever unplanned dynamic events occur,
LISEGA Product Group 3 supports have the
job of protecting the piping or other com-
ponents affected from any damage.
Undesirable abrupt movement of the com-
ponents in the system can be caused by:
A Internal excitation, such as:
pressure shocks from valve operation
water hammer
boiler events
pipe breakage
B External excitation, such as:
wind load
seismic events
aircraft impact
explosions
Components affected can be:
piping
pumps
valve assemblies
pressure vessels
steam generators
To avoid unacceptable ten-
sion and moments in the
piping system, unplanned
displacement in piping or
other plant components must
be eliminated. However, ther-
mal movement must not be
hindered in any way!
PRODUCT GROUP 3
FIELD OF APPLICATION
3.1
Diagram of an operating basis earthquake (O.B.E.)
3.2
3
Shock absorbers, type 30, 31
The use of shock absorbers (snubbers) is
preferred in thermally operating piping
systems. In a dynamic event, shock absor-
bers instantaneously form a practically rigid
restraint between the protected component
and the structure. Resulting dynamic energy
can at once be absorbed and harmlessly
transferred.
Through the special function of the shock
absorbers, thermal displacements during nor-
mal operation remain unhindered.
Energy absorbers, type 32
If only slight operational movement is to be
expected at the load application point, then
as a rule energy absorbers can be used.
These components allow a small amount of
movement, which is limited by an adjustable
gap in the end positions. The components
affected are protected from overload because,
due to the design, the dynamic energy intro-
duced is transformed into deformation energy.
Rigid struts, type 39
If no operational movement is to be expec-
ted, e.g. at so-called zero positions, then
rigid struts are used. They form rigid
restraints from attachment point to attach-
ment point and do not allow axial move-
ment. However, as they have angular bear-
ings, limited angular movement is permitted.
PRODUCT GROUP 3
MAIN PRODUCTS
stroke
free stroke
(adjustable)
rigid
3.3
PRODUCT GROUP 3
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR USE
Product Group 3 components are dynamically
stressed. In their use, the following points
must be observed for effective functioning:
1. Where the design of dynamically fixed
points is concerned, the stiffness of the
supporting system as a whole, i.e. of all
components in the support chain, must be
considered.
2. In the selection of unit sizes, the total of
all loadings avising must be taken into
account.
3. For given loads it must be made clear,
beyond any doubt, which level of design load
(H, HZ, HS, and/or Level A,B,C,D) the data
corresponds to. The table of permissible loads
on page 0.5 of the Technical Specifications
must be observed.
4. The stroke length of shock absorbers
should not be fully exploited. An overtravel
safety margin of 10mm at each end of the
snubber should be maintained.
5. When arranging the components, sufficient
lateral freedom should be allowed so that
there is no jamming at connection lugs.
6. When shock absorbers are arranged in
parallel, it is recommended that load re-
serves be considered. Instead of 50%, in
each case it is recommended that both
shock absorbers be designed to take 70%
of the total calculation load.
7. The installation drawings should clearly
indicate how much freedom of angulation
may be required by the components.
8. Any necessary torque values for threaded
connections in the structural attachments
should be indicated.
9. Before commissioning the plant, all sup-
port points should again be visually inspec-
ted.
10. The LISEGA instructions for commissioning
and inspection, as well as the maintenance
recommendations, are to be observed.
Special design of dynamic restraint clamp
Type 37
Type 30
Type 33
Type 35
Type 35
Type 39
Type 36
Type 35
Type 39
Type 36 Type 30
Type 35
Type 39
Type 37 Type 39
Type 35
Type 30
Type 35
Type 35
Type 30
Type 36
Type 36
Type 35
Type 33
Type 30
Type 39
Type 35
Type 39
Type 35
3.4
LISEGA shock absorbers have stood the test
of time in practical applications for over
three decades, and thereby proven their
outstanding reliability. Extensive operational
experience has, through constant further
development, led to a matured product, uni-
versally respected and leading worldwide.
Access to shock absorbers after installation is
generally difficult and, because of possible
danger from radiation when installed in
nuclear power plants, involves stringent
safety regulations for personnel. The highest
demands are therefore made on reliable and
maintenance-free continuous service.
For the reliable operational safety of shock
absorbers, the quality of the following critical
components, together with the functional prin-
ciple and whole design, is a decisive factor:
sealing systems
piston and rod guides
hydraulic fluid
sliding surfaces
corrosion-resistant interiors
control valve system
SHOCK ABSORBERS
TYPE 30, 31
The most frequent causes of
failure in shock absor-
bers are premature
wear and tear and
corrosion. For this
reason LISEGA
shock absorbers
are manufacured
from non-
corroding
materials and any form of metal to metal contact
is precluded by the use of special guide bands.
At LISEGA, the sealing system, guidings and
hydraulic fluid are certified through reliable
qualification procedures to give at least 23
years trouble free operation in nuclear power
stations under normal operating conditions.
The following qualities have led to the recog-
nized superiority of LISEGA shock absorbers:
non-corroding materials
special sealing systems
vibration proof guide systems
pressurized self-contained hydraulic system
dynamic function
exchangeable control valves (Type 31)
23 years approved maintenance-free
operation
40 year lifespan
certified by ASME - NCA 3800
certified by TV qualification
testing
3
SHOCK ABSORBERS
TYPE 30
3.5
See Technical Specifications, table Permissible
loads on page 0.5 and Welding the weld-on brackets
on page 3.16
Usual design load for earthquakes and similar load
events. See also Technical Specifications, page 0.5
E
min
= piston rod retracted
E
max
= piston rod extended
To bridge greater installed lengths,
extensions, type 33 (page 3.7) can be used.
Order details:
Shock absorber
type 30 .. ..
With two weld-on brackets
type 35 .. ..,
Marking:
Type 30 18 16 to 30 03 12
Series produced
Standard design
Available from stock or
from running production.
Only non-corroding materi-
als are used. Connection
lugs (material = P250GH,
C45E+QT) attached via
threaded connections are
galvanized.
3.5
When exchanging other products, the connection
dimensions such as pin diameters and lug lengths can
be made to fit the attachments already built into the
structure.
Units with longer strokes can be provided on
request.
conn. lug
ball bush
name plate
piston rod cover
travel indicator
sight glass
Type
30 18 16
30 38 16
30 39 16
30 42 16
30 43 16
30 52 13
30 53 13
30 62 16
30 63 16
30 72 16
30 73 16
30 82 16
30 83 16
30 92 13
30 93 13
30 02 12
30 03 12
Nom. load
(kN)
Stroke
D d3
E
min
F R SG
Weight
(kg)
E
max
3
8
8
18
18
46
46
100
100
200
200
350
350
550
550
1000
1000
Emergency
Level C
4.0
10.6
10.6
23.9
23.9
61.0
61.0
141
141
267
267
472
472
735
735
1335
1335
100
100
200
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
54
70
70
85
85
135
135
170
170
200
200
270
270
300
300
390
390
10
12
12
15
15
20
20
30
30
50
50
60
60
70
70
100
100
220
315
410
395
545
445
595
535
685
615
765
730
880
760
910
935
1085
320
415
610
545
845
595
895
685
985
765
1065
880
1180
910
1210
1085
1385
18
50
50
58
58
65
65
100
100
130
130
165
165
165
165
240
240
15
20
20
22.5
22.5
30
30
45
45
60
60
75
75
105
105
145
145
9
10
10
12
12
16
16
22
22
35
35
44
44
49
49
70
70
1.9
4.3
5.7
8.3
12.0
20.0
29.0
37.0
51.0
61.0
78.0
122.0
147.0
175.0
207.0
390.0
460.0
3.6
3
Shock absorbers
Type 31 98 16 to 31 58 16
Type 31 shock absorbers are
specially designed to deal with
large loads.
They are mainly used in nuc-
lear power stations to protect
steam generators and large
pumps. Due to the restricted
space in such areas, their
dimensions are generally de-
signed to suit the given condi-
tions.
The table on this page there-
fore serves as general orienta-
tion during initial planning.
Housing and connection lugs
are high tensile stainless steel
castings.
See Technical Specifications, table Permissible
loads on page 0.5 and Welding the weld-on brackets
on page 3.16
Usual design load for earthquakes and similar load
events. See also Technical Specifications, page 0.5
Order details:
Shock absorber, type 31 .. ..
With two weld-on brackets
type 35 .. ..
Marking:
SHOCK ABSORBERS
TYPE 31
Emin = piston rod retracted
Emax = piston rod extended
L max at 80C
Design of travel indicator for travel range 8
(100mm stroke).
LISEGA shock absorbers type 31
are fitted with exchangeable valves
for on site testing
conn. lug
ball bush travel indicator
name plate
removable valves fluid level indicator
weld-on bracket
Type
31 98 16
31 99 16
31 08 16
31 09 16
31 28 16
31 38 16
31 48 16
31 58 16
Weight
(kg)
Stroke
D d3
E
min
F G H R SG
E
max
L max.
Emergency
Level C
Nom. load
(kN)
550
550
1000
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
735
735
1335
1335
2660
4000
5320
6650
100
200
100
200
100
100
100
100
240
240
330
330
440
540
580
630
70
70
100
100
120
140
160
180
620
735
765
880
870
1020
1050
1140
720
935
865
1080
970
1120
1150
1240
95
95
120
120
160
190
205
230
90
90
110
110
155
180
200
220
310
310
385
385
450
620
585
670
115
145
145
200
150
100
255
205
105
105
140
140
160
200
245
290
49
49
70
70
85
90
105
105
152
181
285
338
648
968
1300
1750
E
3.7
INSTALLATION EXTENSIONS
TYPE 33
Installation extensions
type 33 18 18 to 33 03 12
Type 33 extensions are used
to bridge larger installation
lengths, thus avoiding struc-
tural adjustments on site.
Connection to the shock
absorber or energy absorber
is made at the cylinder
base. Standard threaded
connections allow the
simple substitution of exten-
sions for standard connec-
tion lugs. The same applies
for special connections,
helpful when exchanging
units made by other manu-
facturers, because this way
existing structural con-nec-
tions can remain (see page
3.8).
Material:
P355T1
Order details:
Installation extension
type 33 .. ..
L= mm
for hydr. shock absorber
Piston at midposition Installation dimensions greater than E max on load
reduction possible. Shorter L dimensions can be supplied,
but then without adjustment possibility.
min. thread engagement
extension tube
countering ring
lug with ball bushing
Type
33 18 18
33 38 18
33 39 18
33 42 18
33 43 18
33 52 13
33 53 13
33 62 18
33 63 18
33 72 18
33 73 18
33 82 18
33 83 18
33 92 13
33 93 13
33 02 12
33 03 12
+ per
100mm
Nom. load
(kN)
3
8
8
18
18
46
46
100
100
200
200
350
350
550
550
1000
1000
Shock
abs.
stroke
A d3 D
max
E
max
L min E
min
L 37.5
min
L 37.5
max
205
195
195
205
205
220
220
270
270
315
315
390
1071
390
886
440
440
555
555
520
445
230
763
395
950
600
1440
1115
1855
1355
1070
1760
885
1455
2200
1900
1880
1555
100
100
200
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
150
300
240
315
460
412
635
455
680
510
735
560
785
640
865
670
895
770
995
10
12
12
15
15
20
20
30
30
50
50
60
60
70
70
100
100
25
30
30
35
35
48
48
64
64
83
83
90
100
90
100
115
115
160
160
445
510
655
617
840
675
900
780
1005
875
1100
1030
1711
1255
1751
1110
1335
1325
1550
760
760
690
1175
1030
1405
1280
1950
1850
2415
2140
1710
2400
1750
2320
2870
2795
2650
2550
0.45
0.60
0.60
0.90
0.90
1.50
1.50
2.30
2.30
5.00
5.00
10.00
45.00
10.00
36.00
33.00
33.00
90.00
90.00
0.39
0.55
0.55
0.75
0.75
0.72
0.72
1.90
1.90
3.60
3.60
3.40
4.70
3.40
4.70
5.50
5.50
9.50
9.50
Weight (kg)
L
37.5
3.8
3
WELD-ON BRACKETS
TYPE 35
Weld-on brackets
Type 35 19 13 to 35 20 19
This unit is used as a con-
nection for shock absorbers
type 30 and 31, energy ab-
sorbers type 32 and rigid
struts type 39 (also for types
16, 20, 27), and forms
the structural attachment.
The brackets are made from
easily weldable carbon steel
S355J2G3 and the precision
fit stainless steel connec-
ting pins.
Weld-on brackets type 35
can be supplied with bolt-
on base plates on request.
See Technical Specifications
table Permissible loads on page
0.5 and Welding of weld-on
brackets on page 3.16
Fit: bore H7, pin f8.
Order details: Weld-on bracket, type 35 .. ..
Flange for connecting to existing
extension
Special lugs
Special lugs with length adjustment
Standard extension
It is a well known fact that most earlier
generation shock absorbers do not fulfill
current demands and specifications.
The result is failure, and huge maintenance
costs. Considerable savings can be made by
replacing these units with LISEGA shock or
energy absorbers (E-bars).
So that connections already existing on site
can still be used, a range of special connec-
tions is available.
SPECIAL CONNECTIONS
Nom. load
(kN)
A B C d3 E F R L
Weight
(kg)
3
4
8
18
46
100
200
350
550
1000
2000
Type
35 19 13
35 29 13
35 39 13
35 49 13
35 59 19
35 69 19
35 79 19
35 89 19
35 99 11
35 09 13
35 20 19
25
25
30
35
54
90
110
150
180
390
520
32
32
37
43
54
79
100
130
230
310
320
12
12
12
13
15
23
25
34
40
58
65
10
10
12
15
20
30
50
60
70
100
120
30
30
34
40
50
75
90
115
155
212
245
9.5
9.5
10.5
12.5
16.5
22.5
35.5
45
50
72
87
42
42
46
52
65
95
115
160
220
305
320
13
13
15
18
27
45
55
75
80
100
135
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
1.0
3.7
7.9
17.0
41.0
132.0
215.0
stroke
200mm
SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31
OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE
3.9
travel range 8 100 mm, travel range 2 150 mm,
travel range 9 200 mm
Rt = Room temperature. At ambient temperature of 150C (short
duration, max. 1h) piston rod travel may be increased by up to 50% due to
reduced fluid viscosity.
Measured at a constant piston speed of appr. 0.3 mm/s. Breakaway
force is kept at less than 1.5 of given values.
If required, Sa can be increased to 0.5 mm by conforming to other
performance data (KTA 3205.3).
travel range 8, travel range 3 travel range 8 travel range 9
2, 9 (stroke 300) (stroke 100) (stroke 200)
6mm 8mm 10mm 12mm
Type 30 Type 31
Piston rod travel Sb at FN, Rt and 1- 35Hz
Piston rod travel Sa (lost motion)
Lockup velocity at Rt
Frictional resistance
0.5mm
2-6 mm/s
Bypass velocity at FN and Rt 0.2-2 mm/s
0.01FN or 200N 0.015FN or 300N
at FN 20kN at FN 20kN
0.01FN
Force travel diagram
Force and travel amplitudes
Operational performance
Under dynamic load, LISEGA shock ab-
sorbers, depending on the operational
load spectrum, offer a constant, predic-
table, functional performance.
Specified function values
As standard, LISEGA shock absorbers
maintain the function values listed be-
low. The values are based on cyclic or
dynamic load.
The data conforms to international stan-
dards and practical requirements.
Adherence to the specifications is
proven and recorded by acceptance tests
at the factory. By means of design
adaptations, special parameters can be
complied with on request.
Actual performance in relation to normal load
and travel range
stroke
= 300mm
Force F
rigidity
piston travel S
F
faulted
-F
faulted
F
emergency
-F
emergency
F
N
-F
N
3.10
absorbers endure these loads while
maintaining their functional integrity.
The special guide systems of the shock
absorbers make them largely resistant
to permanent cyclic operating loads.
This is confirmed by proven practical
experience.
It has to be considered that the range
of possible influential parameters such
as frequencies, amplitudes, oscillation
shapes, impact directions, mono- and
multiaxial effects, as well as possible
overlapping, permit no uniform definition
of continuous operational vibration.
Operational Stress Factors
LISEGA hydraulic shock absorbers are
designed as standard for the operational
loads listed below.
The specified values have been con-
firmed by German TV qualification
tests. Other values can be agreed upon
in exceptional cases by design adap-
tations.
SHOCK ABSORBERS, TYPE 30, 31
PERMISSIBLE STRESS FACTORS
3
Resistance to fatigue
Proof of operational durability is based
on the following accumulated load
spectrum:
Normal load FN . . . . . .Load cycles
10 % . . . . . . . . . . . . .2,000,000
50 % . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100,000
80 % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20,000
100 % (Level A/B) . . . . . . . . .10,000
133 % (Level C) . . . . . . . . . . .100
172 % (LeveI D) . . . . . . . . . . . .10
short term max. 1h/temp. cycle
max. 40h per year
at 10-150C
max. 150C
accumulated
continuous
short term
permanent max. 80C
max. 150C
100%
X=1
0.5-1 bar
5 bar
excess pressure
10
5
J/kg (10
7
rad)
Loading due to environmental
temperature
Relative humidity
Wet steam atmosphere
Energy dose
Ambient pressure
The values cited above refer to a shock
absorber incl. seals and hydraulic fluid.
Special values for the fluid only are:
Pour point
Flash point
Ignition point
300C
500C
-50C
Hydraulic fluid
(silicone oil)
The number of cycles corresponds to
estimated maximum dynamic stresses
from diverse load events within a period
of forty years. It also complies with the
test program requirements of the suit-
ability tests conducted by the German
TV. The results prove that the shock
Test area for shock absorbers at the Zeven
factory, Germany
Testing shock absorbers, type 31
Test load 4500kN
Optimum testing is achieved by using computer
controlled test equipment
3.11
MODE OF FUNCTION
Dynamic event
In the event of a sudden shock, an instan-
taneous, secure and almost rigid connection
is produced between the supported com-
ponent and the fixed point on the structure.
The resulting dynamic loads are at once
conducted into the structural connection and
dissipated without any harmful consequences.
Normal operational movements of piping and
other components remain however unhindered.
Moments of force can often change direction
at random within the framework of complex
oscillation spectra. The response frequency
range for LISEGA shock absorbers is 0.5 -
100 Hz.
FUNCTION
Control valves
The function of LISEGA hydraulic shock ab-
sorbers type 30 is controlled by the main con-
trol valve (B), axially mounted within the
hydraulic piston (A).
During the piston movement ( 2mm/s) the
valve is kept open by spring pressure, and
hydraulic fluid flows freely from one side of
the piston to the other. During rapid piston
movement (approx. 2mm/s) above the
speed limit, the resulting fluid flow pressure
on the valve plate closes the main valve.
The flow of the hydraulic fluid is stopped
and movement blocked. The compressibility
of the fluid cushion has a softening effect
on the restriction of the piston. This pre-
vents damaging load spikes.
For movement in the compressive direction,
the compensating valve (D) closes almost
synchronously with the main valve.
If the pressure on the closed valve subsides,
e.g. through reversal of the direction of move-
ment, the main control valve opens automa-
tically when the fluid force falls short of the
spring force.
Bypass
To prevent the valves from jamming in the
blocking position, they are fitted with a
bypass system.
Function scheme of a shock absorber, type 30
A
B
C
D
SHOCK ABSORBERS
MODE OF OPERATION
3.12
This allows limited piston movement under
continuing load and ensures safe opening of
the valves by rapid equalization of pressure
in both cylinder chambers. The compensa-
ting valve works synchronously with the
main valve in the same way.
Reservoir
For both variable piston rod positions as well
as for changes in hydraulic fluid volume
caused by temperature changes, volume com-
pensation takes place through a coaxially
mounted reservoir (C). The link between the
reservoir and main cylinder is regulated by
the compensating valve (D).
Large bore shock absorbers type 31
The function of the LISEGA shock absorber
type 31 is fundamentally the same as for type
30.
The special dimensions, however, require a
different design arrangement of the reservoir
(C). The valve assembly also differs.
The valves (B) themselves operate similarly
to those in type 30. The circulation of the
fluid is also blocked by closure of the corres-
ponding valve in each respective direction of
movement. This happens whenever a flow-
Function scheme of a shock absorber type 31
A
C
B
speed limit is exceeded. Because the valves
are directly linked to the reservoir, no special
compensating valve is needed.
Recurrent testing
To facilitate routine maintenance, the control
valve system is designed for removal with the
shock absorber still in place. The valves can
then simply be replaced in the event of a
recurrent test by a previously qualified set of
valves. A special shut-off device is used to
prevent loss of oil. The original valves can
then be remotely tested in a surrogate snub-
ber and made ready for use again.
3
SHOCK ABSORBERS
DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS
3.13
Design characteristics
The shock absorbers are closed systems
with no external threaded pressure
connections. Individual parts of the unit
are assembled without welding by
means of precision fits and threaded
connections and secured mechanically
(see Fig. 3).
For protection against corrosion, LISE-
GA shock absorbers are made exclusi-
vely from non-corroding materials. The
connections are made of galvanized
carbon steel.
The guides on piston rods and pistons
are made from a special wear-resistant
non-metallic material (see Fig. 2).
The fluid reservoir is sealed from the
atmosphere by a preset piston, so that
slight overpressure in the hydraulic
system constantly maintains a slight
presetting of the seals.
The control valves are decisive for the
dynamic operation of the shock absorber.
To achieve high operational accuracy,
the valve parameters have been opti-
mized by extensive testing and special
calculation models.
Seals
The sealing systems play a vital role in
the long term function of a hydraulic
shock absorber. Together with the hyd-
raulic fluid and guide bands, the seals
form part of the non-metallic compo-
nents of the shock absorber and are
therefore subject to natural ageing and
wear. The most important requisite for
a lasting sealing effect is the selection
of the right sealing material. A good
memory for shape retention (compres-
sion set) or lowest possible relaxation of
tension is thereby an absolute essential.
For optimum exploitation of material
characteristics, the shape of the seals
and the design of their locations are
also important.
The optimum combination of the
following factors is decisive for
functional efficiency:
temperature resistance
radiation resistance
abrasion resistance, especially
at high frequency vibration
good memory for shape retention
good dry running qualities
limited diffusion tendency into the
metal surfaces
minimal stick/slip drag effect
The material which best meets these requ-
irements is a special compound on the
basis of the fluor elastomer VITON.
To exploit the special characteristics to
the fullest extent, the following criteria
must also be considered:
special design shapes
backing compound materials
optimum mixture consistency
optimally balanced hardness
precision in gliding surfaces
design of locations for defined
presetting of seals
Commercially available seals in shock
absorbers do not fulfill these require-
ments, and as experience has shown,
lead to premature failure. For LISEGA
shock absorbers, a specific sealing sys-
tem was developed as early as 1984 in
cooperation with a major seal manufact-
urer. Since then, these seals have
demonstrated their worth in practical
application.
Alongside other successful qualification
procedures through artificial ageing and
fatigue tests, a qualification test proced-
ure was carried out on LISEGA shock
absorbers in 1992 by order of a major
European nuclear utility. The tests cer-
tified a maintenance free service life of
at least 23 years in nuclear power
plants under normal operating condi-
tions.
Control indicators
The piston position of the shock ab-
sorbers can be read from all sides by
checking the scale rings on the body of
the cylinder. The sturdy stainless steel
shroud connected to the piston rod pro-
tects it from mechanical damage, dirt
and heat and also serves as an indicator.
The fluid level of the reservoir is indi-
cated by the position of the reservoir
piston. A sight glass can be used for
checking the minimum level in type 30.
Type 31 has a marked indicator rod
attached to the base of the external
reservoir.
For details of design and materials,
see Technical Specifications.
(Fig. 1)
(Fig. 2)
(Fig. 3)
3.14
3
SHOCK ABSORBERS
FUNCTION TESTS
LISEGA applies a test procedure using the very
latest technology. The test benches operate as
dynamic hydro pulse units, with either force-
controlled or travel-controlled excitation as
desired.
The frequency bands range from
0.5 - 30Hz and the test loads from
0.5 - 5000 kN. Altogether, seven test benches
of various sizes are available for LISEGA in
different factories.
At customers request, they are frequently used
on site as mobile units. Several test benches
have been supplied to different countries to
The particularly stringent
requirements within the
nuclear industry demand
flawless proof concerning
the functional parameters
for shock absorbers.
This applies both to the
first acceptance test as well
as to recurrent testing.
Acceptance certificate with test diagrams
Frictional resistance (kN)
Quasistatic functional tests
Drag velocity (mm/s)
Lock up velocity (mm/s)
Bypass velocity (mm/s)
Load after valve activation (kN)
Load at bypass velocity (kN)/bleed rate
Dynamic functional tests
(Load and travel amplitudes)
displacement (mm)
compression / tension loads (kN)
Load/travel diagram
be used on site by local plant personnel for
recurrent testing.
Variable test programs permit shock absorber
tests for all makes.
All LISEGA test benches are regularly inspected,
certified and calibrated by authorized bodies.
3.15
Shock absorbers are pre-
cision-made, safety-related
components. Corresponding
care must therefore be taken
when handling them.
For the flawless functioning
of the shock absorbers it is
essential that the following
instructions are observed.
Transport and storage
Shock absorbers and related components
should be stored in closed rooms and pro-
tected from dirt and damage. Transportation
must therefore be carried out with great care.
LISEGA recommends that the shock absorbers
remain in their original packing until just bef-
ore installation. Any damage during shipment,
off loading, on site transportation or instal-
lation must be reported to the manufacturer
immediately.
Delivery condition
Shock absorbers are supplied as fully oper-
ational units, complete with hydraulic fluid,
ready for service. The connecting lugs for
type 30 are connected at one end with the
base, at the other with the piston rod and
secured by locking bolts.
For type 31 the bottom end lug and cylinder
base form a unit.
LISEGA shock absorbers are made entirely
from non-corroding materials, so they need
no additional surface treatment. The threaded
connecting lugs are electrogalvanized and
white chromatized.
Type 35 weld-on brackets are supplied sepa-
rately, including fitted pins. Their surface has
a protective coating of weldable primer.
For transportation, type 30 shock absorbers
are supplied packaged individually in pur-
pose made boxes with pistons fully retrac-
ted. Type 31 are fixed on special wooden
skids.
For these unit sizes, the actual installation
dimensions are preset at the factory.
Installation
Shock absorbers must be inspected for da-
mage before installation. Also, the connec-
ting lugs must be checked for tight fits. The
struc-tural attachments on site and weld-on
brackets must be completely welded. The
arrange-ment of the weld-on brackets must
be such that the maximum angular displace-
ment takes place in the direction of the
greatest thermal expansion in service.
Lateral displacement is limited to a maxi-
mum of 6. Any twisting of the weld-on
brackets against each other should be pre-
vented because of the limitation on move-
ment resulting from this.
All welding at the connections or in their
vicinity should be completed before installing
the shock absorbers.
For installation, type 30 shock absorbers must
be set at the required installation length (the
connection pin to connection pin dimension)
by extending the piston rods. This must be
done slowly, smoothly and below the lockup
velocity to avoid blocking the shock absor-
ber. Smaller types can be extended by hand.
The weight of the larger shock absorbers can
be exploited to help extend them by hanging
the unit to the connecting lug of the piston
rod.
The shock absorbers can be installed in prac-
tically any conceivable position. The piston
rod should be connected to the heat con-
ducting component to dissipate, via the pro-
tective shroud, any heat from radiation.
The installation position of the absorbers
should be so selected as to offer easy access
to the sight glass for fluid inspection during
service checks.
Type 30
weld-on bracket
conn. lug
name plate
piston rod cover
travel indicator
sight glass
SHOCK ABSORBERS TYPE 30, 31
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
~
3.16
3
Welding the weld-on brackets
The following procedure is recommended for
the welding of weld-on brackets:
The minimum weld seam thickness a for
type 35 weld-on brackets is dependent on
the angular displacement and . A per-
missible stress of 90N/mm
2
at load case
Level A formed the basis of the calculation.
If the angular displacement increases to
90, the permissible loads are reduced by
approximately 15% at a constant weld seam
thickness (a min at = 45).
For permissible loads, see load table in
Technical Specifications, page 0.5
Welding procedure
1. Remove pins from weld-on brackets
2. Preheat weld-on brackets, from
type 35 79 19 onwards, to 100C
3. Use base electrodes
4. Welding should be performed in layers
to avoid welding distortion.
(For sequence, see diagram)
5. Allow bracket to cool to 100C
after each welding layer
Type 31
=15
= 6
=30
= 6
=45
= 6
The connections to the various attachment
structures must be form-fit for load actu-
ation. All threaded connections in the flux of
force must be tightened with sufficient
torque.
If, after installation, any welding on the
attachment structure is performed near the
installed shock absorber, care must be taken
that no welding current strays through the
body of the snubber.
After installing the complete system, it is
recommended that each unit be inspected
for the following:
A. Correct fitting of form-fit connections for
load actuation (locking screws on the connec-
ting lugs, secure pins, threaded connec-
tions).
B. All installation points must be checked
for adequate freedom of movement during
thermal expansion. Care must be taken to
allow the connecting lugs to move freely in
the connection brackets and care also taken
to prevent the piston from reaching the end
position.
For the piston position, a safety zone of
10mm at each end of the cylinder stroke is
recommended. The position can be read from
the travel scale.
Before commissioning the plant, a full visual
inspection of all shock absorbers and instal-
lation situations is recommended.
weld-on bracket conn. lug
name plate ball bushing
travel indicator
fluid level indicator
removable valves
a a a
Type
35 19 13
35 29 13
35 39 13
35 49 13
35 59 19
35 69 19
35 79 19
35 89 19
35 99 11
35 09 13
35 20 19
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
5.5
7.5
10.5
14.5
15.0
14.0
23.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
7.0
9.5
13.5
18.0
20.0
17.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
5.0
8.0
11.0
15.5
21.0
23.0
19.0
~
For normal operating conditions shock absor-
bers are designed to function for the entire
40 year life of a plant. The seals and hyd-
raulic fluid should be changed at least once
during this period, at the latest after 20
years.
However, under certain conditions (extreme
stresses) shock absorbers can experience pre-
mature ageing and increased mechanical wear.
Preventive maintenance is recommended in
order to make sure the shock absorbers re-
main fully operational and reliable. This main-
tenance is the responsibility of the plant ope-
rators.
Measures
1. Regular inspection -
visual inspection, once per year
2. Extended inspection -
function tests, 12 years after
commissioning at the latest.
Implementation
Inspection and maintenance work should be
carried out by specially trained personnel.
LISEGA servicing specialists can do this if
required. For dynamic function tests, qualified
test benches which can also be brought to
the plant are available.
1. Regular inspection
Regular inspection should involve a visual
inspection carried out once a year on all units
installed. The first inspection should take
place immediately before commissioning.
During the regular inspection, not only the
shock absorbers must be inspected, but also
the environmental conditions and installation
situation. The check list should include the
following points:
all units to be inspected, noting
installation position
planned operational connection
displacements
special environmental or operating
conditions.
any maintenance work previously
carried out.
3.17
Mobile computer controlled LISEGA
test bench in a Belgian nuclear
power plant
SHOCK ABSORBERS
MAINTENANCE RECOMMENDATIONS
Shock absorbers are com-
ponents of great safety-
related significance for a
plant. They offer protec-
tion to the piping system
and other components
against dynamic over-
loading due to unplanned
load events. As these are
unpredictable, the comp-
lete functional safety of the
shock absorbers must be
guaranteed at all times.
3.18
The following should be checked at the
installed position:
Conformity of name plate data with
check list.
Correct form fitting of all connections for
load actuation
Correct freedom of movement of shock
absorber during operating displacements
Position of main piston rod as regards
sufficient stroke, including travel reserve
(min. 10 mm).
Exterior condition of shock absorber for
any damage or leakage.
Surrounding area for possible signs of
unusual operating conditions,
e.g. increased temperature
Fluid indicator level
As long as the reservoir piston cannot be
seen through the sight glass there is suffi-
cient fluid in the reservoir. If the piston is
visible, it must be assumed that fluid has
been lost.
Observations and findings are to be recorded
on the check list and if required, recommen-
dations for corrective action made.
2. Extended inspection
An extended inspection is carried out after
12 years of operation, whereby a number of
installed shock absorbers (min. 2 units per
type) are subjected to an additional function
test. After successful testing, the shock ab-
sorbers can be reinstalled for further service.
In the event of deviations in performance,
the shock absorber in question should be
dismantled and the function-related parts in-
spected. The plant operators are responsible
for taking and documenting any corrective
measures.
The scope of testing and the selection of
shock absorbers should be agreed on by the
relevant plant department and the service
engineer responsible. Special consideration
is to be given to various stress factors
(temperature, radiation, loads, operational
vibrations).
The timing and scope of the next Extended
Inspection is to be decided on the basis of
inspection results recorded.
After approximately 20 years of operation at
the latest, it is recommended that the hydraulic
fluid and seals are replaced in all shock
absorbers. Following this work, carried out
by trained personnel using original LISEGA
spare parts, and after successful function
testing, the shock absorbers can be used
again for a further 20 years.
3
Examples of shock absorber
installation in nuclear plants
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMPS
TYPE 36, 37
3.19
Instability caused by twisted clamps of the
frictional grip type (fig. 1) is especially dan-
gerous. Because of the unavoidable creep
characteristics of preset metals a lasting fric-
tional grip cannot be maintained at high
temperatures by way of simple bolt preset-
ting. Even oversize boltings do not solve the
problem, because on corresponding preset-
ting they would cause impermissible contrac-
tion of the pipe (pipe squeezer).
A typical fault is too soft a clamp design
(fig. 2), where the necessary stiffness is
not attained.
Care should be taken that the connec-
tions on the pipe clamps fit snugly.
So that no constraints arise, sufficient
room for lateral movement on
displacement in the piping system
must be guaranteed.
Prevention of twisting through shear lugs
To prevent twisting, LISEGA recommends on
principle the use of shear lugs with dynamic
pipe clamps (fig. 3, 5, 6). This way, defined
and verifiable behavior is ensured.
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
The lugs maintain the position of the pipe
clamps in the expected direction of force and
are not subjected to any significant load
(fig. 5). Even in the load case, no significant
lateral stresses are produced, as the friction
forces on the contact surface of the pipe
under load provide a secure grip.
Because of the slight forces to be absorbed,
welding stress can be kept to a minimum,
despite the small dimensions of the shear
lugs. Generally, they are kept below 35% of
the yield strength, or creep stress limit for
load condition H, according to the permis-
sible values in ASME / DIN codes.
Frictional grip with the help of disc springs
If the welding of lugs is not possible for any
fundamental reason, LISEGA offers dynamic
pipe clamps fitted with disc springs (fig. 4).
Via correspondingly dimensioned sets of
springs, a lasting torque for permanent friction
grip can be produced.
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Lug dimensions
Force distribution in a dynamic pipe
clamp with shear lug connection
lug
tube
friction lug
friction
friction tube
= 0.1...0.4 (friction value)
N = Catalog dimension F less 1mm
1.5 x N
0
-
2
m
m
Catalog dimension B1
add. 2mm
In the sphere of dynamic
supports, the design of
pipe clamps is often not
carried out with sufficient
care. In spite of impeccable
main support units (shock
absorbers, rigid struts and
energy absorbers), the
functioning of the whole
construction can be adver-
sely affected by faulty
pipe clamps.
O
D
OD
If no special arrangement is ordered, the
bracket connection is so fitted that the main
angulation range runs along the axis of the
pipe. For type 37, the weld-on bracket is to
be ordered separately.
3
LISEGA standard design
To provide the ideal solution for all areas of
application and at the same time achieve
the most favorable performance weight
ratios, LISEGA offers four standard designs.
Dynamic pipe clamps as hanger clamps
The given permissible loads have been cal-
culated for dynamic operation with shock
absorbers / rigid struts in accordance with the
dynamic load spectra shown on page 3.10.
In special cases the dynamic clamps are fitted
as hanger clamps, under permanent static
load. In this case, the given permissible loads
have to be reduced as per the following table:
Special designs
In some cases, special designs can be a use-
ful alternative to pipe clamps types 36 and
37. Especially in cases of parallel and angu-
lated arrangements, standardized design
and calculation methods have proven their
worth.
Selection
The selection tables are divided according to
pipe diameters. Via the temperature ranges
and the permissible loads, the type designa-
tion for the appropriate clamp is found. After
that, the installation dimensions are to be
checked using the drawing. Special attention
must be given to the lug connections of shock
absorbers, energy absorbers or rigid struts.
If the standard pin connection d1 does not
fit, another appropriate weld-on bracket (see
page 3.8) can be provided.
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
Type 37. .. 1/2/3/4/5/6
Type 36 .. .4/5
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
3.20
pipe clamp permissible
temperature material permanent
tensile stress
until 350C S235JRG2 / S355J2G3 100%
450C 16Mo3 90%
500C 16Mo3 55%
510C 13CrMo4-5 65%
530C 13CrMo4-5 55%
560C 13CrMo4-5 45%
This calculation applies to creep strengths dep. on time
in the range of 200,000h at temperatures 450C.
Special clamp for angular arrangement
Dynamic axial pipe clamp with shock absorbers
Type 36 Type 37
3.21
Calculation of interim
values: linear interpolation.
The connecting load group
has to be stated in the order.
On selection of a lower load
group than stated in the table,
the E dim. of the clamp is re-
duced in accordance with the
E dim. of the weld-on bracket
(see page 3.8).
Lug dimensions: F less 1mm;
B1 plus 2mm (see page 3.19).
Type 36 .. .1
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
SELECTION TABLE OD 33.7 - OD 108.0
C Emax A d1 B B1 kg F
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
4.0 4.0 4.0
4.0 4.0
4.0 3.9 2.9
10
10
10
110
155
160
75
75
75
50
50
50
20
20
20
9
9
9
2
2
2
Type
36 03 11
36 03 21
36 03 31
permissible laod (kN)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
permissible load (kN)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 05 11
36 05 21
36 05 31
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 06 11
36 06 21
36 06 31
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 07 11
36 07 21
36 07 31
OD 33.7 (ND 25)
OD 42.4 (ND 32)
OD 48.3 (ND 40)
OD 60.3 (ND 50)
OD 73.0 (ND 65)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 08 11
36 08 21
36 08 31
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 09 11
36 09 21
36 09 31
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 10 11
36 10 21
36 10 31
OD 76.1 (ND 65)
OD 88.9 (ND 80)
OD 108.0 (ND 100)
Type
36 04 11
36 04 21
36 04 31
8.0
8.0
16
15
15
23
32 29 24
18 15
13 11 8.1
20
15
15
205
265
270
165
165
165
50
50
50
35
35
30
11
11
11
5
4
4
4.9
6.5
5.5
20 19
18 15
14 11 8.3
20
15
15
185
230
235
146
146
146
50
50
50
30
30
30
11
11
11
5
4
4
3.8
4.5
4.3
14 13
8.0 7.7
7.0 5.8 4.3
15
12
12
160
210
215
125
125
125
50
50
50
25
25
25
9
9
9
4
3
3
2.2
2.7
2.7
14 12
8.0 7.6
6.9 5.8 4.2
15
12
12
160
210
215
120
120
120
50
50
50
25
25
25
9
9
9
4
3
3
2.2
2.7
2.6
14 11
8.0 8.0
7.2 6.1 4.4
15
12
12
150
190
195
110
110
110
50
50
50
25
25
25
9
9
9
4
3
3
1.9
2.2
2.2
8.0 7.4
6.5 5.1
4.0 4.0 2.9
12
12
10
130
175
175
90
90
90
50
50
50
20
20
20
9
9
9
3
3
2
1.2
1.5
1.4
8.0 8.0
6.4 5.1
4.0 3.9 2.9
12
12
10
130
175
175
85
85
85
50
50
50
20
20
20
9
9
9
3
3
2
1.2
1.4
1.3
0.9
1.1
1.1
3.22
Calculation of interim values: linear interpolation.
The connecting load group has to be stated in the order. On selection of a lower load group than stated in
the table. the E dim. of the clamp is reduced in accordance with the E dim. of the weld-on bracket (see page 3.8).
Lug dimensions: F less 1mm; B1 plus 2mm (see page 3.19).
Type 36 .. .1/2
Type 36 .. .4
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 11 11
36 11 21
36 11 24
36 11 31
36 11 34
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 13 11
36 13 21
36 13 24
36 13 31
36 13 34
OD 114.3 (ND 100)
OD 133.0 (ND 125)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 14 11
36 14 21
36 14 24
36 14 31
36 14 34
OD 139.7 (ND 125)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 16 11
36 16 21
36 16 24
36 16 31
36 16 34
OD 159.0 (ND 150)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 17 11
36 17 12
36 17 21
36 17 22
36 17 24
36 17 31
36 17 32
36 17 34
OD 168.3 (ND 150)
31
31
31
30
29
51
26
45
23
33
17
28
43
13
25
34
12
18
55
10
17
46
7.7
13
33
20
30
15
20
30
15
15
30
270
270
315
315
340
320
320
345
230
245
225
240
225
225
240
240
50
50
50
50
100
50
50
100
35
45
30
40
60
30
40
80
11
11
11
11
13
11
11
16
5
6
4
5
6
4
4
6
7.6
11.5
8.3
10.9
18.7
7.7
10.5
26.0
27 24
18
43
14
34
12
32
10
27
7.8
19
20
15
30
15
20
245
300
335
310
320
220
215
215
215
215
50
50
100
50
100
35
30
60
30
60
11
11
13
11
13
5
4
6
4
5
6.7
7.5
17.9
7.2
15.4
28 23
18
43
14
34
12
32
10
27
7.9
19
20
15
30
15
20
230
285
320
295
305
200
200
200
200
200
50
50
100
50
100
35
30
60
30
60
11
11
13
11
13
5
4
6
4
5
6.0
6.7
16.2
6.4
14.3
28 23
18
40
14
37
13
33
11
27
8.0
18
20
15
20
15
20
225
275
285
285
295
190
190
190
190
190
50
50
100
50
100
35
30
60
30
60
11
11
13
11
13
5
4
5
4
5
5.8
6.3
12.8
6.1
13.0
28 24
18
40
15
35
13
32
10
26
8.0
16
20
15
20
15
20
210
270
280
280
290
175
175
175
175
175
50
50
100
50
100
35
35
60
30
60
11
11
13
11
13
5
4
5
4
5
5.1
6.5
11.7
5.5
11.8
3
3.23
Type 36 .. .1/2
Type 36 .. .4/5
the table, the E dim. of the clamp is reduced in accordance with the E dim. of the weld-on bracket (see page 3.8).
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 19 11
36 19 12
36 19 21
36 19 22
36 19 24
36 19 31
36 19 32
36 19 34
OD 193.7 (ND 175)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 22 11
36 22 12
36 22 21
36 22 22
36 22 24
36 22 31
36 22 32
36 22 34
OD 219.1 (ND 200)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 24 11
36 24 12
36 24 21
36 24 22
36 24 24
36 24 25
36 24 31
36 24 32
36 24 34
36 24 35
OD 244.5 (ND 225)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 26 11
36 26 12
36 26 21
36 26 22
36 26 24
36 26 25
36 26 31
36 26 32
36 26 34
36 26 35
OD 267.0 (ND 250)
50
65
49
65
49
65
49
65
44
57
38
48
29
43
74
110
23
35
58
87
18
32
52
78
17
27
43
66
13
19
32
47
30
30
20
30
30
50
15
20
30
30
335
335
410
410
410
425
410
410
435
435
345
350
340
350
340
350
340
350
340
350
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
50
100
100
45
45
40
45
80
90
40
45
80
90
11
13
11
13
13
16
11
13
16
16
6
6
5
6
6
7
4
5
6
6
16.0
18.5
16.0
22.0
36.0
50.0
14.5
19.0
37.0
45.0
45
57
36
47
29
43
74
109
22
35
58
86
18
33
52
79
17
27
44
66
13
18
32
44
30
30
20
30
30
50
15
20
30
30
320
320
400
400
400
415
395
395
420
420
320
330
320
330
320
330
320
330
320
330
50
50
50
50
100
100
50
50
100
100
45
45
40
45
80
90
40
45
80
90
11
13
11
13
13
16
11
13
16
16
6
6
5
6
6
7
4
5
6
6
15.0
17.0
15.0
21.5
35.0
48.0
13.5
18.0
35.0
43.0
44
57
38
49
28
43
71
23
35
58
18
33
53
17
28
44
13
20
32
30
30
20
30
30
15
20
30
310
310
385
385
385
370
370
395
300
300
290
300
290
290
300
290
50
50
50
50
100
50
50
100
45
45
40
45
80
40
45
80
11
13
11
13
13
11
13
16
6
6
5
6
6
4
5
6
14.0
16.0
14.0
20.0
33.0
12.5
16.5
34.0
46
57
37
49
27
43
68
23
36
58
18
34
54
17
28
45
13
19
33
30
30
20
30
30
15
20
30
285
285
355
355
355
350
350
375
270
275
265
275
265
265
275
265
50
50
50
50
100
50
50
100
45
45
40
45
80
40
45
80
11
13
11
13
13
11
13
16
6
6
5
6
6
4
5
6
12.5
14.0
13.4
17.7
29.0
12.5
15.5
30.0
3.24
3
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
Type 36 .. .4/5
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 27 11
36 27 12
36 27 14
36 27 15
36 27 21
36 27 22
36 27 24
36 27 25
36 27 31
36 27 32
36 27 34
36 27 35
OD 273.0 (ND 250)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 32 11
36 32 12
36 32 13
36 32 14
36 32 15
36 32 21
36 32 22
36 32 23
36 32 24
36 32 25
36 32 31
36 32 32
36 32 33
36 32 34
36 32 35
OD 323.9 (ND 300)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 36 11
36 36 12
36 36 13
36 36 14
36 36 15
36 36 21
36 36 22
36 36 23
36 36 24
36 36 25
36 36 31
36 36 32
36 36 33
36 36 34
36 36 35
OD 355.6 (ND 350)
37
65
100
164
200
37
65
100
166
200
35
57
100
150
182
32
52
88
138
166
27
42
68
106
143
21
33
61
84
137
18
30
55
77
135
17
25
46
64
113
12
18
33
47
83
20
30
30
50
50
20
30
30
50
50
15
20
30
30
50
395
395
395
410
410
480
480
480
495
495
475
495
495
495
510
435
445
465
445
465
435
445
465
445
465
435
445
465
445
465
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
11
13
13
16
16
11
13
13
16
21
11
13
13
16
21
5
6
6
7
7
5
6
6
7
7
4
5
6
6
7
20
25
36
54
76
22
30
42
64
91
21
27
41
59
89
35
57
100
149
182
34
48
81
134
163
28
43
67
108
143
22
34
63
85
137
18
30
56
78
136
17
25
47
65
114
12
18
31
48
83
20
30
30
50
50
20
30
30
50
50
15
20
30
30
50
380
380
380
395
395
450
450
450
465
465
450
470
470
470
485
405
415
430
415
430
405
415
430
415
430
405
415
430
415
430
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
11
13
13
16
16
11
13
13
16
21
11
13
13
16
21
5
6
6
7
7
5
6
6
7
7
4
5
6
6
7
19
24
34
50
71
20
28
38
58
85
20
25
39
54
84
44
57
100
150
48
65
110
166
38
47
81
120
28
43
73
109
22
34
58
86
18
31
50
76
17
26
42
64
12
18
31
45
30
30
50
50
20
30
30
50
15
20
30
30
345
345
360
360
420
420
420
435
435
435
460
460
350
355
345
355
345
355
345
355
345
355
345
355
50
50
100
100
50
50
100
100
50
50
100
100
45
45
80
90
40
45
80
90
40
45
80
90
11
13
13
16
11
13
13
16
11
13
16
16
6
6
7
7
5
6
6
7
4
5
6
6
17
19
34
42
16
23
37
52
15
20
40
48
3.25
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
Type 36 .. .4/5
Type 37 .. .7
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
37
65
100
166
279
35
57
100
151
230
34
48
90
139
160
27
42
69
106
143
21
33
61
84
137
18
30
55
77
135
17
25
46
65
113
12
17
34
47
83
20
30
30
50
60
20
30
30
50
50
15
20
30
30
50
400
400
400
415
440
485
485
485
500
500
480
500
500
500
515
450
455
475
455
475
450
455
475
455
475
450
455
475
455
475
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
11
13
13
16
16
11
13
13
16
21
11
13
13
16
21
5
6
6
7
8
5
6
6
7
7
4
5
6
6
7
21
26
36
55
87
23
31
42
65
93
21
27
42
60
91
Type
36 37 11
36 37 12
36 37 13
36 37 14
36 37 15
36 37 21
36 37 22
36 37 23
36 37 24
36 37 25
36 37 31
36 37 32
36 37 33
36 37 34
36 37 35
OD 368.0 (ND 350)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 41 11
36 41 12
36 41 13
36 41 14
36 41 15
36 41 21
36 41 22
36 41 23
36 41 24
36 41 25
37 41 27
36 41 31
36 41 32
36 41 33
36 41 34
36 41 35
37 41 37
OD 406.4 (ND 400)
37
65
100
164
277
35
56
100
149
251
34
44
83
137
216
27
42
73
105
143
252
21
33
61
83
137
244
18
29
54
76
133
240
16
24
46
64
112
210
12
18
33
46
82
136
20
30
30
50
60
20
30
30
50
50
60
15
20
30
30
50
60
430
430
430
445
470
510
510
510
525
525
580
510
530
530
530
545
600
485
495
520
495
520
485
495
520
495
520
485
485
495
520
495
520
485
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
310
60
60
60
120
120
310
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
230
40
45
60
90
120
230
11
13
13
16
21
11
13
13
16
21
21
11
13
13
16
21
21
5
6
6
7
8
5
6
6
7
7
8
4
5
6
6
7
8
23
28
40
61
97
25
34
46
70
102
183
23
29
45
64
97
188
3.26
3
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
Type 36 .. .4/5
Type 37 .. .7/8
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
37
65
100
163
276
35
57
100
148
250
34
45
84
136
218
26
41
76
103
143
257
21
32
60
82
137
243
18
29
54
75
132
240
16
24
45
63
111
210
12
18
33
46
81
136
20
30
30
50
60
20
30
30
50
50
60
15
20
30
30
50
60
440
440
440
455
480
530
530
530
545
545
595
520
540
540
545
560
605
500
510
525
510
525
500
510
525
510
525
500
500
510
525
510
525
500
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
310
60
60
60
120
120
310
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
230
40
45
60
90
120
230
11
13
13
16
21
11
13
13
16
21
21
11
13
13
16
21
21
5
6
6
7
8
5
6
6
7
7
8
4
5
6
6
7
8
24
30
42
63
100
26
35
48
73
106
190
24
31
47
66
100
190
Type
36 42 11
36 42 12
36 42 13
36 42 14
36 42 15
36 42 21
36 42 22
36 42 23
36 42 24
36 42 25
37 42 27
36 42 31
36 42 32
36 42 33
36 42 34
36 42 35
37 42 37
OD 419.0 (ND 400)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100 Type
36 46 11
36 46 12
36 46 13
36 46 14
36 46 15
36 46 21
36 46 22
36 46 23
36 46 24
36 46 25
37 46 27
36 46 31
36 46 32
36 46 33
36 46 34
36 46 35
37 46 37
37 46 38
OD 457.2 (ND 450)
37
65
100
161
274
35
57
100
146
248
32
52
95
134
228
26
41
76
101
143
257
21
32
60
79
137
243
16
28
53
74
131
239
347
16
24
45
62
110
208
309
11
17
32
45
80
135
207
20
30
30
50
60
20
30
30
50
50
60
15
20
30
30
50
60
70
470
470
470
485
510
550
550
550
585
585
615
550
570
570
575
590
635
675
540
545
565
545
565
540
545
565
545
565
535
540
545
565
545
565
535
550
60
60
60
120
120
60
60
60
120
120
310
60
60
60
120
120
310
330
40
45
60
90
120
40
45
60
90
120
230
40
45
60
90
120
230
250
13
13
13
16
21
13
13
13
16
21
21
13
13
13
16
21
21
26
5
6
6
7
8
5
6
6
7
7
8
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
26
33
47
70
110
28
38
52
81
116
200
26
34
52
71
112
205
290
3.27
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
75
126
180
270
356
57
100
137
195
269
41
73
100
153
195
51
81
116
181
211
234
380
49
76
111
172
201
222
360
45
76
108
164
198
346
37
71
94
149
183
307
27
47
68
109
132
201
30
50
60
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
60
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
515
530
560
600
600
595
620
620
650
650
650
650
625
625
640
665
665
710
595
620
630
655
590
575
590
605
625
635
670
605
580
600
600
640
640
605
170
170
230
330
310
140
170
180
240
240
250
330
140
170
180
230
240
330
130
136
180
260
230
104
130
136
180
190
190
250
104
130
136
180
190
250
13
13
16
21
21
13
13
16
21
21
21
26
13
13
16
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
43
63
104
183
210
40
65
90
148
179
198
295
42
63
91
146
180
310
Type
37 51 11
37 51 12
37 51 13
37 51 14
37 51 17
37 51 21
37 51 22
37 51 23
37 51 24
37 51 25
37 51 26
37 51 28
37 51 31
37 51 32
37 51 33
37 51 34
37 51 35
37 51 38
OD 508.0 (ND 500)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
OD 558.8 (ND 550)
74
126
180
270
356
56
100
136
195
269
41
72
100
153
195
50
80
116
181
211
233
370
48
76
110
171
201
221
350
45
76
108
163
198
346
415
37
71
94
149
182
304
385
27
51
68
108
132
196
265
30
50
60
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
60
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
70
550
565
595
635
635
640
655
655
680
680
680
725
650
650
665
695
695
735
735
645
670
680
705
640
630
640
655
675
685
720
655
625
650
650
690
690
655
670
170
170
230
330
310
140
170
180
240
240
250
330
140
170
180
230
240
330
390
130
136
180
260
230
104
130
136
180
190
190
250
104
130
136
180
190
250
290
13
13
16
21
21
13
13
16
21
21
21
26
13
13
16
21
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
45
66
110
191
226
43
69
95
155
187
206
330
44
66
95
153
188
330
405
Type
37 56 11
37 56 12
37 56 13
37 56 14
37 56 17
37 56 21
37 56 22
37 56 23
37 56 24
37 56 25
37 56 26
37 56 28
37 56 31
37 56 32
37 56 33
37 56 34
37 56 35
37 56 38
37 56 39
3
3.28
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
75
126
182
270
359
540
57
100
137
197
272
412
41
73
100
155
196
300
50
80
116
180
210
233
367
48
76
110
171
200
221
347
45
76
108
162
196
344
413
37
71
93
148
182
302
380
26
51
68
107
132
195
277
30
50
60
70
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
60
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
70
575
590
620
660
660
660
670
685
685
715
715
715
760
685
685
700
730
730
770
770
695
720
730
755
690
705
680
690
705
725
735
770
705
680
700
700
740
740
705
720
170
170
230
330
310
330
140
170
180
240
240
250
330
140
170
180
230
240
330
390
130
136
180
260
230
250
104
130
136
180
190
190
250
104
130
136
180
190
250
290
16
16
16
16
21
21
16
16
16
21
21
21
26
16
16
16
21
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
47
68
114
197
236
295
46
71
100
164
197
218
355
47
69
100
161
198
350
430
Type
37 61 11
37 61 12
37 61 13
37 61 14
37 61 17
37 61 18
37 61 21
37 61 22
37 61 23
37 61 24
37 61 25
37 61 26
37 61 28
37 61 31
37 61 32
37 61 33
37 61 34
37 61 35
37 61 38
37 61 39
OD 609.6 (ND 600)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
75
126
182
274
360
540
57
100
138
198
273
413
41
73
100
155
197
300
52
79
116
180
210
233
366
49
76
110
170
200
221
347
46
77
108
164
198
344
413
38
72
94
149
183
302
380
27
53
68
108
133
195
277
30
50
60
70
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
60
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
70
605
620
650
690
690
690
700
715
715
750
750
750
790
715
715
730
755
755
795
795
750
770
780
805
740
755
730
740
755
775
785
820
755
730
750
750
790
790
755
770
170
170
230
330
310
330
145
175
180
240
240
250
330
145
175
180
230
240
330
390
130
136
180
260
230
250
110
136
136
180
190
190
250
110
136
136
180
190
250
290
16
16
16
16
21
21
16
16
16
21
21
21
26
16
16
16
21
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
50
73
120
205
250
310
55
81
104
170
207
230
375
55
80
105
168
206
370
455
Type
37 66 11
37 66 12
37 66 13
37 66 14
37 66 17
37 66 18
37 66 21
37 66 22
37 66 23
37 66 24
37 66 25
37 66 26
37 66 28
37 66 31
37 66 32
37 66 33
37 66 34
37 66 35
37 66 38
37 66 39
OD 660.4 (ND 650)
3.29
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
Type 37 .. .8/9
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
75
126
182
275
335
540
57
96
138
200
244
414
41
68
100
156
188
300
52
79
116
182
212
235
368
49
76
110
172
202
223
350
47
78
109
165
199
345
415
38
72
94
150
184
302
383
27
54
68
109
134
195
278
30
50
60
70
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
60
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
70
635
650
680
720
720
720
725
745
745
770
770
770
815
740
740
755
780
780
825
825
800
825
835
860
880
810
780
795
810
830
840
875
810
780
805
805
845
845
810
825
170
170
230
330
330
330
145
175
180
240
240
250
330
145
175
180
230
240
330
390
130
136
180
260
260
250
110
136
136
180
190
190
250
110
136
136
180
190
250
290
16
16
16
16
21
21
16
16
16
21
21
21
26
16
16
16
21
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
8
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
53
75
124
211
240
325
58
85
110
177
215
240
390
59
84
109
173
215
385
475
Type
37 71 11
37 71 12
37 71 13
37 71 14
37 71 15
37 71 18
37 71 21
37 71 22
37 71 23
37 71 24
37 71 25
37 71 26
37 71 28
37 71 31
37 71 32
37 71 33
37 71 34
37 71 35
37 71 38
37 71 39
OD 711.2 (ND 700)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
75
125
182
280
335
400
540
56
100
138
216
244
300
414
41
70
100
156
188
236
300
51
79
116
182
236
370
49
76
110
173
223
350
47
78
109
166
200
347
417
38
73
95
151
185
305
385
28
53
69
110
135
197
280
30
50
60
70
70
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
70
665
680
710
750
750
750
750
760
775
775
800
800
845
765
765
780
805
805
850
850
850
875
885
910
930
935
860
830
845
860
880
925
860
830
855
855
895
895
860
875
170
170
230
330
330
330
330
145
175
180
240
250
330
145
175
180
230
240
330
390
130
136
180
260
260
260
250
110
136
136
180
190
250
110
136
136
180
190
250
290
16
16
16
16
21
21
21
16
16
16
21
21
26
16
16
16
21
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
56
80
128
222
247
270
345
62
90
113
185
245
410
62
87
113
180
222
405
500
Type
37 76 11
37 76 12
37 76 13
37 76 14
37 76 15
37 76 16
37 76 18
37 76 21
37 76 22
37 76 23
37 76 24
37 76 26
37 76 28
37 76 31
37 76 32
37 76 33
37 76 34
37 76 35
37 76 38
37 76 39
OD 762.0 (ND 750)
3.30
3
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
Type 37 .. .8/9
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMP
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
74
125
181
280
335
400
540
56
100
137
215
244
300
413
40
71
100
156
188
235
300
51
79
116
182
236
370
49
76
110
173
224
350
47
78
110
166
201
350
420
38
73
95
153
186
306
387
28
54
69
107
135
198
280
30
50
60
70
70
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
70
700
715
745
785
785
785
785
790
805
805
830
830
875
790
790
805
830
830
875
875
905
925
935
960
980
985
910
880
895
910
930
975
910
880
905
910
945
945
910
925
170
170
230
330
330
330
330
145
175
180
240
250
330
145
175
180
230
240
330
390
130
136
180
260
260
260
250
110
136
136
180
190
250
110
136
136
180
190
250
290
16
16
16
16
21
21
21
16
16
16
21
21
26
16
16
16
21
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
59
84
134
230
255
280
360
65
95
118
190
255
430
65
92
117
185
230
420
520
Type
37 81 11
37 81 12
37 81 13
37 81 14
37 81 15
37 81 16
37 81 18
37 81 21
37 81 22
37 81 23
37 81 24
37 81 26
37 81 28
37 81 31
37 81 32
37 81 33
37 81 34
37 81 35
37 81 38
37 81 39
OD 812.8 (ND 800)
max.
Load gr. 250 350 450 500 510 530 560 100
74
120
181
280
335
400
540
56
94
137
216
244
300
413
40
67
100
156
188
236
300
52
80
117
184
238
374
450
49
77
111
174
226
354
425
47
78
109
168
203
350
420
38
73
96
149
188
307
388
28
54
66
97
137
200
283
30
50
60
70
70
70
70
30
50
50
60
60
70
70
30
30
50
60
60
70
70
760
775
805
845
845
845
845
840
855
855
880
880
925
925
850
850
865
880
880
935
935
1005
1030
1040
1060
1080
1090
1010
985
995
1010
1030
1080
1010
1020
985
1005
1010
1045
1045
1010
1025
170
170
230
330
330
330
330
145
175
180
240
250
330
390
145
175
180
230
240
330
390
130
136
180
260
260
260
250
110
136
136
180
190
250
290
110
136
136
180
190
250
290
16
16
16
16
21
21
21
16
16
16
21
21
26
26
16
16
16
21
21
26
26
6
7
8
9
9
9
9
6
7
7
8
8
9
9
6
6
7
8
8
9
9
66
93
144
240
270
295
390
72
103
125
200
270
460
555
73
101
126
195
240
455
570
OD 914.4 (ND 900)
Type
37 91 11
37 91 12
37 91 13
37 91 14
37 91 15
37 91 16
37 91 18
37 91 21
37 91 22
37 91 23
37 91 24
37 91 26
37 91 28
37 91 29
37 91 31
37 91 32
37 91 33
37 91 34
37 91 35
37 91 38
37 91 39
3.31
LISEGA dynamic pipe clamps are supplied
ready for installation complete with all the
nuts and bolts required.
It is recommended that units be stored only
in closed rooms. If storage in the open is
unavoidable, they must be protected from
dirt and moisture.
Prevention of twisting
To prevent the clamp from twisting, it is
recommended that a shear lug be welded
to the pipe (see also page 3.19).
The lug dimensions can be found in the
selection tables for dynamic clamps on
pages 3.21 3.30.
Type 36
This design has a solid upper yoke with inte-
grated connection bracket and, depending on
the load range, one or two U-bolts with inlay
plate are provided.
For installation, remove the preassembled
U-bolts. Then place the yoke over the shear
lug. Reassemble the U-bolt and inlay from
the opposite side, tightening the nuts only
lightly at first. Then check and position the
clamp as required. Finally, the nuts can be
properly tightened and countered.
DYNAMIC PIPE CLAMPS
INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
Type 37
This is the heavier type for larger pipe dia-
meters and higher loads. Normally, the
bracket type 35 is welded to the upper yoke.
If the bracket is supplied loose on customer
request, it must be welded on site following
the welding instructions on page 3.16. The
counterpart to the yoke consists of one or
two flat steel straps depending on load. The
straps are pinned to the yoke to make trans-
port easier. For installation, the straps must
be removed from the forked blocks by loo-
sening the pin connection. The yoke is
placed on the shear lug. From the opposite
side the flat steel strap is fitted into the bolt-
on clevises, fixed with the pins and secured
by cotter pins. The clamp is then checked and
positioned as required.
Finally the nuts are properly tightened. The
hex nuts must be locked in position by ben-
ding the tab washers to prevent uninten-
tional loosing.
Type 36 .. .1/2/3
Type 37 .. .1/2/3/4/5/6
Type 36 .. .4/5
Type 37 .. .7/8/9
3.32
3
Short lived but high magnitude fluid transient
loads can be compensated by smaller, defined
support loads. As a result, if energy absor-
bers are installed, any reinforcement of exis-
ting structures can be dispensed with.
In new constructions, the load limitation
permits a more economical use of steel right
from the start.
Replacement for box frame constructions
Energy absorbers are ideally suited to the
guidance and limitation of thermal move-
ments. This way, not only are the usual and
often expensive box frame constructions not
required, but frictional forces between the
piping and the frame are also avoided.
Pipe whip restraint
An ideal application for energy absorbers is
as protection from pipe whip. When used in
angular arrangements, large forces can be
absorbed. The direction of defined lines of
force can be determined by the arrangement.
The advantage over U-bolt designs consists
in the far less restricted effective radius.
ENERGY ABSORBER
TYPE 32
A fully deve-
loped concept is
needed for the best pos-
sible protection of plant components
against pressure shocks. In the specific use
of the most appropriate components, safety
and economic efficiency need not exclude
each other.
Field of application
The field of application for LISEGA energy
absorbers lies roughly between the LISEGA
rigid struts and shock absorbers. Energy ab-
sorbers are used just like these components,
to suppress abrupt displacements in piping
or other components. In contrast to rigid
struts and shock absorbers, energy absorbers
are equipped with an adjustable free stroke
(0 30mm) allowing slight thermal move-
ments without any resistance.
Conversion into deformation energy
After passing through the free stroke, possible
pressure shocks are absorbed by limiting
stops, and up to a defined load maximum
(nominal load) are transferred to the surroun-
ding structure. Forces in excess of this or
peaks of force are converted into deformation
energy by the energy absorbers, rather than
loading the other attached components.
Piping displacements within the adjusted range
of the free stroke are acceptable, provided
that the permissible stresses are not thereby
exceeded. If necessary, corresponding proof
must be supplied. Special software and
advice can be offered if required.
Maintenance-free use
LISEGA energy absorbers are ideal for dealing
with small or negligible thermal movements
when connected components are to be pro-
tected from dynamic overload in a controlled
manner. The energy absorbers contain no
wear parts of any kind, and therefore re-
quire no maintenance.
Protection from water hammer
Energy absorbers are ideal for protecting
other connected components against pos-
sible water hammer.
3.33
Energy absorber used instead of a dual guide.
The box frame can be dispensed with.
Analysis of piping behavior
Where energy absorbers are used, the GAPP
program can be applied to perform seismic
and fluid transient analysis. GAPP allows
piping to displace within the permissible tole-
rance for the movements. For the load event,
the specific load limiting property of energy
absorbers is taken into account.
In response spectrum analyses, the program
reproduces an equivalent linear spring charac-
teristic to approximate to the non-linear situa-
tion. When fluid transient analyses are per-
formed, the program uses time history
methods.
The unique capacity of the energy absor-
ber to take up and convert kinetic energy
brings the user valuable benefits:
limitation of dynamic loads for attached
components
lighter steel constructions enabled
no need to strengthen auxiliary
structures
small installation dimensions minimize
danger of interference
thermal piping movement not impeded
no maintenance required due to
absence of wear parts
no recurrent testing required
simple installation via length
adjustment
Replacement of shock absorbers
Where thermal movements are relatively small,
energy absorbers constitute an ideal replace-
ment for earlier types of shock absorbers,
often prone to failure. In this way, costly
repairs and recurrent tests are avoided.
Development cooperation
The development of type 32 energy absor-
bers is the result of specific and successful
cooperation between SARGENT & LUNDY, a
leading American engineering company, and
LISEGA.
SARGENT & LUNDY also created the calcula-
tion software, or GAPP program. Both this
prog-ram and the energy absorbers themsel-
ves have been rigorously tested by the
American NRC (Nuclear Reactor Commission),
and approved for use in nuclear power stati-
ons.
3.34
3
flange
special lug
short
extension
extension kit
type 33
To enable energy absorbers to be fitted to existing
connections, an assortment of special adaptors is
available besides the standard extension (type 33)
3.35
ENERGY ABSORBERS TYPE 32
INSTALLATION DIMENSIONS
Individual use
The standard designs shown in the table do
not show the full scope of supply possibilities.
LISEGA can adapt the products to the special
requirements of the user.
When the nominal load is ex-
ceeded, the increased force and
movement is converted into de-
formation energy.
Maximum deformation travel
in the direction of tension and
compression.
Dimensions at the midpoint of
free strokes t1/t2, and a length
adjustment of A dimension.
When changing t2, E dimension
is either reduced or increased.
Order details:
Energy absorber
type 32 .. 16
t
1
= t
2
= mm
with two weld-on brackets
type 35 .. ..
Marking:
This especially relates to applications where
load and stroke exceed standard parameters.
total length adjustment min. thread engagement
indicator for absorbed energy free stroke adjustment
free stroke (tension) free stroke (compression)
on demand
Type
32 18 16
32 38 16
32 42 16
32 52 16
32 62 16
32 72 16
32 82 16
32 92 16
Nom.load
(kN)
t1 t2 D d3
3
8
18
46
100
200
350
550
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
6.5
9.5
12.5
56
60
80
115
130
195
250
10
12
15
20
30
50
60
300
355
440
490
575
715
945
18
50
58
65
100
130
165
15
20
22.5
30
45
60
75
9
10
12
16
22
35
44
8550
9550
12575
15075
16575
17575
22575
0-20
0-22
0-25
0-25
0-25
0-28
0-30
0-20
0-22
0-25
0-25
0-25
0-28
0-30
E A F R SG
Weight
(kg)
0.8
1.8
3.6
11.5
18.5
47.0
105.0
s
is required, using the adjustment device (H).
Corresponding procedures are repeatable up
to a maximum deformation travel (s).
Installation
The energy absorbers correspond to the
load groups in Product Group 3 (dynamic
components) and are correspondingly load
and connection compatible with other
connection components of this product
group. Attention is drawn to the notices on
pages 3.3 and 3.15 to 3.16.
Functional qualification
The LISEGA energy absorbers have undergone
a stringent test program to prove their func-
tional reliability. Adequate safety margins
have been proven by numerous dynamic
and static loading tests.
3.36
3
MODE OF OPERATION
An energy absorber works via an adjustable
free stroke that absorbs thermal movements.
The adjustment of this free stroke can be
made in the range of 25 mm (for a medium
sized design). Within this range the pipe is
free to move without resistance. Dynamic
shocks, on the other hand, are limited in
their movement by stops. The resulting forces
are transferred to the surrounding structures
up to the given nominal load, and when
above that, are transformed into deforma-
tion energy by the energy absorber. This
has the effect of providing a controlled pro-
tection from overload for the attached com-
ponents.
The unit consists of an austenitic outer sleeve
(A) with a defined undersize, into which
tapered bronze disks (B) have been force
fitted. The outer sleeve is closed off with a
base plate (C), onto which the connection
lug (D) is attached. Forces are transferred
throughout the whole unit by the stops (E)
and the shaft (F).
In the event of a dynamic force exceeding
the insertion force of the tapered disks
(nominal load), the disk affected is driven
forward and leads to an expansion of the
sleeve. This way, the excess forces are kept
clear of the attachment structures via con-
version into deformation energy. If such a
process has occurred, the advance of the
tapered disk affected can be read off on the
indicator rod (G). For further use of the ener-
gy absorber, only a corresponding readjust-
ment of the free stroke for the new position
ENERGY ABSORBER
MODE OF OPERATION
wedge B
free stroke (tension) free stroke (compression)
total length adjustment
free stroke adjustment H indicator for absorbed energy G
F
E A C
D
stroke s / mm
l
o
a
d

F

/

k
N
Tested load/travel characteristics on oscillating loadings
nominal load.
50
30
10
-10
-30
-50
-3 -2 -1
1 2 3
The strut bodies are manufactured in stan-
dard lengths. This way, LISEGA rigid struts
are available from stock, TV qualification
tested and ASME qualified.
LISEGA rigid struts differ from ordinary
designs by offering the following
advantages:
length adjustable by left hand / right
hand threads
no welding
secure locking of joints due to fine
threads
favorable performance weight ratios
qualification tested by independent
authority
Tasks
LISEGA rigid struts type 39 have a number
of important functions for the operational
safety of piping systems:
Absorption of shocks from unexpected
load events. (See page 3.1)
Guidance of pipe systems to control
direction of calculated thermal displace-
ment direction.
Stabilization of flexible pipe systems by
fixing the so-called zero positions.
Design of axial stops
(movable fixed points).
Mode of operation
Rigid struts form rigid connections with ball
bushings between the piping and structure.
No restriction is placed on the limited move-
ment of the pipe within the angular displace-
ment of the strut. Any movement in the axial
direction of the strut is suppressed.
Design
The struts consist of a rigid body with a ball
bushing joint as a connection at both ends.
The structural attachment is formed by a weld-
on bracket type 35 (see page 3.8). The con-
nection to the piping is formed by the approp-
riate dynamic clamp type 36 / 37 (see pages
3.21 - 3.30).
The body is made from a tube tapered at the
ends by forging. The shape corresponds to
the flux of force, and allows a favorable per-
formance/ weight ratio. Welding has been
completely dispensed with. The connections
are designed as ball bushing joints with
turnbuckle function having left hand / right
hand threads and enable a
length adjustment in
a range of
150 or
300 mm. Flat
faces are forged on the
body to allow a proper use of
wrench and facilitate length adjustments
in the installed condition. Fine threads are
used on the ball bushing joints to ensure
secure locking.
RIGID STRUTS
TYPE 39
3.37
In modern support concepts,
rigid struts play an impor-
tant role in the optimum
support system under all
operating conditions.
Secure and reliable posi-
tioning is a key element in
its operational safety and
long life.
3.38
3
Minimum engagement marked
with groove in thread.
Width of ball bushing
Has to be completed with
length indication (4
th
and 5
th
digit
of type number, see page 3.39)
The rigid strut with right/left-
hand threads can be length
adjusted like a turnbuckle
Shorter E dimensions are avai-
lable as a special design
Tube 115 up to E-middle =
2750, spanner width 100
Tube 127 from E-middle =
2750, spanner width 110
Order details:
Rigid strut type 39 .. ..
Material:
Joints
P250GH / C45E + QT /
S355J2G3
Tube
P235G11TH / P355T1
ball bushing joint
right hand thread left hand thread
minimum thread engagement
Type
39 2. .4
39 3. .4
39 4. .4
39 5. .4
39 6. .4
39 7. .4
39 8. .4
39 9. .3
39 0. .3
Nom. load
(kN)
A D d3
E
min
SW1 SW2 SG
E
max
4
8
18
46
100
200
350
550
1000
30
38
42
60
82
120
150
210
280
38
43
57
61
83
102
115
115
159
10
12
15
20
30
50
60
70
100
300
300
300
400
400
500
750
800
1000
1900
2150
2400
2400
2900
3400
3400
3650
4150
27
32
36
60
60
70
95
110
155
9
10
12
16
22
35
44
49
70
32
36
46
50
70
85
100
100
135

The type designation has to
be completed in the 3rd digit by
the load group.
RIGID STRUTS
TYPE 39
3.39
Selection
When selecting rigid struts from the following
tables, the following should be observed:
1. The given operating load must be covered
by the nominal load.
2. The nominal load determines the load
group at the same time.
3. The suitable adjustment range must be
selected for the given installation length.
4. The weight is shown at the intersection
of load group and adjustment range.
If the intersection is below the dividing
line, it is a case of an overlength with
reduced load which must be checked in
the table on page 3.40 for conformity
with the given operating load.
5. For ordering, the type number must be
completed at the 3rd digit with the number
of the load group.
Nom. load (kN)
46
Load group
5
Weight (kg)
6.4
7.1
8.0
10
12
14
16
17
19
21
23
(25)
(27)
(29)
(31)
E-middle
375
475
575
750
825
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
3750
4000
4250
4500
4750
5000
8
3
1.9
2.3
2.7
3.1
4.2
5.2
6.3
7.5
8.5
(9.5)
(11 )
18
4
2.7
3.4
4,0
6,3
8.0
9.5
11
13
14
16
18
19
(21)
(22)
(24)
100
6
9.5
11
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
48
52
56
60
(64)
(68)
(72)
(76)
200
7
18
21
27
33
39
45
51
57
64
70
76
82
89
95
101
107
113
119
(126)
350
8
42
46
56
65
75
85
94
104
114
123
133
143
152
162
172
181
191
200
Adjustment-
range
300 - 450
400 - 550
500 - 650
600 - 900
750 - 900
850 - 1150
1100 - 1400
1350 - 1650
1600 - 1900
1850 - 2150
2100 - 2400
2350 - 2650
2600 - 2900
2850 - 3150
3100 - 3400
3350 - 3650
3600 - 3900
3850 - 4150
4100 - 4400
4350 - 4650
4600 - 4900
4850 - 5150
Type
39 .0 34
39 .0 44
39 .0 54
39 .0 74
39 .0 84
39 .1 04
39 .1 24
39 .1 54
39 .1 74
39 .2 04
39 .2 24
39 .2 54
39 .2 74
39 .3 04
39 .3 24
39 .3 54
39 .3 74
39 .4 04
39 .4 24
39 .4 54
39 .4 74
39 .5 04
Permissible load and weights
lengths at reduced loads
see page 3.40
number in ( ) slenderness ratio
150 200
Adjustment-
range
800 - 950
900 - 1050
1000 - 1150
1100 - 1250
1200 - 1350
1300 - 1450
1100 - 1400
1350 - 1650
1600 - 1900
1850 - 2150
2100 - 2400
2350 - 2650
2600 - 2900
2850 - 3150
3100 - 3400
3350 - 3650
3600 - 3900
3850 - 4150
4100 - 4400
4350 - 4650
4600 - 4900
4850 - 5150
5100 - 5400
5350 - 5650
5600 - 5900
5850 - 6150
Nom. load (kN)
Load group
Weight (kg)
550
9
68
72
77
87
100
114
128
142
156
169
183
241
259
277
295
313
331
349
368
385
(403)
(420)
1000
0
175
183
191
200
212
236
260
284
308
332
355
379
403
427
450
475
500
525
545
570
595
620
640
E-middle
875
975
1075
1175
1275
1375
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
2750
3000
3250
3500
3750
4000
4250
4500
4750
5000
5250
5500
5750
6000
4
2
1.3
1.7
2.0
2.4
3.2
4.0
4.9
5.8
(6.6)
(7.5)
Type
39 .083
39 .093
39 .103
39 .113
39 .123
39 .133
39 .123
39 .153
39 .173
39 .203
39 .223
39 .253
39 .273
39 .303
39 .323
39 .353
39 .373
39 .403
39 .423
39 .453
39 .473
39 .503
39 .523
39 .553
39 .573
39 .603
3.40
3
Table of permissible normal loads at normal / excess lengths
The adjacent diagram indi-
cates the reduced load values
as against nominal load that
are to be considered in the
event of overlengths.
Angled arrangement of rigid struts Stock of rigid struts
1000
800
600
500
400
300
200
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
1000
800
600
500
400
300
200
100
80
60
50
40
30
20
10
8
6
5
4
3
2
1
2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
length (mm)
broken line: slenderness ratio: 150 200
l
o
a
d

(
k
N
)
390..3
399..3
397..4
398..4
396..4
395..4
394..4
393..4
392..4
PIPE WHIP RESTRAINTS
3.41
Pipe whip restraints
One speciality in the area of dynamic pipe
supports is the pipe whip restraint. Alongside
the energy absorber type 32, which provides
the optimum solution to this problem, a
U-bolt design for specially large loads has
proven to be highly successful.
Pipe whip restraints are exclusively used in
the nuclear industry. They dampen and absorb
the kinetic energy of bursting pipes in emer-
gency cases. For this purpose, the elonga-
tion capacity of the encompassing U-bolts is
used, as they are designed to absorb the
expected dynamic loads.
Pipe whip restraints have safety-related sig-
nificance and are subject to the highest de-
mands in quality, design and manufacture.
As a large scale supplier to the latest gene-
ration of nuclear plants, LISEGA has success-
fully proven its qualification to supply this
specific design.

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