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Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

The bridge deck is designed as composite concrete construction, where pre-cast concrete
units used as permanent form works are combined with added in-situ concrete to resist
flexure.
The pre-cast unit is 75mm thick, and the in-situ concrete is 175mm thick, giving the deck
a combined thickness of 250mm.

2.1 THE PRECAST CONCRETE UNITS


The pre-cast concrete slab unit is cast in strips measuring 1.0m wide, and spanning from
one beam girder to the other.
They are designed to withstand their own weight, the dead load of the in-situ concrete part
of the slab being supported by the pre-cast unit during construction, and a conservative
imposed loading during construction works.
Two types of pre-cast slab are available, TYPE A & TYPE B.

2.1.1 LOADING
Precast Slab thickness

75 mm

In-situ concrete thickness

175 mm

1.80 KN/m2

1. Dead Load, Gk
a.

Self Weight of Pre-cast unit

b.

Weight of In-situ Concrete

=
=

4.20 KN/m2
6.00

KN/m2

2. Imposed Loading, Qk
A nominal imposed loading is considered, purely for the movement of men and materials
during the laying of reinforcement and casting of the insitu concrete
Use an Imposed load, Qk

2.00

KN/m2

3. Design Loading, w
Design udl = 1.6Qk +1.4Gk

11.60 KN/m2

2.1.2 THE PRECAST CONCRETE SLAB TYPE A

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

They are designed as simply supported, to span between girders.


Therefore Span Length

2.40 Lm

Maximum Shear Force, V1

13.92 KN

Design Moment

8.352 KNm

DESIGN FOR BENDING


Design as a rectangular - beam

8.352 KNm

Span Length

2,400 mm

Depth of slab/deck

75 mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


beam depth, h

75 mm

width of beam web, bw

1000 mm

cover to reinforcement, d'

25.0 mm

reinforcement size, f

20.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

6.0 mm

effective depth, d

1000

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
effective width, b

75 mm

a.

Design Moment

34 mm
bw
1,000 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

M/bdfcu

therefore, k

1997

since k'

fcu

0.181

0.156

40 N/mm

it implies that compression steel required.


use z
c.

0.775 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As '

410 N/mm
(k-k')fcu bd/(0.87fy.(d-d'))
Apply

=
T 10

(As prov. =

As

(As prov. =

DESIGN FOR SHEAR

200

mm centres

393 mm)

{k'fcubd/(0.87fy.Z)} + As'
Apply

355 mm

=
T 20

1,571 mm)

1,122 mm
200

mm centres

mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
i.

ii.

2.0

Design Shear Force ,V

BRIDGE DECK

Design Shear Stress, v

Design shear Force

V/bd

0.8(fcu)

Checks:

5.060

0.409 N/mm

40 N/mm

N/mm

design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc

(should not be < 1.00)

4.620

0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25

=
iv.

13.920 KN

=
fcu

iii.

OUTPUT

11.765 Use 400/d

1.949

11.76

N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

0.409 N/mm

vc

1.949 N/mm

vc + 0.4 =

2.349 N/mm

i.e. 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

fyv

410 N/mm

1.121

4 Leg stirrup
T 10

and Asv/Sv provided =

250 mm centres

1.257

2.1.2 THE PRECAST CONCRETE SLAB TYPE B


They are designed to be simply supported, to span at the girders and to also have an overhang of 700mm.
Therefore Span Length

2.40 Lm

Cantilever Span

0.70 m

Maximum Shear Force, V1

22.04 KN

Design Span Moment

8.352 KNm

Design Cantilever Moment

2.842 KNm

DESIGN FOR BENDING (MAIN SPAN)


Design as a rectangular - beam
Design Moment

8.352 KNm

Span Length

2,400 mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

2.0

BRIDGE DECK

Depth of slab/deck

75 mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


beam depth, h

75 mm

width of beam web, bw

1000 mm

mm

cover to reinforcement, d'

25.0 mm

75

a.

OUTPUT

reinforcement size, f

20.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

6.0 mm

effective depth, d

mm

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
effective width, b

1000

34 mm
bw
1,000 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

M/bdfcu

therefore, k

1997

since k'

fcu

0.181

0.156

40 N/mm

it implies that compression steel required.


use z
c.

0.775 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As '

410 N/mm
(k-k')fcu bd/(0.87fy.(d-d'))

Apply

T 10

(As prov. =

As

355 mm
200

mm centres TOP

393 mm)

{k'fcubd/(0.87fy.Z)} + As'

Apply

T 20

(As prov. =

1,122 mm
200

mm centres BOTTOM

1,571 mm)

DESIGN FOR SHEAR (TYPE B SLAB)


i.

Design shear Force


Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

Design Shear Stress, v

=
=

V/bd

=
fcu

Checks:

0.8(fcu)

5.060

=
N/mm

22.040 KN
0.648 N/mm
40 N/mm
design okay with respect to shear

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
iii.

2.0

BRIDGE DECK

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc

(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


=

iv.

OUTPUT

4.620

(should not be < 1.00)

0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25

11.765 Use 400/d

1.949

11.76

N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

0.648 N/mm

vc

1.949 N/mm

vc + 0.4 =

2.349 N/mm

i.e. 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

fyv

410 N/mm

1.121

4 Leg stirrup
T 10

and Asv/Sv provided =

250 mm centres

1.257

DESIGN FOR BENDING (CANTILEVERED PORTION)


Design as a rectangular - beam

2.842 KNm

Span Length

700 mm

Depth of slab/deck

75 mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


beam depth, h

75 mm

width of beam web, bw

1000 mm

mm

cover to reinforcement, d'

25.0 mm

75

a.

Design Moment

reinforcement size, f

20.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

6.0 mm

effective depth, d

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
effective width, b

1000

34 mm
bw

mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

b.

2.0

BRIDGE DECK
1,000 mm

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

M/bdfcu

therefore, k

1997

OUTPUT

since k'

fcu

0.061

0.156

40 N/mm

it implies that compression steel not required.

ii.

d(0.5 + (0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)

use z
c.

0.926 d

0.926 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As

410 N/mm
M/(0.87fy.Z)

253 mm

Apply

T 12

(As prov. =

250

mm centres TOP

452 mm)

2.2 DESIGN OF IN-SITU CONCRETE


COMPONENT OF SLAB DECK
2.2.1
2.2.1

DECK GEOMETRY
MEMBER SIZING

The pier are braced and restrained at both ends


a.

width of deck

Effective Width , Le

carriageway width + walkway width

10,000mm

2 * 1,500

11.00m

b.

Total Depth of deck-slab

250 mm

c.

Depth of in-situ component of slab-deck

175 mm

d.

Depth of pre-cast concrete section

75 mm

2.2.2 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OF DECK


fig. 20.1;
L.S. Blake (ed),

Cross - section of bridge structure is a multiple web system.

Civ. Engr's Ref

This system consists of a concrete deck/slab supported on, and integral

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

with longitudinal concrete beams (girders).

Book (4th ed)

2.2.3

SPACING OF GIRDERS

Section 17.20,

"Girder spacing ranges from 7 to 9 feet. A deck slab overhang of about 2ft

F.S.Merritt (ed)

6ins is economical".

Std H/bk for

The girders which are designed as rectangular sections (inorder to ease


pre cast construction) have equal centre - centre of girder spacing as 2.40m,

Civ. Engrs.

and the edge - edge of girder as 2.20m, while the deck overhang is 700mm.

Fig 1: Sketch of the deck x-section

700

2 400

2.2.4

2 400

2 400

2 400

700

LOAD ANALYSIS

2.2.4.1

Dead loads, Gk (udl)

i.

Self weight of slab:

ii.

Weight of asphalt overlay:

24kN/m3 * 0.175m

TOTAL Gk

2
4.20 kN/m

2
1.15 kN/m

2
5.35 kN/m

2
6.153 kN/m

Clause 5.4

Design dead load

BS 5400:Part II:
1978

2.2.4.2
i.

Point Loads (dead) on cantilevered section: Pc

weight of walk ways/kerbs:


0.35m*0.70m*24KN/m3*1.15

ii.

6.76 KN

0.15m*1.50m*24KN/m*1.15

6.21 KN

TOTAL Pc

12.97 KN

Weight of concrete handrails

2
6.15 KN/m

12.97 KN

700

2 400

2 400

2 400

2 400

12.97 KN

700

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

Fig 2: Slab/Deck dead loads

2.2.4.3
Table 33;

i.

Dead Load Moments

Negative Cantilever Moments


(6.15KN/m2 *0.72*0.5)

10.59 KNm

udl per notional lane

30.00 KN/m

BS 5400:Part II:

width of carriageway

8.00 m

1978

number of notional lanes

(12.97KN * 0.70m)

Reynolds & Ste-

ed man : R.C
Designer's H/bk

2.2.4.4
Clause 3.2.9.3

i.

HA Live Loads

width of notional lanes

8.00m/3

2.667 m

2
16.88 KN/m

ultimate udl due to HA - live loads

Table 1

BS 5400:Part II:
1978

ii.

30/2.67

2
11.3 KN/m *

Knife Edge Loads (KEL)


ie

KEL

120/2.67

=
=

1.5

120KN per notional lane


45 KN/m *

1.5

67.5 KN/m

To achieve the maximum effect,place KEL at


* Free end of cantilevers, &
* mid - span of interior spans
67.5 KN/m

700

2400

84.7 KN

2400

107.76KN
72.9

72.9

67.5 KN/m

67.5 KN/m

2400

2400

107.76KN
72.9

16.9 KN/m2

700

84.7 KN

Fig 3: Sketch of HA - Live Loads

2.2.5

DESIGN MOMENTS & SHEAR

The bridge deck and girders are required to support both static and moving loads.
Each element of the bridge must therefore, be designed for the most severe conditions
that can possibly be developed by a member.

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

Live loads must be place where they will produce the most severe condition of loading.
The critical positions for placing live loads will not be the same for every member.
Influence lines are therefore used in determining the most severe condition for
loading. Influence lines are primarily used to determine where to place live loads to
cause the maximum effects.

An influence line for a particular response such as reactions, shear force, bending
moment axial force is defined as a diagram in which the ordinate at any point equals
the value of that response attributable to a unit load acting at that point on the
structure.
Influence lines provide a systematic procedure for determining how the force ( or
moment or shear force) in a given part of a structure varies as the applied load moves
about the structure.

2.2.5.1

Influence Lines for udl

This is used for plotting the influence lines for uniformly distributed loads such as
those due to dead loads, and for the udl portion of HA - live loads.
Influence lines for the bending moments at Support B (penultimate support) will be
first to be plotted.

2.2.5.1.1 Geometric Properties


i.

Stiffness Coefficients.
Assume a parabolic profile for the deck.

hc

Chapter 5.7,

rBhc

rChc

rA

rE

rB

rD

1.3

rC

1.5

Design of r.c.bdg;
Aswani, et al.

Fig. 5.25

with the above r values, the stiffness coefficients obtained from standard

rChc

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Bridge Deck

Member

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

2.0

kBA

kBC

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

charts for concrete bridges are:

Design of r.c.bdg;
Aswani, et al.

ii.

10.50

KDE

16.00

KDC

Carry - over factors

Fig. 5.24

Using the same r values, the carry-over factors are obtained by interpolation as

Design of r.c.bdg;

shown below:

Aswani, et al.

CAB

-0.905

CBC

-0.760

CCD

-0.071

CBA

-0.415

CCB

-0.710

CDC

-0.076

CDE

-0.415

CED

-0.905

However, since the end spans are discontinuous, the stiffness values are
modified inorder to make the applicable to the members.
The stiffness coefficient at the discontinuous end of the beam AB,which is
discontinuous at end A is
k

(1 - CABCBA)KBA

CAB &CBA arecarryover factors of ends A & B of member AB, while KBA is the

k'BA

iii.

[ 1 - (-0.905 * - 0.415)] * 10.50

6.56 =

k'DE

Distribution factors
We now compute the distribution factors using the stiffness coefficient:

DBA

kBA

6.56 / {6.56 + 16.00}

0.291

DDE

DDE

SkB

DBC

DCB

1 - DBA
KcB

0.709

16.00 / {16.00 + 16.00} =

DDC

0.5

Skc

DCD

1 - DCB

0.500

DDC

2.2.5.1.2 Final Support Moments due to udl.

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
i.

2.0

OUTPUT

MAB, MBA, MBC, ...

BRIDGE DECK
=

Final moments at the support

MAB, MBA, MBC, ...

Fixed end moments

CAB, CBA, CBC, ...

Carry - over factors

DAB, DBA, DBC, ...

Distribution factors

Notations

M1

MBA - CABMBA

M2

MBC - CCBMCB

M3

MCD - CDCMDC

M4

MDE - CEDMED

CBCDBCDCD

-0.760 * 0.709 * 0.500

-0.269

CBCCCBDBCDCB

-0.760 * -0.710 * 0.709 * 0.500

0.191

CCBDCBDBA

-0.710 * 0.500 * 0.291

-0.103

ii.

Numerical values of fixed end moments


a.

Fig. 5.35

Load in span AB

Design of r.c.bdg;

MAB

-0.060L

Aswani, et al.

MBA

-0.138L

b.

c.

d.

iii.

Load in span BC
MBC

-0.101L

MCB

-0.111L

Load in span CD
MCD

-0.111L

MDC

-0.101L

Load in span DE
MCD

-0.138L

MDC

-0.060L

Final support moments

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Member

Bridge Deck

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
a.

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

First span loaded (Span AB)


MB

(1 - DBA) - (2 - DBA)U

M1

1 - 2U
=

(1 - 0.291) - (2 -0.291)0.191

M1

0.619M1

[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]

But

M1

MB

0.619 [-0.138 - (-0.905 * -0.060)]L

-0.119L

b.

MBA - CABMAB

Second span loaded (Span BC)


MB

DBA(1 -U)MBC - WMCB


1 - 2U

0.291(1 - 0.191)MBC - - 0.103MCB


[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]

0.381MBC + 0.167MCB

Inserting the values for MBC & MCB,

MB

c.

(0.381 * -0.101)L + (0.167 * -0.111)L

-0.057L

Third span loaded (Span CD)


MB

- UDDEMDC + WMCD

(-0.191 * 0.291)MDC + (-0.103)MCD

1 - 2U
=

[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]

-0.090MDC - 0.167MCD

Inserting the values for MDC & MCD,

MB

d.

(0.090 * -0.101)L + (0.167 * -0.111)L

-0.028L

Fourth span loaded (Span DE)


MB

UDDE
1-U

0.090M4

M4

0.191 * 0.291
[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]

M4

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

M4

MB

0.090 [-0.138 - (-0.905 * -0.060)]L

-0.017L

d.

MDE - CEDMDC

Value of MB when all spans are loaded


=

BRIDGE DECK

But

OUTPUT

( -0.119 - 0.057 - 0.028 - 0.017)L

But L

2.40m

MB

-0.114 * 2.40

-0.114L

-0.657KNm

Bending Moment at various sections due to the application of unit load.


after calculating the bending moment at support B, the bending moment
at various sections is now computed due to the application of unit load.
This is as tabulate below:

Section

Calculations

0.0

BM ordinates (KNm)
0.000

0.1

{(9/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.0657

0.194

0.2

{(16/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.1314

0.329

0.3

{(21/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.1971

0.408

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Member

Bridge Deck

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
0.4

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

{(24/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.2628

0.428

{(25/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.3285

0.392

0.6

{(24/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.3942

0.297

0.7

{(21/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.4599

0.145

0.8

{(16/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.5256

-0.065

0.9

{(9/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.5913

-0.332

1.0

MB = -0.657

-0.657

1.1

{(9/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

-0.398

1.2

{(16/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

-0.196

1.3

{(21/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

-0.052

1.4

{(24/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

0.034

1.5

{(25/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

0.063

1.6

{(24/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

0.034

1.7

{(21/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

-0.052

1.8

{(16/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

-0.196

1.9

{(9/25) * (2.40/8)} - 0.6570

-0.398

0.5

2.0

0.000
BM Influence Line Diagram For udl

0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

-0.200
-0.400

-0.600
-0.800

2.5.2 HA - live loads udl moments.


from sections 2.2.4 of this report,
the ultimate udl due to HA loading

16.875 KN/m2

Using this influence ordinate table above, we now compute the various moments

19

20

21

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

as below;

a.

b.

BRIDGE DECK

Support moments
influence line ordinate

-0.657 KNm

design HA udl live load

16.875 KN/m2

-11.09 KNm

HA udl support moments

Span moments

maximum span moment occurs at 0.4L (1st span) and at 3.6L (4th span)

influence line ordinate

0.428 KNm

design HA udl live load

16.875 KN/m2

7.22 KNm

HA udl span moments

2.3.4 Dead load udl moments.


from section 2.2.4 of this report,
the udl due to dead loading is

6.15 KN/m

Using this influence ordinate table above, we now compute the various moments
as below;
a.

Support moments
influence line ordinate

-0.657 KNm

design dead load udl

6.1525 KN/m2

dead load udl support moments

=
=

b.

-4.04 KNm

Span moments

maximum span moment occurs at 0.4L (1st span) and at 2.6L (3rd span)

influence line ordinate

0.428 KNm

design dead load udl

6.1525 KN/m2

dead load udl span moments

=
=

2.4

2.63 KNm

Influence Lines for Point Loads

OUTPUT

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

The point loads are due primarily to either HA live loads or the HB live loads.

The beam girder is designed to be continuous over three spans, and has a constant
moment of inertia over all the spans. We can therfore, plot the influence lines using
standard influence line tables for a three span continuous beam.

The following assumptions are made in the analysis of the continuous bridge girders
before using the standard influence tables:
*

The girder is simply supported at the supports and monolithic with the
supports.

Rocker or roller bearings are provided at all supports.

Find below the influence line tables and charts at sections 0.1L to 1.5L
We prepared the influence charts only upto 1.5L as the loading is symmetrical over
the three spans.

Influence Line ordinates for BM at Support B (MB).


Influence Ordinate BMD @ 1st Internal Support
0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L
1.0L

0.0
-0.0258
-0.0502
-0.0718
-0.0874
-0.1000
-0.0994
-0.0928
-0.0742
-0.0408
0.0

0.0
-0.0619
-0.1205
-0.1723
-0.2098
-0.2400
-0.2386
-0.2227
-0.1781
-0.0979
0.0

0.1
0.1
0.0
1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L
1.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

-0.0341
-0.0612
-0.0738
-0.0764
-0.0740
-0.0614
-0.0474
-0.0306
-0.0150
0.0
0.0063
0.0126
0.0189
0.0206
0.0200
0.0170
0.0135
0.0090
0.0045
0.0
-0.0014
-0.0028
-0.0042
-0.0056
-0.0070
-0.0056
-0.0042
-0.0028
-0.0014
0.0

-0.0818
-0.1469
-0.1771
-0.1834
-0.1776
-0.1474
-0.1138
-0.0734
-0.0360
0.0
0.0151
0.0302
0.0454
0.0494
0.0480
0.0408
0.0324
0.0216
0.0108
0.0
-0.0034
-0.0067
-0.0101
-0.0134
-0.0168
-0.0134
-0.0101
-0.0067
-0.0034
0.0

-0.3
-0.3

Influence
Influence line
line
ordinates
coefficient

0.0
0.0072
0.0138
0.0192
0.0234
0.0270
0.0270
0.0252
0.0198
0.0108
0.0

0.0
0.0173
0.0331
0.0461
0.0562
0.0648
0.0648
0.0605
0.0475
0.0259
0.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at Support C (Mc).


Influence Ordinate BMD @ 2nd Internal Support
0.1

0.1

0.0
1
-0.1

-0.1

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

-0.1

2.0

1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

-0.0167
-0.0340
-0.0520
-0.0668
-0.0800
-0.0830
-0.0802
-0.0658
-0.0366
0.0
-0.0255
-0.0510
-0.0765
-0.0830
-0.0800
-0.0668
-0.0522
-0.0348
-0.0174
0.0
0.0052
0.0104
0.0156
0.0208
0.0260
0.0208
0.0156
0.0104
0.0052
0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L
1.0L

0.0
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.0

-0.0401
-0.0816
-0.1248
-0.1603
-0.1920
-0.1992
-0.1925
-0.1579
-0.0878
0.0
-0.0612
-0.1224
-0.1836
-0.1992
-0.1920
-0.1603
-0.1253
-0.0835
-0.0418
0.0
0.0125
0.0250
0.0374
0.0499
0.0624
0.0499
0.0374
0.0250
0.0125
0.0

-0.2

BRIDGE DECK

-0.2

-0.3

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0026
-0.0050
-0.0072
-0.0087
-0.0100
-0.0099
-0.0093
-0.0074
-0.0041
0.0

Date___december '04

0.0
0.0874
0.0750
0.0628
0.0513
0.0400
0.0301
0.0207
0.0126
0.0059
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.2098
0.1800
0.1508
0.1230
0.0960
0.0721
0.0497
0.0302
0.0142
0.0

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.1L


(0.240m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.1L


0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

OUTPUT

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L
1.0L

0.0
0.08
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.0

-0.0034
-0.0061
-0.0074
-0.0076
-0.0074
-0.0061
-0.0047
-0.0031
-0.0015
0.0
0.0006
0.0013
0.0019
0.0021
0.0020
0.0017
0.0014
0.0009
0.0005
0.0
-0.0001
-0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0006
-0.0007
-0.0006
-0.0004
-0.0003
-0.0001
0.0

-0.0034
-0.0061
-0.0074
-0.0076
-0.0074
-0.0061
-0.0047
-0.0031
-0.0015
0.0
0.0006
0.0013
0.0019
0.0021
0.0020
0.0017
0.0014
0.0009
0.0005
0.0
-0.0001
-0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0006
-0.0007
-0.0006
-0.0004
-0.0003
-0.0001
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0052
-0.0100
-0.0144
-0.0175
-0.0200
-0.0199
-0.0186
-0.0148
-0.0082
0.0

0.0
0.0748
0.1500
0.1256
0.1025
0.0800
0.0601
0.0414
0.0252
0.0118
0.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

-0.0082
-0.0147
-0.0177
-0.0183
-0.0178
-0.0147
-0.0114
-0.0073
-0.0036
0.0
0.0015
0.0030
0.0045
0.0049
0.0048
0.0041
0.0032
0.0022
0.0011
0.0
-0.0003
-0.0007
-0.0010
-0.0013
-0.0017
-0.0013
-0.0010
-0.0007
-0.0003
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.1796
0.3599
0.3015
0.2460
0.1920
0.1443
0.0995
0.0604
0.0284
0.0

0.1

0.0
1

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41

-0.1

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.2L


(0.480m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.2L


0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

0.0
0.07
0.14
0.21
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.03

-0.0068
-0.0122
-0.0148
-0.0153
-0.0148
-0.0123
-0.0095
-0.0061
-0.0030
0.0
0.0013
0.0025
0.0038
0.0041
0.0040
0.0034
0.0027
0.0018
0.0009
0.0
-0.0003
-0.0006
-0.0008
-0.0011
-0.0014
-0.0011
-0.0008
-0.0006
-0.0003
0.0

-0.0068
-0.0122
-0.0148
-0.0153
-0.0148
-0.0123
-0.0095
-0.0061
-0.0030
0.0
0.0013
0.0025
0.0038
0.0041
0.0040
0.0034
0.0027
0.0018
0.0009
0.0
-0.0003
-0.0006
-0.0008
-0.0011
-0.0014
-0.0011
-0.0008
-0.0006
-0.0003
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0077
-0.0151
-0.0215
-0.0262
-0.0300
-0.0298
-0.0278
-0.0223
-0.0122

0.0
0.0623
0.1249
0.1885
0.1538
0.1200
0.0902
0.0622
0.0377
0.0178

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

-0.0164
-0.0294
-0.0354
-0.0367
-0.0355
-0.0295
-0.0228
-0.0147
-0.0072
0.0
0.0030
0.0060
0.0091
0.0099
0.0096
0.0082
0.0065
0.0043
0.0022
0.0
-0.0007
-0.0013
-0.0020
-0.0027
-0.0034
-0.0027
-0.0020
-0.0013
-0.0007
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.1494
0.2999
0.4523
0.3691
0.2880
0.2164
0.1492
0.0906
0.0426

0.1
0.1
0.0

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41

-0.1
-0.1

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.3L


(0.720m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.3L


0.5

0.4

0.3

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

0.0
0.06
0.12
0.18
0.24
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04

2.0

0.0
-0.0102
-0.0184
-0.0221
-0.0229
-0.0222
-0.0184
-0.0142
-0.0092
-0.0045
0.0
0.0019
0.0038
0.0057
0.0062
0.0060
0.0051
0.0041
0.0027
0.0014
0.0
-0.0004
-0.0008
-0.0013
-0.0017
-0.0021
-0.0017
-0.0013
-0.0008
-0.0004
0.0

0.0
-0.0102
-0.0184
-0.0221
-0.0229
-0.0222
-0.0184
-0.0142
-0.0092
-0.0045
0.0
0.0019
0.0038
0.0057
0.0062
0.0060
0.0051
0.0041
0.0027
0.0014
0.0
-0.0004
-0.0008
-0.0013
-0.0017
-0.0021
-0.0017
-0.0013
-0.0008
-0.0004
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0103
-0.0201
-0.0287
-0.0350
-0.0400
-0.0398
-0.0371
-0.0297
-0.0163

0.0
0.0497
0.0999
0.1513
0.2050
0.1600
0.1202
0.0829
0.0503
0.0237

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0246
-0.0441
-0.0531
-0.0550
-0.0533
-0.0442
-0.0341
-0.0220
-0.0108
0.0
0.0045
0.0091
0.0136
0.0148
0.0144
0.0122
0.0097
0.0065
0.0032
0.0
-0.0010
-0.0020
-0.0030
-0.0040
-0.0050
-0.0040
-0.0030
-0.0020
-0.0010
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.1192
0.2398
0.3631
0.4921
0.3840
0.2886
0.1989
0.1208
0.0568

0.2

0.1

0.0
1

9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39

-0.1

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.4L


(0.960m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.4L


0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
0.2
0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

0.0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05

2.0

0.0
-0.0136
-0.0245
-0.0295
-0.0306
-0.0296
-0.0246
-0.0190
-0.0122
-0.0060
0.0
0.0025
0.0050
0.0076
0.0082
0.0080
0.0068
0.0054
0.0036
0.0018
0.0
-0.0006
-0.0011
-0.0017
-0.0022
-0.0028
-0.0022
-0.0017
-0.0011
-0.0006
0.0

0.0
-0.0136
-0.0245
-0.0295
-0.0306
-0.0296
-0.0246
-0.0190
-0.0122
-0.0060
0.0
0.0025
0.0050
0.0076
0.0082
0.0080
0.0068
0.0054
0.0036
0.0018
0.0
-0.0006
-0.0011
-0.0017
-0.0022
-0.0028
-0.0022
-0.0017
-0.0011
-0.0006
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0129
-0.0251
-0.0359
-0.0437
-0.0500
-0.0497
-0.0464
-0.0371
-0.0204

0.0
0.0371
0.0749
0.1141
0.1563
0.2000
0.1503
0.1036
0.0629
0.0296

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0327
-0.0588
-0.0708
-0.0733
-0.0710
-0.0589
-0.0455
-0.0294
-0.0144
0.0
0.0060
0.0121
0.0181
0.0198
0.0192
0.0163
0.0130
0.0086
0.0043
0.0
-0.0013
-0.0027
-0.0040
-0.0054
-0.0067
-0.0054
-0.0040
-0.0027
-0.0013
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.0890
0.1798
0.2738
0.3751
0.4800
0.3607
0.2486
0.1510
0.0710

0.1

0.0
1

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

-0.1

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.5L


(1.200m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.5L


0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

33

35

37

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

0.0
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.18
0.12
0.06

2.0

0.0
-0.0171
-0.0306
-0.0369
-0.0382
-0.0370
-0.0307
-0.0237
-0.0153
-0.0075
0.0
0.0032
0.0063
0.0095
0.0103
0.0100
0.0085
0.0068
0.0045
0.0023
0.0
-0.0007
-0.0014
-0.0021
-0.0028
-0.0035
-0.0028
-0.0021
-0.0014
-0.0007
0.0

0.0
-0.0171
-0.0306
-0.0369
-0.0382
-0.0370
-0.0307
-0.0237
-0.0153
-0.0075
0.0
0.0032
0.0063
0.0095
0.0103
0.0100
0.0085
0.0068
0.0045
0.0023
0.0
-0.0007
-0.0014
-0.0021
-0.0028
-0.0035
-0.0028
-0.0021
-0.0014
-0.0007
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0155
-0.0301
-0.0431
-0.0524
-0.0600
-0.0596
-0.0557
-0.0445
-0.0245

0.0
0.0245
0.0499
0.0769
0.1076
0.1400
0.1804
0.1243
0.0755
0.0355

OUTPUT

0.2

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0409
-0.0734
-0.0886
-0.0917
-0.0888
-0.0737
-0.0569
-0.0367
-0.0180
0.0
0.0076
0.0151
0.0227
0.0247
0.0240
0.0204
0.0162
0.0108
0.0054
0.0
-0.0017
-0.0034
-0.0050
-0.0067
-0.0084
-0.0067
-0.0050
-0.0034
-0.0017
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.0588
0.1197
0.1846
0.2581
0.3360
0.4329
0.2984
0.1812
0.0852

0.1
0.0

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

-0.1
-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.6L


(1.440m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.6L


0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
0.2
0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

0.0
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.14
0.07

2.0

0.0
-0.0205
-0.0367
-0.0443
-0.0458
-0.0444
-0.0368
-0.0284
-0.0184
-0.0090
0.0
0.0038
0.0076
0.0113
0.0124
0.0120
0.0102
0.0081
0.0054
0.0027
0.0
-0.0008
-0.0017
-0.0025
-0.0034
-0.0042
-0.0034
-0.0025
-0.0017
-0.0008
0.0

0.0
-0.0205
-0.0367
-0.0443
-0.0458
-0.0444
-0.0368
-0.0284
-0.0184
-0.0090
0.0
0.0038
0.0076
0.0113
0.0124
0.0120
0.0102
0.0081
0.0054
0.0027
0.0
-0.0008
-0.0017
-0.0025
-0.0034
-0.0042
-0.0034
-0.0025
-0.0017
-0.0008
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0181
-0.0351
-0.0503
-0.0612
-0.0700
-0.0696
-0.0650
-0.0519
-0.0286

0.0
0.0119
0.0249
0.0397
0.0588
0.0800
0.1104
0.1450
0.0881
0.0414

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0491
-0.0881
-0.1063
-0.1100
-0.1066
-0.0884
-0.0683
-0.0441
-0.0216
0.0
0.0091
0.0181
0.0272
0.0297
0.0288
0.0245
0.0194
0.0130
0.0065
0.0
-0.0020
-0.0040
-0.0060
-0.0081
-0.0101
-0.0081
-0.0060
-0.0040
-0.0020
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.0287
0.0597
0.0954
0.1412
0.1920
0.2650
0.3481
0.2113
0.0995

0.1
0.0

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

-0.1
-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.7L


(1.680m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.7L


0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
0.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.08
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0239
-0.0428
-0.0517
-0.0535
-0.0518
-0.0430
-0.0332
-0.0214
-0.0105
0.0
0.0044
0.0088
0.0132
0.0144
0.0140
0.0119
0.0095
0.0063
0.0032
0.0
-0.0010
-0.0020
-0.0029
-0.0039
-0.0049
-0.0039
-0.0029
-0.0020
-0.0010
0.0

0.0
-0.0239
-0.0428
-0.0517
-0.0535
-0.0518
-0.0430
-0.0332
-0.0214
-0.0105
0.0
0.0044
0.0088
0.0132
0.0144
0.0140
0.0119
0.0095
0.0063
0.0032
0.0
-0.0010
-0.0020
-0.0029
-0.0039
-0.0049
-0.0039
-0.0029
-0.0020
-0.0010
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
-0.0206
-0.0402
-0.0574
-0.0699
-0.0800
-0.0795
-0.0742
-0.0594
-0.0326
0.0

-0.0006
-0.0002
0.0026
0.0101
0.0200
0.0405
0.0658
0.1006
0.0474
0.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0573
-0.1028
-0.1240
-0.1284
-0.1243
-0.1032
-0.0796
-0.0514
-0.0252
0.0
0.0106
0.0212
0.0318
0.0346
0.0336
0.0286
0.0227
0.0151
0.0076
0.0
-0.0024
-0.0047
-0.0071
-0.0094
-0.0118
-0.0094
-0.0071
-0.0047
-0.0024
0.0

Influence line
ordinates

-0.0015
-0.0004
0.0061
0.0242
0.0480
0.0972
0.1578
0.2415
0.1137
0.0

0.1

0.0
1

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

-0.1

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.8L


(1.920m from support A)

Influence Ordinate BMD @ 0.8L


0.3000
0.2500
0.2000
0.1500
0.1000
0.0500

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

0.0

0.0

0.0

Load
Position

coeff.

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

0.0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09

-0.0273
-0.0490
-0.0590
-0.0611
-0.0592
-0.0491
-0.0379
-0.0245
-0.0120
0.0
0.0050
0.0101
0.0151
0.0165
0.0160
0.0136
0.0108
0.0072
0.0036
0.0
-0.0011
-0.0022
-0.0034
-0.0045
-0.0056
-0.0045
-0.0034
-0.0022
-0.0011
0.0

-0.0273
-0.0490
-0.0590
-0.0611
-0.0592
-0.0491
-0.0379
-0.0245
-0.0120
0.0
0.0050
0.0101
0.0151
0.0165
0.0160
0.0136
0.0108
0.0072
0.0036
0.0
-0.0011
-0.0022
-0.0034
-0.0045
-0.0056
-0.0045
-0.0034
-0.0022
-0.0011
0.0

MB coeff. + MB
0.0
-0.0232
-0.0452
-0.0646
-0.0787
-0.0900
-0.0895
-0.0835
-0.0668
-0.0367

0.0
-0.0132
-0.0252
-0.0346
-0.0387
-0.0400
-0.0295
-0.0135
0.0132
0.0533

OUTPUT

0.0500

BRIDGE DECK

-0.0655
-0.1175
-0.1417
-0.1467
-0.1421
-0.1179
-0.0910
-0.0588
-0.0288
0.0
0.0121
0.0242
0.0363
0.0396
0.0384
0.0326
0.0259
0.0173
0.0086
0.0
-0.0027
-0.0054
-0.0081
-0.0108
-0.0134
-0.0108
-0.0081
-0.0054
-0.0027
0.0

0.0000

-0.0500

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

-0.1000
-0.1500
-0.2000

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0317
-0.0604
-0.0831
-0.0928
-0.0960
-0.0707
-0.0324
0.0317
0.1279

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section 0.9L


(2.160m from support A)

Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 0.9L


0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
1

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0307
-0.0551
-0.0664
-0.0688
-0.0666
-0.0553
-0.0427
-0.0275
-0.0135
0.0
0.0057
0.0113
0.0170
0.0185
0.0180
0.0153
0.0122
0.0081
0.0041
0.0
-0.0013
-0.0025
-0.0038
-0.0050
-0.0063
-0.0050
-0.0038
-0.0025
-0.0013
0.0

0.0
-0.0307
-0.0551
-0.0664
-0.0688
-0.0666
-0.0553
-0.0427
-0.0275
-0.0135
0.0
0.0057
0.0113
0.0170
0.0185
0.0180
0.0153
0.0122
0.0081
0.0041
0.0
-0.0013
-0.0025
-0.0038
-0.0050
-0.0063
-0.0050
-0.0038
-0.0025
-0.0013
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0232
-0.0452
-0.0646
-0.0787
-0.0900
-0.0895
-0.0835
-0.0668
-0.0367

0.0
0.0007
0.0014
0.0019
0.0023
0.0027
0.0027
0.0025
0.0020
0.0011

OUTPUT

10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0737 -0.1
-0.1322
-0.1594 -0.1
-0.1650
-0.1598 -0.2
-0.1326
-0.1024
-0.2
-0.0661
-0.0324
0.0
0.0136
0.0272
0.0408
0.0445
0.0432
0.0367
0.0292
0.0194
0.0097
0.0
-0.0030
-0.0060
-0.0091
-0.0121
-0.0151
-0.0121
-0.0091
-0.0060
-0.0030
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0225
-0.0438
-0.0627
-0.0763
-0.0873
-0.0868
-0.0810
-0.0648
-0.0356

0.0
-0.0540
-0.1051
-0.1505
-0.1832
-0.2095
-0.2082
-0.1944
-0.1555
-0.0855

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.1L (0.240m from support B)
Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.1L
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1

0.0
1
-0.1

7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 OUTPUT
34 37 40

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.04
0.03
0.02
0.01
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0307
-0.0551
-0.0664
-0.0688
-0.0666
-0.0553
-0.0427
-0.0275
-0.0135
0.0
0.0057
0.0113
0.0170
0.0185
0.0180
0.0153
0.0122
0.0081
0.0041
0.0
-0.0013
-0.0025
-0.0038
-0.0050
-0.0063
-0.0050
-0.0038
-0.0025
-0.0013
0.0

0.0
-0.0017
-0.0034
-0.0052
-0.0067
-0.0080
-0.0083
-0.0080
-0.0066
-0.0037
0.0
-0.0026
-0.0051
-0.0077
-0.0083
-0.0080
-0.0067
-0.0052
-0.0035
-0.0017
0.0
0.0005
0.0010
0.0016
0.0021
0.0026
0.0021
0.0016
0.0010
0.0005
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0206
-0.0402
-0.0574
-0.0699
-0.0800
-0.0795
-0.0742
-0.0594
-0.0326

0.0
0.0014
0.0028
0.0038
0.0047
0.0054
0.0054
0.0050
0.0040
0.0022

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
0.0576
0.0215
-0.0016
-0.0154
-0.0246
-0.0236
-0.0207
-0.0141
-0.0072
0.0
0.0031
0.0062
0.0094
0.0102
0.0100
0.0086
0.0069
0.0046
0.0023
0.0
-0.0007
-0.0015
-0.0022
-0.0030
-0.0037
-0.0030
-0.0022
-0.0015
-0.0007
0.0

0.0
0.1383
0.0516
-0.0039
-0.0371
-0.0590
-0.0565
-0.0496
-0.0339
-0.0172
0.0
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0246
0.0240
0.0207
0.0166
0.0111
0.0055
0.0
-0.0018
-0.0036
-0.0053
-0.0071
-0.0089
-0.0071
-0.0053
-0.0036
-0.0018
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0192
-0.0374
-0.0536
-0.0652
-0.0746
-0.0741
-0.0692
-0.0554
-0.0305

0.0
-0.0461
-0.0898
-0.1286
-0.1566
-0.1790
-0.1779
-0.1661
-0.1330
-0.0732

-0.1

-0.1
-0.2
-0.2

-0.3

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.2L (0.480m from support B)

Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.2L


0.3
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.08
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0273
-0.0490
-0.0590
-0.0611
-0.0592
-0.0491
-0.0379
-0.0245
-0.0120
0.0
0.0050
0.0101
0.0151
0.0165
0.0160
0.0136
0.0108
0.0072
0.0036
0.0
-0.0011
-0.0022
-0.0034
-0.0045
-0.0056
-0.0045
-0.0034
-0.0022
-0.0011
0.0

0.0
-0.0033
-0.0068
-0.0104
-0.0134
-0.0160
-0.0166
-0.0160
-0.0132
-0.0073
0.0
-0.0051
-0.0102
-0.0153
-0.0166
-0.0160
-0.0134
-0.0104
-0.0070
-0.0035
0.0
0.0010
0.0021
0.0031
0.0042
0.0052
0.0042
0.0031
0.0021
0.0010
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0181
-0.0351
-0.0503
-0.0612
-0.0700
-0.0696
-0.0650
-0.0519
-0.0286

0.0
0.0022
0.0041
0.0058
0.0070
0.0081
0.0081
0.0076
0.0059
0.0032

OUTPUT

0.1

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
0.0494
0.1042
0.0706
0.0455
0.0248
0.0143
0.0060
0.0024
0.0007
0.0
-0.0001
-0.0001
-0.0002
-0.0001
0.0000
0.0002
0.0004
0.0002
0.0001
0.0
-0.0001
-0.0002
-0.0002
-0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0003
-0.0002
-0.0002
-0.0001
0.0

0.0
0.1185
0.2502
0.1693
0.1092
0.0595
0.0343
0.0145
0.0057
0.0016
0.0
-0.0001
-0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0003
0.0000
0.0006
0.0009
0.0006
0.0003
0.0
-0.0002
-0.0004
-0.0006
-0.0008
-0.0010
-0.0008
-0.0006
-0.0004
-0.0002
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0159
-0.0310
-0.0445
-0.0542
-0.0619
-0.0615
-0.0574
-0.0460
-0.0253

0.0
-0.0382
-0.0744
-0.1068
-0.1300
-0.1486
-0.1476
-0.1378
-0.1104
-0.0608

0.0

-0.1

7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40

-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
-0.3

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.3L (0.720m from support B)
Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.3L

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.07
0.14
0.21
0.18
0.15
0.12
0.09
0.06
0.03
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0239
-0.0428
-0.0517
-0.0535
-0.0518
-0.0430
-0.0332
-0.0214
-0.0105
0.0
0.0044
0.0088
0.0132
0.0144
0.0140
0.0119
0.0095
0.0063
0.0032
0.0
-0.0010
-0.0020
-0.0029
-0.0039
-0.0049
-0.0039
-0.0029
-0.0020
-0.0010
0.0

0.0
-0.0050
-0.0102
-0.0156
-0.0200
-0.0240
-0.0249
-0.0241
-0.0197
-0.0110
0.0
-0.0077
-0.0153
-0.0230
-0.0249
-0.0240
-0.0200
-0.0157
-0.0104
-0.0052
0.0
0.0016
0.0031
0.0047
0.0062
0.0078
0.0062
0.0047
0.0031
0.0016
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0155
-0.0301
-0.0431
-0.0524
-0.0600
-0.0596
-0.0557
-0.0445
-0.0245

0.0
0.0029
0.0055
0.0077
0.0094
0.0108
0.0108
0.0101
0.0079
0.0043

OUTPUT

0.1

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
0.0411
0.0870
0.1427
0.1065
0.0742
0.0521
0.0328
0.0188
0.0085
0.0
-0.0032
-0.0065
-0.0097
-0.0105
-0.0100
-0.0081
-0.0062
-0.0041
-0.0021
0.0
0.0006
0.0012
0.0017
0.0023
0.0029
0.0023
0.0017
0.0012
0.0006
0.0

0.0
0.0987
0.2087 0.0
0.3426
0.2556
0.1781 -0.1
0.1251
0.0786
0.0452 -0.2
0.0204
0.0
-0.0078
-0.0156
-0.0233
-0.0252
-0.0240
-0.0195
-0.0149
-0.0099
-0.0050
0.0
0.0014
0.0028
0.0042
0.0056
0.0070
0.0056
0.0042
0.0028
0.0014
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0126
-0.0246
-0.0354
-0.0431
-0.0492
-0.0488
-0.0456
-0.0366
-0.0202

0.0
-0.0302
-0.0590
-0.0850
-0.1034
-0.1181
-0.1172
-0.1094
-0.0878
-0.0484

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.4L (0.960m from support B)
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.4L

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.06
0.12
0.18
0.24
0.20
0.16
0.12
0.08
0.04
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0205
-0.0367
-0.0443
-0.0458
-0.0444
-0.0368
-0.0284
-0.0184
-0.0090
0.0
0.0038
0.0076
0.0113
0.0124
0.0120
0.0102
0.0081
0.0054
0.0027
0.0
-0.0008
-0.0017
-0.0025
-0.0034
-0.0042
-0.0034
-0.0025
-0.0017
-0.0008
0.0

0.0
-0.0067
-0.0136
-0.0208
-0.0267
-0.0320
-0.0332
-0.0321
-0.0263
-0.0146
0.0
-0.0102
-0.0204
-0.0306
-0.0332
-0.0320
-0.0267
-0.0209
-0.0139
-0.0070
0.0
0.0021
0.0042
0.0062
0.0083
0.0104
0.0083
0.0062
0.0042
0.0021
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0129
-0.0251
-0.0359
-0.0437
-0.0500
-0.0497
-0.0464
-0.0371
-0.0204

0.0
0.0036
0.0069
0.0096
0.0117
0.0135
0.0135
0.0126
0.0099
0.0054

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
0.0329
0.0697
0.1149
0.1674
0.1236
0.0900
0.0595
0.0353
0.0164
0.0
-0.0064
-0.0128
-0.0193
-0.0208
-0.0200
-0.0165
-0.0128
-0.0085
-0.0043
0.0
0.0012
0.0025
0.0037
0.0050
0.0062
0.0050
0.0037
0.0025
0.0012
0.0

0.0
0.0789
0.1672
0.2758
0.4019
0.2966
0.2159
0.1428
0.0848
0.0393
0.0
-0.0154
-0.0308
-0.0462
-0.0500
-0.0480
-0.0396
-0.0307
-0.0204
-0.0102
0.0
0.0030
0.0060
0.0089
0.0119
0.0149
0.0119
0.0089
0.0060
0.0030
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0093
-0.0182
-0.0263
-0.0320
-0.0365
-0.0362
-0.0338
-0.0272
-0.0150

0.0
-0.0223
-0.0437
-0.0631
-0.0768
-0.0876
-0.0869
-0.0811
-0.0653
-0.0360

0.1

0.0
1

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

-0.1

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.5L (1.200m from support B)
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.5L

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0171
-0.0306
-0.0369
-0.0382
-0.0370
-0.0307
-0.0237
-0.0153
-0.0075
0.0
0.0032
0.0063
0.0095
0.0103
0.0100
0.0085
0.0068
0.0045
0.0023
0.0
-0.0007
-0.0014
-0.0021
-0.0028
-0.0035
-0.0028
-0.0021
-0.0014
-0.0007
0.0

0.0
-0.0084
-0.0170
-0.0260
-0.0334
-0.0400
-0.0415
-0.0401
-0.0329
-0.0183
0.0
-0.0128
-0.0255
-0.0383
-0.0415
-0.0400
-0.0334
-0.0261
-0.0174
-0.0087
0.0
0.0026
0.0052
0.0078
0.0104
0.0130
0.0104
0.0078
0.0052
0.0026
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0103
-0.0201
-0.0287
-0.0350
-0.0400
-0.0398
-0.0371
-0.0297
-0.0163

0.0
0.0043
0.0083
0.0115
0.0140
0.0162
0.0162
0.0151
0.0119
0.0065

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
0.0246
0.0524
0.0871
0.1284
0.1730
0.1278
0.0862
0.0518
0.0242
0.0
-0.0096
-0.0192
-0.0288
-0.0312
-0.0300
-0.0249
-0.0194
-0.0129
-0.0065
0.0
0.0019
0.0038
0.0057
0.0076
0.0095
0.0076
0.0057
0.0038
0.0019
0.0

0.0
0.0590
0.1258
0.2090
0.3082
0.4152
0.3067
0.2069
0.1243
0.0581
0.0
-0.0230
-0.0461
-0.0691
-0.0749
-0.0720
-0.0598
-0.0464
-0.0310
-0.0155
0.0
0.0046
0.0091
0.0137
0.0182
0.0228
0.0182
0.0137
0.0091
0.0046
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0060
-0.0118
-0.0172
-0.0209
-0.0238
-0.0236
-0.0220
-0.0178
-0.0098

0.0
-0.0144
-0.0283
-0.0413
-0.0502
-0.0571
-0.0565
-0.0528
-0.0427
-0.0236

0.1

0.0

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

-0.1

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.6L (1.440m from support B)
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.6L

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.16
0.20
0.24
0.18
0.12
0.06
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0136
-0.0245
-0.0295
-0.0306
-0.0296
-0.0246
-0.0190
-0.0122
-0.0060
0.0
0.0025
0.0050
0.0076
0.0082
0.0080
0.0068
0.0054
0.0036
0.0018
0.0
-0.0006
-0.0011
-0.0017
-0.0022
-0.0028
-0.0022
-0.0017
-0.0011
-0.0006
0.0

0.0
-0.0100
-0.0204
-0.0312
-0.0401
-0.0480
-0.0498
-0.0481
-0.0395
-0.0220
0.0
-0.0153
-0.0306
-0.0459
-0.0498
-0.0480
-0.0401
-0.0313
-0.0209
-0.0104
0.0
0.0031
0.0062
0.0094
0.0125
0.0156
0.0125
0.0094
0.0062
0.0031
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0077
-0.0151
-0.0215
-0.0262
-0.0300
-0.0298
-0.0278
-0.0223
-0.0122

0.0
0.0050
0.0097
0.0134
0.0164
0.0189
0.0189
0.0176
0.0139
0.0076

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
0.0163
0.0351
0.0593
0.0894
0.1224
0.1656
0.1129
0.0683
0.0320
0.0
-0.0128
-0.0256
-0.0383
-0.0416
-0.0400
-0.0333
-0.0259
-0.0173
-0.0086
0.0
0.0026
0.0051
0.0077
0.0102
0.0128
0.0102
0.0077
0.0051
0.0026
0.0

0.0
0.0392
0.0843
0.1423
0.2145
0.2938
0.3975
0.2710
0.1639
0.0769
0.0
-0.0307
-0.0613
-0.0920
-0.0997
-0.0960
-0.0799
-0.0622
-0.0415
-0.0207
0.0
0.0061
0.0123
0.0184
0.0246
0.0307
0.0246
0.0184
0.0123
0.0061
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
-0.0027
-0.0054
-0.0081
-0.0098
-0.0111
-0.0109
-0.0102
-0.0084
-0.0047

0.0
-0.0065
-0.0130
-0.0194
-0.0236
-0.0266
-0.0262
-0.0245
-0.0202
-0.0112

0.1

0.0
1

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

-0.1

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.7L (1.680m from support B)
0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.7L

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.03
0.06
0.09
0.12
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.14
0.07
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0102
-0.0184
-0.0221
-0.0229
-0.0222
-0.0184
-0.0142
-0.0092
-0.0045
0.0
0.0019
0.0038
0.0057
0.0062
0.0060
0.0051
0.0041
0.0027
0.0014
0.0
-0.0004
-0.0008
-0.0013
-0.0017
-0.0021
-0.0017
-0.0013
-0.0008
-0.0004
0.0

0.0
-0.0117
-0.0238
-0.0364
-0.0468
-0.0560
-0.0581
-0.0561
-0.0461
-0.0256
0.0
-0.0179
-0.0357
-0.0536
-0.0581
-0.0560
-0.0468
-0.0365
-0.0244
-0.0122
0.0
0.0036
0.0073
0.0109
0.0146
0.0182
0.0146
0.0109
0.0073
0.0036
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0052
-0.0100
-0.0144
-0.0175
-0.0200
-0.0199
-0.0186
-0.0148
-0.0082

0.0
0.0058
0.0110
0.0154
0.0187
0.0216
0.0216
0.0202
0.0158
0.0086

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
0.0081
0.0178
0.0315
0.0503
0.0718
0.1035
0.1396
0.0848
0.0399
0.0
-0.0160
-0.0319
-0.0479
-0.0519
-0.0500
-0.0417
-0.0325
-0.0217
-0.0108
0.0
0.0032
0.0064
0.0097
0.0129
0.0161
0.0129
0.0097
0.0064
0.0032
0.0

0.0
0.0194
0.0428
0.0755
0.1208
0.1723
0.2484
0.3351
0.2034
0.0957
0.0
-0.0383
-0.0766
-0.1149
-0.1246
-0.1200
-0.1000
-0.0780
-0.0520
-0.0260
0.0
0.0077
0.0155
0.0232
0.0309
0.0386
0.0309
0.0232
0.0155
0.0077
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.0006
0.0010
0.0010
0.0012
0.0016
0.0017
0.0016
0.0010
0.0005

0.0
0.0014
0.0024
0.0024
0.0030
0.0038
0.0041
0.0038
0.0024
0.0012

0.0

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

-0.1

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.8L (1.920m from support B)
0.3

Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.8L

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

CALCULATIONS
0.1

1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

0.0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.08
0.0

Load
Position

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L

Date___december '04

0.0

0.0

coeff.
0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0068
-0.0122
-0.0148
-0.0153
-0.0148
-0.0123
-0.0095
-0.0061
-0.0030
0.0
0.0013
0.0025
0.0038
0.0041
0.0040
0.0034
0.0027
0.0018
0.0009
0.0
-0.0003
-0.0006
-0.0008
-0.0011
-0.0014
-0.0011
-0.0008
-0.0006
-0.0003
0.0

0.0
-0.0134
-0.0272
-0.0416
-0.0534
-0.0640
-0.0664
-0.0642
-0.0526
-0.0293
0.0
-0.0204
-0.0408
-0.0612
-0.0664
-0.0640
-0.0534
-0.0418
-0.0278
-0.0139
0.0
0.0042
0.0083
0.0125
0.0166
0.0208
0.0166
0.0125
0.0083
0.0042
0.0

MB coeff. MC coeff.
0.0
-0.0026
-0.0050
-0.0072
-0.0087
-0.0100
-0.0099
-0.0093
-0.0074
-0.0041

0.0
0.0065
0.0124
0.0173
0.0211
0.0243
0.0243
0.0227
0.0178
0.0097

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0002
0.0006
0.0036
0.0113
0.0212
0.0413
0.0664
0.1012
0.0477
0.0
-0.0191
-0.0383
-0.0574
-0.0623
-0.0600
-0.0500
-0.0391
-0.0260
-0.0130
0.0
0.0039
0.0078
0.0116
0.0155
0.0194
0.0155
0.0116
0.0078
0.0039
0.0

0.0
-0.0004
0.0013
0.0087
0.0271
0.0509
0.0992
0.1593
0.2430
0.1145
0.0
-0.0459
-0.0919
-0.1378
-0.1495
-0.1440
-0.1201
-0.0937
-0.0625
-0.0312
0.0
0.0093
0.0186
0.0279
0.0372
0.0466
0.0372
0.0279
0.0186
0.0093
0.0

+ MB +
MC

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.0039
0.0074
0.0101
0.0123
0.0143
0.0144
0.0134
0.0104
0.0056

0.0
0.0094
0.0178
0.0242
0.0296
0.0343
0.0345
0.0322
0.0250
0.0135

0.0

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

Influence Line ordinates for BM at the section


1.9L (2.160m from support B)
Influence Line Ordinate BMD @ 1.9L

0.2

0.1

0.1

0.0

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L
3.1L
3.2L
3.3L
3.4L
3.5L
3.6L
3.7L
3.8L
3.9L
4.0L

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
0.0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.0

0.0

0.0

2.0

0.0
-0.0034
-0.0061
-0.0074
-0.0076
-0.0074
-0.0061
-0.0047
-0.0031
-0.0015
0.0
0.0006
0.0013
0.0019
0.0021
0.0020
0.0017
0.0014
0.0009
0.0005
0.0
-0.0001
-0.0003
-0.0004
-0.0006
-0.0007
-0.0006
-0.0004
-0.0003
-0.0001
0.0

0.0
-0.0150
-0.0306
-0.0468
-0.0601
-0.0720
-0.0747
-0.0722
-0.0592
-0.0329
0.0
-0.0230
-0.0459
-0.0689
-0.0747
-0.0720
-0.0601
-0.0470
-0.0313
-0.0157
0.0
0.0047
0.0094
0.0140
0.0187
0.0234
0.0187
0.0140
0.0094
0.0047
0.0

BRIDGE DECK

0.0
-0.0084
-0.0167
-0.0242
-0.0278
-0.0294
-0.0208
-0.0069
0.0177
0.0556
0.0
-0.0223
-0.0446
-0.0670
-0.0726
-0.0700
-0.0584
-0.0456
-0.0304
-0.0152
0.0
0.0045
0.0091
0.0136
0.0182
0.0227
0.0182
0.0136
0.0091
0.0045
0.0

0.0
-0.0203
-0.0401
-0.0580
-0.0666
-0.0706
-0.0500
-0.0166
0.0425
0.1333
0.0
-0.0536
-0.1071
-0.1607
-0.1743
-0.1680
-0.1402
-0.1095
-0.0730
-0.0365
0.0
0.0109
0.0218
0.0327
0.0436
0.0545
0.0436
0.0327
0.0218
0.0109
0.0

-0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.2

Since the structure is symmetrical, influence lines are only drawn for load positions
upto 2.0L (i.e. Support C)

2.5 Bending moments due to


HA live loads (point loads)
Sections 1.2
of this report

The point loads due to HA live loads is the HA Knife - Edge load (KEL).
With reference to Clause 6.2.2 of BS 5400: Part II: 1978, 120KN of KEL is
recommended per notional lane.
Based on this, the ultimate KEL per deck span is computed as 67.32KN/m.

a. Support moments

OUTPUT

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

when first span loaded; apply KEL at 0.5L:


when second span loaded; apply KEL at 1.4L:
when third span loaded; apply KEL at 2.4L:
when fourth span loaded; apply KEL at 3.5L:
when all four spans are loaded
where P = design KEL
=
67.5 KN/m
Therefore M

=
=
=
=
=

-0.2400
-0.1834
0.0494
-0.0168
-0.3908

P
P
P
P
P

-26.379 KNm

b. Span moments
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

when first span loaded; apply KEL at 0.4L:


when second span loaded; apply KEL at 1.5L:
when third span loaded; apply KEL at 2.5L:
when fourth span loaded; apply KEL at 3.6L:
when all four spans are loaded
where P = design KEL
=
67.5 KN/m
Therefore M

=
=
=
=
=
=

0.4921
0.4152
0.4152
0.4921
1.8146

P
P
P
P
P

122.159 KNm

2.6 Total Bending moments due to


HA live loads + Dead loads
a. Support moments
Sections 3.2.1.3
3.2.1.4 & 3.2.2.1
of this report

moments due to HA point loads


moments due to HA udl loads
moments due to dead loads
Design HA + Dead loads

=
=
=
=

-26.38
-11.09
-4.04
-41.51

KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm

=
=
=
=

122.16
7.22
2.63
132.01

KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm

HA + Gk
support mmts
=
-44.38KN/m

b. Span moments
moments due to HA point loads
moments due to HA udl loads
moments due to dead loads
Design HA + Dead loads

HA + Gk
support mmts
=
133.93KN/m

2.7 HB Live loading


2.7.1

Wheel Loads

This is done using a 45 - unit HB loading.


A 45 - unit HB vehicle has 4 axles, carrying 4 wheels each.
weight of each axle
=
10KN
Total axle weight
=
10KN /axle * 4Axles
=
For a 45 - unit HB loading,
wheel load
=
45 * 40KN
=
1,800KN
Total No. of wheels supported
=
16No.
Therefore, load exerted by each wheel =
1,800/16
=
112.50KN
Alternative method of calculating Load exerted by each wheel:
2,500j Newtons
=
(where j = no of units of HB load )

40KN

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

2.0
=

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
2,500 * 45 / 1,000
= 112.5KN

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK
6,100

1,800

1,800

Fig 3: Dimensions of a HB vehicle


75

1,000

375

Table 9,
R.C. H/Bk,

1,000

Reynolds & Stee-

DIRECTION OF TRAVEL

dman. (10th ed)

1,000

1,800

CAXLE

6,100

CAXLE

CAXLE

1,800

CAXLE

Fig 4 : A unit of HB - vehicle configuration

2.7.2

DISPERSION OF WHEEL LOADS

Sect. 1.17(11)
Design of
R.C. Bridges

F = Wheel load

F
ax

REINFORCEMENT

ax = Contact length (varies: 0 - 380mm)


by = width of tyre (varies: 75 - 450mm)

A
by
ax

B = by + 2d

wheel load dispersal = A * B

A = ax + 2d

The dispersal is carried out at an angle of 45o through the concrete.


The dispersal is treated separately between the concrete and the surfacing.
Load = 1.1N/mm

a.

Load Dispersal Through Asphalt

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0
f

where,

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

2,500j
[ (2,500j/1.1)0.5 + h' ]

f = pressure in N/mm
j = No. of units of HB loading = 45

h' = depth below surface at which load is acting

f
b.

2,500 * 45
[ (2,500 * 45/1.1)0.5 + 0 ]

= 1.1N/mm

Load Dispersal Through Concrete

2,500j
[ (2,500j/1.1)0.5 + 2h' ]
2,500 * 45
[ (2,500 * 45/1.1)0.5 + (2 * 0.05) ]

0.97

Use f = 1.1N/mm

2.7.3

MOMENTS DUE TO HB LIVE LOADS

The tyres of a HB vehicle are spaced at 1,000mm as shown in the sketch above.

a.

Supports

The point loads are placed at critical positions to produce maximum effect.
i.

when 1st span only is loaded


The tyres of a HB vehicle are spaced at 1,000mm as shown in the sketch above.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
But P = 112.5KNm
0.5L
-0.2400 P
-27.00 KNm
0.9L
-0.0979 P
-11.01 KNm

-38.01 KNm

ii.

when only 2nd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
1.3L
-0.1771 P
-19.92375 KNm
1.7L
-0.1138 P
-12.8025 KNm

-32.73 KNm

ii.

when only 3rd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
2.4
0.0494 P
5.5575 KNm
2.8L
0.0216 P
2.43
KNm

7.99 KNm

ii.

But P = 112.5KNm

when only 4th span is loaded

But P = 112.5KNm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0
iii.

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

The influence values are as tabulated below.


Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
3.2L
-0.0034 P
-0.3825 KNm
3.6L
-0.0134 P
-1.5075 KNm

-1.89 KNm

But P = 112.5KNm

When all four spans are loaded:


Total moments due to HB load
=
-38.01KNm -32.73KNm + 7.99KNm -1.89KNm
=
-64.64 KNm

b. Span moment
The point loads are placed at critical positions to produce maximum effect.
i.

when 1st span only is loaded


The tyres of a HB vehicle are spaced at 1,000mm as shown in the sketch above.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
But P = 112.5KNm
0.5L
0.2425 P
27.28
KNm
0.9L
0.1079 P
12.14
KNm

39.42 KNm

ii.

when only 2nd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
1.3L
0.1920 P
21.6
KNm
1.7L
0.1351 P
15.19875 KNm

36.80 KNm

ii.

when only 3rd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
2.4L
0.1916 P
21.555 KNm
2.8L
0.1430 P
16.0875 KNm

37.64 KNm

ii.

But P = 112.5KNm

when only 4th span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
3.2L
0.1715 P
19.29375 KNm
3.6L
0.1863 P
20.95875 KNm

40.25 KNm

iii.

But P = 112.5KNm

When all four spans are loaded:

But P = 112.5KNm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

Total moments due to HB load


=
154.11 KNm

2.7.4 Total Bending moments due to


HB live loads + Dead loads
a. Support moments
Sections 3.2.1.4
& 3.3.3

moments due to HB point loads


moments due to dead loads

=
=

-64.64 KNm
-4.04 KNm

of this report

DesignHB + Gk
support mmts

Design HB + Dead loads

-68.68 KNm

=
=

154.11 KNm
2.63 KNm

= 71.64KNm

b. Span moments
moments due to HB point loads
moments due to dead loads

design HB + Gk
span mmts

Design HB + Dead loads

156.75 KNm

2.8 Design Moments


The design moment is obtained by comparing the HA + Dead load moments
with those of the HB + Dead load moments.

a.

Support Moments

HA + Dead Load Moments


=
HB + Dead Load Moments
=
Design moment is that due to HB + Dead load moment =

b.

Span Moments

HA + Dead Load Moments


=
HB + Dead Load Moments
=
Design moment is that due to HB + Dead load moment =

-26.379 KNm
-68.685 KNm
-68.685 KNm

122.159 KNm
156.747 KNm
156.747 KNm

DESIGN MOMENTS

2.9

Design support moments

68.685 KNm (Hogging)

Design span mmts

156.747 KNm (Sagging)

DESIGN FOR BENDING


DESIGN OF SPAN

Design as a rectangular - beam


Design Moment

156.747 KNm

= 304.29KNm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

2.0

Depth of slab/deck

2,400 mm

175 mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


beam depth, h

175 mm

width of beam web, bw

1000 mm

Flange depth, hf

175 mm

cover to reinforcement, d'


reinforcement size, f

0.0 mm

16.0 mm

10.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t
effective depth, d

1000

mm

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
effective width, b

175 mm

a.

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

Span Length

157 mm
bw
1,000 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

M/bdfcu

therefore, k

1997

since k'

fcu

0.159

0.156

40 N/mm

it implies that compression steel not required.


use z
c.

0.775 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As '

410 N/mm
(k-k')fcu bd/(0.87fy.(d-d'))
Apply

=
T 16

(As prov. =

As

{k'fcubd/(0.87fy.Z)} + As'

=
T 25

(As prov. =

Checks for minimum steel:

Mosley, Bungay

As min

=
Apply

BS8110:PART1: 1997

a.

0.13Ac/100
T 12

(As prov. =

Table 3.10

mm centres TOP

3,596 mm
125

mm centres BOTTOM

3,927 mm)

Table A.7

3.4.2

300

670 mm)

Apply

Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

52 mm

=
@

250

227.50 mm
mm centres as distribution bars

452 mm)

CHECKS FOR DEFLECTION

Basic span - effective depth ratio

20.00

To avoid damages to finishes, modified ratio

16.67

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
b.

Table 3.11

2.0

BRIDGE DECK

Tensile reinforcement modification factor:

BS8110:PART1:
1997

OUTPUT

Note:

i.

M/bd

ii.

service stress, fs

iii.

By interpolation, Modification Factor, MF


=

MF should not

= 5fyAsreq./8Asprov.)*1/bb

0.55 + (477 - fs)/(120(0.9+(M/bd))


Use MF

be greater than 2

c.

Modified span - effective depth ratio = MF * Basic span - effective ratio =

d.

Actual span - effective depth ratio

6.36

260.75 N/mm

0.80

0.80
13.30

L/d

9.60

NB: Actual span-effective ratio based on the total slab depth of 250mm
Since Modified L/d > Actual L/d,

Design okay w.r.t deflection.

DESIGN FOR SHEAR


i.

ii.

Design shear Force


Shear due to Precast Slab

22.04 KN

Shear due to insitu works

84.70 KN

Design Shear Force ,V

106.74 KN

Design Shear Stress, v

V/bd

=
fcu

Checks:
iii.

40 N/mm

5.060 N/mm

design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


=

iv.

0.8(fcu)

0.680 N/mm

(should not be < 1.00)

0.427

2.548 Use 400/d

0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25

1.00

0.476 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

0.680 N/mm

vc

0.476 N/mm

vc + 0.4 =

i.e. 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)
=

1.121

fyv

410 N/mm

0.876 N/mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Bridge Deck

Member
REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

2.0

Apply a

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK

4 Leg stirrup
T 10

and Asv/Sv provided =

250 mm centres

1.257

CHECK FOR INTER-PHASE SHEAR


There's need to compute the shear force at the inter phase between the precast and insitu concrete.

Shear connectors will be required to prevent slippage between the insitu concrete and the
precast concrete sections to enable them act as a single composite unit.
The slippage that occurs is a maximum at the supported end of the slabs, where the shear,V
and the rate of change of moment dm/dx are a maximum. This slippage to zero at midspan
where moments is at a maximum, and shear force, SF, V = 0 for a udl.

The shear connectors are the shear reinforcement for the maximum inter-phase shear force.

Since the inter-phase between the precast concrete and the in-situ concrete is located in the
horizontal direction, it implies that the maximum interphase shear under consideration is in
the vertical direction.
Section 2.1.2 &

Shear due to Precast Slab

13.92 KN

of this report

Therefore, the design inter phase shear, V1

13.92 KN

CHECKS:
V1 must not exceed the lesser of

clause 7.4.2.3
BS 5400:Part 4:1990

a.

k 1 .f cu .Ls

b.

v 1 .Ls + 0.7Ae.fy

where,
k1 is a constant depending on the concrete bond,obtained from Table 31, BS 5400:Part 4
fcu is the characteristic cube strenght of concrete
Ls is the length of theshear plane under consideration
v1 is the ultimate longitudinal shear stress in the concrete for shear plane under consideration
taken from Table 31, BS5400:Part 4
Ae is the area of fully anchored reinforcement per unit length crossing the shear plane under consideration
fy is the characteristic strenght of the reinforcement.

Table 31

k1

0.15

Ae

314 mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked Page No.

Member

Bridge Deck

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

BS 5400:Part 4:1990

fcu

and parts of

Ls

2.0
=

40 N/mm

2.4 m

OUTPUT

BRIDGE DECK
fy

410 N/mm

v1

0.5 N/mm

this report
a.

k 1 .f cu .Ls

14.400

b.

v 1 .Ls + 0.7Ae.fy

90164.909

Since V1 is less than


or

a.

k 1 .f cu .Ls

b.

v 1 .Ls + 0.7Ae.fy

the inter phase shear is okay.

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DesignHB + Gk
support mmts
= 71.64KNm

design HB + Gk
span mmts
= 304.29KNm

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Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member:

Diaphragm/Transverse Beam

REF.

CALCULATIONS

Date___december '04

Page No.

OUTPUT

3.0 DIAPHRAGM/TRANSVERSE BEAMS


3.1 INTRODUCTION
For the purpose of this designs, diaphragm beams are used only at supports
as end beams to the various spans.
They act as stiffeners, distribute concentrated loads, reduce local deflections,
act as chords for the lateral system, and secure the aerodynamic stability of
the structure.
During construction, they are cast in two parts; one part as thte pre cast
pier cap and the second part is cast in-situ and integral with the pier cap beams.
A sketch of the slab/ deck, showing the location of diaphragm beams is as
shown below:
11.0m

Diaphragm
Beams

17.80m

Slab area
supported
by diaph ragm beam
17.80m

Beam
Girder

17.80m

0.70m 2.40m

2.40m

2.40m

2.40m 0.70m

1 Area of slab - deck supported by intermediate diaphragm beam:


=
2 * (0.5 * 1.40 * 0.70 ) +
{ 8 * (0.5 * 2.4 * 1.2)}
2
12.50m
=

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member:

Diaphragm/Transverse Beam

REF.

CALCULATIONS

3.2

Section 2.2 of
this report

Gk
Dead Loads,
Self weight of beam

ii.

Dead loads from slab deck;


10.65KN/m2
12.50m2
*
TOTAL
Gk
Qk
Live Loads,
HA udl
Bridge span
Equivalent udl load

24 * 0.45 * 1.00 * 11

=
=

118.80KN

=
=

133.13KN
251.93KN

17.50m
10.5KN/m2

And load per beam


=
10.50 * 8.0 * 0.5 =
42.0KN/m
where 8.0m = c/way width,
and 0.5 used because there are 2No.diaphragm beams per span.
Table 9 ;
Reynolds & Steedman : R.C
Designer's H/bk

ii

Clause 6.2.2
BS 5400: Part II

iii.

4.2KN/m2
2No.
=

Foot path live load


=
4.2KN/m2 *
=
Total udl Live Loads

5.6KN/m
47.6KN/m

HA KEL
120KN is recommended as KEL per notional lane.
Total KEL
=
360KN, since we have 3 notional lanes.
There fore Total KEL per beam =
Each beam has 4No spans.
There fore Total KEL per span =

c.

Design dead load


dead udl =

ii

iii.

iv.

180KN

180KN/4

45KN

=
=

377.90KN
34.35KN/m

Design live loads(udl) =


1.50 * 47.60
TOTAL UDL

=
=

71.40KN/m
105.75KN/m

Design concentrated live loads (KEL)


=
1.50 * 45.0

67.50KN

=
1.50 * 251.93KN
377.90KN/11m

LOADING DIAGRAMS
67.50KN

216.01

d.

360KN * 0.5

LOAD COMBINATIONS
i.

MOMENTS

105.75KN/m

67.50KN

297.73

67.50KN

297.73

Page No.

OUTPUT

LOAD ANALYSIS
a.
i.

b
i.

Table 11;
Reynolds & Steedman : R.C
Designer's H/bk

Date___december '04

67.50KN

297.73

216.01

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member:

Diaphragm/Transverse Beam

REF.

CALCULATIONS
I.

Cantilever mmts (Negative)


105.75 * 0.50 *0.702
Mcant
=

Date___december '04

Page No.

OUTPUT
=

25.91 KNm

ii.

Max Span mmts


Take mmts about the middle od the 2nd internal slab:
Mspan
=
- (105.75 * 4.3 * 0.5) +
(216.01 * 3.6 )
+ (297.73 * 1.2 ) - (67.50 * 2.4 )
=
1,069.55 KNm

ii.

Max Support mmts


Take mmts about the 3rd internal support,
Msupp
=
(105.75 * 5.5 * 0.5)
+
67.50 * ( 1.2 + 3.6 )
( 216.01 * 4.8 ) ( 297.73 * 2.4 )
=
2,366.21 KNm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member:

Diaphragm/Transverse Beam

REF.

CALCULATIONS

Page No.

Date___december '04

OUTPUT

DESIGN FOR BENDING & SHEAR


3.3.1

DESIGN FOR BENDING (MID - SPAN)

Design as a rectangular - beam

Span Length

1,069.550 KNm
2,400 mm

Depth of slab/deck

250 mm

beam depth, h

1250 mm

width of beam web, bw

400 mm

Flange depth, hf

250 mm

cover to reinforcement, d'


reinforcement size, f

30.0 mm

16.0 mm

12.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

effective depth, d

400 mm

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
=

effective width, b

mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d

1250

a.

Design Moment

1,200 mm

bw+(0.7L/5)
400 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

1997

k
therefore, k

M/bdfcu

since k'
ii.

0.046

0.156

it implies that compression steel not required.


d(0.5 + (0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)
=
=

z
use z

c.

fcu

40 N/mm

0.945 d

0.945 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As

410 N/mm
M/(0.87fy.Z)

Apply

2,643 mm
6

T 25

(As prov. =
Table A.7

Checks for minimum steel:

Mosley, Bungay

As min

Bottom

2,945 mm)

0.13Ac/100

Apply

Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

=
4

T 16

650.00 mm
Top

(A's prov.

3.3.2
a.

Table 3.10

BS8110:PART1: 1997

b.

804.25 mm )

CHECKS FOR DEFLECTION

Basic span - effective depth ratio

20.00

To avoid damages to finishes, modified ratio

16.67

Tensile reinforcement modification factor:

Table 3.11

i.

M/bd

BS8110:PART1:

ii.

service stress, fs
= 5fyAsreq./8Asprov.)*1/bb
By interpolation, Modification Factor, MF

1.22

1.22

2.00

1997

iii.

Note:
MF should not
be greater than 2

0.55 + (477 - fs)/(120(0.9+(M/bd))


Use MF

c.

Modified span - effective depth ratio = MF * Basic span - effective ratio =

d.

Actual span - effective depth ratio


Since Modified L/d > Actual L/d,

Design okay w.r.t deflection.

L/d

1.86
255.49 N/mm

20.33

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member:

Diaphragm/Transverse Beam

REF.

CALCULATIONS
DESIGN FOR SHEAR

3.3.3
i.

Design shear Force


Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

Design Shear Stress, v

V/bd

iii.

iv.

298 KN

=
fcu

0.8(fcu)

Checks:

OUTPUT

=
=

Page No.

Date___december '04

0.620 N/mm

40 N/mm

5.060 N/mm

design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25
=
=

(should not be < 1.00)

0.614

0.333 Use 400/d

0.537 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

for this design

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

0.620 N/mm

vc

0.537 N/mm

vc + 0.4 =

0.937 N/mm

i.e. 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

fyv

410 N/mm

0.449
2 Leg stirrup

T 10

and Asv/Sv provided =

300 mm centres
0.524

3.4.1 DESIGN FOR BENDING (SUPPORTS)


Design as a rectangular - beam

Design Moment

Span Length

2,366.213 KNm
2,400 mm

Depth of slab/deck

250 mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


beam depth, h

1250 mm

width of beam web, bw

400 mm

Flange depth, hf

250 mm

fire resistance

2.0 hrs

cover to reinforcement, d'


reinforcement size, f

30.0 mm

16.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

12.0 mm

effective depth, d

=
=

400 mm

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
effective width, b

1250 mm

a.

1,200 mm
bw+(0.7L/5)
400 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

1997

k
therefore, k

since k'

M/bdfcu

fcu

0.103

0.156

it implies that compression steel not required.


ii.

1.00

z
use z

d(0.5 + (0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)


=

0.869 d

0.869 d

40 N/mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member:

Diaphragm/Transverse Beam

REF.

CALCULATIONS
c.

OUTPUT

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As

410 N/mm
M/(0.87fy.Z)

Apply

6,364 mm
8

T 32

(As prov. =
Table A.7

Checks for minimum steel:

Mosley, Bungay

As min

TOP

6,434 mm)

0.13Ac/100

Apply

Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

=
4

T 16

650.00 mm
BOTTOM

(A's prov.

3.4.2
a.

Table 3.10

Page No.

Date___december '04

BS8110:PART1: 1997

b.

804.25 mm )

CHECKS FOR DEFLECTION

Basic span - effective depth ratio

20.00

To avoid damages to finishes, modified ratio

16.67

Tensile reinforcement modification factor:

Table 3.11

i.

M/bd

BS8110:PART1:

ii.

service stress, fs
= 5fyAsreq./8Asprov.)*1/bb
By interpolation, Modification Factor, MF

0.88

0.88

2.00

1997

iii.

Note:
MF should not
be greater than 2

0.55 + (477 - fs)/(120(0.9+(M/bd))


Use MF

c.

Modified span - effective depth ratio = MF * Basic span - effective ratio =

d.

Actual span - effective depth ratio

L/d

4.11
281.63 N/mm

14.58

Since Modified L/d > Actual L/d,

Design okay w.r.t deflection.


3.4.3
DESIGN FOR SHEAR
i.

Design shear Force


Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

Design Shear Stress, v

=
=

V/bd
fcu

Checks:
iii.

iv.

0.8(fcu)

298 KN

0.620 N/mm

40 N/mm

5.060 N/mm

design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25
=
=

(should not be < 1.00)

1.340

0.333 Use 400/d

1.00

0.697 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

0.620 N/mm

vc

0.697 N/mm

vc + 0.4 =

i.e. 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

0.449
2 Leg stirrup

T 10
and Asv/Sv provided =

300 mm centres
0.524

fyv

410 N/mm

1.097 N/mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member:

Page No.

Bridge Beam/Girder

REF.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

4.0 BEAM GIRDERS


These are the main longitudinal load bearing members. They are designed as
rectangular sections, to allow for ease in precast construction.
Their arrangement and spacing is as shown in fig. 1 of this report.
They are designed to be continuous over three spans

15 m

4.1

15 m

15 m

LOADS

4.1.1 Dead loads, Gk:


This is a udl.
a.
slab weight
b.
Cantilever wt
c.
d.
e.

=
=

0.20 *
(2.4 * 4) * 24
=
46.08KN/m
24 { 2 (0.2 * 0.7 ) + 2 *(0.5 * 0.7)}
=
23.52KN/m
Railings
=
2 * (24 * 0.2 * 1.5 )
=
14.40KN/m
5No. * 0.40m * 1.0m * 24KN/m3
Self wt of beams
=
=
48.00KN/m
0.05m * 8.0m * 23KN/m3
wt of surfacing (50mm asphalt)
=
=
9.20KN/m
Total Dead loads, Gk
=
141.20KN/m

Dead load on each beam

141.20/5

28.24KN/m

4.1.2 CONCENTRATED LOADS,PD


Dead loads from diaphragm beam
=
For each beam, PD
=
468.96KN/5

4.1.3
i. Clause 6.2.2
BS 5400:Part II:
1978

a.

Table 11;
Reynolds & Ste-

IMPOSED (LIVE) LOADING

HA Livel loads
HA Knife edge load (KEL)
120KN is recommended as KEL per notional lane.
No of notional lanes
Total KEL
=
120 * 3
Total KEL per beam per span

ii.Table 9;
Reynolds & Steedman : R.C
Designer's H/bk

468.96KN
= 93.80KN

Foot path live load


=

HA udl across bridge


For bridge span

=
=
=

3
360KN
360KN/5

4.0KN/m
=
4.0KN/m2 * 0.70m * 2No

17.80m

5.6KN/m

72.0KN

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CALCULATIONS

Total udl

OUTPUT

10.50KN/m2
=
=
10.50 * 8.0/5
=
16.8KN/m
8.0 used above represents the c/way width.
16.8KN/m2
5.6KN/m
+
22.40KN/m

Equivalent HA udl is
ie load per beam

edman : R.C
Designer's H/bk

=
=

4.1.4 Load combinations: (HA live Loads + Dead Loads)


I. Table 1
BS 5400:Part II:
1978

Loads factors:

a.

ii. Clause 5.1.2


BS 5400:Part II:
1978

Dead
Live

=
=

Gk
Design dead loads, udl,
=
28.24KN/m * 1.15

1.15
1.50

32.48KN/m ( per beam)

b.

PD
Design concentrated dead loads per beam,
=
93.80KN * 1.15
=
107.87KN

c.

Design live loads , udl, Qk


22.40KN/m * 1.50

=
d.

Design concentrated live loads ( KEL)


=
72KN * 1.50

33.60KN/m

108KN

2*107.87

66.08KN/m
107.87

740.07KN

108

2*107.87

2*740.07KN

108

2*107.87

108

2*740.07KN

2*107.87

2*740.07KN

Loading diagram : HA + Dead Load

4.2

DESIGN MOMENTS & SHEAR

The bridge deck and girders are required to support both static and moving loads.
Each element of the bridge must therefore, be designed for the most severe conditions

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CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

that can possibly be developed by a member.


Live loads must be place where they will produce the most severe condition of loading.
The critical positions for placing live loads will not be the same for every member.
Influence lines are therefore used in determining the most severe condition for
loading. Influence lines are primarily used to determine where to place live loads to
cause the maximum effects.
An influence line for a particular response such as reactions, shear force, bending
moment axial force is defined as a diagram in which the ordinate at any point equals
the value of that response attributable to a unit load acting at that point on the
structure.
Influence lines provide a systematic procedure for determining how the force ( or
moment or shear force) in a given part of a structure varies as the applied load moves
about the structure.

4.2.1

Influence Lines for udl

This is used for plotting the influence lines for uniformly distributed loads such as
those due to dead loads, and for the udl portion of HA - live loads.
Influence lines for the bending moments at Support B (penultimate support) will be
first to be plotted.

4.2.1.1
i.

Geometric Properties

Stiffness Coefficients.
Assume a parabolic profile for the girders.

A
Chapter 5.7,

rBhc

rChc

rA

rE

rB

rD

1.3

rChc

Design of r.c.bdg;
Aswani, et al.

rC
=
1.5
with the above r values, the stiffness coefficients obtained from standard
charts for concrete bridges are:
kBA
KDE
=
10.50
=

Fig. 5.25
Design of r.c.bdg;
Aswani, et al.

ii.
Fig. 5.24
Design of r.c.bdg;
Aswani, et al.

kBC
KDC
=
16.00
=
Carry - over factors
Using the same r values, the carry-over factors are obtained by interpolation as
shown below:
CAB =
CBC =
CCD =
-0.905
-0.760
-0.071
CBA =
CCB =
CDC =
-0.415
-0.710
-0.076
CDE =
CED =
-0.415
-0.905
However, since the end spans are discontinuous, the stiffness values are
modified inorder to make the applicable to the members.
The stiffness coefficient at the discontinuous end of the beam AB,which is
discontinuous at end A is
k
=
(1 - CABCBA)KBA

hc

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CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

CAB &CBA arecarryover factors of ends A & B of member AB, while KBA is the
k'BA
iii.

[ 1 - (-0.905 * - 0.415)] * 10.50

6.56 =

k'DE

Distribution factors
We now compute the distribution factors using the stiffness coefficient:
DBA

DBC

kBA

6.56 / {6.56 + 16.00}

0.291

DDE

DDE

SkB
DCB

DCD

1 - DBA
KcB

0.709

16.00 / {16.00 + 16.00} =

DDC

0.5

Skc
1 - DCB

0.500

DDC

4.3.2 Final Support Moments due to udl.


i.

Notations
MAB, MBA, MBC, ...

Final moments at the support

MAB, MBA, MBC, ...

Fixed end moments

CAB, CBA, CBC, ...

Carry - over factors

DAB, DBA, DBC, ...

Distribution factors

M1

=
MBA - CABMBA

M2

MBC - CCBMCB

M3

MCD - CDCMDC

M4
=

MDE - CEDMED
=
CBCDBCDCD
=
-0.760 * 0.709 * 0.500

CBCCCBDBCDCB

-0.760 * -0.710 * 0.709 * 0.500

0.191

CCBDCBDBA

-0.710 * 0.500 * 0.291

-0.103

ii.

Numerical values of fixed end moments


a.

Fig. 5.35
Design of r.c.bdg;
Aswani, et al.

b.

c.

Load in span AB
MAB
=
-0.060L
MBA
=
-0.138L
Load in span BC
MBC
=
-0.101L
MCB
=
-0.111L
Load in span CD
MCD
=
-0.111L
MDC

d.

-0.101L

Load in span DE
MCD
=
-0.138L
MDC

iii.

-0.060L

Final support moments

-0.269

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CALCULATIONS
a.

First span loaded (Span AB)


(1 - DBA) - (2 - DBA)U
M1
MB
=
1 - 2U
(1 - 0.291) - (2 -0.291)0.191
=
[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]

OUTPUT

M1

But

M1

MB

=
=

b.

Second span loaded (Span BC)


DBA(1 -U)MBC - WMCB
MB
=
1 - 2U
0.291(1 - 0.191)MBC - - 0.103MCB
=
[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]
= 0.381MBC + 0.167MCB

0.619M1

MBA - CABMAB

0.619 [-0.138 - (-0.905 * -0.060)]L


-0.119L

Inserting the values for MBC & MCB,

MB

=
=

(0.381 * -0.101)L + (0.167 * -0.111)L


-0.057L

c.

Third span loaded (Span CD)


- UDDEMDC + WMCD
MB
=
1 - 2U
= -0.090MDC - 0.167MCD
Inserting the values for MDC & MCD,

MB
d.

But

(-0.191 * 0.291)MDC + (-0.103)MCD


[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]

=
(0.090 * -0.101)L + (0.167 * -0.111)L
=
-0.028L
Fourth span loaded (Span DE)
UDDE
M4
MB
=
=
1-U
= 0.090M4
M4
= MDE - CEDMDC

0.191 * 0.291
[1 - (2 * 0.191) ]

M4

MB

=
0.090 [-0.138 - (-0.905 * -0.060)]L
=
-0.017L
d.
Value of MB when all spans are loaded
= ( -0.119 - 0.057 - 0.028 - 0.017)L
=
But L = 17.80m
MB
e

Section
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3

-0.114 * 17.80

-0.114L
-36.12KNm

Bending Moment at various sections due to the application of unit load.


after calculating the bending moment at support B, the bending moment
at various sections is now computed due to the application of unit load.
This is as tabulate below:
Calculations
BM ordinates (KNm)
0.000
{(9/25) * (17.80/8)} - 3.612
6.513
{(16/25) * (17.80/8)} -7.224
10.776
{(21/25) * (17.80/8)} - 10.836
12.789

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CALCULATIONS
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0

OUTPUT

{(24/25) * (17.80/8)} - 14.448


{(25/25) * (17.80/8)} - 18.060
{(24/25) * (17.80/8)} - 21.672
{(21/25) * (17.80/8)} -25.284
{(16/25) * (17.80/8)} -28.896
{(9/25) * (17.80/8)} - 32.508
MB = -36.120
{(9/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(16/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(21/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(24/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(25/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(24/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(21/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(16/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120
{(9/25) * (17.80/8)} - 36.120

12.552
10.065
5.328
-1.659
-10.896
-22.383
-36.120
-25.995
-18.120
-12.495
-9.120
-7.995
-9.120
-12.495
-18.120
-25.995
0.000

BM Influence Line Diagram For udl


20

10

0
1

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

-10

-20

-30

-40

1.3.3 HA - live loads udl moments.


from sections 1.1.3 and 1.1.4 of this report,
the ultimate udl due to HA loading is 16.85KN/m .
Using this influence ordinate table above, we now compute the various moments
as below;
a.

Support moments
influence line ordinate
design HA udl live load

=
=

-0.657KNm
16.85KN/m

HA udl support moments

-0.657KNm * 16.85

20

21

22

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CALCULATIONS
=

-11.07 KNm

b.
Span moments
maximum span moment occurs at 0.4L (1st span) and at 3.6L (4th span)
influence line ordinate
=
0.428KNm
design HA udl live load
=
16.85KN/m

HA udl span moments

=
=

0.428KNm * 16.85
7.21 KNm

4.3.4 Dead load udl moments.


from sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.4 of this report,
the udl due to dead loading is 28.24KN/m per beam,
while the factored udl per beam due to dead loads is 32.48KN/m
Using this influence ordinate table above, we now compute the various moments
as below;
a.

Support moments
influence line ordinate
design dead load udl
dead load udl support moments

=
=

-0.657KNm
10.65KN/m

=
=

-0.657KNm * 10.65
-7.00 KNm

b.
Span moments
maximum span moment occurs at 0.4L (1st span) and at 2.6L (3rd span)
influence line ordinate
=
0.428KNm
design dead load udl
=
10.65KN/m

dead load udl span moments

=
=

0.428KNm * 10.65
4.56 KNm

4.2.1.3 HA - live loads udl moments.


from sections 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 of this report,
the udl due to HA loading is 22.40KN/m per beam,
while the factored udl per beam due to HA loading is 33.60KN/m
this is obtained from the HA udl across the bridge span and the foot path live
loads.
Using this influence ordinate table above, we now compute the various moments
as below;
a.

Support moments
influence line ordinate
design HA udl live load
HA udl support moments

=
=

-23.450KNm
33.60KN/m

=
=

-23.45KNm * 33.60
-787.92 KNm

b.
Span moments
maximum span moment occurs at 0.4L (1st span) and at 2.6L (3rd span)
influence line ordinate
=
-28.641KNm
design HA udl live load
=
33.60KN/m

HA udl span moments

=
=

28.641KNm * 33.60
962.34 KNm

OUTPUT

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REF.

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CALCULATIONS

4.2.1.4 Dead load udl moments.


from sections 3.1.1 and 3.1.4 of this report,
the udl due to dead loading is 28.24KN/m per beam,
while the factored udl per beam due to dead loads is 32.48KN/m
Using this influence ordinate table above, we now compute the various moments
as below;
a.
Support moments
influence line ordinate
=
-23.450KNm
design dead load udl
=
32.48KN/m

dead load udl support moments

=
=

-23.45KNm * 32.48
-761.66 KNm

b.
Span moments
maximum span moment occurs at 0.4L (1st span) and at 2.6L (3rd span)
influence line ordinate
=
-28.641KNm
design dead load udl
=
32.48KN/m

4.2.2

dead load udl span moments

=
=

28.641KNm * 32.48
930.26 KNm

Influence Lines for Point Loads

The point loads are due primarily to either HA live loads or the HB live loads.
The beam girder is designed to be continuous over three spans, and has a constant
moment of inertia over all the spans. We can therfore, plot the influence lines using
standard influence line tables for a three span continuous beam.
The following assumptions are made in the analysis of the continuous bridge girders
before using the standard influence tables:
*
The girder is simply supported at the supports and monolithic with the
supports.
*
Rocker or roller bearings are provided at all supports.
Find below the influence line tables and charts at sections 0.1L to 1.5L
We prepared the influence charts only upto 1.5L as the loading is symmetrical over
the three spans.

OUTPUT

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OUTPUT

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OUTPUT

Job No.

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Checked
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OUTPUT

hc

Job No.

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Checked
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OUTPUT

Job No.

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Designed

Checked
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OUTPUT

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked
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OUTPUT

22

Job No.

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Designed

Checked
Page No.

OUTPUT

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked
Page No.

OUTPUT

Job No.

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Member:
REF.

Era

Designed

Checked
Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

15.000 Lm
Span Length
=
Bending Moment Influence Lines At First Internal Support, MB
Influence
Load
Influence Line
Posit Coefficients for
Ordinate
ion
MB
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

0.0
-0.0257
-0.0584
-0.0739
-0.0874
-0.1000
-0.0994
-0.0928
-0.0742
-0.0408
0.0
-0.0754
-0.0614
-0.0746
-0.0774
-0.0750
-0.0664
-0.0484
-0.0316
-0.0156
0.0
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0250
0.0250
0.0220
0.0180
0.0120
0.0060
0.0

0.0
-0.3862
-0.8765
-1.1079
-1.3114
-1.5000
-1.4910
-1.3921
-1.1129
-0.6119
0.0
-1.1316
-0.9205
-1.1189
-1.1609
-1.1250
-0.9960
-0.7261
-0.4739
-0.2340
0.0
0.1125
0.2250
0.3375
0.3750
0.3750
0.3300
0.2700
0.1800
0.0900
0.0

BM Influence Line Ordinates for MB

0.5

0
1
-0.5
-1
-1.5

-2

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

REF.
CALCULATIONS
Influence Line ordinates for BM at Support C (Mc).
Load
Posit
ion

Influence line
coefficient

Influence line
ordinates

0.0
0.1L
0.2L
0.3L
0.4L
0.5L
0.6L
0.7L
0.8L
0.9L
1.0L
1.1L
1.2L
1.3L
1.4L
1.5L
1.6L
1.7L
1.8L
1.9L
2.0L
2.1L
2.2L
2.3L
2.4L
2.5L
2.6L
2.7L
2.8L
2.9L
3.0L

0.0
0.0060
0.0120
0.0180
0.0220
0.0250
0.0250
0.0220
0.0150
0.0070
0.0
-0.0160
-0.0320
-0.0480
-0.0620
-0.0750
-0.0770
-0.0750
-0.0610
-0.0340
0.0
-0.0410
-0.0740
-0.0930
-0.0990
-0.1000
-0.0870
-0.0720
-0.0500
-0.0260
0.0

0.0
0.0900
0.1800
0.2700
0.3300
0.3750
0.3750
0.3300
0.2250
0.1050
0.0
-0.2400
-0.4800
-0.7200
-0.9300
-1.1250
-1.1550
-1.1250
-0.9150
-0.5100
0.0
-0.6150
-1.1100
-1.3950
-1.4850
-1.5000
-1.3050
-1.0800
-0.7500
-0.3900
0.0

0.5

OUTPUT

BM Influence Line Ordinates for MC

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2

Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.1L

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

CALCULATIONS

m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0026
-0.0058
-0.0074
-0.0087
-0.0100
-0.0099
-0.0093
-0.0074
-0.0041
0.0
-0.0075
-0.0061
-0.0075
-0.0077
-0.0075
-0.0066
-0.0048
-0.0032
-0.0016
0.0
0.0008
0.0015
0.0023
0.0025
0.0025
0.0022
0.0018
0.0012
0.0006
0.0

0.0
0.0874
0.0742
0.0626
0.0513
0.0400
0.0301
0.0207
0.0126
0.0059
0.0
-0.0075
-0.0061
-0.0075
-0.0077
-0.0075
-0.0066
-0.0048
-0.0032
-0.0016
0.0
0.0008
0.0015
0.0023
0.0025
0.0025
0.0022
0.0018
0.0012
0.0006
0.0

0.0
1.3114
1.1124
0.9392
0.7689
0.6000
0.4509
0.3108
0.1887
0.0888
0.0000
-0.1132
-0.0920
-0.1119
-0.1161
-0.1125
-0.0996
-0.0726
-0.0474
-0.0234
0.0
0.0113
0.0225
0.0338
0.0375
0.0375
0.0330
0.0270
0.0180
0.0090
0.0

0.0
0.0900
0.0800
0.0700
0.0600
0.0500
0.0400
0.0300
0.0200
0.0100
0.0

0.0

0.0

OUTPUT

Influence Line Ordinate for Load @ 0.1L


1.4
1.2
1

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31

-0.2

Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.2L

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

CALCULATIONS

m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

OUTPUT

Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0051
-0.0117
-0.0148
-0.0175
-0.0200
-0.0199
-0.0186
-0.0148
-0.0082
0.0
-0.0151
-0.0123
-0.0149
-0.0155
-0.0150
-0.0133
-0.0097
-0.0063
-0.0031
0.0
0.0015
0.0030
0.0045
0.0050
0.0050
0.0044
0.0036
0.0024
0.0012
0.0

0.0
0.0749
0.1483
0.1252
0.1025
0.0800
0.0601
0.0414
0.0252
0.0118
0.0
-0.0151
-0.0123
-0.0149
-0.0155
-0.0150
-0.0133
-0.0097
-0.0063
-0.0031
0.0
0.0015
0.0030
0.0045
0.0050
0.0050
0.0044
0.0036
0.0024
0.0012
0.0

0.0
1.1228
2.2247
1.8784
1.5377
1.2000
0.9018
0.6216
0.3774
0.1776
0.0000
-0.2263
-0.1841
-0.2238
-0.2322
-0.2250
-0.1992
-0.1452
-0.0948
-0.0468
0.0
0.0225
0.0450
0.0675
0.0750
0.0750
0.0660
0.0540
0.0360
0.0180
0.0

0.0
0.0800
0.1600
0.1400
0.1200
0.1000
0.0800
0.0600
0.0400
0.0200
0.0

0.0

0.0

2.5
BM Influence Lines at 0.2L
2

1.5

0.5

0
1

-0.5
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.3L

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0077
-0.0175
-0.0222
-0.0262
-0.0300
-0.0298
-0.0278
-0.0223
-0.0122
0.0
-0.0226
-0.0184
-0.0224
-0.0232
-0.0225
-0.0199
-0.0145
-0.0095
-0.0047
0.0
0.0023
0.0045
0.0068
0.0075
0.0075
0.0066
0.0054
0.0036
0.0018
0.0

0.0
0.0623
0.1225
0.1878
0.1538
0.1200
0.0902
0.0622
0.0377
0.0178
0.0
-0.0226
-0.0184
-0.0224
-0.0232
-0.0225
-0.0199
-0.0145
-0.0095
-0.0047
0.0
0.0023
0.0045
0.0068
0.0075
0.0075
0.0066
0.0054
0.0036
0.0018
0.0

0.0
0.9341
1.8371
2.8176
2.3066
1.8000
1.3527
0.9324
0.5661
0.2664
0.0000
-0.3395
-0.2761
-0.3357
-0.3483
-0.3375
-0.2988
-0.2178
-0.1422
-0.0702
0.0
0.0338
0.0675
0.1013
0.1125
0.1125
0.0990
0.0810
0.0540
0.0270
0.0

0.0
0.0700
0.1400
0.2100
0.1800
0.1500
0.1200
0.0900
0.0600
0.0300
0.0

0.0

0.0

BM Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position 0.3L

3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

10

-0.5
-1

Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.4L

15

20

25

30

35

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

CALCULATIONS

m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

OUTPUT

Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0103
-0.0234
-0.0295
-0.0350
-0.0400
-0.0398
-0.0371
-0.0297
-0.0163
0.0
-0.0302
-0.0245
-0.0298
-0.0310
-0.0300
-0.0266
-0.0194
-0.0126
-0.0062
0.0
0.0030
0.0060
0.0090
0.0100
0.0100
0.0088
0.0072
0.0048
0.0024
0.0

0.0
0.0497
0.0966
0.1505
0.2050
0.1600
0.1202
0.0829
0.0503
0.0237
0.0
-0.0302
-0.0245
-0.0298
-0.0310
-0.0300
-0.0266
-0.0194
-0.0126
-0.0062
0.0
0.0030
0.0060
0.0090
0.0100
0.0100
0.0088
0.0072
0.0048
0.0024
0.0

0.0
0.7455
1.4494
2.2568
3.0754
2.4000
1.8036
1.2432
0.7548
0.3552
0.0
-0.4526
-0.3682
-0.4476
-0.4644
-0.4500
-0.3984
-0.2904
-0.1896
-0.0936
0.0
0.0450
0.0900
0.1350
0.1500
0.1500
0.1320
0.1080
0.0720
0.0360
0.0

0.0
0.0600
0.1200
0.1800
0.2400
0.2000
0.1600
0.1200
0.0800
0.0400
0.0

0.0

0.0

BM Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position At 0.4L


3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0

-0.5
-1
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.5L

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

CALCULATIONS

m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

OUTPUT

Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0129
-0.0292
-0.0369
-0.0437
-0.0500
-0.0497
-0.0464
-0.0371
-0.0204
0.0
-0.0377
-0.0307
-0.0373
-0.0387
-0.0375
-0.0332
-0.0242
-0.0158
-0.0078
0.0
0.0038
0.0075
0.0113
0.0125
0.0125
0.0110
0.0090
0.0060
0.0030
0.0

0.0
0.0371
0.0708
0.1131
0.1563
0.2000
0.1503
0.1036
0.0629
0.0296
0.0
-0.0377
-0.0307
-0.0373
-0.0387
-0.0375
-0.0332
-0.0242
-0.0158
-0.0078
0.0
0.0038
0.0075
0.0113
0.0125
0.0125
0.0110
0.0090
0.0060
0.0030
0.0

0.0
0.5569
1.0618
1.6960
2.3443
3.0000
2.2545
1.5540
0.9435
0.4441
0.0
-0.5658
-0.4602
-0.5595
-0.5805
-0.5625
-0.4980
-0.3630
-0.2370
-0.1170
0.0
0.0563
0.1125
0.1688
0.1875
0.1875
0.1650
0.1350
0.0900
0.0450
0.0

0.0
0.0500
0.1000
0.1500
0.2000
0.2500
0.2000
0.1500
0.1000
0.0500
0.0

0.0

0.0

BM Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position At 0.5L


3.5
3
2.5

2
1.5
1
0.5

0
1

-0.5
-1
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.6L

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

m-Coefficients
0.0
0.0400
0.0800
0.1200
0.1600
0.2000
0.2400
0.1800
0.1200
0.0600
0.0

0.0

0.0

CALCULATIONS
Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0154
-0.0351
-0.0443
-0.0525
-0.0600
-0.0596
-0.0557
-0.0445
-0.0245
0.0000
-0.0453
-0.0368
-0.0448
-0.0464
-0.0450
-0.0398
-0.0290
-0.0190
-0.0094
0.0000
0.0045
0.0090
0.0135
0.0150
0.0150
0.0132
0.0108
0.0072
0.0036
0.0

0.0
0.0246
0.0449
0.0757
0.1075
0.1400
0.1804
0.1243
0.0755
0.0355
0.0
-0.0453
-0.0368
-0.0448
-0.0464
-0.0450
-0.0398
-0.0290
-0.0190
-0.0094
0.0
0.0045
0.0090
0.0135
0.0150
0.0150
0.0132
0.0108
0.0072
0.0036
0.0

0.0
0.3683
0.6741
1.1352
1.6132
2.1000
2.7054
1.8648
1.1322
0.5329
0.0
-0.6789
-0.5523
-0.6714
-0.6966
-0.6750
-0.5976
-0.4356
-0.2844
-0.1404
0.0
0.0675
0.1350
0.2025
0.2250
0.2250
0.1980
0.1620
0.1080
0.0540
0.0

OUTPUT

BM Influence Line Ordinates For Load Position At 0.6L


3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5
-1
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.7L

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

m-Coefficients
0.0
0.0300
0.0600
0.0900
0.1200
0.1500
0.1800
0.2100
0.1400
0.0700
0.0

0.0

0.0

CALCULATIONS
Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0180
-0.0409
-0.0517
-0.0612
-0.0700
-0.0696
-0.0650
-0.0519
-0.0286
0.0000
-0.0528
-0.0430
-0.0522
-0.0542
-0.0525
-0.0465
-0.0339
-0.0221
-0.0109
0.0000
0.0053
0.0105
0.0158
0.0175
0.0175
0.0154
0.0126
0.0084
0.0042
0.0

0.0
0.0120
0.0191
0.0383
0.0588
0.0800
0.1104
0.1450
0.0881
0.0414
0.0
-0.0528
-0.0430
-0.0522
-0.0542
-0.0525
-0.0465
-0.0339
-0.0221
-0.0109
0.0
0.0053
0.0105
0.0158
0.0175
0.0175
0.0154
0.0126
0.0084
0.0042
0.0

0.0
0.1796
0.2865
0.5745
0.8820
1.2000
1.6563
2.1756
1.3209
0.6217
0.0
-0.7921
-0.6443
-0.7832
-0.8126
-0.7875
-0.6972
-0.5082
-0.3318
-0.1638
0.0
0.0788
0.1575
0.2363
0.2625
0.2625
0.2310
0.1890
0.1260
0.0630
0.0

OUTPUT

BM Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position At 0.7L


2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5
-1
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.8L

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

0.0
0.0200
0.0400
0.0600
0.0800
0.1000
0.1200
0.1400
0.1600
0.0800
0.0

0.0

0.0

CALCULATIONS
Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0206
-0.0467
-0.0591
-0.0699
-0.0800
-0.0795
-0.0742
-0.0594
-0.0326
0.0000
-0.0604
-0.0491
-0.0597
-0.0619
-0.0600
-0.0531
-0.0387
-0.0253
-0.0125
0.0000
0.0060
0.0120
0.0180
0.0200
0.0200
0.0176
0.0144
0.0096
0.0048
0.0

0.0
-0.0006
-0.0067
0.0009
0.0101
0.0200
0.0405
0.0658
0.1006
0.0474
0.0
-0.0604
-0.0491
-0.0597
-0.0619
-0.0600
-0.0531
-0.0387
-0.0253
-0.0125
0.0
0.0060
0.0120
0.0180
0.0200
0.0200
0.0176
0.0144
0.0096
0.0048
0.0

0.0
-0.0090
-0.1012
0.0137
0.1509
0.3000
0.6072
0.9864
1.5096
0.7105
0.0
-0.9053
-0.7364
-0.8951
-0.9287
-0.9000
-0.7968
-0.5808
-0.3792
-0.1872
0.0
0.0900
0.1800
0.2700
0.3000
0.3000
0.2640
0.2160
0.1440
0.0720
0.0

OUTPUT

BM Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position At 0.8L


2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5
-1
-1.5
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 0.9L

REF.
Load
Posit
ion

CALCULATIONS

m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

OUTPUT

Influence
Coefficients for
MB

m+ MB

Influence Line
Ordinate

0.0
-0.0232
-0.0526
-0.0665
-0.0787
-0.0900
-0.0895
-0.0835
-0.0668
-0.0367
0.0
-0.0679
-0.0552
-0.0671
-0.0697
-0.0675
-0.0598
-0.0436
-0.0284
-0.0140
0.0
0.0068
0.0135
0.0203
0.0225
0.0225
0.0198
0.0162
0.0108
0.0054
0.0

0.0
-0.0132
-0.0326
-0.0365
-0.0387
-0.0400
-0.0295
-0.0135
0.0132
0.0533
0.0
-0.0679
-0.0552
-0.0671
-0.0697
-0.0675
-0.0598
-0.0436
-0.0284
-0.0140
0.0
0.0068
0.0135
0.0203
0.0225
0.0225
0.0198
0.0162
0.0108
0.0054
0.0

0.0
-0.1976
-0.4888
-0.5471
-0.5802
-0.6000
-0.4419
-0.2029
0.1984
0.7993
0.0
-1.0184
-0.8284
-1.0070
-1.0448
-1.0125
-0.8964
-0.6534
-0.4266
-0.2106
0.0
0.1013
0.2025
0.3038
0.3375
0.3375
0.2970
0.2430
0.1620
0.0810
0.0

0.0
0.0100
0.0200
0.0300
0.0400
0.0500
0.0600
0.0700
0.0800
0.0900
0.0

0.0

0.0

BM Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position At 0.9L


1

0.5

0
1

-0.5

-1

-1.5
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 1.1L

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

REF.
m-Coefficients

Load
Posit

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

0.0
0.0100
0.0200
0.0300
0.0400
0.0500
0.0600
0.0700
0.0800
0.0900
0.0

0.0

Influence
0.0
0.0006
0.0012
0.0018
0.0022
0.0025
0.0025
0.0022
0.0015
0.0007
0.0000
-0.0016
-0.0032
-0.0048
-0.0062
-0.0075
-0.0077
-0.0075
-0.0061
-0.0034
0.0000
-0.0041
-0.0074
-0.0093
-0.0099
-0.0100
-0.0087
-0.0072
-0.0050
-0.0026
0.0000

CALCULATIONS
Influence
m+ MB + MC
0.0
-0.0257
-0.0584
-0.0739
-0.0874
-0.1000
-0.0994
-0.0928
-0.0742
-0.0408
0.0000
-0.0754
-0.0614
-0.0746
-0.0774
-0.0750
-0.0664
-0.0484
-0.0316
-0.0156
0.0000
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0250
0.0250
0.0220
0.0180
0.0120
0.0060
0.0000

0.0
-0.0251
-0.0572
-0.0721
-0.0852
-0.0975
-0.0969
-0.0906
-0.0727
-0.0401
0.0000
-0.0670
-0.0446
-0.0494
-0.0436
-0.0325
-0.0141
0.0141
0.0423
0.0710
0.0000
0.0034
0.0076
0.0132
0.0151
0.0150
0.0133
0.0108
0.0070
0.0034
0.0000

OUTPUT
Influence Line
0.0
-0.3772
-0.8585
-1.0809
-1.2784
-1.4625
-1.4535
-1.3591
-1.0904
-0.6014
0.0
-1.0056
-0.6685
-0.7409
-0.6539
-0.4875
-0.2115
0.2114
0.6346
1.0650
0.0
0.0510
0.1140
0.1980
0.2265
0.2250
0.1995
0.1620
0.1050
0.0510
0.0

Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position At 1.1L


1.5

0.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 1.2L

REF.
m-Coefficients

Load
Posit

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

0.0
0.0200
0.0400
0.0600
0.0800
0.1000
0.1200
0.1400
0.1600
0.0800
0.0

0.0

Influence
0.0
0.0012
0.0024
0.0036
0.0044
0.0050
0.0050
0.0044
0.0030
0.0014
0.0000
-0.0032
-0.0064
-0.0096
-0.0124
-0.0150
-0.0154
-0.0150
-0.0122
-0.0068
0.0000
-0.0082
-0.0148
-0.0186
-0.0198
-0.0200
-0.0174
-0.0144
-0.0100
-0.0052
0.0000

CALCULATIONS
Influence
m+ MB + MC
0.0
-0.0257
-0.0584
-0.0739
-0.0874
-0.1000
-0.0994
-0.0928
-0.0742
-0.0408
0.0000
-0.0754
-0.0614
-0.0746
-0.0774
-0.0750
-0.0664
-0.0484
-0.0316
-0.0156
0.0000
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0250
0.0250
0.0220
0.0180
0.0120
0.0060
0.0000

0.0
-0.0245
-0.0560
-0.0703
-0.0830
-0.0950
-0.0944
-0.0884
-0.0712
-0.0394
0.0000
-0.0586
-0.0278
-0.0242
-0.0098
0.0100
0.0382
0.0766
0.1162
0.0576
0.0000
-0.0007
0.0002
0.0039
0.0052
0.0050
0.0046
0.0036
0.0020
0.0008
0.0000

OUTPUT
Influence Line
0.0
-0.3682
-0.8405
-1.0539
-1.2454
-1.4250
-1.4160
-1.3261
-1.0679
-0.5909
0.0
-0.8796
-0.4165
-0.3629
-0.1469
0.1500
0.5730
1.1489
1.7431
0.8640
0.0
-0.0105
0.0030
0.0585
0.0780
0.0750
0.0690
0.0540
0.0300
0.0120
0.0

BM Influence Line Ordinates For Load Position At 1.2L


2

1.5

0.5

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 1.3L

Load
Posit

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

REF.
m-Coefficients

0.0
0.0300
0.0600
0.0900
0.1200
0.1500
0.1800
0.2100
0.1400
0.0700
0.0

0.0

Influence
0.0
0.0018
0.0036
0.0054
0.0066
0.0075
0.0075
0.0066
0.0045
0.0021
0.0000
-0.0048
-0.0096
-0.0144
-0.0186
-0.0225
-0.0231
-0.0225
-0.0183
-0.0102
0.0000
-0.0123
-0.0222
-0.0279
-0.0297
-0.0300
-0.0261
-0.0216
-0.0150
-0.0078
0.0000

CALCULATIONS
Influence
m+ MB + MC
0.0
-0.0257
-0.0584
-0.0739
-0.0874
-0.1000
-0.0994
-0.0928
-0.0742
-0.0408
0.0000
-0.0754
-0.0614
-0.0746
-0.0774
-0.0750
-0.0664
-0.0484
-0.0316
-0.0156
0.0000
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0250
0.0250
0.0220
0.0180
0.0120
0.0060
0.0000

0.0
-0.0239
-0.0548
-0.0685
-0.0808
-0.0925
-0.0919
-0.0862
-0.0697
-0.0387
0.0000
-0.0502
-0.0110
0.0010
0.0240
0.0525
0.0905
0.1391
0.0901
0.0442
0.0000
-0.0048
-0.0072
-0.0054
-0.0047
-0.0050
-0.0041
-0.0036
-0.0030
-0.0018
0.0000

OUTPUT
Influence Line
0.0
-0.3592
-0.8225
-1.0269
-1.2124
-1.3875
-1.3785
-1.2931
-1.0454
-0.5804
0.0
-0.7536
-0.1645
0.0151
0.3601
0.7875
1.3575
2.0864
1.3516
0.6630
0.0
-0.0720
-0.1080
-0.0810
-0.0705
-0.0750
-0.0615
-0.0540
-0.0450
-0.0270
0.0

Influence Line Ordinate For Load Position At 1.3L


2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2

REF.

CALCULATIONS

Bending Moment Influence Lines At 1.4L


Load
Influence
Posit m-Coefficients
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

0.0
0.0400
0.0800
0.1200
0.1600
0.2000
0.2400
0.1800
0.1200
0.0600
0.0

0.0

0.0
0.0024
0.0048
0.0072
0.0088
0.0100
0.0100
0.0088
0.0060
0.0028
0.0000
-0.0064
-0.0128
-0.0192
-0.0248
-0.0300
-0.0308
-0.0300
-0.0244
-0.0136
0.0000
-0.0164
-0.0296
-0.0372
-0.0396
-0.0400
-0.0348
-0.0288
-0.0200
-0.0104
0.0000

OUTPUT

Influence

m+ MB + MC

Influence Line

0.0
-0.0257
-0.0584
-0.0739
-0.0874
-0.1000
-0.0994
-0.0928
-0.0742
-0.0408
0.0000
-0.0754
-0.0614
-0.0746
-0.0774
-0.0750
-0.0664
-0.0484
-0.0316
-0.0156
0.0000
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0250
0.0250
0.0220
0.0180
0.0120
0.0060
0.0000

0.0
-0.0233
-0.0536
-0.0667
-0.0786
-0.0900
-0.0894
-0.0840
-0.0682
-0.0380
0.0000
-0.0418
0.0058
0.0262
0.0578
0.0950
0.1428
0.1016
0.0640
0.0308
0.0000
-0.0089
-0.0146
-0.0147
-0.0146
-0.0150
-0.0128
-0.0108
-0.0080
-0.0044
0.0000

0.0
-0.3502
-0.8045
-0.9999
-1.1794
-1.3500
-1.3410
-1.2601
-1.0229
-0.5699
0.0
-0.6276
0.0875
0.3931
0.8671
1.4250
2.1420
1.5239
0.9601
0.4620
0.0
-0.1335
-0.2190
-0.2205
-0.2190
-0.2250
-0.1920
-0.1620
-0.1200
-0.0660
0.0

BM Influence Ordinate For Load Position At 1.4L


2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
-0.5
-1
-1.5
-2
Bending Moment Influence Lines At 1.5L

Load
Posit

REF.
m-Coefficients

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0

CALCULATIONS
Influence
m+ MB + MC

Influence
0.0
0.0030
0.0060
0.0090
0.0110
0.0125
0.0125
0.0110
0.0075
0.0035
0.0000
-0.0080
-0.0160
-0.0240
-0.0310
-0.0375
-0.0385
-0.0375
-0.0305
-0.0170
0.0000
-0.0205
-0.0370
-0.0465
-0.0495
-0.0500
-0.0435
-0.0360
-0.0250
-0.0130
0.0000

0.0
0.0500
0.1000
0.1500
0.2000
0.2500
0.2000
0.1500
0.1000
0.0500
0.0

0.0

0.0
-0.0257
-0.0584
-0.0739
-0.0874
-0.1000
-0.0994
-0.0928
-0.0742
-0.0408
0.0000
-0.0754
-0.0614
-0.0746
-0.0774
-0.0750
-0.0664
-0.0484
-0.0316
-0.0156
0.0000
0.0075
0.0150
0.0225
0.0250
0.0250
0.0220
0.0180
0.0120
0.0060
0.0000

OUTPUT
Influence Line

0.0
-0.0227
-0.0524
-0.0649
-0.0764
-0.0875
-0.0869
-0.0818
-0.0667
-0.0373
0.0000
-0.0334
0.0226
0.0514
0.0916
0.1375
0.0951
0.0641
0.0379
0.0174
0.0000
-0.0130
-0.0220
-0.0240
-0.0245
-0.0250
-0.0215
-0.0180
-0.0130
-0.0070
0.0000

0.0
-0.3412
-0.7865
-0.9729
-1.1464
-1.3125
-1.3035
-1.2271
-1.0004
-0.5594
0.0
-0.5016
0.3395
0.7711
1.3741
2.0625
1.4265
0.9614
0.5686
0.2610
0.0
-0.1950
-0.3300
-0.3600
-0.3675
-0.3750
-0.3225
-0.2700
-0.1950
-0.1050
0.0

BM Influence Line Ordinates For Load Position At 1.5L


2.5
2
1.5

1
0.5
0
1
-0.5

-1
-1.5

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.

Designed

Era

Checked

Bridge Beam/Girder

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

Since the structure is symmetrical, influence lines are only drawn for load positions
upto 1.5L

4.2.2.1 Bending moments due to


HA live loads (point loads)
Sections 3.1.3
and 3.1.4
of this report

The point loads due to HA live loads is the HA Knife - Edge load (KEL).
With reference to Clause 6.2.2 of BS 5400: Part II: 1978, 120KN of KEL is
recommended per notional lane.
Based on this, the KEL per beam per span is computed as 72.0KN;
while the factored KEL per beam per span is108.0KN

a. Support moments
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

when first span loaded; apply KEL at 0.4L:


when second span loaded; apply KEL at 1.4L:
when third span loaded; apply KEL at 2.6L:
when all three spans are loaded
where P = design KEL = 108.0KN
Therefore M
=
-2.705 * 108.0KN

=
=
=
=

-1.780P
-1.370P
+0.445P
-2.705P

-292.14KNm

b. Span moments
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

when first span loaded; apply KEL at 0.4L:


when second span loaded; apply KEL at 1.4L:
when third span loaded; apply KEL at 2.6L:
when all three spans are loaded,
M
where P = design KEL = 108.0KN
Therefore M
=
10.3134 * 108.0KN

=
=
=
=

3.6526P
3.0082P
3.6526P
10.3134P

1,113.85KNm

4.2.2.2 Total Bending moments due to


HA live loads + Dead loads
a. Support moments
Sections 3.2.1.3
3.2.1.4 & 3.2.2.1
of this report

moments due to HA point loads


moments due to HA udl loads
moments due to dead loads
Design HA + Dead loads

=
=
=
=

-292.14KNm
-787.92KNm
-761.66KNm
-1,841.72KNm

=
=
=
=

1,113.85KNm
962.34KNm
930.26KNm
3,006.45KNm

design HA + Gk
support mmts
= -1,841.72KNm

b. Span moments
moments due to HA point loads
moments due to HA udl loads
moments due to dead loads
Design HA + Dead loads

design HA + Gk
span mmts
= 3,006.45KNm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.

Designed

Bridge Beam/Girder

OUTPUT

4.3 HB Live loading


This is done using a 45 - unit HB loading.
A 45 - unit HB vehicle has 4 axles, carrying 4 wheels each.
weight of each axle
=
10KN
Total axle weight
=
10KN /axle * 4Axles
=
For a 45 - unit HB loading,
wheel load
=
45 * 40KN
=
1,800KN
Total No. of wheels supported
=
16No.
Therefore, load exerted by each wheel =
1,800/16 =
112.50KN
Alternative method of calculating Load exerted by each wheel:
2,500j Newtons
=
(where j = no of units of HB load )

2,500 * 45 / 1,000

1,800

112.5KN

6,100
9,700

1,800

Fig 3: Dimensions of a HB vehicle


75

1,000 1,000 1,000

375

Table 9,
R.C. H/Bk,
Reynolds & Steedman. (10th ed)

DIRECTION OF TRAVEL

1,800

CAXLE

6,100

CAXLE

1,800

CAXLE

CAXLE

Fig 4 : A unit of HB - vehicle configuration

4.3.2
Sect. 1.17(11)
Aswani, et al;
Design of
R.C. Bridges

DISPERSION OF WHEEL LOADS

Dispersion of wheel loads along the span lenghts through the wearing coat,
and deck/slab is not considered.
This is therefore not computed the bridge girders

4.3.3

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

Era

Checked

MOMENTS DUE TO HB LIVE LOADS

40KN

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.

Bridge Beam/Girder

Designed

OUTPUT

a. Supports
The point loads are placed at critical positions to produce maximum effect.

when 1st span only is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
0.3L
-1.2816P
-144.18KNm
0.4L
-1.5486P
-174.22KNm
0.8L
-1.3172P
-148.19KNm
0.9L
-0.7298P
-82.10KNm

-548.69KNm

ii.

iii.

But P = 112.5KNm

when only 3rd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
2.3L
0.3916 P
44.06 KNm
2.4L
0.4450 P
50.06 KNm
2.8L
0.2136 P
24.03 KNm
2.9L
0.1068 P
12.02 KNm

130.16 KNm

iv.

But P = 112.5KNm

when only 2nd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
1.3L
-1.3350P
-150.19KNm
1.4L
-1.3706P
-154.19KNm
1.8L
-0.5696P
-64.08KNm
1.9L
-0.2848P
-32.04KNm

-400.50KNm

But P = 112.5KNm

When all 3 spans are loaded:


Total moments due to HB load
=
-548.69KNm - 400.50KNm + 130.16KNm
=
-819.03KNm

a. Span moment
The point loads are placed at critical positions to produce maximum effect.
i.

when 1st span only is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
0.3L
3.3535 P
377.27 KNm
0.4L
3.6526 P
410.92 KNm
0.8L
1.7942 P
201.85 KNm
0.9L
0.9452 P
106.34 KNm

1,096.37 KNm

ii.

when only 2nd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

i.

Era

Checked

But P = 112.5KNm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.

Designed

Bridge Beam/Girder
BM ordinate
2.5472 P
3.0082 P
0.4486 P
0.1050 P

iii.

BM
286.56
338.42
50.47
11.81
687.26

OUTPUT
But P = 112.5KNm

KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm
KNm

when only 3rd span is loaded


The influence values are as tabulated below.
Load Position
BM ordinate
BM
2.3L
0.9452 P
106.34 KNm
2.4L
1.7942 P
201.85 KNm
2.8L
3.6526 P
410.92 KNm
2.9L
3.3535 P
377.27 KNm

1,096.37 KNm

iv.

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
Load Position
1.3L
1.4L
1.8L
1.9L

Era

Checked

But P = 112.5KNm

When all 3 spans are loaded:


Total moments due to HB load
=
1,096.37KNm + 687.26KNm + 1,096.37KNm
=
2,880.00KNm

4.3.4 Total Bending moments due to


HB live loads + Dead loads
a. Support moments
Sections 3.2.1.4
& 3.3.3

moments due to HB point loads


moments due to dead loads

=
=

-819.03KNm
-761.66KNm

Design HB + Dead loads

-1,580.69KNm

moments due to HB point loads


moments due to dead loads

=
=

2,880.00KNm
930.26KNm

Design HA + Dead loads

3,810.26KNm

design HB + Gk
support mmts
= -1,580.69KNm

of this report

b. Span moments
design HB + Gk
span mmts
= 3,810.26KNm

4.4 Design Moments


The design moment is obtained by comparing the HA + Dead load moments
with those of the HB + Dead load moments.

a.

Support Moments
HA + Dead Load Moments
HB + Dead Load Moments

=
=

-1,841.72KNm
-1,580.69KNm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.

Designed

Bridge Beam/Girder
b.

OUTPUT

Design moment is that due to HA + Dead load moment =

-1,841.72KNm

Span Moments
HA + Dead Load Moments
HB + Dead Load Moments

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS

Era

Checked

=
=

3,006.45KNm
3,810.26KNm

Design moment is that due to HB + Dead load moment =

3,810.26KNm

DESIGN MOMENTS
Design support moments

-1,841.72KNm (Hogging)

Design span mmts

3,810.26KNm

4.5

DESIGN FOR BENDING

Table 3.2

h
=
1,000mm
bw
=
(0.33 to 0.5) h
Therefore
333.33
use bw
=
450mm
410N/mm2
fy
=
40N/mm2
fcu
=

BS 8110:Part I:
1985

Conditions of exposure
=
Severe,
and d
=
1,000 - 40 - 32/2 - 12 =

R.C. Design,3rd
ed, Mosley &
Bungey

a.

500

Bar Diameter
ie
d'
930mm

32mm

40mm

SPAN DESIGNS
Design moments

Clause 3.4.4.4
BS 8110:Part I:
1985

bw

3,810.26KNm

(Sagging)

Assuming moment redistribution less than or equal to10%,


k'
=
0.156
i.

M/bd2fcu

3,810.26 * 106 /(450 *9302 * 40)

250

0.245

1000

Ch. 17.3

(Sagging)

Since k is greater than k',


Compression steel required.
Eqn 2,
Clause 5.3.2.3
BS 5400:Part IV:
1990

450

ii

Z/d

0.5 + (0.25 - k'/0.9)0.5 =

0.780

k is greater than k'.


Compression

iii

As'

Required

( k - k')bd2fcu/ {0.87* fy(d - d')}

steel required

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.

Designed

Bridge Beam/Girder

Eqn 1,
Clause 5.3.2.3
BS 5400:Part IV:

iv.

k'bd2fcu

0.87 fy Z

1990

b.

As'

0.156 * 450 *9302 *40


+
0.87 * 410 * 0.78 * 930
12,198.26 mm2
(Bottom)

2,812.22mm2

SUPPORT DESIGNS
Design moments

Clause 3.4.4.4
BS 8110:Part I:
1985

OUTPUT

(0.233 -0.156) * 30 * 450 *9302


0.87 * 425 * ( 930 - 40)
2,812.22mm2 (Top)

Required
=

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
=

Era

Checked

1,841.72KNm

(Hogging)

Assuming moment redistribution less than or equal to10%,


k'
=
0.156
i.

M/bd2fcu

1,841.72 * 106 /(450 *9302 * 40)


=
Since k is less than k',
Compression steel required.

0.118

Clause 5.3.2.3
BS 5400:Part IV:
1990

ii

Z/d

0.5 + (0.25 - k'/0.9)0.5

iii

As

=
=
=

M/0.87fyZ
1,841.72 *106/(0.87 * 410 * 0.845 * 930)
6,570.23mm (Top)

0.845

REINFORCEMENT
Apply
16 No. T32 Bars ( Bottom) in 3 rows
14,472 mm2
As provided =
Apply

6 No. T32 Bars ( Top)


6 No. T20 Bars ( Top)
As provided =

As
=
4,824mm
As
=
1,884mm
6,708 mm2

DESIGN FOR SHEAR


page 11 of this

Maximum shear ,
V
=
740.07KN
The shear stress is borne by a combination of bent-up bars and stirrups.

a.

BENT - UP BARS

6No.f32mm bars are bent - up in a double bent-up system. They are bent at45o
and have spacing of 400mm.
therefore,shear resistance of the bent up bars is

Reinforcement
Bottom:
Apply
16T32
Top:
Apply
6T32 + 6T20

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.

Designed

Bridge Beam/Girder
V

1.34fyvAsb

Area of bent-up bars =

fyv
=
Therefore,

=
=

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
Asb

Era

Checked

OUTPUT

6No. * 804

4,830mm

410N/mm

1.34 * 410 * 4,830 * 10


2653.6 KN

-3

As shown in the calculation above, the shear has already been borne by the bent up bars.
The shear liks to be provided will now be nominal and to als prevent cracks on the beam sides.

SHEAR LINKS
a

Design Shear Stress


v
=
V/bd

=
=

740.07 * 103/(450 * 930)


1.77N/mm2

CHECKS
0.8 * (fcu)0.5

0.5

= 0.8 * (30)
0.5
Since v is far less than 0.8 * (fcu)

4.38N/mm2

than
0.8 * (fcu)0.5

It implies that shear is okay


Table 9

Depth factor, s

1.25

1.25 * 0.41

Since v is far less

shear

BS 5400:Part IV:
1990
Table 8

svc

Therefore,
vc

0.41

0.513N/mm2

( By interpolation)

BS 5400:Part IV:
1990

Clause 5.4.4

And Table 7
BS 5400:Part IV:
1990

1.25 * 0.41

0.513N/mm2

v
<
svc
It implies that shear reinforcement is required.

Asv/Sv

0.4 b/0.87fyv

=
=

0.4 * 1000 / (0.87 * 425)


1.08

Provide T12 Bars at 200mm centres, reinforcement chairs, as shear


reinforcement.
(Asv/Sv
provided =
1.13 )
Area of 4 - legs
(Asv/Sv
provided

452mm2
452mm2/200

=
=

CHECKS FOR DEFLECTION


Table 3.10 and
Clause 3.4.6
BS 8110 :

since

BS 5400:Part IV:
1990
Clause 5.3.3.2

svc

Therefore,

Basic

Span
d

26.0

2.26

Provide a 4 - leg
stirrup, T12 Bars
at 200mm centres.
as shear reinfor -

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD
Member:
REF.
Part I :1985

Table 3.1

Designed

Bridge Beam/Girder
=

Service stresss, fs

BS 8110 :

Page No.

Date___december '04

CALCULATIONS
M
b d

Era

Checked

OUTPUT

3,810.26 * 106
450 * 9302

5 * fy * As Reqd
8 * As Prov.

9.79
1

Bb

Part I :1985

=
=

5 * 410 * 12,198.26
8 * 14,472
239.99N/mm2

And Modification Factor, M.F.

Therefore,

1
0.9

( 477 - 239.99)
120 * (0.9 + 9.17)
Limiting Span
d

Actual Span
d

( 477 - fs)
+
120 * (0.9 + M/ b d2)

0.55

0.55

0.8

M.F. * 26

0.75 * 26

19.50

17,500
930

18.82

Since
Actual

d
is less than

Since

Actual Span
d

<

Limiting Span
d

Limiting L
d

Excessive Deflection is remote.

It implies that the


Design is okay w.r.t
deflection

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

design HA + Gk
support mmts
= -1,841.72KNm

design HA + Gk

= 3,006.45KNm

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

design HB + Gk
support mmts
= -1,580.69KNm

design HB + Gk

= 3,810.26KNm

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

450

k is greater than k'.

Compression

steel required

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

Reinforcement

6T32 + 6T20

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

beam sides.

e v is far less

de a 4 - leg
p, T12 Bars
0mm centres.
ear reinfor -

Era

Page No.

OUTPUT

is less than

t implies that the

Design is okay w.r.t

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

Page

Bridge Piers

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

5.0 BRIDGE PIERS


5.1

MEMBER SIZING

T 169 & 170;


Reynolds & Ste-

The pier are braced and restrained at both ends

edman : R.C

Effective length , Le

8,000mm

Designer's H/bk
(10th ed)

The piers are designed as reinforced concrete walls


1,500mm wide
Slenderness ratio

600mm thickness

Le/h

8,000/600

8.33 < 10

This implies that pier is a slender column.

5.2
i.

AXIAL LOADS
Dead Loads
a.

Self weights of piers:


2No. * 1.50m * 0.60m * 8.0 * 24KN/m3

b.

345.60 KN

87.12 KN

(740.07 * 6No ) + (6.79KN/m * 11.0m)

4515.11 KN

TOTAL DEAD LOADS

4,947.83 KN

Pier Cap (self weight) :


1.10m * 0.30m * 11.0m * 24KN/m3

c.

ii.

Deck and beam loads:

Live Loads
a.

KEL

b.

Deck live loads


=

c.

40KN/m * 11.0m

17.50m * 8.0m * 10.5KN/m2

440.00KN

1,470.00KN

210.00KN

Foot Path live loads


=

2No. * 17.50m * 1.5m * 4.0KN/m2

TOTAL LIVE LOADS

iii. Design Axial Loads

2,120.00 KN

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

Page

Bridge Piers

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

Table 2.1
BS 8110:Part I:

Total Axial load, N

1997

(1.4 * 4,947.83) + (1.6 * 2,120.0)

No of piers

10,318.96 KN

Design Axial load

Therefore, Design Axial load per pier:


=

5.3
Clause 6.6
BS 5400: Part II

A.

10,318.96KN/2

per pier:
5,159.48 KN

= 5,159.48KN

HORIZONTAL LOADS
Longitudinal Force Lf
Longitudinal loads resulting from traction or breaking of vehicles
shall be taken as the more severe of nominal loads for type HA
and nominal loads for type HB, applied at the road surface, and
parallel to it in one nominal lane.

Clause 6.6.1

i.

BS 5400: Part II

type HA loading
The nominal load for HA shall be 8KN/m of loaded length
plus 200KN, subject to a maximum of 700KN.

Clause 6.6.1

ii.

BS 5400: Part II

Loaded length

8.0m

Longitudinal force

( 8 * 8.0m) + 200

264.0KN

type HB loading
The nominal load for HB shall be 25% of the total nominal
HB load adopted.
45 units of HB load was adopted
Longitudinal force

iii.

0.25 * 1,800

1,800KN
=

450KN

From above calculations, design longitudinal loading


comes from HB loading

iv.

Moments due to Lf:

450KN

Moments due

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

Page

Bridge Piers

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
mmt at the base of the pier due to Lf,

to Lf:

Ml

Le. Lf

450 *8.0m

B.

OUTPUT
3,600.0KNm

3600.00 KNm

Wind Loads, W
Exposed heiht of the structure
=

Depth of

Height of

girders

Height of

kerbs

railing

1.0m

0.45m

1.05m

Loaded lengt

17.50m ( Bridge span)

2.50m

Exposed height contributing to wind pressure per pier


=

span * height

17.50m * 2.50m

Table 1.1

Height of piers

Aswami, et al:

By interpolation, wind pressure

43.75m2

5.0m
=

1.4KN/m2

Design of con crete Bridges

Therefore, wind force on exposed surface, W


=

1.4KN/m2

Wind on HB live load

43.75m2

Vehicle length *

61.25KN

3KN/m

(3KN/m being the lateral wind load, acting 1.5m above the roadway).
Length of HB vehicle

Wind load on HB live load

Total wind foce

9.75m
=

9.75m * 3.0KN/m

29.25KN

61.25

90.60KN

the design wind load

29.25KN

105.0KN

wind load
=

This force is assumed to be acting at the mid- point of the exposed


height:

2.5/2

1.25m

105.0KN

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

Page

Bridge Piers

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

Therefore, Moment at the base of the pier about the y - y axis, due to
wind force is
Mw

C.
Bureau of Public

mmt due to wind

wind load * (pier ht + pier cap ht + mid ht)

force, Mw

105.0 * (8.0m + 0.8 +1.25m )

740.25KNm

1,055.25 KNm

Water Force Currents


The pressure due to water currents is computed from the equations:

Roads,
Washington, D.C.

Pw

K r w A V2
2g

where,

Pw

Total force on surface in KN

rw =

unit weight of water in KN/m3

Area of wetted surface in m2

10 * 0.60m

velocity of the water current in m/s ( due to the high

9.81 KN/m3

6.0 m2

velocity of rivers in this area, V is assumed to be 3.2 m/s)


=

9.81 m/s2

acceleration due to gravity

1.8 for rectangular piers, is a function of the pier shape

Pw

Pw = 55.30KN
Therefore,

1.0 * 9.81 * 6.0 * 3.2

55.30KN

2 * 9.81
This force is assumed to act at two - thirds the highest water level.
=

5.0 * 2/3

3.33m

Moment at the base due to water current,


Mp

55.30KN * 3.33m

184.15 KNm

Mp
=

184.15KNm

Design Moments, M

pp 22 & 23 of

Total mmt at the base of pier, M

this work.

3,600.00 +
=

1,055.25 +

Ml + Mw + Mp

184.15

4,839.40 KNm
Design mmt per

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

Page

Bridge Piers

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
Design moments per pier

4,839.40 /2

OUTPUT
2,419.70 KNm

pier

2,419.70KNm

5.4
a.

STRUCTURAL DESIGNS
Longitudinal Bars (vertical)

Page 21 of this

2,419.70 KNm

report

5,159.48 KN

wall thickness

600 - {40 + 0.5*(25) }

600mm

548mm

Clause 5.5.3.3

The design charts that form BS 8110: Part III may be used for the design

BS 5400:Part IV

of rectangular and circular column sections having a symmetrical arran gement of reinforcements. The same charts are used in Reynolds & Steed-

Table 154;
Reynolds & Ste-

man's R.C. Designer's Handbook.


d/h

548/600

0.90

edman : R.C
Designer's H/bk

M/bh2fcu

10th ed

2,419.70 * 106/1,500 * 6002 * 30

N/bhfcu

0.149
5,159.48 * 103/1,500 * 600 * 30

=
By interpolation, ef fcu/fy

ef

0.191
=

0.20

0.20 *30/410

=
Asc

Reqd

0.01

ef

Ac

ef

1,500 * 600

9,000 mm2

Reinforcement required on either face of the wall


=

9,000 mm2
2.00

CHECKS

4,500 mm2

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

Page

Bridge Piers

Date___december '04

REF.

CALCULATIONS
a.

100 * Asc

Minimum steel area

OUTPUT
>

1.00

Ac

Asc

1.0 * Ac

minimum

1.0 *1,000 * 600

100.00

Asc

6,000 mm2

minimum

100.00

per m run of pier

100 * Asc

Maximum steel area

<

6.00

Ac

Asc

maximum

6.0 * Ac

6.0 *1,000 * 600

100.00

Asc

maximum

100.00

36,000 mm2

per m run of pier

Provide 16 T25
at 100mm c - c

1 Provide T25 at 100mm c - c on each face of wall


Asc

provided

on each face of wall

4,910mm
Provide T2 5 at

2 Provide T2 5 at 150mm c - c on each face of wall as distribution bars


Asy

provided

3, 437 mm

150mm c - c on
each face of wall
as distribution bars

5.5

LINKS

Ch. 9.3
R.C. Design,3rd
ed, Mosley &

Minimum size

0.25 * Largest compression bar

0.25 * 32

8.0mm

Bungey
Maximum spacing

12 * 32mm

384mm

Apply T12 bars as wall clips at 300mm c - c ( either ways)

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Design Axial load

= 5,159.48KN

Moments due

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT
3,600.0KNm

105.0KN

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT
mmt due to wind
=

Pw = 55.30KN

184.15KNm

Design mmt per

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT
2,419.70KNm

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Provide 16 T25
at 100mm c - c
on each face of wall

Provide T2 5 at
150mm c - c on
each face of wall
as distribution bars

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

PRECAST CONCRETE PIER CAP

REF.

Page

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

6.0 DESIGN OF PRECAST CONCRETE CAP BEAM


This is designed to support its own self weight & loads from the precast longitudinal beam girders. For structural
rigidity and continuity, it is cast integral with the transverse/cross (or diaphragm) beams.
This implies that deflection and shear of this beam is not a serious design criteria for this member. Deflection was not
checked for this member, but will be checked for the transverse beams. Shear could be checked for the integral
element (i.e. cap beam + the cross beam). Even though chances of excessive shear is very remote in the integral
structure, it was checked to allow fo the shear reinforcement to be used as the starter bars for the cross beams.

6.1

LOADING

1.55

6.50

1.55

9.60

Ra

Rb

Reaction from beam girders

i.

Load from beam girders

5R

=
ii.

Self weight of pier cap

iii.

1.50 * 7.92

0.5( F

1.10m * 0.30m * 24KN/m3

Rb

6.2

11.88 KN/m

( 11.88 * 9.6 ))

3,757.37 KN

DESIGN MOMENTS

Maximum moments occur at the midspan


Mmax

- ( 2 * 740.07 ) * ( 2.4 + 4.8 ) - (31.68 * 4.82 *0.50)


+

=
ii.

7.92 KN/m

Rxns
Ra

i.

5 * (2* 740.07)

7400.7 KN

=
Design udl

(3,757.37 * 6.5 * 0.5 )

1,189.49 KNm

Cantilever mmts
=
=

6.3

( 1.55 * 2 *740.07) + ( 11.88 * 1.552 * 0.50)


2,308.13 KNm

DESIGN FOR BENDING (MID-SPAN)

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

PRECAST CONCRETE PIER CAP

REF.

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

Design as a rectangular - beam

Design Moment

1,189.490 KNm

Span Length

6,500 mm

Depth of slab/deck

250 mm

beam depth, h

300 mm

width of beam web, bw

1100 mm

Flange depth, hf

0 mm

fire resistance

2.0 hrs

cover to reinforcement, d'

30.0 mm

reinforcement size, f

16.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

12.0 mm

effective depth, d

1100

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
=

effective width, b

mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d

300

a.

250 mm

bw+(0.7L/5)
1,100 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

M/bdfcu

therefore, k

1997

since k'

fcu

0.433

0.156

40 N/mm

it implies that compression steel required.


use z
c.

0.775 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As'

=
Apply

410 N/mm
((k-k')fcu.bd2) /(0.87fy.(d-d'))
11

T 32

(As prov.
As

8,528 mm2

TOP

8,847 mm2

(k'fcu.bd2) /(0.87fy.z) + As'

14,736 mm2

Table A.7
Mosley, Bungay

Apply

19

T 32
(As prov.

Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

6.4 DESIGN FOR SHEAR

BOTTOM
=

Page

Date:december '04

15,281 mm2

mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

PRECAST CONCRETE PIER CAP

REF.

CALCULATIONS
i.

OUTPUT

Design shear Force


Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

0.8(fcu)

V/bd

3,757 KN

13.663 N/mm

5.060 N/mm

fcu =

design okay with respect to shear

(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc

(should not be < 1.00)

5.358

1.600

0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25

Use 400/d =

1.106 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

13.663 N/mm

vc

1.106 N/mm

vc + 0.4

ie (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

fyv

410 N/mm

38.724

30 Leg stirrup
T 16

and Asv/Sv provided =

6.5

40

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc

=
iv.

Design Shear Stress, v


Checks:

iii.

Page

Date:december '04

150 mm centres
40.212

DESIGN FOR BENDING (CANTILEVER)

1.506

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

PRECAST CONCRETE PIER CAP

REF.

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

Design as a rectangular - beam

Design Moment

2,308.130 KNm

Span Length

1,550 mm

Depth of slab/deck

250 mm

beam depth, h

300 mm

width of beam web, bw

1100 mm

Flange depth, hf

0 mm

fire resistance

2.0 hrs

cover to reinforcement, d'

30.0 mm

reinforcement size, f

16.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

12.0 mm

effective depth, d

1100

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
=

effective width, b

mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d

300

a.

250 mm

bw+(0.7L/5)
1,100 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

M/bdfcu

therefore, k

1997

since k'

fcu

0.839

0.156

40 N/mm

it implies that compression steel required.


use z
c.

0.775 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As'

=
Apply

410 N/mm
((k-k')fcu.bd2) /(0.87fy.(d-d'))
27

T 32

(As prov.
As

21,072 mm2

BOTTOM

21,715 mm2

(k'fcu.bd2) /(0.87fy.z) + As'

27,280 mm2

Table A.7
Mosley, Bungay

Apply

34

T 32
(As prov.

Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

6.6 DESIGN FOR SHEAR

TOP
=

Page

Date:december '04

27,344 mm2

mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


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Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

PRECAST CONCRETE PIER CAP

REF.

CALCULATIONS
i.

OUTPUT

Design shear Force


Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

0.8(fcu)

V/bd

3,757 KN

13.663 N/mm

5.060 N/mm

fcu =

40

design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


=

iv.

Design Shear Stress, v


Checks:

iii.

Page

Date:december '04

(should not be < 1.00)

9.920

1.600

0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25

Use 400/d =

1.358 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

13.663 N/mm

vc

1.358 N/mm

vc + 0.4

ie (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

37.947

30 Leg stirrup
T 16

and Asv/Sv provided =

150 mm centres
40.212

fyv

410 N/mm

1.758

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

. Deflection was not

ote in the integral

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES

Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

BRIDGE ABUTMENT

REF.

Date:december

CALCULATIONS

7.0

Page

'04

OUTPUT

BRIDGE ABUTMENT

The design of the bridge abutment takes care of only the frontal wall and excludes the wing walls.
Stability conditions ( over-turning and sliding) are met even though the foundation bears on
end - bearing piles.
The walls are designed as retaining structures with the traffic load as surcharge.
The back faces of the abutment wall will be subjected to hydrostatic forces from ground water.
A 300mm thick layer of French drain is provided at the face of the wall. Drainage pipes (weep holes)
are then provided, to dissipate the hydrostatic pressure. The weep holes are f150mm pvc
pipes placed from the back to the front of the walls.

7.1

FORCES AND MOMENTS

The backfill material will be a granular material of saturated density


2,000Kg/m3
=
19.60KN/m3
=
o

Table 10;
Reynolds & Ste-

Angle of internal friction


=
A
=
3
Bulk Weight , dry
= 17.30KN/m
Height of abutment
= 8.00m
w
=
Weight of abutment wall
W
=
Weight of soil
h
=
H/2
=
10.50/2
Ha Surcharge load on retaining walls
10.0KN/m2
qs
=

edman : R.C
Designer's H/bk

Ka

1
1

- Sin A
+ Sin A

1
1

- Sin 30
+ Sin 30

30 o

5.25m

0.3

7.1.1 HORIZONTAL FORCES AND MOMENTS


i.

Active earth pressure, Pa

0.5 * Ka * rsat * H2

0.5 * 0.33 * 19.60 * 8.02

Taking mmts about the toe, Lever arm

and mmt

=
=
=

206.98KN * 3.50m

Surcharge load per unit length of wall


Qs
=
=
Ka * H * qs
=
0.33 * 8.0 * 10
=
Mmts about the toe
= 26.40 * H/2

206.98 KNm

h1 =
h1
3
3
2.067m
724.43 KNm
( Overturning)

ii.

26.40 KN
=
105.60 KNm
( Overturning)

Surcharge
load is
26.40KN

KABIR & ASSOCIATES

Job No.

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Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

BRIDGE ABUTMENT

REF.

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

Page

'04

q
Ground Level

Surcharge Pressure

H = 8.0m

Qs

h1= 10.50m

Member

Date:december

y =h1/2

Fs

Pa

Active Earth
Pressure

1.25m

h1/3

1,225mm

4,275mm

850mm t =750mm

P1

7.1.2
a.

P3

3,900mm

Bearing Pressures

P2

VERTICAL LOADS

Stem weight per unit length, w

Stem wt per m

Job No.

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Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

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Member

BRIDGE ABUTMENT

REF.

Date:december

CALCULATIONS
w

=
=

b.

144.00 KN

144.0 * ( 0.85 + t/2)

176.40 KNm
Base weight / m

rconc * t b* B

24 * 2.50 * 5.50m

mmt about toe

=
=

Soil weight/m
=
611.52KN
=

611.52 KN

Lever arm = 0.85 + 0.75 + 3.90/2


=
3.55 m
611.52 * 3.55
=
2,170.90 KNm

Loads from beams (total rxns) per Lm of wall


=
{(740.07 * 6No. ) + (6.79 *11.0)} / 9

419.50 KN

mmts about toe,


M
=
419.50 * (0.85 +0.75/2)

513.89 KNm

7.2

330.00KN

330.00 KN

330.00 * 5.5 * 0.5


907.50 KNm

Soil weight per unit length, W


= width * height * rsoil
=
3.90 * 8.0 * 19.60

mmts about toe:


mmt
=
d.

= 144.0KN

24 * 0.75 * 8.0

Base weight per unit length, Bw


=
=

c.

OUTPUT

rconc * t * H

mmt about the toe, M

Page

'04

CHECKS FOR STABILITY

The critical conditions for stability are when a maximum horizontal force acts with a minimal vertical load.

7.2.1 OVERTURNING
1.6 * Overturning mmts < 0.9 Restraining mmts
Overturning mmts

=
724.43
and 1.6 * Overturning mmts
Restraining mmts
=
176.40 +
=

Sum of horizontal mmts


(mmts from Pa & Qs )
+
105.60
=
=
1,328.05 KNm

Sum of vertical mmts


907.50 +
2,170.90 +

830.03 KNm

513.89

3,768.69 KNm

0.9 of restraining mmts

3,391.82 KNm

Since 0.9 * Restraining mmts >> 1.6 * Overturning mmts,


It implies that the design is safe against overturning.

7.2.2

SLIDING

For no heel beam,

Design is safe
against over turning.

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES

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Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Member

BRIDGE ABUTMENT

REF.

Date:december

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

u ( 0.9 Gk + 0.9Vk )
> rf * Hk
(Vk + Gk )
=
Sum of vertical forces
=
144.00 +
330.00 +
611.52
=
1,505.02 KN
m

coefficient of friction

Frictional resisting force

Hk

=
=

=
=

=
=

419.50

0.50 ( assumed)

0.5 * 0.9 * 1,505.02KN


677.26 KN

Sum of horizontal forces


206.98 +
26.40

Sliding force

Page

'04

233.38 KN

1.6 * 233.38
373.41 KN

Design is safe
against sliding

Since frictional resisting force exceeds sliding force, it implies that


design is safe against sliding

7.3

DESIGN FOR BENDING ( WALLS)

The stem (wall) is designed to resist maximum moments caused by horizontal forces.
Like for all cantilever retaining walls, this is designed as a slab.
Design horizontontal force
Maximum overturning mmts
Clause 3.4.4.4
BS 8110: Part 1

Design moments

=
=
=

373.41 KN
1,328.05 KNm

Design mmt
=333.39KNm

1,328.05 KNm (Sagging)

Assuming moment redistribution less than or equal to10%,


k'
=
0.156
i.

M/bd2fcu

=
=

1,328.05 * 106 /(1,000 *7002 * 30)


0.090

Since k is greater than k',


Compression steel required.
ii
Clause 5.3.2.3
BS 5400:Part IV: Asx
1990

Tables A7 & A8,

Asv

R.C. Designs;
Mosley,Bungey &
Hulse;( 5th ed.)

Asv

Z/d

M/(0.87fyZ)

min

max

0.5 + (0.25 - k /0.9)0.5

=
=

0.887

1,328.05 * 106/(0.87 * 410 * 0.887 * 700 )


5,996.38 mm

0.4 * A col / 100

0.4 * 1,000 * 750 / 100

4.0 * A col / 100

3,000mm2

KABIR & ASSOCIATES

Job No.

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Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

BRIDGE ABUTMENT

REF.

Date:december

CALCULATIONS
=

OUTPUT

4.0 * 1000 * 750 / 100

30,000mm

thus area of steel required on either face of wall = 2,998.19mm


Apply

T 25
(As prov.

150

Page

'04

Provide T20 at
100mm centre
- centre on
either face of
wall.

mm On each face of wall

3,272 mm2

LINKS
Chapter 9.3
R.c. Designs;
Mosley & Bungey
( 3rd ed.)

Minimum size

0.25* 20

5.0mm

Maximum spacing

12 *20

240.0mm

Apply T12 as wall clips at 200mm c/c either ways.

Apply T12 as
wall clips at
200mm c/c
either ways.

Job No.

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Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

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Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS

8.0 PILE FOUNDATION DESIGN


8.1

INTRODUCTION

Piles are relatively long and slender members used in transmitting foundation loads through
soil strata of low bearing capacity of low bearing capacity to deeper soil or rock strata having
a higher bearing capacity.
The piles must extend to a firmer soil so that the load is borne by
(i). end bearing, (ii). friction
and (iii). Combination of (i) and (ii).

8.2

PURPOSES OF PILES

Used in normal ground conditions to resist uplift pressure or in poor soil conditions
to resist horizontal loads;
** To transfer loads through water and soft soils to a suitable bearing stratum by means of
end bearing of these piles;
*** To carry the foundation loads through the depth of scour and to provide safety in the event
that the soil is eroded away;
**** The combined mass and bending resistance of the pile group serves as protection against
ship and boat collision.

8.3

DEEP SOIL INVESTIGATION

Sub-soil survey was carried out inorder to determine the depth to firm soil and the properties
of the soil. This information will provide a guide to the length of pile required; and the probable
safe load capacity of piles.
From the deep soil investigation reports, it is indicated that piles will reach refusal at depths
between 5.50m and 13.65m.

8.4

REASONS FOR CHOICE OF PILE TYPE

Piles to be used are steel cased reinforced concrete end-bearing piles , driven
into the ground until it reaches the bearing stratum.
The steel shell casing are of a uniform cross-section.
- These piles have a relatively large bearing capacity (upto 75Tons per pile)
- They are permanent
- They can be treated for sea water installation.
- It is easy to alter the pile lengths.
- Damages due to handling or driving are eliminated.

8.5

Page

LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF PILES


& GROUP ACTION

When a single end-bearing pile is acted upon by an axial load,Q, the soil above the tip is stressed.
If a group of piles arranged at ordinary pile spacing and each is acted upon by an axial load, Q,
the stress at any given point is equal to the sum of stresses introduced by each of these piles.
The total stress may be several times greater than, or may even be considerably less than

OUTPUT

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Page

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

that under a single pile load.


The load capacity for a group of end-bearing piles on a thick stratum of rock or compact gravel
is substantially the sum total of the resistance of each individual pile.

8.6 QUANTITY OF PILE REQUIRED & ARRANGEMENT


8.6.1
Section 5.2 (iii)
of this report

PILES FOR BRIDGE PIERS

i. Total axial load from bridge pier

10,318.96 KN

ii. Weight of pier pile cap


= 24.0KN/m3 * 3.30m * 12.90m * 1.25m

1,277.10 KN

TOTAL AXIAL LOAD PER PIER, N

11,596.06 KN

Bearing Capacity Per Unit Pile, P = 75Tons * 9.81m/s2

735.75 KN

Since piles are end bearing, it is assumed that the total axial load from the piers is borne
equally by all the piles.
Therefore, Number of piles required = N/P

15.76 No.

Use 17 No. Piles


8.6.2
Section 7.2.2
of this report

PILES FOR BRIDGE ABUTMENTS

A. LOAD COMPUTATION
i. Total axial loads from bridge abutment (factored)
Total length of abutment
Total load from abutment

=
=
=

2,257.53 KN/m
12.90 m
29,122.14 KN

ii. Total axial load from wingwalls fo each abutment (factored).


= 2No. *0.75m(thick) * 7.50m (ht) * 7.0m * 24KN/m3 * 1.5

2,835.00 KN

iii. Loads from abutment pile cap (factored)


= 9.0m * 12.90m * 1.25m * 24KN/m3 * 1.5

5,224.50 KN

37,181.64 KN

Bearing Capacity Per Unit Pile, P = 75Tons * 9.81m/s2

735.75 KN

Therefore, Number of piles required = N/P

50.54 No.

TOTAL AXIAL LOAD PER ABUTMENT N

Use 51 No. Piles

Job No.

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Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

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Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS

8.6.3

Page

OUTPUT

PILE SPACING

The British Standard Code of Practice, BS 8004: Foundations recommends that for piles, a
minimum spacing centre - to - centre of not less than three times the pile diameter must be
provided.
The edge distance should not be less than the pile diameter

M.J Tomlinson
Section 7.14.2
Fdn Design &
Construction (6th edn)

Pile diameter,f
Pile Spacing, S
=
Use edge distance

8.6.3

3 *f

400.00 mm

=
=

1,200.00 mm
450.00 mm

PILE LAYOUT

It is impossible to ensure that piles are driven or bored to be trully vertical or exactly to the prescribed rake.
The piles are therefore arranged so that the centroid of the pile group coincides with the line of
action of the load. This is to ensure that all the piles carry equal loads.
Based on the above information and all computations above, we now produce the layout of piles
for both the piers and abutments as below.
0.45

1.
3,300

1.20
1.20
0.45
450 1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200 450

12, 900 mm
fig. 8.1: Pile Arrangement for The Bridge Piers.
12, 900 mm
450 1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,500

450

450

5,500

1,150

C.G

1,150
1,150
1,150

2,300

1,150
1,150
500
2,2000

1,3000

5,9000

1,3000

2,2000

fig 8.2: Pile Arrangement for The Bridge Abutment.


1. impacts on the way any applied bending moment is shared among
The layout
1.
the pile with respect to I and y.
No of Pile
= 51 for abutments
=
17 for Piers

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Page

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

8.7 STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE


A pile is designed as a short column unless if it is slender and the surrounding soil is too
weak to provide adequate restraint.
We start by distributing the axial load on the respective member piles using the equation:

Pn

Pn

where

exx & eyy

Nexx
Neyy
N
yn

Ixx
Iyy
n
= axial load on individual pile
= vertical load on the pile group
=

xn

eccentricities of the load N about the centroidal axes XX and YY of


the pile group.

Ixx & Iyy


xn & yn

second mmt of area of the pile group about axes XX and YY

distance of the individual pile from the XX and YY axes.

8.7.1 LOADS IN THE ABUTMENT PILE GROUP


Iy

{11 * 2 * 2.42} + {5 * 2 * 1.22}

Ix

=
=

141.12 m4
=
mmt of inertia about the y - axis
{3 * 2 (62 +3.62 + 1.22)} + {4 * 2 (4.82 +2.42)}

532.8 m4

mmt of inertia about the x - axis

with N = (Axial load +pile cap load -displaced soil) *1.5


sum of Axial load
N

=
=

=(23.1 + 126 + 73.8 + 9.6 + 343) *10 + 4515.11


= 10,270.11 KN
(10270.11 + 1226.02 - 817.34) KN *1.5
16,018.19 KN

10, 060.57 KNm (moment about CG)

2,280.38 KN (frictional resisting force)

Axial load on each Pile is :


Np
=
16,018.19
10, 060.57
* y2
+
38
141.12
y2 is the distance along the y - y direction, of pile from C.G of pile group.
y2

-2

For pile at boundary (11 No.at bridge approach unraked)


Therefore, Np

= 421.53 - ( 71.29 * 2.40 )


= 250.43 KN
Since Np > 0,
It implies design Ok against pile upliftment, and no pile tension

For piles at the other boundary, 11 No. at water side raked


y2 =
2.4
Np

= 421.53 + ( 71.29 * 2.40 )


= 592.63 KN
at top of pile.
Using West's shell pile with nominal working load of 800 - 1,000KN

Since Np > 0,
It implies des ign Ok against
pile upliftment,
and no pile
tension

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS
Npb =

Npb =

OUTPUT

592.63 + pile wt
3.142 * ( D2 - d2 ) * 15 * 7.5
4
2
+ 3.142 * d * 24 * 15
4
655.17KN at the bottom of pile.

Pile weight

8.7.2 PRINCIPAL FORCES AT PILE TOE


Abutment Piles

N
H
M

=
=
=

655.17KN (Service)
60.01 KN (Service)
179.5KNm (service)

Pier Piles

N
H
M

=
=
=

659.54KN (Service)
0
0

PILE STRENGTH
Pile Specifications:
Casing
=
Wall thickness =

400mm outer diameter


12mm

12

376mm

12

Assume 0.1mm/year corrossion in weathered rock.


Also, assume a 60 year design period.
Therefore , total corrossion
=
60 * 0.1

Hence, design with a wall thickness of 12 - 6 =

6.0mm

outer diameter, D

376mm + (2 * 6)

376mm

Page

6.0mm

388mm.

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS
8.7.3 REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
design axial load on pile, N
therefore Load at ultimate limit state

but ,

\ Asc

fcu

30N/mm

fy

410N/mm

=
=
=

OUTPUT

659.54KN (Service)
1.60 * 659.54KN
1,055.26 KN

= 0.4fcuAc + Asc(0.8fy - 0.4fcu)


=

N - 0.4fcuAc
(0.8fy - 0.4fcu)
Ac

0.25pD

0.25 * 3.142 * 376

(1,055.26 * 103) - (0.4 * 30 * 111,050.85)


{(0.8*410) - (0.4*30)}

=
=

111,050.85 mm

-877.69

mm

Since Asc cannot be negative, apply minimum reinforcement for columns.


Minimum reinforcement for columns

0.4% of Ac

444.20 mm

Maximum reinforcement for columns

6.0% of Ac

6,663.05 mm

Provide 9No. T16 bars round the circumference of the pile (Asc prov. = 1,810mm)

Links
minimum bar size

* size of largest compression bar


minimum allowable

=
=

* 16
6mm

4.0mm

maximum spacing

12 * size of smallest compression bar

12 * 16

192 mm

Use a spiral link T10mm of 150mm pitch.

Page

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


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Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Page

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

8.8 STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF PILE CAP


8.8.1 INTRODUCTION
The pile cap is designed to be sufficiently rigid and capable of transmitting the pier and abutment
loads through the piles to the bearing strata. The anchorage lengths of the dowel bars for the
pier and pile cap reinforcements were taken into consideration in choosing the cap thickness
of 1.250m.
The pile cap is designed using the beam theory, in which case, the pile cap is treated as an
inverted beam with a udl, and is designed for the usual conditions of bending and shear.

8.8.2 DESIGN OF PIER PILE CAP


Section 8.6.1
of this report

A.
i.

LOADING
Total axial load from piers including self weight of pile cap, W

ii.

Total Length of pile cap, L

12.90 m

iii.

Design Moment
The pile cap is considered to be simply supported, therefore
Design Moment, M = WL/8

18,698.65 KNm

Design Moment

18698.650 KNm

Span Length

12,900 mm

Depth of slab/deck

150 mm

B.

11,596.06 KN

DESIGN FOR BENDING

Design as a rectangular - beam

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


beam depth, h

1250 mm

width of beam web, bw

3300 mm

Flange depth, hf

0 mm

fire resistance

2.0 hrs

cover to reinforcement, d'


reinforcement size, f

30.0 mm

16.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

12.0 mm

effective depth, d

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
effective width, b

1,200 mm
bw+(0.7L/5)
3,300 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

1997

k
=
therefore, k
since k'

M/bdfcu

fcu

0.131

0.156

30 N/mm

it implies that compression steel not required.

ii.

z
use z

d(0.5 + (0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)


=

0.823 d

0.823 d

1250 mm

a.

3300

mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.
fy

410 N/mm

As

M/(0.87fy.Z)

Checks for minimum steel:

Mosley, Bungay

As min

T 25

0.13Ac/100

Apply

Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

110

Table A.7

Table 3.10

OUTPUT

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT

Apply

25

T 20

53,086 mm

Bottom

(As prov.

53,996 mm)

5,362.50 mm
Top

(A's prov. =

7,853.98 mm )

C.

CHECKS FOR DEFLECTION

a.

Basic span - effective depth ratio

20.00

To avoid damages to finishes, modified ratio

16.67

BS8110:PART1: 1997

b.

Tensile reinforcement modification factor:

Table 3.11

i.

M/bd

BS8110:PART1:

ii.

service stress, fs
= 5fyAsreq./8Asprov.)*1/bb
By interpolation, Modification Factor, MF

1997

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS
c.

iii.

Note:
MF should not

0.55 + (477 - fs)/(120(0.9+(M/bd))


Use MF

be greater than 2

3.93
279.92 N/mm

0.89

0.89

c.

Modified span - effective depth ratio = MF * Basic span - effective ratio

14.83

d.

Actual span - effective depth ratio

10.75

D.

Design okay w.r.t deflection.


DESIGN FOR SHEAR

L/d

Since Modified L/d > Actual L/d,

i.

Design shear Force


Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

Design Shear Stress, v =


Checks: 0.8(fcu)

iii.

iv.

=
V/bd

11,596 KN

2.928 N/mm

4.382 N/mm

fcu

30 N/mm

design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)=

1.364

0.333

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25
=
=

(should not be < 1.00)

Use 400/d

1.00

0.701 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

2.928 N/mm

vc

0.701 N/mm

vc + 0.4

ie (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

20.607
22 Leg stirrup

T 16
and Asv/Sv provided
=

200 mm centres
22.117

fyv

Page

410 N/mm

1.101 N/mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.

Page

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

8.8.3 DESIGN OF ABUTMENT PILE CAP


This is analysed and designed as a purely rectangular section of width 5.50m
A.
i.

LOADING
Total axial load from piers including self weight of pile cap, W
and the weight of wingwalls.

ii.

Total Length of pile cap, L

12.90 m

iii.

Design Moment
The pile cap is considered to be simply supported, therefore
Design Moment, M = WL/8

59,955.39 KNm

Design Moment

59,955.390 KNm

Span Length

12,900 mm

Depth of slab/deck

0 mm

Section 8.6.1
of this report

B.

37,181.64 KN

DESIGN FOR BENDING

Design as a rectangular - beam

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


beam depth, h

1250 mm

width of beam web, bw

5500 mm

Flange depth, hf

0 mm

fire resistance

2.0 hrs

cover to reinforcement, d'


reinforcement size, f

30.0 mm

16.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

12.0 mm

effective depth, d

=
=

5500

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

=
effective width, b

1250 mm

a.

1,200 mm
bw+(0.7L/5)
5,500 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

1997

k
=
therefore, k

M/bdfcu

since k'

fcu

0.252

0.156

30 N/mm

it implies that compression steel required.


ii.
use z
c.

0.775 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

As'

410 N/mm
((k-k')fcu.bd2) /(0.87fy.(d-d'))

Apply
As

115

T 25

TOP

(As prov.

(k'fcu.bd2) /(0.87fy.z) + As'

Apply

140

T 32

BOTTOM

(As prov.

54,847 mm

56,450 mm)

111,734 mm

112,595 mm)

mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.
Table 3.10

C.
a.

Basic span - effective depth ratio

20.00

To avoid damages to finishes, modified ratio

16.67

b.

OUTPUT

Tensile reinforcement modification factor:

Table 3.11

i.

M/bd

BS8110:PART1:

ii.

service stress, fs
= 5fyAsreq./8Asprov.)*1/bb
By interpolation, Modification Factor, MF

1997

Date:december '04

CALCULATIONS
CHECKS FOR DEFLECTION

BS8110:PART1: 1997

iii.

Note:
MF should not

0.55 + (477 - fs)/(120(0.9+(M/bd))


Use MF

be greater than 2

7.57
282.55 N/mm

0.74

0.74

c.

Modified span - effective depth ratio = MF * Basic span - effective ratio

12.36

d.

Actual span - effective depth ratio

10.75

D.

Design okay w.r.t deflection.


DESIGN FOR SHEAR

L/d

Since Modified L/d > Actual L/d,

i.

Design shear Force


Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

Design Shear Stress, v =


Checks: 0.8(fcu)

iii.

iv.

=
V/bd

37,182 KN

5.634 N/mm

4.382 N/mm

fcu

30 N/mm

design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)=

0.855

0.333

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25
=
=

(should not be < 1.00)

Use 400/d

1.00

0.600 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

for this design

5.634 N/mm

vc

0.600 N/mm

vc + 0.4

1.000 N/mm

ie (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

fyv

410 N/mm

77.615
80 Leg stirrup

T 16
and Asv/Sv provided
=

200 mm centres
80.425

8.8.4 DESIGN FOR PUNCHING SHEAR


As pile spacing is at three times the pile diameter, check for punching shear is not necessary.
This is only necessary when the spacing of piles is greater than three times the pile diameter.

8.8.5 SHEAR AT THE FACE OF THE PIER


Total Shear Force per Pier, N
No. of piles, n
depth of pile cap, d
Dimension of 1No. Pier

Page

=
=
=
=

5,798
17
1,250.00
1500 *

KN
No.
m
600 mm

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Project: Bridge No. 3,4 &4a; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

PILED FOUNDATION DESIGNS

REF.
Shear at the face of pier
where

Checks:

0.8(fcu)

CALCULATIONS
n =N/md
=
m = pier perimeter

4.382 N/mm

Date:december '04

OUTPUT
=

1.10439 N/mm2

Design okay with respect to shear.

Page

4200 mm

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

GEMENT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

escribed rake.

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Since Np > 0,
It implies des ign Ok against
pile upliftment,
and no pile

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Designed

Era

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES


Era

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Checked

Member

DIRECT FOUNDATION DESIGNS

Date: march '05

CALCULATIONS

REF.

OUTPUT

9.0 DIRECT FOUNDATION DESIGN


9.1

INTRODUCTION

Based on the deep soil investigation carried out at the bridge foundation location, the depth
to bearing rock strata for the piers and abutments is between 0.75m to 2.65m.
It will thus be more economical for the footings to bear directly on the rock strata.
The design is made with the provision that 'micro - piles' will be drilled atleast 1.0m into the
rock and tied into the footing.
Micro - Piles' are to be constructed using f32mm high tensile reinforcement bars, which
will be placed at 1No. Per square metre of either of the footing area. They will provide resistance
against slippage, and allow for a monolithic action between the footing and the bearing strata.
The 'micro - piles are to be drilled into the rock strata, and grouted using a cement - sand
slurry.

9.2
9.2.1

PIER FOUNDATION
General

The pier foundation is designed as a combined footing of a rectangle shape and


cross-section. It is designed to have a uniform thickness.
*
The footing is designed with a grade 30 concrete
** It is recommended that a 100mm thick blinding be laid before starting the construction of
the base. A grade 10 concrete should be used for the blinding.
*** The 'micro - piles' should be drilled and grouted into the rock strata before casting the
blinding.
The dimensions of the footing are chosen with care for the following reasons:
a. A footing that is too long will have large longitudinal moments on the lengths projecting
beyond the piers.
b. A footing that is short will have large span moments between the piers.
c. Larger widths will cause large transverse moments; and
d. A very thick footing will have excessive shear stress.

9.2.2
a.
Section 5.2 of
this report
b.

Page

Analysis & Design Of Pier Footing

LOADING
The piers carry a combined axial load
and an imposed load

=
=

4,947.83 KN dead load,


2,120.00 KN

BASE AREA
Allow for self weight of footing

1,500.00 KN

Based on the deep soil investigation report, conservative value for safe bearing pressure
of bearing rock strata
=
250.00 KN
Total Load at Serviceability`Limit State

8,567.83 KN

Area of Base

34.27 m2

Length of base
Based on the geometry of the bridge, the piers are spaced 6,500mm apart.
Considering the total width of the pier being 1,500mm, outer distance from one pier to
the other is 9,500mm. Allowing an edge distance of 1,000mm on either side of the pier,
the total pier foundation length
=
11.50 m
minimum width required

2.98 m

Use a base width

3.00 m

c.

RESULTANT LOADS CENTROID OF BASE


The axial loads are equally distributed between the 2No. Piers, and the piers are symetrically
located within the pier base, the resultant load will be acting at the centroid of the
pier base.

d.

BEARING PRESSURE AT THE ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE


Pier Loads at the ultimate limit state
=
12,418.96 KN
Therefore earth pressure = load @ uls/footing area
=

e.

359.97 KN/m2

LONGITUDINAL MOMENTS & SHEAR FORCE


6,209.48

6,209.48

2.10

8.00

w = earth pressure * width

2.10

1,079.91 KN/m

i. Moment at midspan between the piers


=
19,385.73 KNm
Design For Bending
Design as a rectangular - beam

Span Length

19,385.730 KNm
8,000 mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


base depth, h

1,750.00 mm

width of base, bw

3,000.00 mm

Nature of Exposure

cover to reinforcement, d'

50.0 mm

reinforcement size, f

20.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

12.0 mm

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

effective depth, d

Very Severe

=
effective width, b

1,678 mm
bw
3,000 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

1750 mm

a.

Design Moment

3,000.00 mm

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

1997

k
=
therefore, k

M/bdfcu

since k'
ii.

0.076

0.156

d(0.5 + (0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)

use z
c.

fcu

30 N/mm

it implies that compression not steel required.

0.906 d

0.906 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

410 N/mm

As

M/(0.87fy.Z)

Apply

35,741 mm
75

T 25

(As prov. =

Bottom

107

mm centres

36,816 mm)

Checks for minimum steel:


As min

Table A.7

0.13Ac/100

22

T 20

Apply

Mosley, Bungay

6,825.00 mm
Top

(A's prov.

Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

136

mm centres

6,911.50 mm )

ii. Transverse Bending Moment


=
809.93 KNm
Design For Bending
Design as a rectangular - beam

809.932 KNm

Span Length

3,000 mm

CALCULATION OF EFFECTIVE DEPTH, d


base depth, h

1,750.00 mm

width of base, bw

3,000.00 mm

Nature of Exposure

cover to reinforcement, d'

50.0 mm

reinforcement size, f

20.0 mm

stirrup diameter, t

12.0 mm

h - (d' + f/2 + t)

effective depth, d

Very Severe

=
effective width, b

1750 mm

a.

Design Moment

3,000.00 mm

1,678 mm

bw
3,000 mm

b.

LEVER ARM CALCULATIONS, Z

clause 3.4.4.4

assume moment redistribution < 10%. This implies that k' = 0.156

BS8110:PART1:

i.

1997

k
=
therefore, k

M/bdfcu

since k'
ii.

z
use z

c.

fcu

0.003

0.156

d(0.5 + (0.25 - k/0.9)0.5)


=

30 N/mm

it implies that compression not steel required.


0.996 d

0.950 d

TENSILE REINFORCEMENT
fy

410 N/mm

As

M/(0.87fy.Z)

1,424 mm

Checks for minimum steel:


Table A.7
Mosley, Bungay
Hulse: r.c. design, 5th ed.

As min

=
Apply

0.13Ac/100

22

T 20

(A's prov.

6,825.00 mm
Bottom & Top @

136

6,911.50 mm )

9.3 Checks For Punching Shear

mm centres in the transverse direction

Shear Stress,uc

0.8 * fcu

Axial Load/pier perimeter * d

0.88108 N/mm

4.38178 N/mm

Since uc << 0.8 * fcu it implies that the design is okay with respect to punching shear

9.4 Design For Shear


i.

Design Shear Force ,V

ii.

Design Shear Stress, v =

=
V/bd

=
fcu

Checks:
iii.

iv.

0.8(fcu)

6,209 KN
1.234 N/mm
30 N/mm

4.382 N/mm design okay with respect to shear

Obtaining the design concrete shear stress, vc


(should be 3.00)

a.

Compute 100As/(bvd)

b.

compute 400/d

c.

By interpolation, obtain the design concrete shear stress, vc


0.79(100As/(bvd))1/3(400/d)0.25/1.25
=
=

(should not be < 1.00)

0.710

0.238 Use 400/d

0.564 N/mm

Obtain the form and area of shear reinforcement


a.

if v < 0.5vc

provide nominal links

b.

if 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

then Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

c.

if (vc +0.4) < v < 0.8(fcu)

for this design

then Asv/Sv = bv(v - vc)/(0.87fyv)

1.234 N/mm

vc

0.564 N/mm

vc + 0.4 =

i.e. 0.5vc +v < (vc + 0.4)

Asv/Sv = 0.4*bv/(0.87fyv)

and Asv/Sv reqd

Apply a

1.882
10 Leg stirrup

T 10
and Asv/Sv provided =

400 mm centres
1.963

fyv

410 N/mm

0.964 N/mm

1.00

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

BRIDGE APPROACH SLAB

REF.

Date:december

Page

'04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

10.0 APPROACH / TRANSITION SLAB


The approach / transition slab is designed as a simply supported slab
of dimensions 5.0m * 9.6m * 0.2m thickness

10.1
a.

LOADING
Dead loads, Gk
i.
ii.

self weight of slab


Soil weight

=
=

0.2 * 24
0.3 * 19.60
(t * r soil)

=
=

4.80KN/m2
5.88KN/m2

iii.

Asphalt weight

23 * 0.05

1.15 KN/m2

Total dead load


b

Live loads, Qk
Qk

c.Design Loads,
n
=
=
=

10.2
CH. 8.5:
R.C. Design,
Mosley & Bungey

11.83 KN/m2

1.6 Qk
(1.6 *10.5 )
33.36 KN/m2

Lx
Ly

=
=

Ly/Lx

5.0m
9.60m
1.92

Table 3.15
The Four edges of the slab are
BS 8110: Part 1 discontinuous.
This implies that
Bsx
=
Bsy
=

10.3

+
+

1.4Gk
( 1.4 * 11.83 )

DESIGN FOR BENDING

This implies that we design slab


as 2 - way, since Ly/Lx is
less than 2.

Table 3. 5

11.83 KN/m2

0.111
0.056

SPAN MMTS

5,000

Job No.

KABIR & ASSOCIATES

Project: Bridge No. 6; DABAI - MAHUTA - BABBAN DADA ROAD

Designed

Era

Checked

Member

BRIDGE APPROACH SLAB

REF.

Date:december

Page

'04

CALCULATIONS

OUTPUT

BS 8110: Part 1
Msx

Bsx n. lx2

Msy

Bsx n. lx2

Msx
Msy

=
=

0.111 * 33.36 * 5.02


0.056 * 33.36 * 5.02

10.4

=
=

92.57KNm
46.70KNm

DESIGN FOR BENDING

h
=
200mm
Bar Diameter
30N/mm2
fcu
fy
=
Conditions of exposure
=
Severe, ie
d'
and d
=
250 - 40 - 16/2
=
157mm

=
=
=

16mm
425N/mm2
30mm

Design moments
=
92.57KNm
( This moment is used to design the cantilever, supports and span, to allow for
ease in construction).
Clause 3.4.4.4
Assuming moment redistribution less than or equal to10%,
BS 8110:Part I:
k'
=
0.156
1985
M/bd2fcu
and
k
=
92.57 * 106 /(1000 *1572 * 30)
=
=
0.125
Since k is less than k',
No compression steel required
Therefore
Clause 5.3.2.3

Asx

Z/d
=

0.5 + (0.25 - k/0.9)0.5

Msx/(0.87fyZ)

BS 5400:Part IV:
1990
Asx

0.924
.
92.57 * 106/(0.87 * 425 * 0.83 * 157 )

1,921.25mm2

Msy/(0.87fyZ)

46.70 * 106/(0.87 * 425 * 0.83 * 157 )

REINFORCEMENT
1 Provide T20 at 200 mm c/c in the X - X direction ( Bottom)
2,090mm2
Asx =
2 Provide T16 at 250 mm c/c in the Y - Y direction ( Bottom)
1,260mm2
Asx =

k is less than k'.


No compression
steel required

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

Job No.

Era

Designed

Checked

Page

OUTPUT

k is less than k'.


No compression
steel required

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