A Critical Assessment of Umm Kulthum's Marriage To Umar

Islamic Truths Center
A Series of Theological Studies

A Critical Assessment of Umm
Kulthums Marriage to Umar
Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Hussaini Milani
Translated by
Jawid Abari
A Crtca Assessment of Umm Kuthums Marrage to Umar a
Contents
Contents........................................................................a
Preude..........................................................................1
Introducton...................................................................3
A Crtca Assessment of Umm Kuthums Marrage to
Umar...................................................................................4
Secton I........................................................................... 6
The Narratons and Ther Narrators..................................6
The Narrators and Ther Narratons...............................7
1. Ibn Saads Narratons n A-Tabaqat A-Kubra.........7
2. Duabs Narratons n A-Durryat A-Tahra..........10
3. Hakm Nshaburs Narraton n A-Mustadrak.......15
4. Bayhaqs Narratons n A-Sunan A-Kubra...........16
5. Khatb Baghdads Narratons n Tarkh Baghdad..18
6. Ibn Abd A-Barrs Narratons n A-Istab:.............19
7. Ibn Athrs Narratons n Usd A-Ghabah...............21
8. Ibn Ha|ars Narratons n A-Isabah.......................24
Secton II........................................................................ 28
A Study of the Chans of Transmsson of the Narratons 28
A Study of the Chans of Transmsson of the Narratons
........................................................................................ 29
The Foca Pont n ths Regard......................................30
Ahmad bn Abdu |abbar as Seen by Bographers... .33
Yunus bn Bukar as Seen by Bographers................33
Amr bn Dnar as Seen by Bographers....................34
Sufyan bn Uyanah as Seen by Bographers............35
A Crtca Assessment of Umm Kuthums Marrage to Umar b
Wak bn |arrah as Seen by Bographers..................37
Ibn |ura| as Seen by Bographers............................37
Ibn Ab Makah as Seen by Bographers..................38
Husham bn Saad as Seen by Bographers..............39
Ibn Wahab as Seen by Bographers..........................40
Musa bn A Lakhm as Seen by Bographers...........41
A bn Rabah Lakhm as Seen by Bographers.........41
Uqbah bn mr |uhan as Seen by Bographers.......42
Ata Khurasan as Seen by Bographers....................43
Muhammad bn Umar Waqd as Seen by Bographers
.................................................................................... 43
Abdu Rahman bn Zad as Seen by Bographers......44
Zad bn Asam as Seen by Bographers...................46
Zubar bn Bakkar as Seen by Bographers..............46
A Study of the Chans of Transmsson of Narratons
about Umm Kuthums Marrage to Umar........................47
A Study of the Authentcty of the Narratons Concernng
Umm Kuthums Death....................................................48
A Look at the Bography of Amr Shuab.................48
A Look at the Bography of Ammar bn Ab Ammar. .49
A Look at the Bography of Na..............................49
A Look at the Bography of Abduah A-Bah............49
Secton III....................................................................... 51
The Text of the Narratons and ther Sgncatons.........51
The Text of the Narratons and ther Sgncatons......52
The rst dmenson:.................................................52
The second dmenson:............................................56
Thrd dmenson:......................................................57
A Crtca Assessment of Umm Kuthums Marrage to Umar c
The Fourth dmenson:.............................................58
The fth dmenson:.................................................60
The sxth dmenson:................................................61
The seventh dmenson:...........................................61
The eghth dmenson:.............................................62
The nnth dmenson:...............................................63
The tenth dmenson:...............................................64
Summary..................................................................... 66
One Oueston...........................................................69
Answer..................................................................... 69
Secton IV....................................................................... 73
Umars Marrage to Umm Kuthum n Shte Narratons. .73
Umars Marrage to Umm Kuthum n Shte Narratons74
The rst tradton:....................................................74
The second tradton:...............................................75
The thrd tradton:...................................................75
Fna word concernng the marrage of Umm Kuthum. 77
Summary of the Book..................................................79
Bbography................................................................81
A Crtca Assessment of Umm Kuthums Marrage to Umar 1
!relude
Wth the prophetc msson of Prophet Muhammad (S), the
sea of the prophets, the ast and the most perfect dvne
regon was conveyed to humanty and prophethood came
to an end. The regon of Isam emerged n Mecca but after
twenty three years of arduous ehorts made by the
Messenger of Aah (S) and a handfu of hs oya
companons t spread a over the Araban Pennsua.
The contnuaton of ths dvne msson was an mportant
undertakng that was entrusted pubcy on Dhu H||a, the
eghteenth, by Gorous Aah, to A (A.S.), the Commander
of the Fathfu and the rst personaty after the Hoy
Prophet (S) n the word of Isam.
Wth the procamaton of Hazrat As guardanshp and
successon on ths day, dvne bessngs were competed
and the regon of Isam was perfected and announced as
the ony regon chosen by Aah. That was how unbeevers
and pagans despared of destroyng Isam.
Soon after the demse of the Messenger of Aah (S)|,
some of the companons of the Hoy Prophet (S), based on
ther pre-hatched conspraces, devated from the course of
gudance and eadershp. They cosed the gate of the cty of
knowedge puttng Musms n perpexty. From the very
begnnng of ther rue, they paced the truths of Isam -
that were ke shnnng sun - behnd the dark couds of
doubt and skeptcsm by way of puttng a ban on recordng
prophetc narratons, spreadng fabrcated narratons,
castng doubts and embarkng on hypocrtca and
deceptve tactcs.
Obvousy, n spte of a conspraces hatched by the
enemes of Isam, the truths of Isam and nobe sayngs of
the Messenger of Aah (S) were promugated by the
Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S), hs successors and a
few of hs devout companons and those truths contnued to
ow and manfest themseves n one way or the other n the
course of hstory. By expanng the truths, they dd away
wth doubts, specous arguments, and wcked beefs
ncucated by the enemes of Isam, and made the truth
cear to a.
In ths respect, great schoars and men of knowedge
such as Shekh Mud, Sayyd Murtadha, Kha|a Nasr,
Aamah H, Oadh Nuruah, Mr Hamd Hussan, Sayyd
Sharafuddn, Aamah Amn etc. havng been gtterng ke
shnng stars, snce they are the ones who defended Isamc
truths, expaned the reates of the schoo of Ah A-Bayt
(A.S.) and deat wth spurous arguments usng ther
tongues and pens.
In our era, one of the outstandng schoars and
researchers who has, wth hs eoquent pen and expressve
wrtng, expaned the truths of the regon of Isam and
astutey defended the imamate and wilayah (guardanshp)
of the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S.) s Ayatoah
Sayyd A Husan Man, a great researcher.
The Isamc Truths Center s proud to take up the task of
revvng the frutfu and precous works of that great
researcher by revewng, transatng and pubshng them n
a bd to make them avaabe to students, scentc gures
and those who are n search of Isamc truths.
The book n your hand s a transaton of one of hs works
whch w now acquant the Engsh readers wth Isamc
truths. It s expected that ths humbe ehort w earn the
peasure of the Remnant of Aah, the Imam of Tme, may
Aah hasten hs reappearance.
Islamic Truths Center
Introduction
The purpose of wrtng ths book s to conduct a research
nto the narratons or reports regardng Umars marrage to
Umm Kuthum, the daughter of the Commander of the
Fathfu, A, peace be upon hm. Ths event has aways been
used by a group of peope to deny the btter ncdents and
adverse events that took pace durng the eary perod of
Isam n regards to A bn Ab Tab and Fatma Zahra, peace
be upon them. Thus, they argue as such:
If what s known as Umars assaut on As house were
correct and hs attack ed to the martyrdom of Fatma, the
daughter of Hoy Prophet (S), such a marrage or matrmony
woud not have taken pace but t took pace and we
concude, therefore, that the aeged events are not true
and that A (A.S.) and Umar were n qute good terms wth
each other.
Ths study deves nto the narratons regardng Umars
marrage to Umm Kuthum n a bd to carfy whether the
foregong argument s compete and reasonabe or nvad
and frutess.
Obvousy, such an argument can be compete and
acceptabe ony when:
1. the subject around which we discuss should have existed. That is to say, it must
be proved, in the first place, that the Commander of Faithful, Ali (A..! had a
dau"hter by the name #mm $ulthum. Therefore, if a dau"hter by this name never
existed, or Fatima %ahra (A..! did not have such a dau"hter & as stated by some
scholars, the above ar"ument would be incomplete and out of place.
'. it could be termed as marria"e between #mar and #mm $ulthum by simply
pronouncin" the formula of marria"e contract. (f conclusion of marria"e contract
between those two depends on conju"al relations, this ar"ument will a"ain be
incomplete and you will see that there is no concrete evidence to show that the two
sides had conju"al relations.
). assumin" that such a marria"e too* place, the ar"ument would be justified only
when the marria"e should have ta*en place with complete consent and approbation.
(n case, the marria"e, as stated by the narrations of the Two ects, has ta*en place
under coercion, intimidation and pressure, ma*in" recourse to such an ar"ument
would then be counterproductive and it will be counted as another injustice done to
the +rophet,s pro"eny (A..!.
A Critical Assessment of Umm Kulthums
Marriage to Umar
In the name of Aah, the Compassonate the Mercfu
A prase s due to Aah, the Lord of the words. May the
peace and bessngs of Aah be upon our Master,
Muhammad, and hs pure famy, and may the curse of Aah
be upon a of ther enemes.
Snce the eary Isamc centures as of now, many
nqures and nvestgatons have been made and answers
gven concernng the foowng narraton: The Commander
of Faithful, Ali (A.S.) married his daughter to Ummar b.
Khattab.
As we, books, treatses and artces have been wrtten n
ths regard. For nstance, Shekh Mud, may Aah be
peased wth hm, has authored two we-researched
treatses n ths regard, of whch one has been presented n
the book tted A!webat Al"#asail Al"Sarawiyah n repy to
the tenth queston and the other has been presented n
A!webat Al"#asail Al"$%!ibiyah n repy to the fteenth
queston.
The present book s the resut of research concernng ths
ncdent. In ths study, rst of a, the orgna narraton has
been cted from the most famous Sunn books whereupon
ther chans of transmsson as we as ther sgncatons
have been examned and crtczed.
Ths study ams to examne the story, unve and carfy
the truth and nay put a stop to controverses and
dsputes n ths regard.
And Aah s Fectous and He s the Heper.
Section I
The "arrations and Their "arrators
The "arrators and Their "arrations
One of the narratons wdey known among Sunn Musms
s the narraton to whch they have made recourse n order
to argue that "the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S.)
marred out hs daughter, Umm Kuthum, to Umar". They
have transmtted ths narraton n ther sources and we w
cte t from ther most famous books:
#$ Ibn Saads "arrations in Al%Taba&at Al%Kubra
As far as we know, the earest narrator who has passed
on ths tradton s Muhammad bn Saad b. Man Zuhr (d.
230 A.H), the author of Al"Taba&at Al"Kubra. He has ncuded
severa narratons n hs book on ths sub|ect whch are as
foows:
The frst narration: Umm Kuthum was the daughter of
A bn Ab Tab bn Abdu Muttab bn Hashm bn Abd
Manaf bn Ousa. Her mother was Fatma, the daughter of
the Messenger of Aah (S)
1
and Khad|ah bnt Khuwad bn
Asad bn Abdu Uzza bn Ousa. She was a young gr when
Umar marred her. The frut of ths marrage was a son
caed Zad and a daughter caed Ruqayyah. Umm Kuthum
remaned Umars wfe unt he was ked.
After Umar, Awn bn |afar bn Ab Tab bn Abdu Muttab
marred her (!)
2
, but Awn too ded and thereupon, Awns
brother, Muhammad bn |afar bn Ab Tab became her
husband. He too, passed away.
Then hs brother, Abduah bn |afar bn Ab Tab marred
Umm Kuthum after the death of her sster, Zanab, the
daughter of A bn Ab Tab (A.S). Umm Kuthum made
1
In spte of the fact that n Sunn sources the greetng (saawat) after the Hoy
Prophets name s wrtten ncompetey, we, as the Prophet (S) hmsef
recommended, have wrtten t competey.
2
We have used sgns of excamaton (!!) n our transaton of some of the werd,
rethnkabe and ob|ectonabe passages cted from ther sources.
A Crtca Assessment of Umm Kuthums Marrage to Umar
10
reference to t sayng: "I fee embarrassed towards Asma
bnt Umas whose two sons ded when they were n my
company, and I am worred about the thrd one!" Umm
Kuthum ded n Abduah bn |afars house and dd not bear
a chd wth anyone of them!
The second narration: Umar bn A-Khattab asked A
bn Ab Tab for the hand of Umm Kuthum n marrage. A
sad: "I have kept my daughters for the sons of |afar."
Umar sad: "Marry her to me, O Abu Hasan, for by Aah,
there s no man on the face of the earth who seeks to
acheve through her good companonshp that whch I seek
to acheve."
A sad: "I have done so."
Then Umar came to the Muha|run (t. mgrants) between
the grave (of Rasu-Aah) and the pupt. They - A,
Uthman, Zubayr, Tahah and Abd ar-Rahman - used to st
there, and whenever a matter used to arrve from the
fronters, Umar woud come to them there and consut wth
them. He came to them and sad: "Congratuate me".
They congratuated hm, and asked: "Wth whom are we
congratuatng you, O Amru Mumeneen?"
He reped: "Wth the daughter of A bn Ab Tab."
1

Then he tod them the story and sad that he had heard
the Prophet (S) say:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
'()ery means will be *ut o+ and e)ery lineage se)ered
on the ,ay of -udgment e.*e/t my lineage.0
1
1
Ibn Sa'ad, Al"Taba&at Al"Kubra vo.8 p.338 (ed. Dar A-Kotob A-'Imyyah, Berut
1990)
2
Some transators have transated ths tradton as such: "On the |udgment Day
every means w be cut oh and every neage severed except my neage."
11
I was a companon of the Prophet and I aso oved ths -
reatonshp - to be mantaned.
The third narration: "Wak bn |arrah narrates from
Husham bn Saad, he from Ataa Khurasan that he sad:
"Umar pad forty thousand |drhams| as dowry |marrage
gft| to Umm Kuthum!"
The fourth narration: Muhammad bn Umar Waqd and
others have sad: "Umar asked A for the hand of hs
daughter, Umm Kuthum, n marrage. A reped that she
had not yet attaned the age (of puberty).
Umar reped: "By Aah, ths s not true. You do not want
her to marry me. If she s underage, send her to me."
Thus, A caed Umm Kuthum, they prepared her and
made her up. Then he asked for a pece of coth whch he
foded and handed over to Umm Kuthum teng her to take
the garment to Amru Mumeneen and te hm: "My father
has sent me to you nstructng me to convey you hs
greetngs and sad that f you ked the garment, take t or
ese, return t!."
When Umm Kuthum went to Umar, the atter sad: "May
Aah bess you and your father, I ke t."
Umm Kuthum returned to hs father and sad: "He dd not
unfod the garment, but |ust ooked at me!"
Then A marred her to Umar and she bore hm a chd
named Zad.
The ffth narration: Wak bn |arrah narrates from
Isma bn Ab Khad, he from Aamr Shab that both Zad
bn Umar and Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A, ded. Ibn
Umar ohered funera prayer consstng of four takbrs
(Aahu Akbar). He paced Zad on the sde he had stood
12
and Umm Kuthum n the drecton of Obah and prayed on
both of them.
The sixth narration: Ubaduah bn Musa says: "Isra
narrates from Ab Hasn, he from Aamr who sad: "Ibn
Umar ohered a funera prayer on Umm Kuthum, the
daughter of A, and her son. He paced Zad on hs sde and
prayed on those two."
Wak has reported a smar account from Zad bn
Habb, from Shaab and added: "Durng the (funera)
prayer, Hasan and Husan, the sons of A, Muhammad bn
Hanayah, Abduah bn Abbas and Abduah bn |afar stood
prayng behnd bn Umar."
The seventh narration: Ubaduah bn Musa and Isra
have narrated from |abr, he from Aamr Shab that he
sad: "Durng the prayer on the corpse of Zad bn Umar bn
Khattab, Abduah bn Umar ed the prayer whe Hasan and
Husan prayed behnd hm. Had he known that t was good
to say more takbr (Aahu Akbar), he woud have sad t."
The eighth narration: Ubaduah bn Musa narrates
from Isra, from Sudd, from Abduah bn Baha that he sad:
"I saw Ibn Umar pray on Umm Kuthum and Zad bn Umar
bn Khattab and that he paced Zad on the sde where the
Imam (the prayer eader) was standng whe Hasan and
Husan were wtnessng the prayer."
The ninth narration: Wakbn |arrah, from Hammad bn
Saamah, narrates that Ammar bn Ab Ammar (Mawa
1
of
Ban Hashm) sad: "I was present on the day on whch
Saed bn Aas, who was then the governor of Medna,
prayed on those two wth eghty peope from the
companons of Prophet Muhammad (S) foowng hm n
prayer."
1
A freed save s known as Mawa
13
The tenth narration: |afar bn Awn narrates from bn
|urayh that Na sad: "The bodes of Umm Kuthum, the
daughter of A bn Ab Tab and wfe of Umar bn Khattab
and her son Zad were brought n for funera prayer. On that
day Saed bn Aas was the prayer eader."
The eleventh narration: Abduah bn Numar narrates
from Isma, he from Ibn Ab Khad who narrates from
Aamr that: "Ibn Umar ohered prayers on the dead bodes
of hs brother Zad and that of Umm Kuthum, the daughter
of A. The corpses of those two were n one casket and
Zads body was on the sde cose to the prayer eader."
1
'$ (ulabis "arrations in Al%(urriyat Al%Tahira
Another schoar who has reported and recorded
narratons n ths regard s Abu Bushr Muhammad bn
Ahmad A-Duab (d. 310 A.H). In hs Al",urriyat Al"Tahira, he
has reported severa narratons regardng Umm Kuthum
bnt Fatma, daughter of the Hoy Messenger of Aah, peace
be upon hm and hs descendants.
The first narration: A-Duab says: "I heard Ahmad bn
Abdu |abbar sayng: I heard Yunus bn Bukar say that he
had heard from Ibn Ishaq that Fatma, the daughter of the
Hoy Prophet (S), gave brth to three sons named Hasan,
Husan and Mohsn. The atter ded at a young age. She aso
gave brth to two daughters named Umm Kuthum and
Zanab."
The second narration: Ibn Ishaq says: "Aasm bn
Umar bn Oatadah narrated to me as such: "Umar asked A
for the hand of hs daughter, Umm Kuthum n marrage and
A reped that she had not yet attaned the age (of
maturty).
1
Al"Taba&atu Al"Kubra,8/338 - 340.
14
Umar reped: "By Aah, ths s not true.
1
You do not
want her to marry me. If she s underage, send her to me."
Thus, A gave hs daughter Umm Kuthum a dress and
asked her to go to Umar and te hm that her father wanted
to know what ths dress was for. When she came to Umar
and gave hm the message, he grabbed her hand and
forcby pued her towards hmsef. Umm Kuthum asked
hm to eave her hand, whch Umar dd and sad: "You are a
very mannered ady wth great moras.
2
Go and te your
father that you are very pretty and you are not what he sad
of you!"
Wth that A marred Umm Kuthum to Umar.
The third narration: Ahmad bn Abdu |abbar narrates
from Yunus bn Bukar, from Khad bn Saeh, from Waqd
bn Abduah bn Umar, from some of hs reatves that Umar
bn Khattab Umar bn Khattab asked A for the hand of hs
daughter, Umm Kathum bnt Fatma (daughter of the Hoy
Prophet (S)) n marrage.
A sad to hm: "She has other guardans aso, wat unt I
get ther permsson." Then A (A.S.) went to Fatmas sons
and nformed them about Umars proposa whereupon they
sad: "Marry her to hm."
A caed Umm Kuthum, who was then a young gr then,
and sad to her: "Go to the Commander of the Fathfu, and
te hm: "My father sends you hs regards and says that he
has fued your wsh."
1
In the prnted copy of the book, t has been wrtten n ths part of the books as
such: "There s a word here whch s not readabe"! But the orgna sentence s ths:
"No, I swear by Aah! That s not true."
2
In the prnted copy of the book, t has been wrtten as such: "There s a word
here whch s not readabe"! But n the tradton of Muhbuddn A-Tabar, there s not
any word."
15
Upon reachng Umars house, Umm Kuthum conveyed
hm her fathers message whereupon Umar grabbed her
and hed her to hs bosom (!!) and sad: "I sought Umm
Kuthums hand n marrage and her father marred her to
me."
They sad to Umar: "What do you mean? She s a tte
gr?!"
Umar sad: "Do not dsparage me |for marryng a young
gr|, for I heard the Prophet say, upon hm be bessngs and
peace:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
on the ,ay of -udgment e.*e/t my means and lineage.0
( desired to place myself in the +rophetHs linea"e throu"h this marria"e.I
The fourth narraton: Abdu Rahman bn Khad bn Mun
says: "Habb, the wrter of Mak bn Anass book, narrates
from Abdu Azz Darawerd, from Zad bn Asam, from hs
father, who was the freed save of Umar bn Khattab,
sayng: "Umar asked A for Umm Kuthums hand n
marrage whereupon A dscussed the matter wth Abbas,
Aq and Hasan. Aq was annoyed teng A: "The apse of
days and months w ony add to your ack of nsght and
astuteness n your work. By Aah, f you do ths, such and
such w happen."
A tod Abbas: "By Aah, he s not takng wshfuy, but
the whp of Umar has mpeed hm to say what you are
hearng."
1

1
From the coecton of tradtons and the above statement, t s concuded that
Hazrat A (A.S) was aganst ths marrage and because of the threats from Umar,
Aq wanted ths marrage to take pace and hs anger too, was because of ths.
Therefore, Hazart Amr (A.S) dd not decare hs acceptance to ths marrage to
be out of good w.
Of course the surprsng part s n the rest of the above narraton, where we are
seeng that the opnon of Amru Muumnn A (A.S) changed at once; and that too
16
Then A turned to Aq and sad: "Oh Aq, I swear by Aah
that t s not because of my ncnaton to you and your
opnon, but Umar bn Khattab nformed me that he heard
the Messenger of Aah (S) say:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
The ffth narration: Abdu Azz bn Mun has narrated
from Abu A-Darda Marwaz, from Khad bn Khedash; aso,
Ishaq bn Ibrahm bn Muhammad bn Suaman bn Ba bn
Ab A-Darda Ansar has reported from Abu |amahr
Muhammad bn Uthman who sad: "Abduah bn Zad bn
Asam, from hs father, from hs grandfather, narrated that
Umar bn Khattab, marred Umm Kuthum, the daughter of
A bn Ab Tab, wth a dowry of 40,000 drhams!
The sixth narration: Abu Osama Abduah bn
Muhammad, from Ha||a| bn Ab Mun, from hs grandfather,
from Zuhr who narrates: "Umar bn Khattab marred Umm
Kuthum, the daughter of A and hs wfe Fatma and they
were bessed wth a baby boy named Zad."
The seventh narration: Ahmad bn Abdu |abbar, from
Yunus bn Bukar, from Ibn Ishaq who narrated: "Umar bn
Khattab marred Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A and
they were bessed wth a baby boy named Zad and a
daughter. Umar ded whst she was ave."
The eighth narration: Abu Osamah Abduah bn
Muhammad Haab, from Ha||a| bn Ab Mun, from hs
father, from Zuhr who narrates: "After Umar bn Khattab,
was not because of the threats from Umar, but because of the urge of Umar to form
a reatonshp wth the Messenger of Aah (S) (!!).

17
Awn bn |afar bn Ab Tab marred Umm Kuthum (!!) and
she dd not bear a chd from Awn, unt the atter ded."
The ninth narration: Ahmad bn Abdu |abbar, from
Yunus bn Bukar, from Ishaq, who narrates: "When Umar,
the husband of Umm Kuthum bnt A, ded, Awn bn |afar
marred Umm Kuthum and he aso ded n her fetme
wthout her bearng a chd wth hm."
The tenth narration: Ibn Ishaq says: "My father Ishaaq
bn Yasaar narrates from Hasan bn Hasan bn A bn Ab
Tab, who sad: "When Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A
bn Ab Tab was wdowed of Umar, her brothers Hasan and
Husan went to her and sad: "You are known as the rst
ady of Isam and the daughter of the best ady of the word.
We swear by Aah that f you eave your decson to A, he
w dentey marry you to one of hs orphans (!!) and f you
wsh to get much weath, you w dentey get t."
I swear by Aah, no sooner they got up than A arrved
whe he was eanng on hs wakng stck. Prasng and
thankng Aah, he remnded them of ther status and
dgnty to the Prophet of Aah (S) and sad: "O the chdren
of Fatma, you are aware of your status and dgnty and you
know we that I have gven you prorty over my other
chdren owng to your poston and reatonshp to the
Messenger of Aah (S)."
They sad: "You are rght, may Aah bess you and may
He reward you on our behaf."
A turned to hs daughter and sad: "My daughter, Aah
has granted you the authorty to hande your matter
yoursef, but I wsh you eave that to me."
Umm Kuthum sad: "Dear father, I swear by Aah that I
am aso a woman, and I too have the aspratons and
18
desres of a other women, I woud ove to en|oy the word
as much as any other women do; I wsh to decde for mysef
what I shoud do n ths regard."
A sad: "My daughter, I swear by Aah that t s not your
vew but rather that of these two!"
Then he stood up and sad: "You w ether do ths or you
w never tak to any of these two!"
Hasan and Husan grabbed ther fathers dress and sad:
"Dear father, st down. By Aah, we cannot ahord to mss
you." Then they tod Umm Kuthum: "Leave the decson of
your marrage to hm."
Umm Kuthum sad: "I have done so."
A sad: "I w marry you to Awn bn |afar, who s an
adoescent."
Thereupon, A returned to Umm Kuthum takng her four
thousand drham. Then he nformed hs nephew and sent
her to hm.
Hasan bn Hasan says: "By Aah, ever snce the
begnnng of creaton as of now, I know of no ove to be ke
her ove of Awn."
The eleventh narration: Abu Ishaq, Ibrahm bn Yaqub
bn Ishaq |ouz|an narrates from Yazd bn Haroon, from
Hammad bn Saamah, from Ammar bn Ab Ammar that he
sad: "Both Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A, and Zad, the
son of Umar ded. We shrouded those two and Saed bn
Aas ohered funera prayer on them wth Hasan, Husan and
Abu Hurarah prayng behnd hm."
The twelfth narration: Ibrahm bn Yaqub narrates
from Yazd bn Haroon, he from Isma bn Ab Khad that he
sad: "Aamr was asked as to how the prayer on the
19
corpses of men and women were ohered to whch he
reped: "When I arrved, I saw Abduah bn Umar oherng
funera prayer on hs brother and hs mother Umm Kuthum,
the daughter of A bn Ab Tab."
1
)$ H*im "ishaburis "arration in Al%Mustadra$
Hakm, Abu Abduah Nshabur (d. 405 A.H.), has
narrated ony one tradton n ths regard as foows:
Hassan bn Yaqub and Ibrahm bn Ismat, both far and
|ust, from Sarr bn Khuzaymah, from Muaa bn Asad,
2
from
Wuhab bn Khad, from |afar bn Muhammad |.e. Imam
Sadq (A.S)|, from hs father, from A bn Hussan, who sad:
"Umar asked A for the hand of Umm Kuthum n marrage
and sad: "Marry her to me."
A sad: "I have kept my daughters for |afars son"
Umar sad: "Marry her to me, for by Aah, there s no
man on earth who seeks to acheve through her good
companonshp that whch I seek to acheve!"
A marred her to Umar.
Then Umar came to the Muha|run and sad: "Dont you
congratuate me?"
They asked: "Wth whom are we congratuatng you, O
Commander of the Fathfu?
He reped: "Wth the daughter of A and Fatma,
daughter of the Messenger of Aah (S). I head the
Messenger of Aah (S) say:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
1
Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah, 157 - 165.
2
In the text of Al"#ustadra2 , t has been recorded as "Muaa bn Rashd"
whch s wrong.
20
( desired to include myself in the +rophetHs linea"e throu"h this marria"e.I
After reportng ths narraton, Hakm then says: "Ths
tradton s authentc n terms of the chan of transmsson,
but Bukhar and Musm have not narrated t."
1
+$ ,ayha&is "arrations in Al%Sunan Al%Kubra
Abu Bakr Bayhaq (d. 457 A.H.) has reported some
narratons n ths regard whch are as foows:
The frst narration: Abu Abduah, Hadh (.e. Hakm,
the author of Al"#ustadra2) from Hassan bn Yaqub and
Ibrahm bn Ismat, reports that Sarr bn Khuzaymah
reported from Muaa bn Asad, he from Wuhab bn Khad
who narrated: "|afar bn Muhammad (.e.Imam Sadq (A.S))
reported from hs father, he from A bn Hussan; Lkewse
from Abu Abbas, Muhammad bn Yaqub, from Ahmad bn
Abdu |abbar, from Yunus bn Bukar, from bn Ishaq, from
Abu |afar (.e. Imam Baqr (A.S)), from hs father, from A
bn Hussan that:
"When Umar marred Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A
bn Ab Tab, he came to the Muha|run between the grave
(of the Messenger of Aah) and the pupt where the peope
n attendance congratuated hm and wshed hm we."
Addressng the peope, Umar sad: Behod! I swear by
Aah that what mpeed me to marry her, was a tradton
that I had heard from the Messenger of Aah (S) who sad:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
1
Al"#ustadra2, 3/153, #a0rifat Al"Sahabah (#ana&ib Amirul #u0uminin Ali ibn
Abi Talib (peace be upon hm), No. 4684).
21
Havng quoted ths narraton, Bayhaq says: "Ths s the
text of Ibn Ishaqs narraton, but t s, n terms of the chan
of transmsson, consdered to be mursal0 (hurred or a
tradton n whch the chan of narrators s omtted) and
hasan (good). That s because t has aso been narrated
wth a broken chan of transmsson."
The second narration: Abu Husan bn Bshran reported
from Daa| bn Ahmad, from Musa bn Haroon, from Sufyan,
from Wak bn |arrah, from Rooh bn Ubadah, from Ibn
|uray|, from Ibn Ab Makah, from Hasan bn Hasan and he
from hs father that he sad:
Umar asked Imam A for the hand of Bb Umm Kuthum
n marrage.
A sad: "She s too young to be marred."
Umar sad: "I heard the Prophet of Aah (S) say:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
( desired to place myself in the +rophetHs linea"e throu"h this marria"e.I
A turned to Hasan and Husan and sad: "Marry Umm
Kuthum to your unce!"
They sad: "Umm Kuthum, ke a other women, s free to
choose whomever as husband."
A stood up angry (!) but Hasan pued hs ap and sad:
"We cannot ahord to mss you."
A sad: "Then marry her to Umar."
1
1
Al"Sunan Al"Kubra, 7/101 and 102 numbers 13393 and 13394.
22
Bayhaq has ncuded ths narraton agan under "The
Narratons about Fathers Marryng out Ther Vrgn
Daughters".
1
Turkman, the author of the book of Al"-ouhar Al"3a&i,
says: "Bayhaq, n ths secton of hs book, has narrated the
marrage of the Prophet and a sx-year-od Asha, the
marrage of Umar and As daughter at a young age, and
some of the Prophets companons who marred out ther
young daughters.. As for Asha and As daughter, they
were young (and had not yet reached the age of puberty).
-$ Khatib ,aghdadis "arrations in Tarih ,aghdad
Khatb Baghdad (d. 463 A.H.) expanng the bography of
Ibrahm bn Mahran Marwaz n hs Tari2h 4aghdad,
narrates a tradton wth hs chan of transmsson. The
narraton reads: Lath bn Saad Oays, a servant of Ban
Rafaah n the year 171 AH n Egypt, reports from Musa bn
A bn Rabah Lakhm, from hs father, from Uqba bn Aamr
|uhan, who narrated:
"Umar bn A-Khattab asked A bn Ab Tab for the hand
of Umm Kuthum (daughter of Fatma) n marrage, and
frequenty vstng As house on ths matter. He tod A: "O
Abu Hassan, what has made me to come to you tme and
agan s a sayng whch I heard from the Prophet of Aah (S)
that:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
( wish to place myself in the +rophetHs linea"e throu"h this marria"e.I
A stood up and caed for hs daughter, made her up (!)
and then sent her to Amru Mumeneen, Umar. Seeng
1
Al"Sunan Al"Kubra, 7/185 number 13660.
23
Umm Kuthum, Umar stood up and grabbed her anke and
sad, 'Te your father that I am wng, I am wng, I am
wng.
When the gr returned to hs father, A sad: "What dd
Amru Mumeneen say?"
Umm Kuthum sad: "When Umar saw me, he got up, took
me n hs ap, kssed me (!), and when I got up to eave, he
grabbed my anke and sad, 'Te your father that I am
wng'."
Then A marred her to Umar. She gave brth to Zad bn
Umar bn Khattab who ved unt he grew od and ded.
1
.$ Ibn Abd Al%,arrs "arrations in Al%Istiab/
Ibn Abd A-Barr Ourtub (d. 643 A.H.) has aso reported
some narratons n ths regard whch are as foows:
The frst narration: Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A
bn Ab Tab, was born before the demse of the Prophet of
Aah (S). Her mother was Fatma Zahra, the daughter of the
Messenger of Aah (S). Umar bn Khattab asked A bn Ab
Tab for her hand n marrage.
A sad: "She s young."
Umar sad: "Marry her to me! I sha observe her dgnty
more than anyone ese."
A sad: "I w send her to you, f you ke her, I sha
marry her to you."
A then sent the gr wth a pece of coth and tod her to
say |to Umar| 'Ths s the scarf that I was takng about'. She
conveyed these words to Umar, who sad, 'Te your father
that I have accepted'. Umar then touched the gr's caf
pung asde the garment.
1
Tari2h 4aghdad, 6/180.
24
She excamed, 'You have done ths to me? If t hadn't
been for the fact that you are the Commander of the
Fathfu, I woud have broken your nose'. The gr went home
and repeated the epsode to her father, statng 'You sent me
to a fou man.'
Wth that A sad, 'My daughter, he s your husband'.
Thereupon, Umar went over to the Muha|run near the
pupt of the Prophet (S), where the eary Muha|run used to
gather. Addressng them, he sad: "Congratuate me.
They sad: "What for, O Amru Muumeneen?
He sad: "I have marred Umm Kuthum, the daughter of
A bn Ab Tab. I heard the Prophet of Aah (S) say:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
( was related to the +rophet (! but ( wish to place myself in the +rophetHs linea"e
throu"h this marria"e.I
The Muha|run congratuated hm.
The second narration: Abdu Warth reports from
Oasm, from Khushan, from Ibn Ab Umar, from Sufyan,
from Amr bn Dnar, from Muhammad (Ibn Hanayah) the
son of A, who narrates: "Umar bn Khattab asked A for her
daughters hand (Umm Kuthum) n marrage. A reped
that she was too young.
They tod Umar: "A has re|ected you.
Umar returned to A to ask agan for hs daughters hand
n marrage. A sad: "I w send her to you, f you ke her,
she w be your wfe.
25
Then A sent her daughter to Umar, and Umar pued
away the coth from her caf (!). Umm Kuthum sad: "Take
oh your hands! Were t not for the fact that you are the
Commander of the Fathfu, I woud have bnded you."
The third narration: Ibn Wahab reports from Abdu
Rahman bn Zad bn Asam, from hs father, from hs
grandfather who narrates that: "Umar bn Khattab marred
Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A bn Ab Tab wth a dowry
of four thousand drham!"
The fourth narration: Abu Umar says: "Umm Kuthum,
the daughter of A bn Ab Tab, gave brth to two chdren
named Zad and Ruqayyah from Umar bn Khattab. She and
her son Zad ded on the same day.
Zad was n|ured n a batte whch took pace overnght
among Ban Ad can. He had gone to sette the dspute
between the warrng partes when someone ht hm n the
dark. He got fatay n|ured and coapsed. A whe ater he
ded, hs death concdng wth the death of hs mother.
Ibn Umar prayed on both of them as suggested by Hasan
bn A.
As they say: "Two tradtons were performed about these
two peope:
1. None of them nherted from the other, snce t was not
cear who passed away rst.
2. Zads corpse was paced n front of hs mothers
corpse on the sde where the prayer eader stood.
1

1
Al"5sti0ab, 4/509 & 510.
26
0$ Ibn Athirs "arrations in Usd Al%1habah
Ibn Athr |azar (d. 630 A.H.) has aso reated some
narratons n ths regard n hs book tted Usd Al"6habah.
Hs narratons are as foows:
bn Ab Tab and Fatma, the daughter of the Messenger of
Aah (S) was born before the demse of the Hoy Prophet
(S).
Umar bn Khattab asked A bn Ab Tab for hs
daughters hand n marrage. A reped that she was too
young.
Umar sad: "There s no man who seeks to acheve
through her good companonshp that whch I seek to
acheve.
A sad: I w send her to you and f you are peased, I
sha marry her to you."
Then A sent Umm Kuthum to Umar wth a pece of coth
and nstructed her to te Umar that t was the coth he was
takng about."
Umm Kuthum conveyed Umar her fathers message.
Umar tod her: "I am peased, may Aah be peased wth
you." He then touched her!
Why are you dong ths? Umm Kuthum ob|ected. "Had t
not been for the fact that you are Commander of the
Fathfu, I woud have broken your nose."
Then she went home and repeated the epsode to her
father, statng 'You sent me to a fou od man.'
Wth that A sad, 'My daughter, he s your husband'.
27
Thereupon, Umar went to the pace of the Muha|run near
the pupt of the Prophet (S), where the eary Muha|run
used to gather. He sat besde them and sad: "Congratuate
me."
They sad: "What for, O Amru Muumeneen?
He sad: I have marred Umm Kuthum, the daughter of
A bn Ab Tab. I heard the Prophet of Aah (S) say:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
on the ,ay of -udgment e.*e/t my lineage.
( was related to the +rophet (! but ( wish to place myself in the +rophetHs linea"e
throu"h this marria"e.I
Then the Muha|run congratuated hm.
Umar marred Umm Kuthum wth a dowry of forty
thousand drhams! The frut of ths marrage was two
chdren named Zad son of the Greater Umar and
Ruqayyah. Umm Kuthum and her son, Zad, ded on the
same day.
Zad was n|ured n the batte whch took pace overnght
among Ban Ad can. He had gone to sove the dspute
between the two warrng sdes when someone ht hm n the
dark. He got fatay n|ured and coapsed. Zad was ave for
a whe but then he breathed hs ast on the same day as hs
mother.
Ibn Umar prayed on both of them as proposed by Hasan
bn A.
When Umar was ked: "Awn bn |afar marred Umm
Kuthum!
28
The second narration: Abdu Wahab bn A bn A Amn
reports from Abu Fadh Muhammad bn Nasr, from Khatb
Abu Tahr Muhammad bn Ahmad bn Ab Saqar, from Abu
Barakat Ahmad bn Abdu Wahd bn Fadh bn Nadhf bn
Abduah Farra who narrates that he tod Ahmad: "Has Abu
Muhammad Hassan bn Rashq narrated to you?"
He sad: "Yes, Abu Bushr Muhammad bn Ahmad bn
Hammad Duab reported from Ahmad bn Abdu |abbar,
from Yunus bn Bukar, from Ibn Ishaq, from Hasan bn
Hasan bn A bn Ab Tab who sad:
"When Umm Kuthum, the daughter of A bn Ab Tab
(A.S) was wdowed of Umar, her brothers Hasan and Husan
went to her sayng: "You are known as the chef of Musm
women and the daughter of the best ady. We swear by
Aah that f you eave your decson to A, he w dentey
marry you to one of hs orphans (!) and f you wsh to get
substanta weath (!!), you w dentey get t."
I swear by Aah, no sooner dd they stand up than A
arrved whe he was eanng on hs wakng stck. Prasng
and thankng Aah, he remnded them of ther status and
dgnty to the Prophet of Aah (S) and sad: O the chdren
of Fatma, you are aware of your status and dgnty and you
know we that I have gven you prorty over my other
chdren owng to your poston and reatonshp to the
Messenger of Aah (S)."
They sad: You are rght, may Aah bess you and may
He reward you on our behaf."
A turned to hs daughter and sad: "My daughter, Aah
has granted you the authorty to hande your matter
yoursef, but I wsh you to eave that to me."
29
am aso a woman, and I too have the aspratons of other
women (!!), I woud ove to en|oy the word as much as any
other women; I wsh to decde for mysef what I shoud do
regardng ths matter."
vew but t s that of these two!"
Then he stood up and sad: "You w ether do ths or you
w never tak to any of these two!
Hasan and Husan grabbed ther fathers ap and sad:
"Dear father, st down. By Aah, we cannot ahord to mss
you." Turnng to Umm Kuthum, they sad: "Leave your
matter to hm."
I have done so," Umm Kuthum answered.
A sad: "I w marry you to Awn bn |afar, who s an
adoescent."
Thereupon, A returned to Umm Kuthum gvng her four
thousand drham and sendng her to Awn."
Ths narraton has aso been reported by Abu Umar.
1
2$ Ibn Ha3ars "arrations in Al%Isabah
Ibn Ha|ar Asqaan, who ded n the year 852 A.H., has
aso reported some narratons n ths regard whch are as
under:
bn Ab Tab was a descendant of Hashm, her mother was
Fatma, the daughter of the Messenger of Aah (S). She was
born durng the fetme of the Prophet of Aah, peace be
upon hm and hs descendants.
1
Usd Al"6habah, 7/377 & 378.
30
Abu Umar says, "She was born before the demse of the
Hoy Prophet (S)."
Ibn Ab Umar Maqds says: "Sufyan reported from Umar,
from Muhammad bn A |Imam Baqr (A.S)| that he sad:
"Umar bn Khattab asked A for her daughters hand (Umm
Kuthum) n marrage. A reped that she was too young.
They tod Umar, "A has re|ected you."
Umar returned to A to ask agan for hs daughters hand
n marrage. A sad: "I w send her to you, f you ke her,
she w be your wfe."
Then A sent her daughter to Umar who pued away the
coth from her caf! Umm Kuthum sad: "Take oh your
hands! Were t not for the fact that you are the Commander
of the Fathfu, I woud have bnded you."
The second narration: Ibn Wahab reports from Abdu
Rahman Ibn Zad Ibn Asam, from hs father, from hs
grandfather who narrates that Umar marred Umm Kuthum
wth a dowry of forty thousand drham!
The third narration: Zubar says: "Umm Kuthum bore
two chdren from Umar by the names of Zad and
Ruqayyah. Umm Kuthum passed away on the same day as
her son.
Zad was n|ured durng the batte that took pace
amongst Ban Ad, where he had gone to sette the dspute
between the warrng partes when someone ht hm n the
dark. He got fatay n|ured and coapsed. Hs mother was
aso sck, and they both ded on the same day."
The fourth narration: In hs Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah Abu
Bushr Duab narrates on the authorty of Ibn Ishaq:
31
Hasan bn Hasan bn A says: "When Umar, the husband of
Umm Kuthum ded and she was wdowed of hm, her
brothers Hasan and Husan went to her and sad to her: "If
you yoursef make your decson and want to get substanta
weath, you sha dentey get t." Then A entered the
house, thanked and prased Aah and sad: "My daughter,
Aah has granted you the authorty to hande your matter
yoursef, but I wsh you eave the matter to me."
am aso a woman, and I too have the aspratons and
desres of a other women and I woud ove to en|oy the
word as much as any other women do."
vew but rather that of these two!"
Then he stood up and sad: "You ether do ths or I w
never tak to any of these two!"
They surrounded Umm Kuthum and wanted her to accept
the proposa. She accepted and got marred to Awn bn
|afar."
The ffth narration: Dar Outn has referred to Umm
Kuthum n n Al"52hwah and has sad:
"When Awn ded, hs brother Muhammad marred Umm
Kuthum! After a whe, Awn too ded whereupon hs brother
Abduah marred her (!) and Umm Kuthum ded n
Abduah's house.
Ibn Saad has aso reported a narraton smar to the
above sayng at the end: Umm Kuthum used to refer to the
ncdent sayng: "I fee embarrassed towards Asma bnt
Umas whose two sons ded when they were n my
company, and I am worred about the thrd one."
32
Umm Kuthum ded n Abduah bn |afars house and dd
not bear a chd wth anyone of them.
The sixth narration: Ibn Saad reports from Anas Ibn
Ayadh, from |afar bn Muhammad, from hs father who
sad:
"Umar bn Khattab asked A for hs daughters hand n
marrage. A sad: "I have kept my daughters for the sons of
|afar."
Umar sad: "Marry her to me, for by Aah, there s no
man on earth who seeks to acheve through her good
companonshp that whch I seek to acheve."
A sad: "I have accepted."
Umar went to the pace of the Muha|run and tod them:
"Congratuate me."
They congratuated hm, and asked: "Whom have you
marred?"
He reped: "I have marred the daughter of A bn Ab
Tab."
Indeed, the Prophet of Aah (S) sad:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
I had gven the Prophet a daughter, but I aso oved to
(marry a daughter from hs famy)."
1

1
Al"5sabah, 8/464 and 465.
Section II
A Study of the Chains of Transmission of the
"arrations
34
A Study of the Chains of Transmission of the
"arrations
The narratons that you went through were the most
mportant reports that have been passed on by Sunn
Musms most famous books. Some of these narratons
reate to the aegaton that the Commander of the Fathfu,
A (A.S) marred hs daughter to Umar. Some reate to the
marrage of Umm Kuthum after Umars death and others
reate to the event of her death and her son.
Based on Sunn Musms rues and prncpes n the
scence of hadth (tradton) and reyng on the sayngs of
ther schoars n 7ilm Al"ri!%l |the scence of narrators
bographes|, f one carefuy ooks and examnes the chans
of the transmsson of these narratons, he w come to
understand that the story n ts entrety s baseess and
unsubstantated et aone the reevant detas and mnor
ncdents n connecton wth t?
1
Now, before verfyng the chans, we sha remnd you of a
few ponts concernng these narratons:
1. The stores that you went through n the prevous
secton have not been reported n the two we-known and
respected books, namey Sahih 4u2hari and Sahih #uslim.
The authors of these two books have dsregarded these
narratons not mentonng them n ther books.
2. These narratons have aso not been narrated n the
other Sunn books whch are wdey known as Sihah Sittah.
1
We can dvde the narrators of these narratons nto two groups:
1. Peope who have been weakened (consdered as unreabe) and accused of
yng by Sunn schoars.
2. Peope who are though trusted by Sunn schoars, ther hatred and mace
towards the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) was an obvous and
ndsputabe hstorca reaty.
It s pertnent to menton that, the narratons from ths group of narrators -
especay those aganst A bn Ab Tab (A.S) - are not acceptabe to Sha.
35
Hence, a the authors of the sx so-caed authentc books
have dsregarded these tradtons and agreed not to narrate
them.
3. Ths story has not been reated n other hadth books
such as #usnad of Ahmad bn Hanba. He and a group of hs
foowers mantaned that anythng that s not recorded n
ths book - #usnad Ahmad - s not authentc.
1
It s worth notng that n many cases and n dherent
topcs, Sunns do not present ther arguments wth reance
on the narratons whch are authentc smpy because
Bukhar and Musm have not narrated them n ther books
or that they have not been recorded n the other Shah
books!
The 4ocal !oint in this 5egard
The foca pont that can be mentoned n ths regard s
that ths story has been narrated by ther narrators from the
Sha Imams, the Ah A-Bayt (A.S). The above narratons
have been transmtted n the books of Al"Taba&%t of bn
Saad, Al"#ustadra2 of Hakm, Al"Sunan Al"Kubra of Bayhaq
and Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah of Duab.
Two ponts must be noted concernng these narratons.
The frst point: Foowng years of studyng and
revewng Sunn Musms narratons, we have found out
that when Sunns and the opponents of the Ah A-Bayt (A.S)
wanted to reate a narraton to the Ah A-Bayt (A.S) whch s
n no way n harmony wth those nobe mens opnon and
doctrne, they have aways embarked on fabrcatng a
narraton ascrbng t to one of the members of the pure
progeny of the Hoy Prophet, peace be upon hm and hs
descendants.
1
Vde: 3afaht Al" A8h%r, 2/27 and next.
36
When they wanted to nd a faut wth Aahs Prophet (S)
and hs nobe daughter, Fatma Zahra (S.A) as we as hs
successor Amru Mumeneen A (A.S), they made up a
story ascrbng a sayng to the Ah A-Bayt that they sad
that, for exampe, A (A.S) sought marrage to the daughter
of Abu |ah.
1

When they wanted to propagate the prohbton of
temporary marrage they made every ehort to crtcze Ibn
Abbas, who unt the ast moment of hs fe beeved that
temporary marrage was awfu. Thus, they forged a
narraton forbddng the temporary marrage and quotng a
sayng from A rebukng and tauntng Ibn Abbas for
beevng n the permssbty of temporary marrage. They
aso fabrcated tradtons quotng them from hs sons.
2
When they wanted to fabrcate a tradton on the merts
of the companons, they made ths tradton mputng t
Imam |afar Sadq (A.S) that he sad that the companons
were ke stars.
3
Therefore, there s no doubt that the story of Umm
Kuthums marrage to Umar s a fabrcated story whch has
no bass at a.
The second point: The Sunn Musms have narrated
ths story from Imam Sadq (A.S), from hs father as
narrated n Ibn Saads Al"Taba&at or from Imam Sadq (A.S),
from hs father, from Imam Sa||ad (A.S) as narrated n Al"
#ustadra2 or from Hasan bn Hasan as narrated n A-
,urriyat Al"Tahirah or from Hasan bn Hasan, from hs father
as narrated by Bayhaq n hs Al"Sunan Al"Kubra.
Therefore, f the Sunn Musms am of quotng these
narratons s to base ther argument on them to prove ther
1
Refer to the treatse that we have wrtten concernng ths sub|ect.
2
See the research work that we have wrtten concernng ths topc.
3
See the book that we have wrtten concernng ths topc.
37
sde of the story on the bass of ther own standards and
prncpes, then t depends on the authentcty of the
narraton accordng to them.
Hence, t s not possbe to use the foregong narratons
on the authorty of the Ah A-Bayt (A.S) because Ibn Saad,
the wrter of Al"Taba&at Al"Kubra has spoken nsoenty and
dsrespectfuy of Imam Sadq (A.S) sayng:
"He has severa narratons that cannot be used to argue
wth snce they are weak and unreabe. He was once
asked: Dd you hear these narratons from your father?"
He sad: "Yes."
He was asked agan and he sad: "I found them n my
fathers book."
1

Lkewse, n hs Al"#ustadra2, Hakm Nsharbur narrates
a tradton from Imam Sa||ad (A.S) on the authorty of Imam
Sadq (A.S) consderng t to be authentc. Commentng on
that tradton, Dhahab says: "The chan of transmsson of
ths narraton s cut oh."
2
Concernng that narraton, Bayhaq, says: "Ths narraton
s mursal0 (hurred or a tradton n whch the chan of
narrators s omtted."
3

The narraton that has been narrated from Hasan bn
Hasan n Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah, s aso smar to ths. On top
of that, ts narrators have been weakened as sha soon be
cared. Certany, there s no nterrupton n the narratons
transmtted n Bayhaqs Al"Sunan Al"Kubra from Hasan bn
Hasan, from hs father but ther chans of transmsson ack
authentcty and credbty especay because the narrator
1
Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib, 19:;.
2
Tal2his Al"#ustadra2, <9=;1.

3
Al"Sunan Al"Kubra, >9=?1.
38
narrates ths tradton from Hasan bn Hasan bn Ab
Makah. We sha provde the detas soon.
On the other hand, f ther am of reatng these
narratons s to make Shtes accept them, smpy because
they have been narrated from the Ah A-Bayt (A.S) through
those who narrated tradtons from the Hoy Messenger of
Aah (S), such an ehort depends on the fact that the
foowers of Ah A-Bayt (A.S) shoud verfy and authentcate
the transmtters of these narratons accordng to ther own
vewpont, and ths s the begnnng of the debate between
Shsm and the Sunnte schoo.
Hence, the most mportant narratons whch Sunn
Musms have made recourse to and ponted out n ther
books are vered and proven be unreabe and
unauthentc. (By extenson, other reevant narratons woud
be vod and unauthentc).
Notwthstandng ths, we sha dscuss at ength n ths
regard. To begn wth, we sha dscuss the chan of the
transmsson of the narraton that has been narrated n Al"
Sunan Al"Kubra of Bayhaq, from Imam Baqr (A.S) and from
hs respected father Imam Sa||ad (A.S) and n Al"5sti0%b,
from Imam Baqr (A.S) and n Al"Sunan Al"Kubra from Hasan
bn Hasan. Then we sha study ther snad (documentaton)
and chans of the transmsson of the other narratons so as
to draw a concuson and to expose the opponents by
concrete arguments and proofs. On ths bass, we say:
Bayhaq has reported ths narraton n Al"Sunan Al"Kubra
from Hakm Nshabur, from Imam Baqr (A.S), from hs
father Imam Sa||ad (A.S). The pont s that Ahmad bn Abdu
|abbar s aso present n the chan of the transmsson of the
narraton, and we sha now study hs bography.
39
Ahmad ibn Abdul Jabbar as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Some of the comments made by bographers concernng
Ahmad bn Abdu |abbar are as foows:
Ibn Ab Hatm says: "I have wrtten many narratons
reported by Ahmad, but because a ot of peope are
speakng |hghy of| hm, I have refraned from narratng
them."
Ibn Muen says: "He used to e."
Abu Ahmad Hakm aso says about hm: "Ahmad bn
Abdu |abbar s weak accordng to bographers. That s why
Ibn Uqdah has dsregarded hs narratons."
Ibn Ad aso says about hm: "The peope of Iraq
unanmousy consder hm as weak (untrustworthy)."
1
7unus ibn ,uair as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Yunus bn Bukar s aso n the chan of the transmtters of
the narratons. Some bographers sayngs about hm are
as foows:
|ur, from Ab Dawud narrated that Yunus bn Bukar s
not trustworthy accordng to hm. He used to take a cause
from Ibn Ishaqs sayngs and attach t wth the tradtons.
Nesa says about hm: "Yunus s not good n narratng
tradtons." He has aso been reported as havng sad:
"Yunus s weak n terms of narratng tradtons."
|owz|an says about Yunus: "It s approprate to ook nto
hs work carefuy."
Sa| says: "Ibn Madn never transmtted narratons from
Yunus, nevertheess, he s counted among the honest
narrators by Sunn Musms."
1
Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib, 1/47.
40
Ahmad bn Hanba says about hm: "The peope hated
and detached themseves from no one as much as they
hated and detached themseves from hm."
Ibn Ab Shaybah says: "He was characterzed by
weakness."
Sa| says: "Yunus was a truthfu person, the ony aw wth
hm was that he used to foow the ruers and he was a
foower of the Mur|ah
1
sect.
2
Amr ibn (inar as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Ths narraton has aso been quoted by Ibn Abd a-Barr
and Ibn Ha|ar on the authorty of Imam Baqr (A.S) wth Amr
bn Dnar beng present n the chan of the transmsson. We
have mentoned beow comments made by some
bographers about hm:
Maymun narrates from Ahmad bn Hanba that Amr bn
Dnar s weak n terms of transmttng narratons and that
he was a reporter of weak |munkar| tradtons.
Ishaq bn Mansur narrates from Ibn Maen that he s not
noteworthy from a bographca perspectve. Yaqub bn
Shaybah has aso narrated from Ibn Maen that he sad that
Amr bn Dnar s a dh%hib Al"hadith0
3
.
Amr bn A says about hm: "The narratons from Amr are
weak n terms of transmsson." He narrated mun2ar
|teray denounced|
4
tradtons from Sam, from bn Umar,
from Aahs Messenger (S).
Abu Hatm has narrated the same sayng: "A of hs
narratons are denounced."
1
Mur|ah was a group of Musms who procamed: "No sn s harmfu wth
fath."
2
3
Meanng the tradtons transmtted by hm are worthess.
4
#un2ar, (JK
L
:
M
;N ), teray means 'denounced'. If a narraton whch goes aganst
another authentc hadth s reported by a weak narrator, t s known as mun2ar.
41
Abu Zurah says about Amr: "Hs narratons are
vagarous."
Bukhar says: "He s a man who shoud be ooked at wth
uncertanty and hestaton."
Abu Dawud says about hs narratons: "They are not
noteworthy."
Trmdh says: "He s not strong n terms of transmttng
tradtons."
Nasa decares hs opnon about Amr by sayng: "He s
not reabe snce he has narrated denounced tradtons
from Sam."
Ese where, he says: "He s weak n terms of transmttng
tradtons."
|owz|an and Dar Outn have made smar remarks about
hm.
Ibn Hbban says: "Whoever ooks at hs narratons,
becomes surprsed; he has narrated #awdu0ah
1
tradtons
from trustworthy narrators."
In the book of Al"Awsat, Bukhar aso wrtes as such about
hm: "Hs narratons can nether be foowed nor can they be
consdered authentc."
Ibn Ammar Mawse says about Amr: "He s weak n terms
of transmttng tradtons."
Sa| aso makes a smar remark sayng: "He s weak n
terms of transmttng tradtons for he has narrated
denounced tradtons from Sam."
2
1
$adith #awdu', a tradton fabrcated by the narrator and fasey ascrbed to
Prophet Muhammad (S) or hs descendants, peace be upon them.
2
42
These were some of the remarks made by bographers
concernng Amr bn Dnar. Hence, the concuson s that the
narraton whch he has transmtted n connecton wth the
sub|ect matter s worthess. What s more, Sufyan bn
Uyanah s aso n the chan of these narrators.
Sufyan ibn Uyainah as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Bayhaq has aso reported ths narraton from Hasan bn
Hasan, from hs nobe father (S). Among the peope n the
chan of the transmsson of the tradton s Sufyan bn
Uyanah. What foows s what some bographers have some
commented on hm:
Ibn Ammar says: I heard Yahya bn Saed Oattan sayng:
"Bear wtness that Sufyan bn Uyanah ost hs mnd n the
year 197 (A.H.). Therefore anyone who heard a narraton
from hm n ths year or n the foowng years, cannot be
trusted."
After quotng Ibn Ammar, whe answerng the queston of
Dhahab, Ibn Ha|ar Asqaan says: "Ths has been reported
by Dhahab ony because Ibn Ammar s among the trusted
nteectuas. There woud be no probem, f Yahya bn Saed
heard t from a group of pgrms n that year and tested t
smpy because he trusted them due to the fact that there
were many peope who reported the same."
I found a sayng from Yahya bn Saed that can form a
reason why Ibn Ammar narrated from hm, concernng Ibn
Uyanah. Whe eaboratng on the bography of Isma bn
Ab Saeh Muadhn, n Tari2h 4aghdad, Abu Saad Saman
narrates, wth a strong chan of transmsson from Abdu
Rahman bn Bushr bn Hakam, that he heard Yahya bn
Saed sayng: "I tod Ibn Uyanah: "You have wrtten
tradtons but when you narrate them these days, you add
and omt somethng from ther chans of transmsson!"
43
He sad: "You shoud obtan the tradtons n the same
way as you heard them earer, because I have become od
now."
Abu Mueen Raz wrtes as part of the annotatons whch
he has wrtten on Ahmad bn Hanbas Al"5man: "Haroon bn
Maaruf tod Ahmad: The heath condton of Ibn Uyanah
had deterorated durng the ast moments of hs fe."
Suayman bn Harb aso tod hm: "Ibn Uyanah has made a
ot of mstakes n most of the narratons that he has
reported from Ayyub."
1

8ai bin Jarrah as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Another narrator who has transmtted ths narraton s
Wak bn |arrah. In hs #i8an Al"(0tidal, Dhahab quotes
Ahmad bn Hanba about Wak bn |arrahs ncredbeness
and unreabty as a reporter because he used to curse the
predecessors, drnk ntoxcants and gve fase verdcts.
2
Khatb Baghdad narrates on the authorty of Naeem bn
Hammad that he had hs dnner - or breakfast - wth Wak.
Wak sad: "Whch one do you ke me to brng you, od
mens speca nabi8 (wine of rasns or dates) or young
mens speca nabz?"
I sad: "Do you speak of such thngs?"
He sad: "I beeve ths s more haa (permssbe) than
the Euphrates water."
3

Ibn Ha|ar reports from Ahmad that Wak has erred n as
many as ve hundred tradtons.
4
1
Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib: 4/108 and 109.
2
Mzan A-Etda, 7/127.
3
Tarkh Baghdad, 13/477.
4
Tahdhb A-Tahdhb, 11/111.
44
He has reported from Muhammad b. Nasr Marwaz that n
the ast days of hs fe, Wak used to narrate tradtons
from hs own mnd changng hs sentences.
1
Ibn Jurai3 as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Ibn |ura| too, s one the transmtters of ths tradton.
Regardng hm, Ibn Ha|ar wrtes: Mak says: "When t comes
to narratng a tradton, Ibn |ura| s ke someone coectng
rewood n the darkness.
2
Ibn Mueen says: "The narratons that he has narrated
from Zuhr are not worthy of attenton."
Ahmad says: "When Ibn |ura| says: "Someone sad", and
"I am reportng", he s n fact narratng a denounced
|munkar| narraton."
Yahya bn Saed says: "Whenever Ibn |ura| says that
someone (or so and so) sad, t s ke he s speakng out hs
own mnd |he s not reportng from anyone|."
Ibn Madn says: "I asked Yahya bn Saed concernng the
narratons reported by Ibn |ura| from Ata Khurasan."
He sad: "Hs narratons are weak."
I tod Yahya: "Ibn |ura| says that Ata Khurasan reported
to hm."
Yahya sad: "Hs words are not noteworthy; they are a
weak. Ata ony has gven hm a book."
1
Ibd, 11/114.
2
Ths phrase s used n scentc books to make a sarcastc remark about mxng
up of the rght and wrong and truth and fasehood.
45
Ibn Hbban says: "Ibn |ura| used to practce tadlis0
1
(conceang)."
Dar Outn says: "Keep away from the conceang and
decet of Ibn |ura| snce hs tadlis |conceang| s mean."
2
Concernng Ibn |ura|s personaty, Dhahab wrtes n hs
#i8an Al"(0tidal: "He used to practce tadlis n narratng
tradtons."
3
In ths regard, Ibn Ha|ar says: "Ibn |ura| used to practce
tadlis n narratng narratons and used to narrate tradtons
by way of irsal (the absence of the nk between the
successor and the Prophet)."
4
Most mportanty, Ahmad bn Hanba says about hm:
"Some of the narratons that Ibn |ura| has narrated by way
of irsal are forged. It was not mportant for hm as to where
he was narratng from.
5
Ibn Abi Maliah as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Hs name s Abduah bn Ubaduah and t s enough to
say about hm beng untrustworthy that he was a speca
muadhin0 (one who cas peope to prayer) and the |udge of
Ibn Zubar.
6
Now we sha once agan ook back at the tradton and
see the narrators n the chan of transmsson of the
tradton whch he has reported.
1
A person reports from hs shakh whom he met, what he dd not hear from hm,
or from a contemporary of hs whom he dd not meet, n such a way as to create the
mpresson that he heard the hadth n person. A mudallis (one who practces tads)
here usuay uses the mode ("on the authorty of") or ("he sad") to concea the truth
about the snad.
2
Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib, 6/354 and 355.
3
#i8an Al"(0tidal, 4/404.
4
Ta&rib Al"Tahdhib,1/617.
5
6
46
In the narratons of Ibn Saad and the narratons that Ibn
Ha|ar has narrated from Ibn Ab Makah n Al"5sabah, there
s Wak bn |arrah whom we became famar wth through
the detas provded above.
Husham ibn Saad as Seen by ,iogra6hers
One of the narrators s Husham bn Saad about whom
Dhahab wrtes n hs #i8an Al"(0tidal:
Ahmad has sad about hm: "Husham was not a
memorzer.
1
On the other hand, Yahya bn Oattan dd not
narrate from hm."
Dhahab further wrtes: "On another occason, Ahmad
says: "There s no sound and authentc tradton among
Hushams tradtons."
Concernng hm, Ibn Mueen says: "Hs tradtons are
nether strong nor gnorabe."
Nesa has descrbes hm as such: "Husham s weak n
narratng tradtons." In another statement, he says:
"Husham was not strong n terms of narratng tradtons."
Ibn Ad says about hm: "Athough Husham was weak n
terms of narratng tradtons, they are worth wrtng down
and recordng."
Ibn Ha|ar says about hm: "Dowr narrated from Ibn
Mueen that Husham s weak n terms of narratng
tradtons."
Commentng on hm, Abu Hatm aso says: "The tradtons
of Husham are recorded but they ack the capacty to be
used for argumentaton or evdence-based reasonng."
1
Accordng to some schoars, a memorzer n the scence of diraya (bography)
and tradtons s sad to be a person who has memorzed one hundred tradtons
together wth ther chans of transmsson.
47
Dhahab adds: "Ibn Abd a-Barr has mentoned hs name
among the peope who are counted as weak but whose
narratons are wrtten, and Yaqub bn Sufyan has aso
consdered hm to be among the weak."
Ibn Saad says about Husham: "He used to narrate a ot
of tradtons but he was generay consdered to be weak;
he was ncned towards Shsm.
1
Ibn 8ahab as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Ibn Wahabs has appeared n the narraton that Ibn Abd
a-Barr and Ibn Ha|ar have narrated wth ther own isnad
2
from Asam, the freed save of Umar. Now, we sha see
who he s and what bographers have sad about hm.
Ibn Wahab s that same Abduah bn Wahab A-Ourash
who s Egyptan by orgn but was aed wth the Ourash.
Ibn Ad and Dhahab have recorded hs name n Al"Kamil
@ Al",hu0afa
3
and #i8an Al"(0tidal respectvey.
4
Ibn Mueen has aso sad somethng about hm wth ntent
to reproach hm.
5

Ibn Saad says concernng Ibn Wahab: "He used to
practce tadlis."
6
That s, he conceaed the truth about the
isnad of the tradton to create the mpresson that he heard
the hadth n person.
Ahmad bn Hanba says about hm: "The tradtons whch
Ibn Wahab has narrated from Ibn |ura| need to be examned
and contempated upon (for they may not be true)."
1
#i8an Al"(0tidal, 7/81 and Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib: 11/37 and 38.
2
The chan of authortes attestng to the hstorca authentcty of a partcuar
hadth.
3
Al"Kamil @ Al",hu0afa: 5/336.
4
5
Al"Kamil @ Al",hu0afa, 5/336 and 337 and #i8an Al"(0tidal: 4/223 and 224.
6
48
Conrmng what Ahmad bn Hanba has sad about Ibn
Wahab, Abu Awanah says: "Ahmad has sad the truth,
because Ibn Wahab has transmtted reports whch none
other than hm has reported."
1
Musa ibn Ali 9ahmi as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Khatb Baghdad has reported ths narraton wth hs own
isnad from Lath bn Saad, from Musa bn A bn Rabah
Lakhm, from hs father, from Uqbah bn mr |uhan who
are a verabe n terms of trustworthness and reabty.
Accordng to Suyut: "Musa bn Lakhm was the governor
of Egypt from 155 unt 161 A.H."
2
Ibn Ha|ar says about hm: "Musa took the governorshp of
Egypt n the year 161 AH."
3
Saman says concernng Musa Lakhm: "He was the
governor of Egypt."
4
Ibn Mueen has commented on hm by sayng: "Musa s
not good n narratng tradton."
Regardng Musa Lakhm, Ibn Abd a-Barr wrtes: "The
narratons that Musa has narrated aone are not strong."
5
Ali ibn 5ab*h 9ahmi as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Ibn Ha|ar has studed A Lakhms fe and made
reference to certan facts about hm n hs book n whch he
wrtes:
1. He came to Muawyah as a representatve.
2. He used to say: "I sha not pardon whoever named me
A because my name s Ua."
1
2
$usn Al"#uhadharah, 2/12.
3
4
A"Ans%b 5/134.
5
49
3. He was treated wth respect by Abdu Azz (the son of
Marwan and brother of Abdu Mak who was for some tme
the governor of Egypt) unt a tme when Abdu Azz got
angry at hm and sent hm to a batte n Afrca. He remaned
there n Afrca unt he ded.
1
U&bah ibn :mir Juhani as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Uqbah has been crtczed and consdered unreabe by
many bographers:
1. He was one of the governors and agents of Muawyah
bn Ab Sufyan. Saman says: "Uqbah was present durng
the conquest of Egypt and he got the measurement of that
area. In the year 44, after the death of Utbah son of Abu
Sufyan, he served as the commander of Muawyahs army
n Egypt. Then n the year 47, Muawyah dspatched hm for
a nava combat.
2

Ibn Ha|ar says about Uqbah: "He was apponted governor
of Egypt by Muawyah n the year 44."
3
Suyut has aso sad the same thng about hm.
4
2. He was the murderer - or one of the murderers - of
Ammar bn Yasr. In ths regard, Ibn Saad wrtes: "Ammar
(may Aah bess hm) was ked at the age of 91. He had
been born before the Prophet of Aah (S). In the Batte of
Smn, Ammar was confronted by three peope; Uqbah bn
mr |uhan, Umar bn Harth Khuan and Shark bn
Saamah Murad. When they had surrounded hm, Ammar
tod them: "I swear by Aah, f you attack me and push us
back as far as to Ha|ar pam grove, I woud st be sure that
we are on the rght sde and you are not."
1
2
A-Ansab, 2/134.
3
4
$usn Al" #uhadharah, 2/8.
50
It was then that they attacked and ked hm. Some
peope thought that Uqbah bn mr had ked Ammar.
3. He was the man who bate up Ammar by the order of
Uthman.
After the above account of the conversaton, Ibn Saad
says: "Uqbah s the person who bate Ammar at the behest
of Uthman bn Ahan."
1
Based on the foregong account, we do not see any need
to examne the bographes of Lath bn Saad and other
peope n Khatb Baghdads chan of the transmtters of the
narraton.
At* Khurasani as Seen by ,iogra6hers
One of the narrators of ths narraton s Ata Khurasan.
Bukhar has mentoned hm n the book tted Al",huafa Al"
Saghir.
1
Ibn Hbban has made menton of hm n Al"#a!ruhin.
3
Uqa has mentoned hs name n hs book tted Al",huafa
Al"Kabir.
4

Dhahab has provded Ata Khurasans bographca
detas n two of hs books namey #i8an Al"(0tidal and Al"
#ughni @ Al",huafa0.
A
Saman says about Ata Khurasan: "He was a man of bad
memory, had a ot of mstakes, erred unknowngy and
these narratons were transmtted from hm. When these
probems were noted wth hs narratons, they were no
1
Al"Taba&at Al"Kubra, 3/196.
2
Al" ,huafa Al"Saghir, 178 and 179.
3
The book of Al"#a!ruhin, 2/130 and 131.
4
Al",huafa Al"Kabir, 3/405.
5
#i8an Al"(0tidal, 5/92, Al"#ughni @ Al",huafa, 2/59.
51
onger used as proofs and reasons as they were consdered
worthess and unacceptabe."
6

In addton, there s nterrupton and dsconnecton wth
ths narraton of hs because Ata was born n the year 50
and he ded n the year 133 or 150 of the Isamc caendar.
Therefore he must have narrated these narratons from
someone ese whose name he has not mentoned.
Muhammad ibn Umar 8a&idi as Seen by ,iogra6hers
One of the narrators who have reported ths narraton s
Muhammad bn Umar Waqd. Bographers have aso sad a
ot about hm:
Ahmad bn Hanba says: "He s a great ar and a person
who tampers wth narratons."
Bukhar and Abu Hatm say: "Muhammad bn Umar s an
obsoete person."
Lkewse Abu Hatm and Nesa have sad: "He used to
forge narratons."
Ibn Rahwah says: "In my opnon, he s one of those who
fabrcated narratons."
Ibn Mueen says: "He s not a reabe and trustworthy
person."
Dar Outn says: "He s characterzed by weakness n
terms of narratng tradtons."
Ibn Ad says: "Tradtons transmtted by hm are not
protected and coherent; ev and compcatons arse from
them."
Saman says: "Much has been sad about hm."
6
Al"Ans%b, 2/337.
52
Ibn Khaakan says: "The bographers have weakened hm
n terms of narratng tradtons and they have sad a ot
concernng hm."
Yafee says: "Promnent tradtonsts have abeed hm as
weak."
Dhahab says: "There s an a out agreement about
dsregardng hs narratons.
1

Abdul 5ahman ibn ;aid as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Another person who has narrated ths tradton s Abdu
Rahman bn Zad. Abu Tab says: "Ahmad bn Hanba sad
concernng Abdu Rahman bn Zad: "He s weak n terms of
narratng tradtons."
Abduah bn Ahmad says: I heard my father dsparagng
Abdu Rahman and sayng: "He narrates denounced
tradtons."
Dowr says: "Ibn Mueen says about Abdu Rahman: "Hs
narratons are not noteworthy."
Bukhar and Abu Hatm say about hm: "A bn Madn has
strongy dsparaged (weakened) hm."
Abu Dawud says: "Zad bn Asams chdren are a weak
n terms of narratng tradtons."
Nesa and Abu Zurah have sad about Abdu Rahman:
"He s weak n terms of narratng tradtons."
Abu Hatm says: "Abdu Rahman s not strong n reportng
tradtons."
Ibn Hbban comments on Abdu Rahman by sayng:
"Owng to gnorance, he used to narrate the tradtons
1
Vde: #i8an Al"(0tidal, 6/273, Al"#ughni @ Al",huafa, 2/354, Al"K%shif, 3/65,
#ir0%t) Al"-in%n, 2/36 n the happenngs of the year 207, Al"Ans%b, 5/567, Ta&rib Al"
Tahdhib, 2/117 and Taba&%t Al" $ifadh (page 81), 149 and other sources.
53
nversey to an extent that he narrated a ot of mursal |t.
hurred| tradtons as marfu |attrbuted| tradtons and a ot
of the maw&uf
1
tradtons wth chans of transmsson and t
s because of the same reason that hs narratons are
denounced and dsregarded."
Ibn Saad says: "He has reported a ot of narratons, but
surey he s weak n terms of narratng tradtons."
Ibn Khuzaymah says: "Abdu Rahman s among the
peope who are of poor memory due to whch the schoars
and experts never use hs narratons to present ther
argument."
Sa| says: "Hs narratons are mun2ar |denounced|."
Tahaw says: "Hs narratons are weak accordng to
schoars of hadth."
|owz|an says: "Zads chdren are weak n terms of
narratng tradtons."
Hakm and Abu Naem say: "Abdu Rahman used to
narrate forged tradtons from hs father."
Ibn |auz says: "Bographers are unanmous about hm
beng dhaif |weak|."
2
;aid ibn Aslam as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Another narrator of ths narraton s Zad bn Asam.
Bographers have wrtten that he has transmtted narratons
from |abr bn Abduah Ansar and Abu Hurarah, whe Ibn
Mueen has sad: "Zad had never heard any narraton from
ether |abr or Abu Hurarah."
1
#aw&uf refers to a narraton attrbuted to a Companon, whether a statement
of that companon, an acton or otherwse."
2
You can nd ths matter and other sayngs n the book of Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib,
6/162 and 163.
54
Thus many narratons reported from other companons
have been attrbuted to hm to make the mpresson that he
hmsef has reported those narratons from them whereas n
fact he had never heard them.
Ibn Abd a-Barr has aso sad the same thng about hm
and Ibn Ha|ar has quoted hm and seen eye to eye wth hm
n ths regard. He says: "Ibn Abd a-Barr has sad thngs n
the ntroducton to hs book Al"Tamhid whch show that Zad
practced tadlis n narratng tradtons."
Moreover, Ibn Umar has been quoted as havng sad: "I
do not know any weaknesses n hm other than the fact that
he nterpreted the Ouran based on hs own persona opnon
and he went to extremes n dong ths."
1
What was sad above gnores the bographes of the
narrators of ths tradton n between Ibn Abd a-Barr, Ibn
Ha|ar and Ibn Wahab.
;ubair ibn ,aar as Seen by ,iogra6hers
Ibn Ha|ar has reported ths narraton n hs Al"5sabah from
Zubar bn Bakkar. Zubar was the |udge of the cty of
Makkah and was among the peope who dsobeyed the
Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) and the Prophets
Househod (A.S) gong astray. Wth that sad about hm, he
has aso been dsparaged and reproached by Sunnte
schoars. Zubar ded n the year 256 A.H.
It has been reported from Ibn Ab Hatm that he saw
Zubar but he dd not wrte any tradtons from hm.
Ahmad bn A Suayman has mentoned Zubar bn
Bakkar n Al",hu0afa (a book on weak and unreabe
1
You can nd these statements and aso other sayngs n Tahdhb A-Tahdhb
voume 6 pages 162 and 163.
55
narrators) and has commented on hm as such: "Hs
narratons are denounced."
1
In addton, Ibn Ha|ars narraton from Zubar has been
transmtted by way of irsal (the absence of the nk between
the successor and the Prophet (S)).
A Study of the Chains of Transmission of "arrations
about Umm Kulthums Marriage to Umar
What has been mentoned had to do wth the man story
whch was, by way of the bographca study, proven to be
baseess. Now we sha revew the narratons concernng the
marrage of Umm Kuthum after Umars death. Sunn
sources have passed on narratons concernng Umm
Kuthums fe as per whch the Commander of the Fathfu,
A (A.S) marred Umm Kuthum to Awn bn |afar. The man
and orgna source of ths narraton s Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah
whch other sources such as Usd Al"6habah, Al"5sabah,
,ha2hair Al"U&ba etc. have cted from.
Ths narraton from Hasan bn Hasan has been reported
through Ahmad bn Abdu |abbar, Yunus bn Bukar and Ibn
Ishaq, from Hasan bn Hasan. Of course we have aready
examned the chan of the transmsson of ths narraton.
Duab has transmtted ths narraton wth hs own chan
from Ibn Shahab Zuhr, who was among the famous
devants gong astray from the path of the Prophets
househod, peace be upon them.
2
In ths study, we have skpped the bographes of other
narrators and we are |ust remndng you of one thng and
1
Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib, <91>B.
2
Refer to the treatse I have wrtten concernng the narraton about AliCs
/ro/osal to Abu -ahlCs daughter.
56
that s, Ibn Mun - who has narrated from Zuhr - was the
brother of Husham bn Abdu Maks wfe.
1
A Study of the Authenticity of the "arrations
Concerning Umm Kulthums (eath
The narratons whch are about Umm Kuthums death
have, for the most part, been narrated by Ibn Saad n hs
Al"Taba&at Al"Kubra. We sha now examne ther chans of
transmsson and then ther sgncatons.
There s no doubt that most of the chans of the
transmtters of ths narraton end to Amr Shuab. Hence,
we sha now expore hs personaty and try to gure out
who he s.
A 9oo at the ,iogra6hy of <Amir Shuabi
He was born durng the ast sx years Umars regn. He
ded after the hundredth hegra year. Hs narratons are,
therefore, mursal (.e. the chan of narrators s omtted).
Shuab was the |udge of the Marwan famy.
He was amongst the devants who opposed the
Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) to the extent that he
went to Ha||a| and spoke of hm (A.S) and cursed hm.
Hasan Basr was enraged wtnessng ths. He advsed hm
not to curse A (A.S).
2

Hs grudge and enmty mpeed hm to say: "A had
never read the Ouran nor had he memorzed t!" Ths
unconsdered sayng made some peope oppose hm and
re|ect what he had sad about A (A.S).
3
It was because of ths enmty that he was ed to fabrcate
narratons such as the foowng:
1
2
5hya Al" Ulum, 2/346.
3
6hayat Al"3ihaya @ Taba&at Al"Dur%0, 1/541.
57
1- Abu Bakr prayed on Fatma, the daughter of Aahs
Prophet (S) and rected four ta2birs.
2- When Fatma passed away, A bured her at nght and
took Abu Bakr by hs arm hepng hm to oher prayer on
Fatma.
The fact that ths narraton s fabrcated s so obvous that
Ibn Ha|ar has been compeed to wrte under t: "Ths
narraton s weak and dsconnected."
1

Lkewse ths enmty has made hm go as far as to
consder Harth Hamedan as a ar (because he was Shte)
but he was ob|ected to for havng eveed such an
accusaton aganst hm.
Ibn Ha|ar says n ths regard: "Whe quotng Ibrahm
about Shuab refutng Harth, Ibn Abd a-Barr wrtes n hs
book tted Al"5lm: "I thnk Shuab shoud be punshed
because he has refuted Harth and caed hm a ar. Ths s
because Harth had not been seen yng, and hs ony crme
was hs excessve ove of A, peace be upon hm.
2
A 9oo at the ,iogra6hy of Ammar ibn Abi Ammar
In vew of the fact that some of the narratons end wth
Ammar bn Ab Ammar, a quck gmpse nto hs
bographca account reveas that a number of the eaders
of |arh - (t. to n|ure) and Tad - (t. to ad|ust)
3
such as
Shuabah bn Ha||a|, Bukhar, Ibn Hbban and others have
reproached hm.
4
A 9oo at the ,iogra6hy of "*fi
Some of these narratons are connected to Na, the
master of Ibn Umar. Hence, we must have a short gmpse
1
Al" 5sabah, 8/267.
2
3
The phrase Al"!arh wa Al"taCdil refers to a systematc approach to crtqung a
narrator's poston as a narrator.
4
Tahdhib Al"Tahdhib, 7/341, Ta&rib Al"Tahdhib, 1/707.
58
of hs bography. To understand the type of hs character, t
s enough to know that Abduah bn Umar had sad to Na:
"Oh Na fear Aah and do not ascrbe es to me n the
same way as Ikramah used to ascrbe es to Ibn Abbas."
Ths sayng of Ibn Umar about Na and Ikramah, s
famous. Addtonay, Ahmad bn Hanbas sayng about
Na s worthy of notce. He says: "Nas narratons from
Umar are cut-oh and dsconnected."
1

A 9oo at the ,iogra6hy of Abdullah Al%,ahi
Some of these narratons are connected to Abduah A-
Bah who s better known as Abduah bn Yasar.
Concernng hm Ibn Ha|ar says: "Abduah was the master
Musab bn Zubar, therefore, hs narratons are mursal0
(ncompetey transmtted).
Whenever ths man narrates from Asha, he says: "Asha
narrated to me." The schoars have refuted hm and sad
that he narrates ony from Urwah bn Zubar.
Ibn Ab Hatm has aso made menton of Abduah A-Bah
n hs Kitab Al"'5lal reportng from hs father that argument
cannot be but on A-Bahs narratons as they are
dsordered and shaky.
2

What has so far been sad was about the chans of the
transmtters and documentaton of the narratons regardng
Umm Kuthum.
Of course, we have, for the sake of brevty, cosed eyes to
bographes of other ndvduas who have transmtted ths
narraton.
1
2
Section III
The Te=t of the "arrations and their
Significations
60
The Te=t of the "arrations and their Significations
Truth-seeker! Come wth me so we may, after we have
examned the bographes of the narrators of ths story, ook
nto the text of the narratons and ther sgncatons. Ths
has to be done so that we shoud, throughout the stages of
the story, ook from cose the maevoence and sptefu
behavors of the enemes of the househod of the Hoy
Prophet, peace be upon them.
We sha carry on ths dscusson from severa
dmensons:
The first dimension/
In the concocted story about Umm Kuthums marrage to
Umar, t has been narrated that the reason gven by Imam
A (A.S) for not consentng to hs daughters marrage to
Umar was the formers young age and that he had kept her
for the son of hs brother, |afar bn Ab Tab.
It has been narrated n the narraton by Ibn Saad that "A
(A.S) sad: "I have kept my daughters for the sons of |afar."
In the narraton of Hakm, the Imam has been quoted as
havng sad: "I have prepared her for the son of my
brother."
In another narraton quoted by Ibn Saad, t s reported
that the Imam sad: "She s a young gr."
Of course Ibn Abd a-Barr, Ibn Athr and others have aso
reported the same thng. In Bayhaqs narraton, t has been
reported that the Imam (A.S) sad: "She s too young (for
marrage)."
So n these narratons, nothng ese has been reported
from the Imam (A.S), except that Umar returned agan and
61
sad: "Marry her to me; I swear by Aah! There s no one n
ths word that.."
Accordng to these narratons, the Imam (A.S) dd not do
anythng except that he sent her daughter to Umar so that
he coud see her..!
It has been added n some narraton that the Imam (A.S)
ordered her to be prepared and made-up. So they she was
beauted and adorned and then, the Imam (A.S) sent her
to Umar so that f he ked her and agreed to marry, she
woud then become hs wfe!
It s surprsng to see how the Imams poston changes n
respect of Umm Kuthums marrage from tota and decsve
refusa to quck acceptance, thus reversng and changng
hs mnd so qucky?
Who beeves ths? At east ths report s dubous and
suspcous and requres some thought and reecton.
Certan facts are reveaed to the reader who goes through
dherent narratons n ths regard, facts that they have
attempted to contnue to hde n some od works authored
by the schoars of hadth. Now we sha menton and
eaborate on some of those narratons:
Ibn Maghaza (d. 483) narrates through hs own chan
from Abduah bn Umar that Umar bn Khattab mounted the
pupt and sad: "Oh peope! I swear by Aah! What made
me tak persstenty to A bn Ab Tab concernng hs
daughter was the fact that I heard the Prophet of Aah (S)
say:
-
.
/O 123 4 1P56 4 JQPR 7P89:; <= >! D
.
E (?P;@A9BC F22P3 4 STJQPR @PUQ6@V W@PAXY> <= >
S?;@A9BC W@Z[\> O@UQ2]@^B
1
1
#an%&ib Al"5mam Ali ibn Abi Talib (A.S), bn Mmaghaza, 134 and 135.
62
()ery lineage and means and grooming relationshi/ will
be se)ered on the ,ay of -udgment e.*e/t my lineage and
grooming relationshi/ with me, and these two will *ome on
the ,ay of -udgment and will inter*ede for their owners.
=
Through ths narraton, t becomes cear that the
Companons and ther foowers were surprsed hearng ths
story and t was even taked about n the cty makng Umar
to go on the pupt and expan to the pubc hs am of ths
marrage proposa, and he swore that he had no other
reason for ths act of hs except that he had heard the
Messenger of Aah (S) about t and he was bent on dong
that ony for the same reason.
The pont to be taken nto consderaton s that there s
no deta as to Umars persstence and nsstence and t has
not been expaned why he nssted on marryng As
daughter and what the atters reacton was to t.
In Khatb Baghdads narraton, t has been reported that
Umar bn Khattab proposed to A bn Ab Tab for hs
daughter, who was from Fatma (A.S), and went to hm tme
and agan and sad: "O Aba Hassan, What has made me to
come to you tme and agan s ony a sayng that I heard
from the Messenger of Aah (A.S) .."
It has been stated, n ths narraton, that Umar vsted A
(A.S) many a tme.
Accordng to some narratons, Umar used threat to
ntmdate A (A.S) n order to make hm accept the oher.
For nstance, Ibn Saad reports: "When Imam A (A.S) tod
Umar that Umm Kuthum was a young gr, Umar sad: "I
swear by Aah! That s not your excuse, but we know what
your ntent s."
1
#ana&ib Al"5mam Ali bin Abi Talib (A.S), Ibn Maghaza, 134 & 135.
63
In the narraton reported by Duab and Muhb Tabar from
Ibn Ishaq, t has been sad that Umar sad: "I swear by
Aah! That s not what you want to do, t s ony that you
want to stop me from marryng Umm Kuthum".
1

In some other narratons t has been ceary stated that
Umars whp aso payed an mportant roe n ths ncdent.
In the narraton that Duab has narrated through hs own
chan from Asam, Umars master, we read: Umar proposed
to A bn Ab Tab for hs daughter, Umm Kuthum, and he
dscussed the matter wth Abbas, Aq and Hasan.
Aq got angry and tod A: "The passage of days and
months w ony add to your ack of nsght and astuteness
n your work. By Aah, f you do ths, such and such w
happen."
A tod Abbas: "By Aah! He s not takng wshfuy, but
the whp of Umar has mpeed hm to say what you are
hearng"
2
On the other part, Abu Naem Isfahan has aso passed
ths report from Zad bn Asam, from hs father, but he has
omtted "Umars whp" from the report. Lets read ths
narraton together:
Zad bn Asam narrates from hs father that Umar bn
Khattab caed A bn Ab Tab to hs pace and had a
prvate conversaton wth hm. Thereupon, A stood up and
waked up to "sufah"
3
and consuted Abbas, Aq and Hasan
regardng Umm Kuthums marrage to Umar.
A Sad: "Umar has nformed me that he heard the
Prophet of Aah (S) say:
1
,ha2hair Al"U&ba @ #ana&ib ,hawi Al"Durba, 286.
2
Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah, 160.
3
A rased pace wth a roof made of eaves of date-pam trees and t s a restng
pace for the poor and mserabe.
64
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
'()ery means and lineage is se)ered on the ,ay of
-udgment e.*e/t my lineage and means.0
=

Apart from beng an underage gr and the fact that Umm
Kuthum had been kept for the son of |afar, A (A.S) aso
gave another reason for hs refusa where the Imam (A.S)
sad: "She has aso two other guardans apart from me."
2
What the Imam (A.S) meant by those two were Imam
Hasan and Hussan (A.S). Accordng to the narratons, A
dscussed the matter wth Hasan and Hussan (A.S), Aq and
Abbas.
Ths narraton that has been reported from Asam mpes
that Imam Hasan (A.S) kept sent about ths proposa, and
hs sence has been taken as a sgn of hs consent and
approva.
In another narraton t s reported that Hussan kept quet
and Hasan started to tak. Thankng and prasng Aah he
sad: "Dear father, apart from Umar, who ese s more
approprate for marrage wth Umm Kuthum? He was a
companon of the Prophet of Aah (S) and when the Prophet
(S) passed away, he was peased wth hm. He has taken
the caphate and has acted |usty!
A sad: "You are rght, my son, but I dd not want to
nsh a task wthout seekng the opnon of you two."
3
Ths narraton contradcts the narraton that Bayhaq has
reported from Ibn Ab Makah, from Hasan bn Hasan. It s
reported n that narraton that A tod Hasan and Hussan:
"Marry her to your unce."
1
$iliyat Al"Awliy%0, 2/42.
2
,ha2hair Al"U&ba, 289.
3
,ha2hair Al"U&ba, 289.
65
They sad: "She s aso ke a other women and has the
rght to choose." Thereupon, A stood up angry but Hassan
grabbed hs coth and sad: "Dear father, we cannot ahord
to mss you."
A sad: "Then marry her to Umar."
1
Nevertheess, a group of peope have ntentonay and
knowngy pad heed to these forged narratons. Now, you
shoud gve carefu attenton to the narratons. Ths same
contradcton has been reported from Hasan bn Hassan n
connecton wth the marrage of Umm Kuthum wth Awn
bn |afar. In that narraton, t s reported that when Umm
Kuthum, the daughter of A bn Ab Tab became a wdow
after the death of Umar bn Khattab, her brothers Hasan
and Hussan, came over to her and sad..
2

Ths s a ong narraton that contans shamefu es and
aughabe statements.
The second dimension/
It has been stated before that as per many narratons the
reason Imam A (A.S) opposed to Umm Kuthum's marrage
to Umar was the fact that she was young and underage. It
s nferred from these narratons that Umar dd not accept
what A (A.S) put forth as excuse. That was why he went to
A tme and agan persstenty askng hm for hs daughters
hand n marrage. He went as far as to use threat to
ntmdate A (A.S) to accept the proposa as evdenced by
narratons reported by Duab and Muhb Tabar.
A sad: "She s young."
Umar sad: "I swear by Aah! That s not what you want
to do, t s ony that you want to stop me from marryng
1
A-Sunan Al" Kubra, 7/185 number 13660.
2
Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah, 162 and 163; ,ha2hair Al"U&ba, 290.
66
Umm Kuthum. If what you say s the case, send her to
me."
3
Snce such actons are not n keepng wth the reverence
and respect of the second caph accordng to Sunn
schoars, some narrators and hadth experts have avoded
to report on the opposton of the Commander of the
Fathfu, A (A.S) to hs daughter's marrage to Umar and
aso the atter's nsstence, threat and refutaton. One who
refers to Khatb Baghdad's narraton w ready admt ths
fact.
Third dimension/
Ibn Saad narrates from Waqd and others and says:
"Then A requested for a pece of garment whch he foded
and tod Umm Kuthum to take t to Umar.
It has been stated n Muhb Tabars report from Ibn Ishaq
that A caed Umm Kuthum, gave her a pece of coth and
tod her: "Take ths to Umar."
Ths was done to make Umar see her. That was why when
Umm Kuthum returned to her father, she sad: "Umar dd
not unfod the coth and he dd not ook at anythng except
me."
Surey, such a behavor from the Musms caph has
been seen by some Sunn schoars e.g. Sabt bn |auz, as
thy and unpeasant. We sha soon pont out hs words n
ths regard. It s for the same reason that some narrators
have not made reference to ths topc n ther narratons.
Abu Bushr Duab has narrated as such: "A caed Umm
Kuthum, who was a tte gr, and sad to her: "Go to Amru
Mumeneen and te hm: "My father sent you hs greetngs
and sad that he fued the request that you had made."
3
Al",urriyat Al"Tahirah, 157 and 158; ,ha2hair Al"U&ba, 286.
67
Khatb Baghdad has aso reported a smar narraton:
"Umar proposed to A for hs daughters hand n
marrage and sad: "Marry her to me."
A sad: "I have kept her for the son of my brother,
Abduah bn |afar."
Umar sad: "I swear by Aah, there s no man on the face
of the earth who seeks to acheve through her good
companonshp that whch I seek to acheve."
Thereupon, A marred her to Umar and the atter went to
the Muha|reen."
The 4ourth dimension/
In ths story, thy and unpaatabe thngs have been
quoted ncudng the foowng:
Ibn Saad narrates from Ibn Waqd as such: "A ordered
Umm Kuthum to be made up and adorned so that she coud
go to Umar. She was prepared and adorned (as ordered by
her father)."
In the narraton transmtted by Khatb Baghdad from
Uqbah bn Aamr, t has been reported: "She was adorned."
In the narraton reported from Imam Baqr (A.S) by Ibn
Abd a-Barr and others, the Imam has been quoted as
havng sad: "When Umm Kuthum went to Umar, Umar
pued away the coth from the caf of her eg!"
Truy, these reports are at the hghest eve of obscenty.
The queston s that, are the ars and forgers of these
narratons not ashamed of dong such obscene and
oathsome acts? Ther conducts are so mean and despcabe
that even f a ay person hears them, he w ready despse
them and testfy to ther obscenty. Are they not ashamed of
68
forgng and attrbutng such thy stores to Imam Baqr,
peace be upon hm?
Indeed t s so shameess and t s owng to the same
reason that we see some Sunn narrators tryng to
msreport and concoct such stores n order to prove ther
sde of the story. Ibn Athr modes the story and makes t
ook a bt modest. He says: "Umar paced hs hand on her."
In ths respect, Duab and Muhb Tabar have reported as
such: "Umar took hod of her arm."
Ese where they say: "Umar grabbed her and pued her
to hs bosom!"
Others such as Bayhaq and Hakm Nshabur have not
narrated anythng n ths regard. When reportng such
narratons, Muhb Tabar says: "Ibn Samman has made a
bref but mpct reference to ths sub|ect." However, what
he has reported does not ncude anythng from the reports
transmtted by the narrators whose names were mentoned
above.
1

In addton, some of the narrators of ths story, have
stated ceary that ths story s a e. Concernng ths same
ssue, Sabt bn |auz (d. 654) says: "My grandfather wrtes n
Al"#unta8am that A sent Umm Kuthum to Umar so that he
coud see her. Umar pued away the coth from the caf of
her eg and then touched her!"
Sabt bn |auz further says: "In my opnon - I swear by
Aah - ths s a despcabe act; even f she were a save gr,
she woud not have been treated as such.
2

1
Refer to: ,ha2hair Al"U&ba, 289.
2
It s worth mentonng that n the Isamc aws (of both the Sunn and Sha
sects) specc aws on how to treat a save have been dscussed whch are not
comparabe wth the aws regardng a free woman. In any case, the meanness and
obscenty of Umars acton remans n pace and what Ibn |auz Hana means from
the above statement refers to the very pont.
69
On the other hand, Musms are unanmous about
touchng a non-mahram ady beng prohbted n Isam. The
queston s: Why are they attrbutng a ths to Umar?
1
The author says: "I wsh t was ony touchng." In Khatb
Baghdads narraton, Umar s sad to have even kssed and
grabbed the caf of Umm Kuthums eg!
The fifth dimension/
The text of the narraton narrated by Ibn Saad and
others, n a way, contans prase and congratuaton. We
have read that Umar tod Meccan mgrants: "Congratuate
me." and they congratuated hm.
2
In other words, Umar
requested a speca congratuaton and sad: "Congratuate
me on wves beng consderate and empathetc and on
havng more chdren."
3
It s pretty obvous that ths knd of congratuaton was
customary n the perod of gnorance whch, accordng to a
Musms, the Messenger of Aah (S) had prohbted. In ths
regard, Ahmad bn Hanba narrates through hs own chan
that Abduah bn Muhammad bn Aq says: "Aq son of Tab
had marred, he came to us and we congratuated hm n
the way whch was customary durng the perod of
gnorance. Aq sad: "Cam down! Do not congratuate me
n such a manner because the Prophet of Aah (S)
prohbted us from congratuatng n such a manner and he
sad: "You shoud say "May Aah bess you, may Aah make
t bessed, may t be bessed.
4
1
Tadh2irat Al"Khawas, 288 and 289.
2
Al"Taba&at Al"Kubra, 8/339, Kan8ul Ummal, 13/269 number 37576, Al"5sti0ab,
4/509, Usd Al"6habah, 7/378, Al"5sabah, 8/465.
3
,ha2hair Al"U&ba, 287. To understand the meanng of ths knd of
congratuaton, refer to Eisan Al"Arab0 and other books n Arabc grammar to nd
the word "Rfaa".
4
#usnad Ahmad ibn $anbal, 4/484. Refer to Fasail Al"Shia, 14/183 tradton
number 25550.
70
Snce ths statement of Umar depcts hs gnorance and a
ack of knowedge about the thngs that the Messenger of
Aah (S) prohbted as we as ndcates the fact that he
wanted to revve the customs and norms of the perod of
gnorance, some Sunn schoars have endeavored to ater
the text and manpuate t n a way whch s consstent wth
ther own vaues and standards. That s why n Hakms Al"
#ustadra2, we read: "Umar went to the Muha|rn and sad:
"W you not congratuate me?"
In Bayhaqs Al"Sunan Al"Kubra, t s reported that Umar
went to the Muha|rn and they prayed and wshed hm we.
Lets not forget that Khatb Baghdad has never narrated
ths ncdent n hs Tarkh (hstory book).
The si=th dimension/
Another aspect of ths story that can be studed and
examned s the frut of ths fase marrage; t has been
reported n some narratons that foowng the marrage of
Umm Kuthum to Ummar, she gave brth to a son aegedy
named Zad. It has been reported by Sa'ad and other
narrators that she gave brth to bn Umar and Roqayyah,
daughter of Umar.
When t comes to the number of Umar's chdren, Nawav
narrates as such: "Fatma and Zad whose mother was Umm
Kuthum."
1
In another narraton passed on by Ibn Outabah about the
daughters of the Commander of the Fathfu, A, peace be
upon hm, t has been stated as such: "Umm Kuthum gave
brth to chdren whom I referred to."
2

1
Tah8ib Al"Asma wa Al"Eughat, 2/334.
2
Al"#aCaref, 122.
71
The se>enth dimension/
One of the topcs dscussbe n ths fabrcated story s
Umm Kuthum's marrage after Umar; t has been
mentoned n many a number of narratons that after
Umar's death, Awn foowed by Muhammad sons of |a'far
marred Umm Kuthum but the same peope who have
reported that these two marred Umm Kuthum have sad:
"Awn and Muhammad were ked n the batte of Shushtar
whch took pace durng Umar's caphate."
Ibn Abd A-Barr says: "Awn son of |a'far bn Ab Tab was
born n the tme of the Messenger of Aah, peace be upon
hm and hs descendants. Awn's mother and that of hs
brothers Abduah and Muhammad sons of |a'far bn Ab
Tab was Asma daughter of Umas Khath'am. Awn and hs
brother, Muhammad, were martyred n the batte of
Shushtar wthout them eavng any chdren behnd."
1
He further says: Muhammad bn |a'far bn Ab Tab was
born n the tme of the Messenger of Aah, peace be upon
hm and hs descendants. He s the one who, after the death
of Umar bn Khattab, marred Umm Kuthum daughter of A
bn Ab Tab. and was martyred n the batte of Shushtar.
2
Concernng Awn bn |a'far's martyrdom, Ibn Ha|ar says,
"Awn bn |a'far was martyred n the batte of Shushtar
whch took pace n the tme of Umar's caphate. He dd not
have a chd."
3
Ibn Athr has made a smar comment.
4

1
Al"5stiCab, 3/315.
2
Al"5stiCab, 3/423 and 424.
3
Al"5sabah, 4, 4/ 619.
4
Usd Al"6habah, 4, 302.
72
It s pertnent to menton that the batte took pace durng
the caphate of Umar and hstorans have made cear
reference to t n ther accounts.
5
In ths passage quoted from Ibn Ha|ar, he has made
menton of the same fact. Indeed, a truth-seekng
researcher s amazedy mndfu of the contradctory reports
and narratons transmtted by these peope.
The eighth dimension/
An mportant queston n connecton wth the topc under
dscusson s: Whch one of the two brothers marred Umm
Kuthum, Awn bn |a'far or Muhammad bn |a'far? Sunn
tradtons provde dherent accounts n ths regard. Ibn
Sa'ad and Dar Outn, as stated n A-Isabah, says: "Awn
ded durng the fetme of Umm Kuthum and hs brother,
Muhammad, contracted marrage wth her. Then,
Muhammad ded and Abduah marred her."
Ibn Saad narrates as such: Umm Kuthum sad: "I fee
embarrassed towards Asma bnt Umas whose two sons
ded when they were wth me, and I am worred about the
thrd one!" Umm Kuthum ded when she was wth Abduah
bn |afar."
2
Ibn Outabah narrates ths story dherenty; he says:
"When Umar was ked, Muhammad bn |afar marred Umm
Kuthum and ded durng her fetme. Then Awn bn |afar
marred her and Umm Kuthum ded when she was marred
to hm."
3
You can see that Ibn Outabah has mentoned the
marrage of Muhammad bn |afar wth Umm Kuthum before
the atters marrage to Awn bn |afar and she ded when
5
Tari2h Tabari, 3/ 174, A-Kam A-Tarkh, 2/550.
2
Al"Taba&at Al"KubraG 8/338.
3
Al #a0arif, 122.
73
she was st marred to Awn. Outabah has made no
menton of Abduah bn |afar.
Moreover, athough Ibn Abd a-Barr has dscussed Umm
Kuthums fe, he has not stated anythng regardng her
marrage after Umars death, nor has he sad anythng
about her marrage to Awn. Nevertheess, when t comes to
Muhammad bn |afars fe, he says: "Muhammad bn |afar
bn Ab Tab s the one who marred Umm Kuthum, the
daughter of A bn Ab Tab, after the death of Umar bn
Khattab.
1
The ninth dimension/
In ths secton, we sha now have a short ook at the
bography of Abduah bn |afar. He was the husband of the
Wse Woman of Ban Hashm, e.g. Zanab, the daughter of
the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S). Lady Zanab (S.A)
used to ve wth her husband Abduah unt hs death after
the tragedy of Karbaa.
Concernng Zanab (A.S), Ibn Saad wrtes: "Zanab was
the daughter of A bn Ab Tab. Abduah bn |afar bn Ab
Tab marred her. They were bessed wth four sons namey;
A, Awn Akbar, Abbas and Muhammad and a daughter
named Umm Kuthum."
Ibn Saad goes on to report a narraton from Muhammad
bn Isma bn Fadk, he from Ibn Ab Zeb that he sad:
"Abdu Rahman bn Mahran tod me as such: "Abduah bn
|afar bn Ab Tab, marred Zanab the daughter of A. At
the same tme he had marred As wdow, Laa Bnt
Masud; both Zanab and Laa were hs wves."
2
After countng the number of Abduahs chdren, Nawav
says: "Ther mother was Zanab, the daughter of A bn Ab
1
Al"5sti0b, 3/424.
2
Al"Taba&at Al"Kubra, 8/340.
74
Tab from Fatma, the daughter of the Prophet of Aah,
peace be upon hm and hs descendants."
1
Concernng Hazrat Zanab (A.S), Ibn Ha|ar wrtes: "Zanab
was the daughter of A bn Ab Tab bn Abdu Muttab. She
was Hashem and the granddaughter of the Messenger of
Aah (S) and her mother was Fatma."
He further wrtes: "Ibn Athr descrbes Zanab as such:
"She was born durng the fetme of the Messenger of Aah
(S). She was an ntegent and a earned woman as we as
a great orator. Her father marred her to the son of hs
brother, Abduah bn |afar whereupon they were bessed
wth chdren. When her brother Imam Husan (A.S) was
ked, she was n hs company but thereupon she was taken
to Sham (Syra). She was present n the court of Yazd son of
Muawyah. Whe n the court, a man from Sham wanted to
take her sster Fatma as a save. Addressng Yazd, Zanab
devered a speech that showed her ntegence and strong
heart. Ths story s we-known.
2
Therefore, f the woman who was caed Umm Kuthum
and who ded durng the regn of Muawyah s the very
daughter of the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) and
she Abduah bn |afars wfe after the death of Awn and
Muhammad (as aso reported n the narratons), then t
mpes that Abduah bn |afar marred two ssters at the
same tme, somethng whch s prohbted and obscene n
Isam.
That s why Ibn Saad has carefuy reported sayng:
"Umm Kuthum was marred to Muhammad bn |afar. After
hs death, hs brother Abduah bn |afar bn Ab Tab
marred her foowng the death of her sster, Zanab."
1
Tahdhib Al"Asma, Fa Eugh%t, 1/249.
2
Al"5sabah, 8/166 and 167.
75
The tenth dimension/
Another queston that comes up s, who prayed on Umm
Kuthum after she ded? The answer to ths queston s
found n the reported narratons, but there are
contradctons and dscrepances n those reports. The
contradctons are found even n the narratons reported by
one narrator.
When t comes to the prayer on Umm Kuthum and her
son Zad, Ibn Saad narrates from Shuab and Abduah A-
Bah as such: "Ibn Umar prayed on them."
He has aso reported the same story from Ammar bn Ab
Ammar and Na who sad: "Saed bn Aas prayed on them."
It s nterestng to note that some hstorographers have
narrated from Ammar bn Ab Ammar that Saad bn Ab
Waqas prayed on them.
1
In any case, regardess of who ohered the funera prayer,
the narratons ndcate the fact that she ded durng the
regn of Muawyah because the narratons report that Imam
Hasan and Imam Hussan (A.S) attended the prayer.
However, what s proven through hstorca accounts s
that Umm Kuthum and her sster Zanab (A.S) were present
n the event of Karbaa. When they were taken to Kufah as
saves, she devered a famous speech n that cty the text
of whch has been recorded and narrated n many books.
Ibn Tafur (d. 280) has narrated Umm Kuthums speech n
the book of 4al%gh%t Al"3es%. Ibn Athr and a few other
famous schoars and tradtonsts have aso mentoned t
under the term farth0 n ther books such as Al"3ihayah,
Eisan Al"Arab and Ta! Al"Arus.
1
Tari2h Al"Khamis, 2/285.
76
Perhaps t s because of the same reason that n Abu
Dawuds narraton from Ammar bn Ab Ammar, t s
reported that Ammar bn Ab Ammar sad: "I was present n
the funera prayer on Umm Kuthum and her son. Her sons
corpse was paced on the sde where the Imam was
standng to whch I ob|ected but Ibn Abbas, Abu Saed
Khedr, Abu Outadah and Abu Hurarah were aso n
attendance. They sad that the way they paced the corpses
n front of the prayer eader was customary.
1

Ammar bn Ab Ammar ends the story wthout mentonng
the name of the Imam who prayed on those two. Lkewse,
he has not cared as to who Umm Kuthum and her son
were.
It has been reported agan n Nesas narratons from
Ammar bn Ab Ammar that he sad: "I was attendng the
funera prayer of a ady and a son. The corpse of the son
was paced n front on the sde at whch the Imam was
standng and that of the ady was paced behnd hm when
the prayer on those two was ohered. Among the peope n
attendance were Abu Saed, Ibn Abbas, Outadah and Abu
Hurarah. I ob|ected to the way they had postoned the
corpses and they sad that t was customary."
2
Here Ammar bn Ab Ammar has ony reported that
tradton and he has faed to menton the Imams name,
and those of the two dead bodes on whch prayer was
ohered nor has he stated anythng about the reaton
between the woman and the boy.
Summary
As you notced, we presented and examned the chans of
the transmsson of the narratons about the Commander of
1
Sunan Abi ,awud, 2/416 number 3193.
2
Sunan Al"3esai, 4/374 number 1976.
77
the Fathfu, A (A.S) marryng hs daughter to Umar bn
Khattab, and other narratons pertanng to ths great ady
of the Househod of the Prophet (S). However, we coud not
nd n them a chan of transmsson that coud be reed
upon or whch an argument coud be based upon. We aso
nvestgated metcuousy the text of the narraton
regardng Umm Kuthums marrage to Umar. We ooked
carefuy nto the sayngs of Sunn schoars and ther reports
on ths topc. We found out that ther reports are
contradctory and refutng each other.
Moreover, we aso studed the sgncatons of the
narraton and t was made cear that the entre story s
baseess and undocumented. The probabty here s that
the forgers of ths story sought to create a vrtue for Umar
bn Khattab who hmsef s one of the narrators of ths
prophetc tradton:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
'()ery means and lineage will be se)ered on the ,ay of
-udgment e.*e/t my means and my lineage.0
Ths tradton sgnes the vrtues and merts of the
Prophets Househod especay the Commander of the
Fathfu, A (A.S). As aso stated by Manaw, even Hakm
Nshabur has narrated the above tradton as a proof of the
vrtues of the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S).
1
That
was why they forged the story of Umars proposa to the
daughter of the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) n a bd
to ncude Umar amongst those who were nked to the
Prophet (S) and to nay estabsh a vrtue for hm. Ths s
further evdenced by the fact that a number of great Sunn
tradtonsts have reported ths tradton from Umar wthout
mentonng ths story, and they have reported the same
1
Faidh Al" Dadir, 5/27.
78
tradton from other ndvduas wthout makng reference to
Umars marrage proposa and the reevant story.
Muttaq Hnd has cted ths tradton from dherent
sources. As per hs report, the Messenger of Aah (A.S) sad:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
()ery means and lineage will be se)ered on the ,ay of
However, he wrtes under the tradton as such: "Khatb
Baghdad and Hakm Nshabur have narrated ths tradton
from Umar. Lkewse, Khatb Baghdad has narrated from
Ibn Abbas and Mswar." He further says that Ibn Asakr has
aso narrated from Ibn Umar that the Prophet of Aah,
peace be upon hm and hs descendants, sad:
-
.
/0 156 4 JQR 789:> <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F256 4 G_JQR
()ery lineage and grooming relation will be se)ered on
the ,ay of -udgment e.*e/t my lineage and grooming
relation.0
=
Ibn Maghaza has reported ths tradton n #an%&ib Al"
5mam Ali ibn Abi Talib (A.S) that the Prophet of Aah (S)
sad:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
()ery means and lineage will be se)ered on the ,ay of
Then he narrates ths tradton through hs own chan
from Saed bn |ubar, from Ibn Abbas, from Umar.
2
1
Kan8ul Ummal, 11/183 number 31911 & 31912.
2
#ana&ib Al"5mam Ali ibn Abi Talib (A.S), 133 & 134.
79
There s a narraton smar to ths one reported from the
Hoy Prophet (S) about Fatmas poston and rank. He has
been quoted as havng sad:
?U`@V0 ?Zab GF:;
Fatima is a /art of my bodyH
The Hoy Prophet (S) has been quoted by dherent
companons to have sad the above on a number of
occasons. When some enemes of the Prophets Househod
(A.S) saw the dherent aspects and mpcatons of ths
sound and authentc tradton whch has been recorded n
ther own Sihah, they deberatey embarked on fabrcatng
the story of the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) makng
a marrage proposa to Abu |ahs daughter, somethng
whch they nked to the above tradton to prove ther own
sde of the story."
1
Thus, both of the tradtons reate to
marrage proposas, one of them about Umar askng the
daughter of the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) for her
hand n marrage and the other s about A (A.S) proposng
marrage to Abu |ahs daughter!
Umars marrage to Umm Kuthum woud make hm a
groom of Fatma Zahra (S.A) whe As marrage to Abu
|ahs daughter woud hurt Fatma and n|ure her feeng! As
stated earer, Umars proposa was owng to the fact that
he had heard the Prophet of Aah (S) say:
-
.
/0 123 4 156 789:; <=> ?;@A9BC D
.
E F223 4 GF256
'()ery means and lineage will be se)ered on the ,ay of
As proposa was opposed by the Messenger of Aah (S)
and he was ohended to the extent that he, peace be upon
hm, wanted A to dvorce hs daughter!
1
Refer to the thess that we have wrtten n ths regard.
80
In short, gven the outcome of the research conducted
nto ths story, t s very cear that the entre story s
fabrcated and outrageous.
When t comes to the narrators of ths story, they are
Umars save, Oadh bn Zubar, the ker of Ammar Yasr
and the cercs who were amated to the Ummayad famy.
The narrators n the chan of transmsson are a few ars,
fabrcators, weak and mudallis (one who practces tadlis) n
terms reportng tradtons.
Most probaby, the man reason for fabrcatng ths story
s what we |ust mentoned as evdenced by the fact that
some of the narrators are nvoved n the transmsson of
both of the stores.
?ne @uestion
Based on what was sad, a queston arses as to whether
or not there s any probabty or an occason to whch the
narratons regardng ths story coud be apped after
assumng ther authentcty and the reabty of the chans
of ther transmsson notwthstandng the fact that ths story
s famous among Sunn Musms and there are few shadh
(rreguar) narratons reported n ths connecton through
Shte channes as we.
Answer
In repy to ths queston, we must say that there s no
doubt that the statements and narratons reported n ths
regard contan aegatons and cams whch are not
permssbe to accept under any crcumstances." For
nstance, go through the foowng narraton that they have
reated: "A sent Umm Kuthum to Umar so that he coud
see her. He aso ordered that she be adorned and
beauted!" There are many other such narratons whch
we do not menton here for the sake of brevty.
81
Obvousy the reason these narratons are nvad and
fase s qute cear. Another nstance s the story of the
death of Umm Kuthum durng the tme of Muawyah as
reported by Sunn narrators. The report that she ded durng
Muawyahs regn s untrue because she was present n the
event of Karbaa and there are reports conrmng her
presence n the ncdents that took pace on the Day of
Ashura.
Therefore, that ady who ded on the same day as Zad,
and on whom a certan ndvdua prayed was one of Umars
wves wth her name beng ether Umm Kuthum (as she
had wves whose names or ncknames were Umm Kuthum)
or she was someone bearng a name other than Umm
Kuthum.
1

Assumng the authentcty of ther narratons and ther
isnad |chans of transmsson|, ths probabty s reamrmed
by the narratons of Abu Dawud, Nesa and others. Thus,
there s no reabe report to prove that Umm Kuthum, the
daughter of the Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) bore
Umar a chd caed Zad. That s because there s no
evdence apart from the narratons that were proved to be
worthess and fabrcated.
Lkewse, there s no report or evdence to prove that she
gave brth to a daughter, not to menton the fact that the
narrators themseves have dscrepant vews as to the story
tsef as we as the name of that daughter.
It s further reamrmed by Musm schoars who have sad:
"When Umar ded, Umm Kuthum was st young and
mmature." One of those schoars s Shekh Abu Muhammad
Nawbakht who s one of the eary Shte schoars. In hs Al"
1
5fham Al"A0ad% Fa Al" Khusum, 2/72 - 212.
82
5mamah, he wrtes: "Umm Kuthum was young and |uvene
and Umar ded before consummatng marrage wth her.
1

Lkewse, Shekh Abu Abduah Muhammad bn Abdu Baq
Zarqan Mak (d.1122 -
2
) whe eaboratng on the meanng
of knshp of the hoy Prophet (S) makes reference to the
same pont sayng: "Knshp refers to peope who are
reated to the cosest grandfather of the Messenger of Aah
(S) .e. Abdu Muttab because the Prophet (S) sad:
c;0 7:R dBC e]C cP; ePB4 eP2f 1Pg8
.
UBC CeP> hPgV ijV@PK> @PQb FPV S@A6ePBC FPgZV iX@PV@K; CkC
GF:lA9B
Fhoe)er treats well any of the *hildren of Abdul
#uttalib and does him a fa)or and he does not not ma2e u/
for the fa)or in this world, it will be ne*essary u/on me to
ma2e it u/ on the ,ay of -udgment when he shall meet
me.
Tabaran has reported ths tradton n Al"#u0u!am Al"
Awsat. Hence, those who are reated to peope before Abdu
Muttab ke the chdren of Abdu Manaf, or the peope who
are n the same eve reated to Abdu Manaf, for exampe
the chdren of Hashm, the brothers of Abdu Muttab or the
peope reated to hm but who dd not see hm or assocated
wth hm, are excuded from hs knshp.
It seems that knshp does not refer to the men and
women who were n the company of the Messenger of Aah
(S) and dd not see hm; but t refers to A and hs chdren;
Hassan, Hussan, Mohassn and Umm Kuthum, the wfe of
the second caph, Umar bn Khattab.
1
4ihar Al"Anwar, 42/91.
2
Hs bography can be read n Sil2 Al" ,urarfFi A0ayan Al" Darn Al"Thani Ashar,
4/32
83
In fact, Umar ded before Umm Kuthum reached the age
of puberty and Awn bn |afar marred her. He aso departed
and she got marred to hs brother, Muhammad. He too ded
and she got marred to Abduah, the brother of those two.
Umm Kuthum ded n hs house and dd not bear a chd
wth any of those three, except Muhammad, for whom she
bore a daughter who ded, whe st a chd. Thus, Umm
Kuthum does not have any chdren or descendents as the
author mentoned n the second secton of ths book.
1

Furthermore, assumng that Umar marred Umm Kuthum,
the fact that Umm Kuthum dd not bear a chd s reamrmed
by Umar who stressed that he dd not want anythng by
makng a marrage proposa but to be the son-n-aw of Hoy
Prophet (S). He nssted that he wanted to be one of the
members of the Prophets househod (A.S). He decared that
he dd not seek to gan anythng except reatonshp wth
the Messenger of Aah through marrage wth Umm
Kuthum.
1
Sharh Al"#awahib Al"Eadoniyyah, 7/9 and 10, theme: Mabhath Oarabat A-Nab
(S).
Section IA
Umars Marriage to Umm Kulthum in Shiite
"arrations
85
Umars Marriage to Umm Kulthum in Shiite
"arrations
#

As we was mentoned whe rasng a queston regardng
Umm Kuthums marrage to Umar bn Khattab, the story s
famous and we-known among Sunn Musms and the
narratons regardng ths marrage have aso been reported
n the books authored by Sha schoars. However, n spte of
ths story beng we-known among Sunn Musms and the
fact that t has aso been reported n some Shte sources,
some of our schoars have re|ected the story on the ground
that t s not true and genune. If one goes through Shte
sources, he w see the re|ecton and refutaton n the works
authored by Shekh Mud, Sayyd Murtadha and Sayyd
Nasr Hussan, the son of the author of Aba&at Al"Anwar
(may Aah bess hm) - and n the works by other gures
who have engaged n the anayss and evauaton of ths
very sub|ect matter.
Here we reterate that the narratons reported by reabe
Shte narrators ndcate and revea what we have aready
stated n our answer to the forgong queston. In ths
respect, we quoted Nawbakht, one of the Shte schoars,
and aso Zarqan, a Sunnte schoar. Now we sha menton
and eaborate on the narratons reported by Shte sources
through reabe chans of transmsson.
2

1
It s worth mentonng that the prevous edton of ths book acked ths secton
as t was added ony n the wake of a request by some schoars and semnarans.
That was because my study was focused ony on Sunn tradtons and narratons n
connecton wth the sub|ect matter. It s expected that ths secton w be
suppementary and that t w throw further ght on the answers gven brey n ths
book.
2
Of course n ths topc there are other tradtons n the sources of the Sha
whch after a carefu evauaton, we have reazed that on the part of ther
documents, they have been tampered wth and dscamed.
86
The first tradition/
Imam |afar Sadq (S.A) has been reported as havng sad
concernng the marrage of Umm Kuthum:
W. E0 mBk nJV Go@:2^p
That this was the far! that was usur/ed from us.
The second tradition/
It has been narrated n another narraton that Imam
Sadq (A.S) sad:
@U
.
B!! 18q iABC r@s iB JA;C cA:;tUBC iAgf @Q6
.
C u<v5BC .?A.2R
F9gV ur@s w@2.ZBC r@9V @; uiB xFB FbC xw@b
4 ur@s @; xyCk
zPP28q ur@PPs dPPBC cPbC mPAqC @PP;C ,FPP6{JV 4 W. |=PfD }PP~C 4 ,<PP; D {C hPKB ?PP;JK; D
.
C
4 ,@Ql;e c. UAsD iAgf c>e@ i6
.
@b c. Z8sD4 ,J3 .i:AU>
iX@V w@2.ZBC 4 iB@3 WC -Z> J;DC igZV .iABC ((iABC
1
"When Umar came to make the marrage proposa, the
Commander of the Fathfu, A (A.S) tod hm: "She s a
young gr."
Thereupon, Umar met Abbas and tod hm: "What s
wrong wth me? Do I have any defect?"
Abbas sad: "Why are you sayng that?"
Umar sad: "I asked your nephew for hs daughters hand
n marrage, but he has turned me down. I swear by Aah! I
w the we of Zamzam wth earth, I w destroy every
honor that you have, and I w set up two wtnesses to
testfy that he stoe, that I may cut oh hs rght hand. Abbas
thereupon came to A and nformed hm of what had
1
Al"Ka@, 5/346 tradton number 1 and 2.
87
transpred. He asked A to put the matter n hs hands, and
A comped."
The third tradition/
In another narraton reported from Suaman bn Khad
and others, Suaman has been quoted as havng sad: "I
asked Imam Sadq (A.S) as to where a ady whose husband
had ded shoud pass her Iddah (watng) perod
1
. Was t
necessary for her to pass the perod n her husbands house
or wherever she wanted?"
The Imam (A.S) sad: "Yes, she can pass her watng
perod wherever she woud ke to." Then he sad:
" W. E @A.gf iAgf <v5BC @U
.
B @; JUf dXC <
.
C <=g/ q@V S@eAb g86@V @Qb dBC ilAb "
2
Fhen Umar died, Ali (A.S) went to Umm Kulthum, got
hold of her hand and brought her to his house.
In vew of the above detas and assumng that the
narratons are true and authentc, we say: "The opponents
cannot use these narratons to base ther arguments and
prove ther sde of the story or to make us accept anythng
n ths regard. Ths s because the utmost concuson that
can be drawn from these narratons s that the marrage
contract took pace under threat and ntmdatng promses.
It was ony after these threats that Umm Kuthum went to
Umars house. When Umar was ked, the Imam (A.S) went
to Umm Kuthum and took her to hs house.
On the other hand, perhaps ths sayng of Imam |afar
Sadq (A.S) .e. "A (A.S) hed her hand and took her to hs
house" s a proof of what some schoars have stated that
1
Iddah s a watng perod of (four months and ten days) durng whch a ady
who has ost her husband, must stay away from marrage.
2
Al"Ka@, 6/115 and 116 tradton number 2, ths nformaton because of ts
appcaton n the aforesad aw, t has aso been mentoned n the books of Isamc
aws.
88
Umar ded before Umm Kuthum attaned the age of
puberty.
Therefore, what mert does ths proposa and the mposed
marrage whch was characterzed by threat and
ntmdaton does t earn Umar? What defect and aw does
such a proposa and marrage exact on the Commander of
the Fathfu, A (A.S) and the Househod of the Prophet,
peace be upon them? Can such a marrage be an ndcaton
of the two sdes beng sncere frends of each other?
When Umar threatens the Commander of the Fathfu, A
(A.S), n the manner demonstrated by the narratons, to
usurp and get ths gr, how may hs threats have been for
usurpng the caphate whch forcby senced the
Commander of the Fathfu (A.S) and hs foowers
compeng them to pay aegance to hm?! In fact, we can
say that ths usurpaton was meant to emnate the ehects
of that usurpaton.
Indeed, Ha||a| bn Yusuf Thaqa earnt ths same method
from Umar as evdenced by ths hstorca narraton:
Muhammad bn Idrs Shafe (d. 204) says: "When Ha||a| bn
Yusuf marred the daughter of Abduah bn |afar, Khad bn
Yazd bn Muawyah tod Abdu Mak bn Marwan: "Dd you
eave Ha||a| to marry the daughter of Abduah bn |afar?"
He sad: "Yes, what s wrong wth t?"
Khad sad: "By Aah, ths s the worst shame."
Abdu Mak asked: "How s that?"
Khad sad: "I swear by Aah! O Commander of the
Fathfu, ever snce I marred Ramah, the daughter of
Zubar, the enmty I had n my heart toward Zubar, has
pershed." Khad goes on sayng: "It seems Abdu Mak was
aseep and I woke hm up wth these words of mne. Then
89
and there he wrote a etter to Ha||a| makng hm to dvorce
Abduahs daughter." Ha||a| comped wth Abdu Maks
order and dvorced her.
1
4inal word concerning the marriage of Umm Kulthum
Consderng the nvestgaton and research conducted n
regard to Umm Kuthums marrage, a queston that does
arse s: Whom dd Umm Kuthum marry nay? In answer
to ths queston, we must say that t was cared earer
that, based on the sayng of Commander of the Fathfu, A
(A.S), he had kept hs daughters for the sons of hs brother,
|afar. In fact, ths was done by the order of the Messenger
of Aah (S) because one day the hoy Prophet (S) ooked at
As and |afars chdren whereupon the Prophet (S) sad:
@:X@:bO @:A:2B 4 @6=:b O@:X@:2B
Iur daughters are for our sons and our sons are for our
daughters.
1

However, when t comes to Umm Kuthum, there s a
narraton whch says: "Umar asked A for Umm Kuthums
hand n marrage. A made the excuse that she was too
young and he further sad that he had kept her for the son
of hs brother, |afar."
3

Lkewse t s seen n ths narraton that the Imam (A.S)
dd not specfy whch son of |afar he had kept hs daughter
for, but we know that he meant ether Awn or Muhammad.
Ths s because, as mentoned earer, the Commander of
the Fathfu, A (A.S) had marred hs daughter Zanab (A.S)
to Abduah, who was the edest of hs brothers.
1
#u2htasar Tari2h ,imash&, 6/205.
2
#an la Jahdhuruhu Al"Fa&ih, 3/249 tradton number 1184.
3
,ha2hair U&ba, 288; Kan8ul Ummal, 13/269 tradton number 37586.

90
Among the Sunn schoars, whose opnons and reports
we are dscussng n ths book, there s no dherence as to
the fact that Awn was ked n the batte of Shushtar,
durng the regn of Umars caphate. Hence, based on the
aforementoned narratons whch we assume to be
authentc, Umm Kuthum was marred to Umar durng ths
tme.
When t comes to Muhammad, bn |afar, Ibn Ha|ar
comments as such: "Abu Umar has narrated from Waqd
that Muhammads nckname was Abu Oasm. He marred
Umm Kuthum after Umars death." He further says:
"Muhammad was martyred n the batte of Shushtar."
It has been sad that Muhammad ved unt the tme of
Imam A (A.S) and was n the company of the Commander
of the Fathfu, A (A.S) durng the batte of Smn.
In hs Al"52hwah, Dar Outn wrtes: "It s sad that
Muhammad was martyred n the batte of Smn. In ths
batte, he fought wth Ubaduah bn Umar bn Khattab and
they fought each other to ther death."
In ths respect, Marzban too wrtes n #u0!am Al"Shuara:
"Muhammad bn |afar and Muhammad bn Ab Bakr were n
Egypt. When Muhammad bn Ab Bakr was ked,
Muhammad went nto hdng. A person from the can of Ak
and the trbe of Ghaq advsed hm to eave Egypt and he
ed there for Paestne where he went to one of materna
unces from Khatham can. He saved Muhammad from
Muawyahs mschef. Later on, Muhammad composed a
poem descrbng ths ncdent."
He further wrtes: "Ths has been proven and t re|ects
Waqd who sad that Muhammad was martyred n the batte
of Shushtar."
1
1
Al"5sabah, 6/7.
91
So, the person who marred Umm Kuthum, after Umars
death, based on the foregong supposton, s Muhammad
bn |afar and, as was stated earer, Ibn Abd a-Barr has
conrmed ths. Concernng Abduah too, t s necessary to
know that he s key to have marred Umm Kuthum after
the death of hs wfe Zanab (S.A). That s because
accordng to Ibn Abd a-Barr, Abduah was ave unt the
year 80 of the Isamc unar caendar and he ved for nnety
years.
Summary of the ,oo
The dscusson was about Umm Kuthums marrage to
Umar. The story was narrated from the most famous books
authored by Sunn schoars. In ths study, we unveed the
most hdden aspects of the story carefuy examnng the
chans of the narratons, ther sgncatons, the narrators
and ther goas. The truth of the matter was expaned and
substantated and the controverses came to and end.
Assumng that Hazrat Zahra (A.S) had a daughter by the
name of Umm Kuthum and that marrage n Isam takes
pace ony when the formua of marrage contract s rected,
therefore, based on the few narratons mentoned n
Kuayns Al"Ka@, we can concude that:
Umar asked A (A.S) for Umm Kuthums hand n
marrage and the Imam (A.S) made the excuse that she was
too young and that she was engaged to her cousn. After
Umars repeated proposa, frequentng and resortng to
threat to ntmdate the Commander of the Fathfu, (A.S)
and Ban Hashem, the Imam eft the matter to be decded
by hs unce Abbas; the marrage took pace n the sense
that ony a marrage contract was concuded wthout A
(A.S) and hs daughter consentng to t.
92
That was why no sooner Umar ded than A (A.S)
returned hs daughter to hs house. Hence, what has been
narrated n some Sunn books about the gr dressng up
and gong to Umar under the pretext of handng over a
pece of garment s baseess and undocumented
scentcay. The same s the case wth the report about
Umm Kuthums death occurrng smutaneousy wth the
death of her chd from Umar.
The concuson s that ths ncdent cannot be used to cover
up Umars conduct towards the househod of the Prophet (S)
durng Lady Zahras fetme. Lkewse, they cannot use ths
story to argue that the Commander of the Fathfu, A, peace
be upon hm, was n good and frendy terms wth Umar.
93
,ibliogra6hy
1. Ihya Uloom Al-Deen, Abu amed haali, ar Ala,refah, eirut, ebanon.
'. Al-Istiab, (bn Abd Alarr, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 11 A.
). Usd Al-Ghabah, (bn Athir, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon.
. Al-Isabah, (bn ajar Asalani, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 11 A.
. Ifham Al-Ada wa Al-Khusum, Allamah ayed asir ussain usavi indi, ew
aynaw ibrary.
. Al-Ansab, Samani, ar AlFi*r +ublications, eirut, ebanon, first edition,
1 A.
. Behar Al-Anwar, uhammad air ajlisi, ar Al(hya AlTurath AlArabi,
eirut, ebanon, third edition, 1) A.
. Tarikh Bahdad, $hatib a"hdadi, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon,
first edition, 11 A.
. Tarikh Al-Khamis, iyar a*ri, ar ader +ublication,s, ebanon.
1. Tarikh Al-Tabari, Tabari, #roomiyah oo*stall +ublications, om, (ran
11. Ta!kirat Al-Khawas, ibt bin awi, Ahlulayt (A..! (nstitute, eirut,
ebanon, 11 A.
1'. Ta"rib Al-Tah!ib, (bn ajar Asalani, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon,
second edition, 11 A.
1). Talkhis Al-#ustadrak, hahabi, ar Ala,refah, eirut, ebanon.
1. Tah!ib Al-Asma wa Al-$uhat, awavi, ar AlFi*r, eirut, ebanon, first
edtion, 11.
1. Tah!ib Al-Tah!ib, (bn ajar AlAsalani, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut,
ebanon, first edition, 11 A.
1. %usn Al-#uhadherah, uyuti, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 11 A.
1. %ilyat Al-Awlia, Abu a,eim (sfahani, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut,
ebanon, first edtion, 11 A.
1. Dhakahir Al-U"ba, uhibbuddin Tabari, Alahabah ibrary, eddah, Al
hariyah, AlTabe,ein ibrary, Cairo, first edition, 11 A.
1. Al-Durriat Al-Tahira, uhammad bin Ahmad Ansari, ai ulabi, researched
by ayed uhammad awad usseini alali, (slamic +ublications (nstitute,
om, (ran, 1 A.
'. Silk Al-Durar fi Ayan Al-&ar Al-Thani Ashar, uradi, Aluthanna ibrary,
a"hdad (ra.
'1. Sunan Abi Dawood, Abi Dawood, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon,
''. Al-Sunan Al-Kubra, ayhai, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, second
edition, 11 A.
'). Sunan Al-'esai, esai, with annotation by uyuti and ar"inal otes by indi,
ar Ala,refah, eirut, ebanon, third edition, 11 A.
'. Sharh Al-#awahib Al-$aduniyah, astalani, ar Ala,refah, eirut, ebanon,
94
11 A.
'. Al-Dhuafa Al-Kabir, #aili, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon.
'. Taba"at Al-%uffadh, uyuti, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, second
edition, 11 A.
'. Al-Taba"at Al-Kubra, (bn a,ad, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon,
second edition, 11 A.
'. Ghayat Al-'ehayah fi Taba"at Al-&ura, aari hafe,i, $hanji ibrary, "ypt,
1)1 A.
'. (aidh Al-&adir, #anawi, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 11 A.
). Al-Kashif, Dhahabi, ar AlFi*r, eirut, ebanon, first edition, 11 A.
)1. Al-Kafi, uhammad bin a,ub $ulayani, ar a,b, ar AlTa,aruf
+ublication,s, eirut, ebanon, third edition, 11 A.
)'. Al-Kamil, (bn Athir, ar AlFi*r, eirut, ebanon, 1).
)). Al-Kamil fi Dhuafa Al-)i*al, (bn Adi, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut,
ebanon, eirut, first edition, 11 A.
). Kitb Al-#a*ruhin, (bn ibban, ar Ala,refah, eirut, ebanon, 11' A.
). Kan!ul Ummal, uttai indi, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 11 A.
). $isan Al-Arab, (bn adhur Afrii, eirut, ebanon.
). Turathuna #aa!ine, Aalulbayt (A.! (nstitute for evivin" ((slamic! e"acy,
om, (ran.
). #a*ma Al-+awaed wa #anba Al-(awaed, aythami, ar AlFi*r, eirut,
ebanon, 11'.
). #ukhtasar Tarikh Dimash", (bn andhur, ar AlFi*r, yria, amascus, first
edition, 1 A.
. #erat Al-,enan, afe,ei, ar Al$otob Al(slamiyah, Cairo, "ypt, second
edition, 11).
1. Al-#ustadrak, *im ishaburi, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 111 A.
'. #usnad Ahmad bin %anbal, Ahmad b. anbal, ar (hya AlTurath AlArabi,
eirut, ebanon, third edition, 11 A.
). Al-#aaref, (bn utaibah, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 1 A.
. #arefat Al-Sahabah, Abu a,eim (sfahani, eirut, ebanon.
. Al-#uhni fi Al-Dhuafa, hahabi, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon,
. Al-#an"ib, (bn a"haali, ar AlAdhwa, eirut, ebanon, second edition,
1'1 A.
. #an $a -ahdhuruhu Al-(a"ih, hay*h adu, ar a,b, ar AlTa,aruf, eirut,
ebanon, 11 A.
. #i!an Al-.tidal, Dhahabi, a Al$otob Al(lmiyah, eirut, ebanon, first
edition, 11.
. asail Alhi,ah, hei*h urr Amili, ar (hya AlTurath AlArabi, eirut,
ebanon, fifth edition, 1) A.

A Critical Assessment of Umm Kulthum's Marriage To Umar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

A Critical Assessment of Umm Kulthum's Marriage To Umar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Islamic Truths Center

A Series of Theological Studies

You might also like