03 2359 03 P 3 004 Rev 3 Span Analysis Report

SPAN ANALYSIS REPORT
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION 3
1.1 PROJ ECT 3
1.2 OVERVIEW 4
1.3 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT 5
1.4 ABBREVIATIONS 5
1.5 CODES AND STANDARDS 6
2.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7
2.1 SUMMARY 7
2.2 CONCLUSIONS 7
2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS 8
3.0 DESIGN DATA 9
3.1 PIPELINE DATA 9
3.2 CORROSION COATING DATA 10
3.3 CONCRETE COATING DATA 10
3.4 MATERIAL DENSITIES 11
3.5 OPERATING PARAMETERS 11
3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA 12
3.7 DNV-RP-F105 FACTORS 14
3.8 ULS FACTORS 16
4.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY 17
4.1 GENERAL 17
4.2 SCREENING CRITERIA 17
4.3 ULS CRITERIA 17
4.4 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS 18
5.0 RESULTS 19
5.1 INSTALLATION CONDITION 19
5.2 HYDROTEST CONDITION 22
5.3 OPERATING CONDITION 23
6.0 REFERENCES 25

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 MATHCAD FREE SPAN ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS FOR 10-INCH
PRODUCTION PIPELINE
WATER INJECTION PIPELINE
GAS LIFT PIPELINE
GAS EXPORT PIPELINE
APPENDIX 5 LITERATURE REFERENCE FOR FIXED-PINNED BOUNDARY CONDITION
COEFFICIENTS


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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 PROJECT

The Te Giac Trang (TGT or White Rhinoceros) Field is located in the northern part of
Block 16-1, in the Cuu Long Basin (see Figure 1-1) some 100km southeast of Vung Tau,
20km northwest of the Bach Ho Field and 35km west of the Rang Dong Field.

Figure 1-1 TGT Field Location Map
To date, oil in the TGT field has been proven in 5 separate but geologically related
accumulations of thinly bedded reservoirs.

It is proposed to develop the TGT field with at least two wellhead platforms (WHPs) H1
and H4. As the TGT reservoirs are naturally pressured and the high degree of vertical
separation makes the wells prone to water break through, subsea production wells have
been ruled-out because of the requirement for regular well interventions (produced water
shut-offs, gas lift optimization, reservoir monitoring surveys, etc).


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1.2 OVERVIEW

The recommended development concept is shown in Figure 1-2.

Figure 1-2 TGT Recommended Development Concept Leased FPSO / H1 prior to H4
The main features of the concept are summarised below:

A 16 slot WHP located in water depth of 43.0m (LAT) over H1.1, H1.2, & H2 areas;
A 12 or 16 slot WHP located in water depth of 44.77m (LAT) and middle of the H4
and H3N area;
The WHPs are normally unattended installations with independent power and control
systems;
Each WHP will have a Production and a Test Manifold each connected to a multi-
phase flow meter to facilitate well testing and field production allocation;
Each WHP will be designed with a Helideck offset from the Well slots to allow
Helicopter operation coincident with well intervention work.
The development will be phased with the H1-WHP installed and commissioned at
least 12 months before the H4-WHP;
There will be no processing on the WHPs, i.e. full wellstreams transferred to the
CPF;
A Central Production Facility (CPF), based on an FPSO, will be situated 2km
southeast of H1-WHP, in a water depth of 43.4m (LAT);
Oil export by shuttle tanker;
Dry gas export via pipeline tie-in to PV Gas Pipeline.

Future development of prospects and discoveries to the North (e.g. HST) will be tied back
to pre-installed risers / tie-in facilities at the H1 and H4 WHPs. Possible developments
are HST to the North and Voi Trang, TGD and H5 to the South and West.
VT
CCP at Bach Ho Field
PLEM
1.8
H1-
H4-
6.9

SSIV
1 x 16 Multiphase pipeline
1 x 8 WI pipeline
1 x 6 GL pipeline
4 x 10 Multiphase pipelines
1 x 10 WI pipeline
1 x 8 GL pipeline
HST-
H5- WHP or
8 tie-in spool
12 PV GAS
EXPORT
PIPELINE
(25 km)
1 x 8 GE pipeline
TGT FPSO


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1.3 PURPOSE OF DOCUMENT

The purpose of this document is to present the results of the free span assessment
conducted for the following TGT pipeline systems:

4 x 10-inch production pipelines from H1-WHP to PLEM
10-inch water injection pipeline from PLEM to H1-WHP
8-inch gas lift pipeline from PLEM to H1-WHP
8-inch gas export pipeline from PLEM to SSIV

The free span assessment was performed in accordance with DNV-RP-F105, Free
Spanning Pipelines [Ref.1] and DNV-OS-F101, Submarine Pipeline Systems [Ref.2].

1.4 ABBREVIATIONS

The abbreviations used in the report are listed in below.

3LPE 3-Layer Polyethylene
API American Petroleum Institute
CF Crossflow
DNV Det Norske Veritas
FBE Fusion Bonded Epoxy
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
HDPF High Density Polyurethane Foam
IL Inline
J PK J P Kenny Sdn Bhd
KP Kilometre Post
LAT Lowest Astronomical Tide
NE North-East
OD Outer Diameter
PLEM Pipeline End Manifold
PU Polyurethane
PUF Polyurethane Foam
SMTS Specified Minimum Tensile Strength
SMYS Specified Minimum Yield Strength
SSIV Subsea Isolation Valve
SW South-West
TGT Te Giac Trang
ULS Ultimate Limit State
VIV Vortex Induced Vibrations
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WHP Well Head Platform
WD Water Depth
WT Wall Thickness

1.5 CODES AND STANDARDS

DNV-RP-F105 Free Spanning Pipelines
DNV-OS-F101 Submarine Pipeline Systems


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2.0 SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

2.1 SUMMARY

Free span analyses were carried out for the 10-inch production pipelines, 10-inch water
injection pipeline and 8-inch gas lift pipeline between H1-WHP and PLEM, and also 8-
inch gas export pipeline between PLEM and SSIV. The analyses were performed in
accordance with the requirements of DNV-RP-F105 [Ref.1] and DNV-OS-F101 [Ref.2] for
the following criteria:

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
ULS criterion considering both static and dynamic loading.

The free span assessments were performed for the following load conditions:

Installation (empty)
Installation (flooded)
Hydrotest
Operation

2.2 CONCLUSIONS

The maximum allowable free span lengths along the H1 to PLEM pipelines are given in
Table 2.1 to Table 2.4.
Table 2.1
Maximum Allowable Span Lengths for 10-inch Production Pipeline

Allowable Span Length (m)
KP (m)
As-Laid Flooded Hydrotest Operation
0 15.0 14.0 14.0 13.0
500 15.0 14.0 14.0 13.0
1000 15.0 14.0 14.0 13.0
1500 15.0 14.0 14.0 13.0

Table 2.2
Maximum Allowable Span Lengths for 10-inch WI Pipeline

KP (m)
0 14.0 14.0 14.0 13.0
500 14.0 14.0 14.0 13.0
1000 14.0 14.0 14.0 13.0
1500 14.0 14.0 14.0 13.0

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Table 2.3
Maximum Allowable Span Lengths for 8-inch GL Pipeline

KP (m)
0 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.0
500 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.0
1000 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.0
1500 11.0 11.0 11.0 10.0

Table 2.4
Maximum Allowable Span Lengths for 8-inch GE Pipeline

KP (m)
0 15.0 15.0 15.0 12.0
500 15.0 15.0 14.0 12.0

2.3 RECOMMENDATIONS

It is recommended that all free spans (if any) exceeding the maximum allowable span
lengths given in Tables 2.1 to 2.4 be assessed individually using local data to ensure
acceptability prior to span correction. If span correction is still required, then one of the
following methods may be used:

Grout bags
Mattresses
Rock dumping
Water jetting

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3.0 DESIGN DATA

Data presented in this section is used for the pipeline free span assessment and is
referenced from the Pipeline Design Basis [Ref.3], unless otherwise stated.

3.1 PIPELINE DATA

The pipeline dimensions used for the pipeline free span assessment analysis are
referenced from the Pipeline Wall Thickness Design Report [Ref.4] given in Table 3.1
below.
Table 3.1
Pipeline Dimensions

Pipeline OD (mm)

WT (mm)
10-inch Production 273.1 20.6
10-inch Water Injection 273.1 25.4
8-inch Gas Lift 219.1 15.9
8-inch Gas Export 219.1 15.9

The linepipe material properties used in the free span assessment are given in Table 3.2
below.
Table 3.2
Linepipe Material Properties [Ref.3]

10-inch
Production
10-inch Water
Injection
8-inch Gas
Lift
8-inch Gas
Export
Parameters

Zone 1 & 2 Zone 1 & 2 Zone 1 & 2 Zone 1 & 2
Nominal Outside Diameter (mm) 273.1 273.1 219.1 219.1
Pipe Grade API 5L X65
Pipe Fabrication Method Seamless
Carbon Steel SMYS (MPa) 450
(1)
Carbon Steel SMTS (MPa) 535
(1)
Youngs Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) 207 x 10
3

Poissons Ratio 0.3
Steel Density (kg/m
3
) 7850
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 11.7 x 10
-6
C
-1

Note: (1) Derated to the pipeline design temperature in the calculation sheet


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3.2 CORROSION COATING DATA

The corrosion coating thicknesses and densities used in the analysis are given in Table
3.3 below.
Table 3.3
Corrosion Coating Properties [Ref.7]

Parameters
10-inch
Production
10-inch Water
Injection
8-inch
Gas Lift
8-inch Gas
Export
Design Temperature
(C)
90 60
Coating Material FBE +PUF +HDPE 3LPE
Nominal Thickness
(mm)
0.7 +30.0 +5.0 2.5
Field J oint Cutback
Length (mm) [Ref.9]
350 325
Field J oint Infill
System [Ref.9]
Solid PU HDPF

3.3 CONCRETE COATING DATA

Table 3.4 below gives the concrete coating thickness for the TGT pipelines, referenced
from the On-Bottom Stability Design Report [Ref.5].

Table 3.4
Concrete Coating

Pipeline Wall Thickness (mm) Concrete Thickness (mm)
10-inch Production 20.6 80
10-inch Water Injection 25.4 40
8-inch Gas Lift 15.9 73
8-inch Gas Export 15.9 42


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3.4 MATERIAL DENSITIES

The material densities used in the analysis are given in Table 3.5 below.

Table 3.5
Material Densities [Ref.3]

Parameter Density (kgm
-3
)
Saturated Concrete Density 3040
FBE 1450
PUF/ HDPF 200
HDPE 944
3LPE 900
Solid PU 1150

3.5 OPERATING PARAMETERS

The operating parameters used for pipeline free span assessment are given in Table 3.6
below.
Table 3.6
Operating Parameters [Ref.3]

10-inch
Production
10-inch Water
Injection
8-inch Gas
Lift
8-inch Gas
Export
Parameters

Zone 1 & 2 Zone 1 & 2 Zone 1 & 2 Zone 1 & 2
Design Pressure (bar g) 238.0 299.2 238.0 100.0
Test Pressure (bar g) 273.7 344.08 273.7 115.0
Design Temperature
(C)
90 60 60 60
Operating Temperature
(C)
80 45 55
(1)
55
(1)
Corrosion Allowance
(mm)
3.5 8.0 1.5
1.5
Maximum Content
Density (kg/m
3
)
103 1025 325
325

Note: (1) Assumed based on same value used for H1-H4 6-inch Gas Lift Pipeline [Ref.10]

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3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL DATA

Seabed bathymetry data based on Final Survey Report Charts [Ref.6] for pipelines from
H1-WHP to PLEM is given in Figure 3.1. No survey data was available along the 8-inch
gas export pipeline from PLEM to SSIV.

Figure 3.1 Seabed Bathymetry Along Pipeline Route from H1-WHP to PLEM

The environmental data used in the analyses are referenced from Pipeline Design Basis
[Ref.3].

Table 3.7
Environmental Data

Parameters Value
Seawater Density (kg/m
3
) 1024
(1)
Minimum Ambient Temperature at Seabed (
o
C) 21.2
Highest Astronomical Tide (m) 2.82
Mean Sea Level (m) 1.87
Lowest Astronomical Tide (m) 0.00


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Parameters Value
100-Year Positive Storm Surge Level (m) 0.51
Marine Growth Thickness (from EL -40m to mudline) (mm) 40
Marine Growth Density (kg/m
3
) 1500

Note: (1) Used as content density for installation (flooded) and hydrotest load case.

Table 3.8
Water Depth

Site Water Depth (relative to LAT)
H1-WHP 43.0 m
FPSO 43.4 m
PLEM 43.5 m
SSIV 43.8 m

Wave and current data along the pipeline route are given in Tables 3.9 to 3.10.

Table 3.9
Directional Wave Data [Ref.3]

For Production, Water Injection & Gas Lift
Pipelines
Parameter
1-Year
Return
Period
10-Year
Return
Period
100-Year
Return
Period
Significant Wave Height (H
s
) 8.3 m 9.2 m 10.0 m
Spectral Peak Period (T
p
) 14.5 s 15.3 s 16.0 s
Mean Zero Up-Cross Period (T
u
) 9.7 s 10.2 s 10.6 s
Max. Wave Height (H
max
) 13.3 m 14.7 m 16.0 m
Associated Period (T
max
) 11.7 s 12.3 s 12.9 s


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For Gas Export Pipeline
Parameter
1-Year
Return
Period
10-Year
Return
Period
100-Year
Return
Period
Significant Wave Height (H
s
) 2.8 4.2 5.6
Spectral Peak Period (T
p
) 7.9 10.0 11.6
Mean Zero Up-Cross Period (T
u
) 5.8 7.0 8.0
Max. Wave Height (H
max
) 4.5 6.7 8.9
Associated Period (T
max
) 6.8 8.3 9.6

Table 3.10
Directional Current Data [Ref.3]

For Production, Water Injection & Gas Lift Pipelines
Return Period
Bottom Current Velocity Current Height
1-Year Return Period 0.99 ms
-1
3.0 m
-1
3.0 m
-1

3.0 m
Return Period For Gas Export Pipeline
1-Year Return Period 0.85 ms-1
3.0 m
10-Year Return Period 0.86 ms-1 3.0 m
100-Year Return Period 0.90 ms-1 3.0 m

3.7 DNV-RP-F105 FACTORS

Partial safety factors, damping ratios and soil stiffness coefficients used in the in-line
and cross-flow VIV analysis are referenced from DNV-RP-F105 [Ref.1] and presented in
Table 3.11.

3
3


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Table 3.11
DNV-RP-F105 Coefficients

Parameter Value
Safety Class,
sc
Low Normal High
Natural Frequency Safety Factor,
f
(1)
1.10 1.20 1.30
Stability Parameter Safety Factor,
k
1.00 1.15 1.30
Safety Factor for In-Line Screening Criteria,
IL

1.40
Safety Factor for Cross-Flow Screening
Criteria,
CF

1.40
Onset of In-Line VIV Safety Factor,
on-IL
1.10
Onset of Cross-Flow VIV Safety Factor,
on-CF
1.20
Structural Damping Ratio,
str
0.01
Soil Damping Ratio,
soil
0.01
Hydrodynamic Damping Ratio,
hy
0.00
Vertical Soil Stiffness Coefficient, C
v
10500
(2)
Lateral Soil Stiffness Coefficient, C
L
9000
(2)

Notes:
1) For pipeline free span that is not very well defined.
2) Properties for loose sand.

Table 3.12 below presents the coefficients for the boundary conditions.

Table 3.12
Boundary Condition Coefficients

Parameter Value
Boundary Condition Coeff. C1 2.45
Boundary Condition Coeff. C5 1/8


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Parameter Value
Boundary Condition Coeff. C6 2/384

3.8 ULS FACTORS

Table 3.13 below presents the ULS factors used in the free span assessment,
referenced from DNV-OS-F101 [Ref.2].

Table 3.13
ULS Factors

Parameter Value
Safety Class,
sc
Low Normal High
Resistance Factor,
RF
1.04 1.14 1.26
Material Strength Factor,
U
0.96
(1)
Fabrication Factor,
fab
1.00
Material Resistance Factor,
m
1.15
Functional Load Factor,
fb
1.10
Environmental Load Factor,
eb
1.30
Condition Load Effect Factor (Installation and
Operation),
c

1.07
Condition Load Effect Factor (Hydrotest),
c
1.00
Pipe Out-of-Roundness, f
o
1.5%
Note:
1) For installation and hydrotest, this value shall be equal to 1.00.


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4.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY

4.1 GENERAL

The installation (empty), flooded, hydrotest and operating conditions have been
considered whilst determining the maximum allowable free span lengths for the H1 to
PLEM pipelines. Calculations are based on the following criteria:

Screening criteria, in accordance with DNV-RP-F105 [Ref.1].
ULS criteria, in accordance with DNV-RP-F105 [Ref.1] and DNV-OS-F101 [Ref.2].

The details of the criteria stated above are presented in the sub-sections below.

4.2 SCREENING CRITERIA

The screening criteria proposed here applies to fatigue caused by vortex induced
vibrations (VIV) and direct environmental loads (current and wave), including pipeline self
weight. The VIV itself can be divided into two categories: in-line and cross-flow.

A pipeline exposed to an external fluid flow will shed vortices into its wake. These vortices
cause local pressure variations on the surface of the pipeline. The frequencies at which
these vortices are shed depend on the velocity of the flow and the pipe diameter. If the
shedding frequency approaches the natural frequency of the pipeline, a condition called
lock-in occurs. This is where the shedding frequency rapidly collapses to the natural
frequency of the pipe span. This resonant condition causes the pipe to oscillate, which
can rapidly accumulate fatigue damage in the pipeline.

The concept of reduced velocity, as described in DNV-RP-F105 [Ref.1], sets the criteria
for determination of the maximum span length to prevent the onset of both in-line and
cross-flow VIV.

4.3 ULS CRITERIA

The ULS criteria requires checks against local buckling in compliance with the combined
loading load control condition as specified in Section 5 D605 of DNV-OS-F101 [Ref.2].

The analysis uses a simplified beam fixed-pinned theory, which provides conservative
allowable span lengths to gain confidence in the results.

The spans are calculated by determining the maximum allowable design bending moment
as a function of pipe properties, and equating to an allowable span length based on the
static bending moment approximation of a single span (no interaction from adjacent
spans). The effective static span length is then converted to a visual span length for use
in pipeline surveys. The conversion is calculated in accordance with DNV-RP-F105
[Ref.1].


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4.4 DESIGN ASSUMPTIONS

The following assumptions were made in the free span assessment analysis:

The span end fixity is assumed to be Fixed-Pinned
For conservativeness, temperature profile for the pipeline is considered to be constant
throughout the design life.
For conservativeness, a residual tension of 0 kN is assumed.
Current reference height at 3m above seabed is assumed [Ref.5].
For production, water injection and gas lift pipelines, wave and current data used in
calculations are based on NE (from) and SW (to) directions, respectively, to cater for
the worst case environmental loading.
For the 8-inch gas export pipeline, both wave and current data are based on South
(from and to, respectively) direction.
Soil type is assumed as silty fine SAND in the calculations based on Ref.3 and results
presented in Geotechnical Investigation Report [Ref.8].
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5.0 RESULTS

The results of the pipeline free span assessment for the H1 to PLEM pipelines are given
in Tables 5.1 to 5.16.

The screening criteria were determined to ensure a fatigue life of 50 years by using 100-
yr current and 1-yr wave data (refer to Section 2.3.3 of DNV-RP-F105), therefore the
screening value is not applicable and the onset span length should be used as the
governing value instead, where applicable.

With the exception of 8-inch gas export pipeline, it should also be noted that for all other
cases, in-line VIV is not expected to occur (see results table in calculation sheets) as the
flow regime is wave dominant.

5.1 INSTALLATION CONDITION

Table 5.1 to Table 5.8 present the allowable free span lengths for the installation (empty)
and installation (flooded) load conditions.

Table 5.1
10-inch Production Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (As-Laid) Load Case

ONSET Span Limits
(m)
SCREENING Span
Limits (m)
KP (m)
Inline Crossflow Inline Crossflow
ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 14.15 15.03 14.11 14.12 16.89 CF VIV
500 14.17 15.04 14.12 14.13 16.91 CF VIV
1000 14.18 15.06 14.13 14.14 16.93 CF VIV
1500 14.19 15.07 14.15 14.15 16.96 CF VIV

Table 5.2
10-inch Production Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (Flooded Pipe) Load
Case

ONSET Span Limits
(m)
SCREENING Span
Limits (m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 14.23 14.87 14.18 13.97 16.68 CF VIV
500 14.24 14.89 14.20 13.98 16.70 CF VIV
1000 14.25 14.90 14.21 13.99 16.72 CF VIV
1500 14.27 14.91 14.23 14.01 16.74 CF VIV

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Table 5.3
10-inch WI Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (As-Laid) Load Case

ONSET Span Limits (m)
SCREENING Span Limits
(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 14.99 14.72 14.78 13.25 21.00 CF VIV
500 14.98 14.71 14.77 13.24 20.96 CF VIV
1000 14.96 14.69 14.75 13.23 20.92 CF VIV
1500 14.95 14.68 14.74 13.22 20.88 CF VIV

Table 5.4
10-inch WI Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (Flooded Pipe) Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 14.81 14.47 14.57 13.02 20.52 CF VIV
500 14.80 14.45 14.56 13.01 20.49 CF VIV
1000 14.78 14.44 14.54 13.00 20.45 CF VIV
1500 14.77 14.42 14.53 12.99 20.41 CF VIV

Table 5.5
8-inch GL Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (As-Laid) Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 11.26 11.69 11.30 10.99 13.71 CF VIV
500 11.25 11.68 11.29 10.98 13.69 CF VIV
1000 11.24 11.67 11.28 10.97 13.67 CF VIV
1500 11.23 11.66 11.27 10.96 13.65 CF VIV

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Table 5.6
8-inch GL Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (Flooded Pipe) Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 11.34 11.55 11.38 10.86 13.53 CF VIV
500 11.32 11.54 11.37 10.85 13.51 CF VIV
1000 11.31 11.53 11.36 10.84 13.49 CF VIV
1500 11.30 11.52 11.35 10.83 13.47 CF VIV

Table 5.7
8-inch GE Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (As-Laid Pipe) Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
0 15.22 16.17 17.76 16.77 32.18 IL VIV
500 15.23 16.19 17.77 16.78 32.20 IL VIV

Table 5.8
8-inch GE Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Installation (Flooded Pipe) Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
0 15.34 15.90 17.92 16.48 27.96 IL VIV
500 15.35 15.91 17.93 16.49 27.98 IL VIV

Note: (1) Refer to explanations in Section 5.0

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5.2 HYDROTEST CONDITION

Table 5.9 to Table 5.12 present the allowable free span lengths for the hydrotest load
condition.

Table 5.9
10-inch Production Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Hydrotest Load Case

ONSET Span Limits
(m)
SCREENING Span
Limits (m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 14.23 14.87 14.18 13.97 16.69 CF VIV
500 13.88 14.48 13.82 13.65 15.90 CF VIV
1000 13.90 14.49 13.84 13.66 15.91 CF VIV
1500 13.91 14.51 13.85 13.67 15.93 CF VIV

Table 5.10
10-inch WI Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Hydrotest Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 14.81 14.47 14.57 13.02 20.52 CF VIV
500 14.36 14.05 14.10 12.71 18.48 CF VIV
1000 14.35 14.03 14.09 12.70 18.45 CF VIV
1500 14.77 14.42 14.53 12.99 20.41 CF VIV

Table 5.11
8-inch GL Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Hydrotest Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 11.34 11.55 11.38 10.86 13.53 CF VIV
500 11.01 11.21 11.03 10.58 12.73 CF VIV
1000 11.00 11.20 11.02 10.57 12.71 CF VIV
1500 11.30 11.52 11.35 10.83 13.47 CF VIV

3


03-2359-03-P-3-004 Page 23 of 25 Rev 3

Table 5.12
8-inch GE Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Hydrotest Load Case

(m)
KP (m)

ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
0 15.34 15.90 17.92 16.48 29.23 IL VIV
500 14.98 15.47 17.26 16.00 22.32 IL VIV


5.3 OPERATING CONDITION

Table 5.13 to Table 5.16 present the allowable free span lengths for the operating load
condition.

Table 5.13
10-inch Production Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Operating Load Case

ONSET Span Limits
(m)
SCREENING Span
Limits (m)
KP (m)
ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 12.22 13.75 12.89 13.85 14.68 CF VIV
500 11.96 13.38 12.56 13.47 14.09 CF VIV
1000 12.58 13.48 12.72 13.09 13.50 CF VIV
1500 11.98 13.40 12.59 13.49 14.12 CF VIV

Table 5.14
10-inch WI Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Operating Load Case

ONSET Span Limits
(m)
(m)
KP (m)
ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 12.83 13.40 13.25 12.98 15.16 CF VIV
500 12.50 13.02 12.87 12.64 14.39 CF VIV
1000 13.63 13.56 13.52 12.63 14.38 CF VIV
1500 12.79 13.36 13.22 12.95 15.10 CF VIV

3


03-2359-03-P-3-004 Page 24 of 25 Rev 3

Table 5.15
8-inch GL Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Operating Load Case

(m)
KP (m)
ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
(1)

0 9.69 10.77 10.25 10.86 11.84 CF VIV
500 9.43 10.41 9.93 10.49 11.22 CF VIV
1000 10.17 10.80 10.32 10.48 11.21 CF VIV
1500 9.67 10.74 10.23 10.83 11.80 CF VIV

Table 5.16
8-inch GE Pipeline Allowable Span Length for Operating Load Case

(m)
KP (m)
ULS Span
Limits (m)
Governing
Criteria
0 12.68 14.23 16.40 16.84 17.84 IL VIV
500 12.22 13.58 15.36 15.76 15.90 IL VIV

3


03-2359-03-P-3-004 Page 25 of 25 Rev 3

6.0 REFERENCES

1. DNV-RP-F105, Free Spanning Pipelines, February 2006.
2. DNV-OS-F101, Submarine Pipeline Systems, October 2007.
3. TGT Field Development, Detailed Design of H1-PLEM Pipelines, Pipeline Design Basis,
Doc No. 03-2359-03-P-3-001.
4. TGT Field Development, Detailed Design of H1-PLEM Pipelines, Wall Thickness Design
Report, Doc No. 03-2359-03-P-3-003.
5. TGT Field Development, Detailed Design of H1-PLEM Pipelines, On-Bottom Stability
Design Report, Doc No. 03-2359-03-P-3-005.
6. Geophysical Pipeline Route Survey for The Proposed H1-WHP (Ori) - PLEM (Ori) and
Proposed H1-WHP (New) - PLEM (New), Report No. S2222/2009/03.
7. TGT Field Development, Detailed Design of H1-PLEM Pipelines, Corrosion Protection
Design Report, Doc No. 03-2359-03-P-3-010.
8. Offshore Geotechnical Investigation, H1WHPN PLEM Pipeline Route, Report No:
09015S-1 (Final report), dated 21
st
August 2009.
9. TGT Field Development, Detailed Design of H1-PLEM Pipelines, Pipeline Corrosion &
Weight Coating Drawing, Drawing No: 03-2359-03-P-0-007.
10. TGT Field Development, Detailed Design of H1-H4 Pipelines, Pipeline Design Basis, Doc
No. 03-2359-05-P-3-001.


03-2359-03-P-3-004 APPENDIX 1 Rev 3

APPENDIX 1

MATHCAD FREE SPAN ASSESSMENT WORKSHEETS
FOR 10-INCH PRODUCTION PIPELINE

J P KENNY
Project: TGT FIELD DEVELOPMENT By:...AFA....Date:...............
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"H1-WHP to PLEM Pipelines"
"As-Laid Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

This Mathcad sheet has been written in order to calculate in-line and cross flow vortex induced vibration onset and screening lengths of pipelines in accordance with DNV-RP-
F105 - Free Spanning Pipelines 2006 (Reference [1]). The sheet calculates the following span limits:
VIV onset
Fatigue screening
ULS criterion (according to Reference [2]) considering both static and dynamic loading
On-bottom wave and current velocities are calculated using methodology contained within both Reference [1] and Reference [2]. The sheet is set up to perform calculations on
an untrenched pipeline configuration. Screening data is always 1 year return period wave data, and 100 year return period current data.
Onset lengths can be based upon 1, 10 or 100 year data depending upon the loadcase under consideration. ULS check should consider 100 year current for operating
conditions, and 10 year for temporary conditions, it is a project decision whether maximum wave height and period should be used. Cyclonic conditions will require careful
evaluation of overall velocities and dissemination of these into suitable wave and current components.
Sheet performs calculations for the length of the pipeline route of the above for the as-laid, flooded, hydrotest and operating loadcases.
For VIV calculations, operating pressures and temperatures are used.
Hal f of any cor rosi on al l owance shoul d be considered - Guidance Note in Section 2.2.5 Reference [1]. NOTE THAT THIS MAY VARY ON A PROJECT BASIS.
Corrosion not considered for calculation of effective axial force [and hence frequencies, onset and screening lengths] but is included for stress calculations - Section 6.2.2
Reference [1].
For ULS criterion check, corrosion allowance is conservatively EXCLUDED when calculating pipeline loading, but INCLUDED when considering pipeline capacity.
For ULS criterion check, MAXIMUM wave height and associated period is considered for static loading. Dynamic loading uses SIGNIFICANT values. Design temperatures
and pressures are used.
Simplified soils damping criteria are used for this calculation
It is currently assumed that functional loading does not reduced the combined loading effect, refer to Note 1 of Table 4-4 Reference [2].
Sheet is set up for single, non-interacting spans only - interacting spans require FE Analysis to determine natural frequencies.
Sheet assumes pipe is ful l y r est rai ned. If this is not the case, an effective axial force may require to be manually input for the operational loadcase.
References
Det Norske Veritas, DNV-RP-F105 - Free Spanning Pipelines, 2006. 1.
Det Norske Veritas, DNV-OS-F101 - Submarine Pipeline Systems, 2007 [with amendments and corrections as of October 2008] 2.
Det Norske Veritas, DNV-RP-E305 - On-bottom Stability Design of Submarine Pipelines, 1988. 3.
Det Norske Veritas, DNV-GL-14 - Free Spanning Pipelines, 1998. 4.
Det Norske Veritas, DNV-RP-C205 - Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads April 2007 5.
TGT FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJ ECT DETAILED DESIGN
DNV RP-F105 Free Spanning Pipelines
GLM-10-inch Production Pipeline (AS-LAID) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
General Functions / Unit Definition
2.1 Pipeli ne Pr operties
Interval for calculations
KPStep 0.5km : =
2.1.1 Pipeli ne Mechani cal Properti es
pipe_inputs
Start KP End KP Steel OD
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.751 273.1 20.6 0 0 0 35.7 341 80 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
2.1.1 Seabed Propert ies 2.1.2 Safety Cl ass Defi nit ion
Seabed
KP From KP To Soil Type Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
0.00 1.751 Loose Sand 0 Fine sand 1.00E-05 0.35
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Soil Type Integer for
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
KP From KP To Safety Class
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.75 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
2.1.3 Axial Fricti on Coef fi cients
Soil Type: Table 7.3 - 7.4 Section 7.3.1 Page 35 Ref. [1]
Seabed Roughness: Table 3.1, Section 3.2.6 Page 19 Ref. [1] Axial
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.751 0.40
: =
White cells are protected, as they calculate the values required by the sheet based
on the selected drop down option.
Redefinition of dimension of user input vectors - Do not modify
2.2 Pipeli ne Mechani cal Properti es
Young's modulus of Steel E 207000MPa : = Turbulence Intensity I
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
: = Poisson's Ratio of Steel 0.30 : =
Percentage of Pipeline Diameter
used to Calculate Min. Span Gap
e
o
30 % : =
Field joint infill density
fj
1150 kg m
3 -
: =
Nominal pipe joint length L
pj
12 m : =
Residual Lay Tension H
eff
0 kN : =
Concrete cutback length FJ 350 mm : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
SMYS SMYS 450 MPa : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
SMTS SMTS 535 MPa : =
Young's Modulus of Concrete E
c
45600 MPa : = Operating Pressure P
oper
0 bar : =
Reference Elevation for Pressure elev 27.7 m : =
Linear Thermal Expansion coefficient
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
Hydrodynamic Damping Section 4.1.8
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
2.3 Operational Dat a
2.3.1 Water Dept h 2.3.2 Trench Dept h 2.3.3 Int ernal Pressure Profi les
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43
1.751 43.5
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.751 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.751 0.00 0.00
: =
2.3.4 Temperature Profi les 2.3.5 Densi ty Profi les 2.3.6 Empi rical KC Section 6.2.5 Page 30. Ref. [1]
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 0 0
1.751 0 0
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 0.0 0.0
1.751 0.0 0.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.751 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Effective Axial Force 2.3.7 Seawater Dat a 2.3.8 Manual Input - Eff ect ive Axial Force
Calculated (Fully Restrained)
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.751 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
Effective Axial Force -
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Equation to use for effective axial force
Thick Wall
Thin Wall Approximation (DNV OS F101)
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Temperature FOR INSTALLATION - thi s is used
i n order t o calcul at e the f ul ly restr ained axial force
Pipe Properties Data Processing (No User Input Required)
2.4 Code Dat a - Boundary Conditions, Safety Factors f rom DNV RP-F105
Pipe Roughness
Table 5.1 Section 5.4.4 Page 29 Ref. [1]
Span Definition
Table 2.3, Section 2.6.2 Page 18 Ref. [1]
Span Boundary Conditions
Steel, Painted
Steel, uncoated (not rusted)
Concrete
Marine Growth
Very Well Defined - survey data
Well Defined - FE analysis
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Single Span on the Seabed
Fixed-Pinned
Mode Shape Weighting Factor
1
1.3 : = Section 5.2.7 Page 28 Ref [1] Ratio between first and second
modes of crossflow vibration
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
VIV Safety Factor s Table 2.3 Section 2.6.2 Page 18 Ref [1]
Tabl e 2-3 Safety factor for natural frequenci es, f
Free span type Safety Class
Low Normal High
Very well def. 1 1 1
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
Not well def. 1.1 1.2 1.3
Screening Criteria Safety Factors Table 2.1, Section 2.6.1 Page 18
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Safety Factor s Table 2.2 Section 2.6.2, Page 18 Ref [1] Table 2.3 Section 2.6.2, Page 18 Ref [1]
Tabl e 2-2 General safety factors for fati gue
Safety Factor Safety Class
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
is also one for safety class low, i.e.
temporary loadcases. For operational spanning, they vary as above.
For screening,
f
is not required, and is set to one in the calculations
Select Appropriate Safety Factors Table 6.1 Section 6.7.8, Page 33 Ref [1]
Boundary condition coefficients
Fixed-pinned values for:
C1 and C2 taken from DNV GL14
C3 to C6 calibrated from literature and DNV GL14
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
2.5 Code Dat a - Safety Fact ors f rom DNV OS-F101
Material Fabrication Factor
fab
1 : = Table 5.7, Section 5 C307 Page 45 Ref [2] Functional Load Factor
fLC
1.1 : = Table 4.4, Section 4 G201 Page 39 Ref [2]
Material Resistance Factor
m
1.15 : = Table 5.4, Section 5 C205 Page 44 Ref [2] Environmental Load Factor
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
1.14 : = Table 5.5 Section 5 C206 Page 44 Ref [2] Condition Load factor
c
1.07 : = Table 4.5, Section 4, G203, Page 40 Ref [2]
Material Strength factor
U
1 : = Table 5.6 Section 5 C306 Page 45 Ref [2] Ovality f
o
1.5% : = Table 7.17 Section 4 G314 Page 83 Ref [2]
2.6 Environmental Dat a
Sheet will calculate VIV onset lengths and ULS lengths based on the worst of the following combinations:
10yr wave / 1yr current and 1yr wave / 10yr current for temporary cases.
100yr wave / 10yr current and 10yr wave / 100yr current for the operating case.
Should temporary cases extend beyond 6 months, then 10 year / 100 year data should be used.
Note that the screening case considers long term current (10 yr for temporary cases less than 6 months, 100 yr otherwise) with 1 year wave. It is therefore suggested that
all three tables are filled in, to ensure all required data is present. If they are not all available it is conservative to e.g. consider 10year return period data for the 1year input.
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
[km] [km] [m] [s] [m/s] [s] [] [m] [s] [m/s] [] [m/s] []
0 1.751 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
1 year 10 year 100 year
Hei ght at whi ch Vel oci ty Gi ven z
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
Data Processing (No User Input Required)
J P KENNY
3.0 INITIAL CALCULATIONS
Initial Calculations
3.1 Backgound Val ues for Cal cul ati ons
Guess value for span length L 5 m : = Translate distance used in functions to equivalent integer value KP x ( )
x
KPStep
: =
Integer for calculation points Two environmental conditions are considered. This integer is used
to store the values for the pair.
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
z KPStep : = Holds the vectors for operating (VIV) and design (ULS) values c 0 1 . . : =
3.2 Submerged Wei ght Calculat ion
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
x ( ) - : = Inside Diameter D
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
Steel Inner Diameter D
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
x ( ) + : = Concrete Diameter D
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
Concrete diameter is usedfor flowvelocitycalculations - velocities are calculated at the pipe
centreline, which will not be moved relativeto the seabed by the additionof marine growth.
Second Moment of area
Of Steel Of Concrete I
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
: = Weight of steel W
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
Internal Cross Section Area A
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
Weight of Contents W
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
Weight of Internal Coating
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Weight of Field J oint
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
Weight of Corrosion Coating
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
Weight of Concrete Coat
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoyancy per joint F
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
Weight of Marine Growth
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
(passed into a vector) Wsub x c , ( )
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Nominal Steel Wall Thickness
Internal Cladding Thickness
Corrosion Allowance
Anti-corrosion Coating Thickness
Concrete Coating Thickness
Marine Growth Thickness
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
Distance Along Pipeline (km)
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
Distance Along Pipe (km)
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.429 10
3
2.43 10
3
2.431 10
3
2.432 10
3
2.433 10
3
2.434 10
3
2.435 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
(OP) Submerged Weight
(ULS) Submerged Weight
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
3.3 Requir ed Val ues
Section 6.2.5 Page 30 Ref. [1]
Concrete Stiffness Enhancement Factor CSF x ( ) k
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
Critical Buckling Load P
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
Function for Effective Span Length Leff L K , x , ( ) L
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
: = Section 6.7.9 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Euler (Bar) buckling length limit Eulerlimit K x , Seff , ( ) 200 D
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
3.4 Effect ive Axial Force
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
T x c , ( ) max 0C T
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
Limiter to ensure no negative
temperature assumed for temporary
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
Return a vector for fully restrained
force along the line
Total Friction Strain Available
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
Total Friction Strain available
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
Effective axial force is the lesser
of friction force or full restraint force.
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
2 - 10
6
1.5 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
5 - 10
5
0
Fully Restrained Effective Axial Force
Left-Hand Friction Restraint
Right-Hand Friction Restraint
Actual Effective Axial Force
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
Total Water depth WDt x ( ) WD x ( ) T
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
Pipe Surface Roughness k
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
4.0 SIMPLIFIED METHOD FOR PARTICLE VELOCITY CALCULATION
Wave Induced Velocities - Heights and Periods
4.1 Wave Induced Vel ocity Cal cul ations - Section 3.3
Coll apse t his sect ion if near-bott om velocit ies are input di rectl y. It i s not requi red, nor are the resul ts used.
Angular Spectral Peak Frequency
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
: = J ONSWAP peak enhancement factor
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
: = Section 3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]
Peak Enhancement Factor Hs Tp , ( ) if
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

Generalised Phillips' Constant
p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
1 0.287 ln Hs Tp , ( ) ( ) - ( ) : = Section 3.3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]
Spectral Width Parameter sigma Tp , ( ) if
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
Frequency Transfer Function G x , ( )
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
Spectral Density Function Section 3.3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
Wave induced velocity spectrum S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S
Hs , Tp , ( ) : = Section 3.3.5 Page 20 Ref. [1]

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Significant Flow Velocity at
Pipe Centreline
Us Hs Tp , x , ( ) 2 M0 Hs Tp , x , ( ) : = Section 3.3.6 Page 21 Ref. [1]
Zero Up Crossing Period Tu Hs Tp , x , ( ) 2
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
Wave energy spreading function k
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
Wave directionality and spreading
reduction factor for each wave direction
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1 Year significant wave velocity Uw
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
1 Year zero up-crossing period T
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
4.2 Short t er m wave condi tions - Linear Wave Theory
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
Wave Number k Tmax x , ( )
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
Maximum Wave Induced Water Particle
Velocity - calculated at the top of pipe.
Uwmax Hmax Tmax , x , ( ) 0m s
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
cosh k Tmax x , ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
on error : = Table 3-1 Section 3.5.2.6, Page 32 Ref. [5]
1 Year maximum wave velocity Uw
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
Wave - Induced Velocities - Input at Given Reference Height
4.3 Wave-Induced Vel oci ty Directi onal Calculation
Coll apse t his sect ion if wave height s and peri ods are input . It i s not requi red, and nor are the resul ts used.
Significant Wave Velocity Maximum Wave Velocity
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
Significant Wave Velocity Zero Up-Crossing Period
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
z KPStep ( ) otherwise
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
Maximum Wave Velocity
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
4.4 Current Vel ocit y Directi onal Calculat ion
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
: = Section 3.4.1 Page 21
Ref. [1]
For current in the i nner zone, assuming logarit hmi c profi le - ref er to Sect ion 3.2.6 Page 19 Ref. [1]
Average current velocity across the pipe assuming a total pipe diameterD
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
ln zed x ( ) ( ) ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
Uc Uc_1 z KPStep ( )
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
5.1 Def init ion of Dynami c and St ati c Soil Sti ff nesses
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Tabl e 7-5 and Tabl e 7-6 Dynami c sti ffness factor and stati c sti ffness
for pi pe-soi l i nteracti on i n sand and cl ay.
Soil Type
Crossflow added mass coefficient
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
Vrxf ( ) linterp Coeff
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
5.2 Modal Dampi ng Rat ios NB Simplified soils damping criteria is used for this calculation
Create correct soil type reference integer soil x ( ) if Soil x ( ) 2 s Soil x ( ) , if Soil x ( ) 4 s 3 , if 4 Soil x ( ) < 6 s 4 , if 6 Soil x ( ) < 8 s 5 , "error" , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
L/D Ratio - to reduce size
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
Tabl e 7-3 Modal soi l dampi ng rati os (i n %) for sand.
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Horizontal (in-line)
direction
Vertical (cross-flow)
direction
Type
Tabl e 7-4 Modal soi l dampi ng rati os (i n %) for cl ay.
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
The values given in Table 7-3 and Table 7-4 above are interpolated below to give accurate soil damping values
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Total damping ratios Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
6.0 ONSET SPAN LENGTHS
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
6.1 Onset Reduced Veloci ti es
Current flow ratio - Section 4.1.7
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: = Operating Screening
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
Screening Current : wave ratio Guidance Note, Section 2.3.1, Page 15 Ref. [1]
Screening Current Uc
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
Temporary Onset Operating Onset
Check both 10yr wave / 1yr current and 1yr wave / 10yr current Check both 100yr wave / 10yr current and 10yr wave / 100yr current
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
Selection of correct wave and current velocities, along with current:wave ratio.
J P KENNY
Wave induced velocities Current velocities Current : wave ratio
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
1 year / 10 year data if
duration less than 6 months
10 year / 100 year data if duration
longer than 6 months
Section 6.9.1 Page 34
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
: = Inline Added Mass Coefficient
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
6.2 Reduced Veloci ti es
Inline Stability Parameter Cross-Flow Onset Vibration Reduced Velocity
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
In-line Onset Vibration Reduced Velocity
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
1.25 dtrench x ( ) e
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
dtrench x ( ) 0m > if
dD 0 dtrench x ( ) 0m s if
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
Crossflow Stability Parameter Section 4.1.8 Page 23 Ref. [1]
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Modified Soil Stiffnesses
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
6.3 Inli ne Vi brati on Onset Span Lengths
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
The frequency is a function of the loadcase (represented by x), the span length (L) and the environmental conditions (y). Static deflection ignored for inline direction.
Inline Structural Frequency Section 6.7.2 Page 32 Ref. [1] Inline Onset Frequency Section 4.1.5 Page 23 Ref. [1]
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
At the onset of VIV the two frequencies are equal. The other boolean expressions assist in making the calculation robust.
Given Im L ( ) 0 = L 0m > L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
< IL1 L X , ( ) IL2 L X , Y , ( ) = LILon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
Find the minimum span length from the two environmental conditions for each loadcase.
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
Lil2 LILon Lil z KPStep , y , ( ) return
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Due to the nature of the equations specified by DNV, a solution is not always attainable. The Find command may not therefore always return a solution.
Represent above results in graphical form
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
6.4 Crossf low Vibration Onset Span Lengths
Deflection Load per unit length, taken as weight per unit length q
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
: = Section 6.7.2 and Section 6.7.7 Page 32-33 Ref. [1]
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Crossflow Onset Frequency Section 4.1.5 Page 23 Ref. [1]
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
Given L 0m > CF1 L X , ( ) CF2
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
Solve to find onset length
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
LCFon Lcf z KPStep , y , ( ) return
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Compare Frequency calculation for effective span length and actual span length Section 2.3.3 Page 15 Ref. [1]
Range of Applicability Table 1.1
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
Im L ( ) 0 = ILscr L X , ( ) IL1 L X , ( ) = 0m L
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
Lilsc L X , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
Lilsc Lil z KPStep , ( ) return
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
Crossflow screening requirement CFscr
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 = Lxfsc L X , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
Lxfsc Lcf z KPStep , ( ) return
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
8.0 SIMPLIFIED ULS CRITERION CHECK
ULS Span Lengths
8.1 Current Conditions
Dynamic stress calculations consider significant wave height and zero up-crossing period. Static (or instantaneous) stresses, are found using maximum wave velocities and
associated periods. Code requirement is that the worse of 100yr wave / 1yr current or 1yr wave / 100yr current is considered for the operating case (Section 2.5.5).
100 year return period can be reduced to 10 year if duration of loadcase is less than 6 months.
Currents Significant Wave velocity Significant Wave Heading
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) y 1 = if
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Spectral Peak Periods Wave Heading
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Single Wave Associated Period
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
Combined Current Velocity Utot
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
Flow Regime Velocity ratio
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Limiting span for which
results can be found
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
x ( ) Eulerlimit KvSTAT x ( ) x , S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Unit Diameter Stress Amplitude
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
8.2 Cross Flow Response Model Secti on 4.4.4 RP F105
Simplify Formulae me
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Reconstructi ng Fi gure 4-4 Sect ion 4.4.3 Page 25 Ref. [ 1] Plateaux definition
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
CFULS L z KPStep , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Vector representing five 'points'
of Figure 4.4 Page 25 Ref. [1]
Translate the function into a matrix Ay
CF1
z y ,
AyCF1 z KPStep y , ( ) : =
Obtain a point along the 'curve' on
Figure 4-4 Page 25 Ref. [1] for each
wave/current velocity
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
8.3 Inli ne Response Model Sect ion 4.3.5 Page 24 Ref . [1]
Correction for unsteadiness of flow Section 5.4.5 Page 29 Ref. [1] Correction for proximity to fixed boundary
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6 0.15 + otherwise
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Correction for trenching effects Section 5.4.7
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Correction for crossflow vibrations Section 5.4.8
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
Page 29 Ref. [1] Basic coefficient for steady flow
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
Total drag coefficient Section 5.4.3 Page 29 Ref. [1]
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Translate the function into a matrix
Structural frequency, Section 5.4.3
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
Design Reduced Velocity,
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Reduction Factor, Section 4.3.7
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
Reconstructi ng Fi gure 4-2 Page 25 Ref. [ 1]
Reduction Factors - 0 R
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
Normalised VIV amplitudes
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
Cut-off Velocities V
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Vector representing four
'points' of Figure 4.2
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Obtain a 'curve' on Figure 4-2 Page 25 Ref. [1] for each wave/current velocity
AyOD L x , y , ( ) max 0 linterp A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
8.4 Stress Calculat ions
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
Maximum inline unit diameter stress amplitude S
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
Maximum crossflow unit diameter stress amplitude S
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
8.4.1 Inerti a Force Coeff icients
Basic Inertia Coefficient for
free concrete coated pipe
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
Correction for Pipe Roughness
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : = Correction for Trench
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Correction for Seabed Proximity Section 5.4.13 Page 30 Ref. [1]
Total Coefficient of Inertia Section 5.4.9 Page 30 Ref. [1]
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
Translate the function into a matrix C
M
z y ,
CM z KPStep y , ( ) : =
8.4.2 Peak Combi ned Drag and Inerti a Loadi ng Thi s cal cul at es the stat ic l oad, and theref ore consi ders t he maximum wave and associ at ed peri od.
Horizontal Acceleration Amplitude Awave z y , ( )
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Induced Velocity wrt
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
cos ( ) : = Wave Induced Acceleration wrt
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
Drag Force wrt Wave Phase Angle F
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
Inertia Force wrt Wave Phase Angle FM z y , , ( )

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
Horizontal Force (Drag +Inertia)
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
The maximum horizontal hydrodynamic
force occurs when the first derivative is
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
0deg 2deg , 90deg . . e for
max fh ( ) return
: =
Static Span effective Length Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) : =
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
Dynamic Inline Bending Stress
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
Dynamic Crossflow Bending Stress
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
8.4.3 Peak Combi ned Drag and Inerti a Loadi ng
Calculates t he st ati c load, and theref ore consi ders t he maximum wave and associ at ed peri od.
Static, Functional [Vertical] Bending
Moment due to Submerged Weight
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
Environmental [Horizontal] Bending
Moment due to in-line VIV
Section 2.5.7 / Section 2.5.8 Page 17 Ref. [1]
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
Environmental [Vertical] Bending Moment
due to cross-flow VIV M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
8.5 Preli minary Load-Contr ol led Combi ned Loadi ng Check Calculat ions
Operating Temperature for Stress De-Rating (Valid for T
oper
<200
o
C)
Yield strength temperature de-rating Taken from Section 5, B604 if no other information exists.
Yield Stress Temperature De-rating f
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
Tensile Stress Temperature De-rating f
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
Characteristic Yield Strength f
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
: = Equation 5.5 Section 5 C302 - Page 44 Ref. [2]
Characteristic Tensile Strength f
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : = Equation 4.5 Section 4 G201 - Page 39 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Design differential overpressure Design effective axial force S
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
: = Equation 4.7 Section 4 G201 - Page 39 Ref. [2]
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
Characteristic plastic
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
x ( ) : = Equation 5.21 Section 5 D605 - Page 48 Ref. [2]
Characteristic plastic axial
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
: = Equation 5.9 Section 5 D202 - Page 38 Ref. [2]
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
Plastic Collapse Pressure p
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
8.6 Internal Overpressure
Equation 5.24 - Section 5 D605
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Flow stress parameter Account for effect of D/t ratio
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Equation 5.19(a) - Section 5 D607
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
Internal Overpressure
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.7 External Overpressure
pc 1barg : =
Elastic Collapse Pressure Equation 5.10 - Section 5 D401
Page 46 Ref. [2] Characteristic Collapse Pressure
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
Equation 5.28(a) - Section
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
external overpressure
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
Select internal or external overpressure UC L x , y , ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
and associated moment M
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
Solve to find Given Im Lu ( ) 0 = UC Lu X , Y , ( ) 1 = Lu 1m > M
func
Lu X , ( ) 0 > LlimULS Lu X , Y , ( ) Find Lu ( ) : =
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls LlimULS LU z KPStep , y , ( )
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
14
16
18
20
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
9.0 VALIDITY CHECKS / RESULT PROCESSING
Validity Checks / Result Collation / Data Saving
9.1 Validi ty Checks
Maximum length for response model validity MaxmODL x ( ) 140 D
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Crossflow deflection
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Max allowable deflection
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Check that Euler buckling is not influencing EulerIL x z , ( ) "" if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
0.5 - > "" , "Influenced by Euler limit" ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
EulerCF x z , ( ) "" if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
Bar buckling influence
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = eulcfs x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
Model length validity limit
on onset spans
mlilo x z , ( ) if L
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: = mlcfo x z , ( ) if L
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
mlils x z , ( ) if L
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: = mlcfs x z , ( ) if L
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
If current flow ratio less than
0.5 inline VIV can be ignored
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
0.5 < "a <0.5 - IL VIV may be ignored" , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
If D/t >45, Load Controlled Check not Valid
Determine which combination of environmental loading has been used bb z ( ) 0 L
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
Include in results table
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
45 < "OK" , "Invalid D/t ratio" ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
"" = "OK" , concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
"" = "OK" , concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) "" = "OK" , concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
Create large matrix to pass to output table
results augment KP L
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
, lilscr , lcfscr , L
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
Location for Detailed Span results location 1km : =
Extract Data for Desired Location
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
stack "NA" "NA" , "NA" , "NA" , L
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -
, CSF loc KPStep ( ) , V

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
loc KPStep 0 , ( ) ,
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep , bb loc ( ) ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
0 = SaveBC BC 1 , ( ) 3 = SaveSEFF Seff
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
SaveSteelRough SteelRough 1 , ( ) 2 = SaveSpan_Def Span_Def 1 , ( ) 2 =
SaveWall Wall 1 , ( ) 1 =
10.1 Tabulat ed Span Lengths
ONSET Span Li mi ts Onset Resul ts Check SCREENING Span Li mi ts Screeni ng Resul ts Check
Inl i ne Crossfl ow Inl i ne Crossfl ow Inl i ne Crossfl ow Inl i ne Crossfl ow
0 14.15 15.03
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
may be i gnor ed OK 14.11 14.12
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
may be i gnor ed OK 16.89 OK
500 14.17 15.04
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 14.18 15.06
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 14.19 15.07
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
Results_Table "Updated Successfully" =
J P KENNY
10.2 Chart ed Span Lengths
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
Inline VIV Onset Span Lengths
Crossflow VIV Onset Span Lengths
Inline Screening Span Lengths
Crossflow Screening Span Lengths
ULS Span Lengths
Summary of Allowable Spans Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
10.3 Velocit ies - Onset
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Onset Steady Current Velocity
Onset Wave Induced Velocity
Inline Onset [Reduced] Velocity
Crossflow Onset [Reduced] Velocity
ULS Steady current Velocity
ULS MaximumWave Velocity
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
10.4 Det ail ed Resul ts at Specif ied Locat ion
Project: Project: As-Laid Case
MaximumAllowable Span Length at Location Specified Symbol Units Loadcase
VIV ULS
Inline Onset Allowable Span Length LILon m 14.18 NA
Crossflow Onset Allowable Span Length LCFon m 15.06 NA
Inline Screening Allowable Span Length LILscr m 14.13 NA
Crossflow Screening Allowable Span Length LCFscr m 14.14 NA
ULS Allowable Span Length LULS m NA 16.93
Symbol Unit Value Symbol Unit Value
Effective Axial Force Seffop kN 0.00 Mf kN.m 102.59
Onset Steady Current Velocity Uc m/s 0.83 Me kN.m 411.22
Onset Wave Induced Velocity Uw m/s 1.32 Md kN.m 493.37
Onset current flow ratio aa -- 0.39 SeffULS kN 0.00
Submerged Weight Wsub kN/m 2.43 Uc m/s 0.83
Concrete Stiffness Factor CSF - 0.73 Uw m/s 2.03
Inline Onset [Reduced] Velocity VRILon m/s 1.65 m 54.62
Crossflow Onset [Reduced] Velocity VRCFon m/s 2.19 CD - 1.455
Crossflow Onset Deflection CF m 0.01 Cm - 1.99
Allowable Deflection max m 1.26 Wsub kN/m 2.43
Inline Soil Stiffness KL MPa 15.60 deltaP bar -4.67
Crossflow Soil Stiffness KV MPa 20.74
VIV Onset Allowabe Spans ULSSpans
Euler Buckling Limit
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
Effective Axial Force
Steady Current Velocity
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
H1-WHP to PLEM Pipelines
Functional moment
Environmental moment
Design moment
Detailed_Results "Updated Successfully" =
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Flooded Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-10-inch Production Pipeline (FLOODED) - GSW 1006 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.751 273.1 20.6 0 0 0 35.7 341 80 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.75 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.751 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
1150 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
c
oper
0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43
1.751 43.5
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.751 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.751 0.00 0.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
1.751 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
1.751 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.751 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.751 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.852 10
3
2.854 10
3
2.856 10
3
2.858 10
3
2.86 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
3 - 10
6
2 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
14
16
18
20
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 14.23 14.87
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 14.24 14.89
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 14.25 14.90
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 14.27 14.91
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
Project: Project: Flooded Case
VIV ULS
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Hydrotest Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-10-inch Production Pipeline (HYDROTEST) - GSW 1006 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.751 273.1 20.6 0 0 0 35.7 341 80 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.75 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.751 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
1150 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
273.7 bar : =
c
oper
273.7 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43
1.751 43.5
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.751 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 273.70 273.70
1.751 273.70 273.70
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
1.751 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
1.751 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.751 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.751 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
273.4
273.6
273.8
274
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.852 10
3
2.854 10
3
2.856 10
3
2.858 10
3
2.86 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
3 - 10
6
2 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
14
16
18
20
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 14.23 14.87
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 13.88 14.48
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 13.90 14.49
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 13.91 14.51
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
Project: Project: Hydrotest Case
VIV ULS
Effective Axial Force Seffop kN -462.41 Mf kN.m 113.83
Onset current flow ratio aa -- 0.39 SeffULS kN -462.41
Inline Soil Stiffness KL MPa 16.81 deltaP bar 269.03
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Operation Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-10-inch Production Pipeline (OPERATION) - GSW 1006 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.751 273.1 20.6 0 0 3.5 35.7 341 80 3040 40 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.50 High 2.00
0.50 1.25 Medium 1.00
1.25 1.75 High 2.00
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.751 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
1150 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.33 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
238.0 bar : =
c
oper
238.0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43
1.751 43.5
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.751 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 238.00 238.00
1.751 238.00 238.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 80 90
1.751 73 90
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 53.0 53.0
1.751 53.0 53.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.751 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.751 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
0.96 : = Table 5.6 Section 5 C306 Page 45 Ref [2] Ovality f
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
237.7
237.8
237.9
238
238.1
238.2
238.3
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
20
40
60
80
100
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.77 10
3
2.772 10
3
2.774 10
3
2.776 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
3 - 10
6
2 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
12
14
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 12.22 13.76
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 11.96 13.39
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 12.58 13.49
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 11.98 13.41
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
Project: Project: Operation Case
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Operation Case"
|
\
|
|
:=

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Half of any corrosion allowance should be considered - Guidance Note in Section 2.2.5 Reference [1]. NOTE THAT THIS MAY VARY ON A PROJECT BASIS.
Reference [1].
Sheet assumes pipe is fully restrained. If this is not the case, an effective axial force may require to be manually input for the operational loadcase.
References
TGT FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DETAILED DESIGN
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
2.1 Pipeline Properties
KPStep 0.5km :=
2.1.1 Pipeline Mechanical Properties
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
i nt
(mm) p
i nt
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.751 273.1 20.6 0 0 3.5 35.7 341 80 3040 40 1500
Pipe
Section
:=
2.1.1 Seabed Properties 2.1.2 Safety Class Definition
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Soil Type Integer f or
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
:= Safety
KP From KP To Saf ety Class
Integer f or
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.50 High 2.00
0.50 1.25 Medium 1.00
1.25 1.75 High 2.00
#N/A
:=
J P KENNY
2.1.3 Axial Friction Coefficients
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coef f icient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.751 0.40
:=
2.2 Pipeline Mechanical Properties
Young's modulus of Steel E 207000MPa := Turbulence Intensity I
c
5 % := Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3
:= Poisson's Ratio of Steel 0.30 :=
e
o
30 % :=
fj
1150 kg m
3
:=
pj
12 m :=
eff
0 kN :=
Concrete cutback length FJ 350 mm :=
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.33 m :=
SMYS SMYS 450 MPa :=
Design Pressure P
des
238.0 bar :=
SMTS SMTS 535 MPa :=
c
45600 MPa := Operating Pressure P
oper
238.0 bar :=
Reference Elevation for Pressure elev 27.7 m :=
e
11.7 10
6
C
1
:=
Structural Damping
str
0.01 := Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 := Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
2.3 Operational Data
2.3.1 Water Depth 2.3.2 Trench Depth 2.3.3 Internal Pressure Profiles
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43
1.751 43.5
:= trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.751 0.00
:= OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 238.00 238.00
1.751 238.00 238.00
:=
2.3.4 Temperature Profiles 2.3.5 Density Profiles 2.3.6 Empirical KC Section 6.2.5 Page 30. Ref. [1]
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 80 90
1.751 73 90
:= Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 103.0 103.0
1.751 103.0 103.0
:= Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.751 0.25
:=
J P KENNY
Effective Axial Force 2.3.7 Seawater Data 2.3.8 Manual Input - Effective Axial Force
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.751 21.2 1024
:= Seffman
KP
Ef f ective Axial Force -
OPERATING
Ef f ective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
:=
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Temperature FOR INSTALLATION - this is used
in order to calculate the fully restrained axial force
2.4 Code Data - Boundary Conditions, Safety Factors from DNV RP-F105
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned

1
1.3 :=
Section 5.2.7 Page 28 Ref [1] Ratio between first and second
fn
12
2.7 :=
Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
VIV Safety Factors Table 2.3 Section 2.6.2 Page 18 Ref [1]
Table 2-3 Safety factor for natural frequencies, f
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 :=
CF
1.4 :=
J P KENNY
Safety Factors Table 2.2 Section 2.6.2, Page 18 Ref [1] Table 2.3 Section 2.6.2, Page 18 Ref [1]
Table 2-2 General safety factors for fatigue
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
:=
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
:=
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:= C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:= C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:=
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
2
6
(
(
1
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
C
1
C1
BC
:= C
2
C2
BC
:= C
3
C3
BC
:= C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
:=
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
:=
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
:=
C
6
5.208333 10
3
=
J P KENNY
2.5 Code Data - Safety Factors from DNV OS-F101

fab
1 :=
Table 5.7, Section 5 C307 Page 45 Ref [2] Functional Load Factor

fLC
1.1 :=
Table 4.4, Section 4 G201 Page 39 Ref [2]

m
1.15 :=
Table 5.4, Section 5 C205 Page 44 Ref [2] Environmental Load Factor

E
1.3 :=
Safety Class Factor

SC
1.26 :=
Table 5.5 Section 5 C206 Page 44 Ref [2] Condition Load factor

c
1.07 :=
Table 4.5, Section 4, G203, Page 40 Ref [2]

U
0.96 :=
Table 5.6 Section 5 C306 Page 45 Ref [2] Ovality
f
o
1.5% :=
Table 7.17 Section 4 G314 Page 83 Ref [2]
2.6 Environmental Data
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
:=
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
:=
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.751 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
:=
current_data
Height at which Velocity Given z
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
:=
J P KENNY
3.1 Backgound Values for Calculations
Guess value for span length
L 5 m :=
Translate distance used in functions to equivalent integer value
KP x ( )
x
KPStep
:=
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
.. := y 0 1 .. :=
kp
z
z KPStep :=
Holds the vectors for operating (VIV) and design (ULS) values
c 0 1 .. :=
3.2 Submerged Weight Calculation
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
x ( ) :=
Inside Diameter
D
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
:=
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter
D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + :=
Steel Inner Diameter
D
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
x ( ) + :=
Concrete Diameter
D
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
:=
Concrete diameter is used for flow velocity calculations - velocities are calculated at the pipe
centreline, which will not be moved relative to the seabed by the addition of marine growth.
Of Steel Of Concrete
I
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( )
( )
4
64
:=
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
64
:=
Area of steel
A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
|
\
|
:=
Weight of steel
W
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
:=
J P KENNY
Internal Cross Section Area
A
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
:=
Weight of Contents
W
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
:=
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
|
\
|

int
x ( ) g L
pj
:=
Weight of Field Joint
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2

fj
g 2 FJ :=
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
:=
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g :=
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ
( )
:=
Buoyancy per joint
F
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
:=
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
|
\
|

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
:=
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) :=
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
(passed into a vector)
Wsub x c , ( )
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( )
L
pj
:=
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) :=
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5
43.4
43.3
43.2
43.1
43
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
237.7
237.8
237.9
238
238.1
238.2
238.3
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
20
40
60
80
100
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.79 10
3
2.792 10
3
2.794 10
3
2.796 10
3
2.798 10
3
43.5
43.4
43.3
43.2
43.1
43
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
3.3 Required Values
Concrete Stiffness Enhancement Factor
CSF x ( ) k
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
0.75
:=
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + :=
Critical Buckling Load
P
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
:=
Function for Effective Span Length
Leff L K , x , ( ) L
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) if
4.73
0.066
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 if
:=
Euler (Bar) buckling length limit
Eulerlimit K x , Seff , ( ) 200 D
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
:=
J P KENNY
3.4 Effective Axial Force
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) :=
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2

e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1
|
\
|
|
|
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
:=
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) :=
from Left Hand End
lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|

lH
z 1 c ,
+ , 0 ,
:=
from right hand end

rH
c

fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
1 , 0 .. for :=
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,

rH
z c ,
, S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
:=
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
3 10
6
2 10
6
1 10
6
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
rH
z 0 ,
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
Total Water depth
WDt x ( ) WD x ( ) T
surge
+ :=
External Pressure
P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) :=
Pipe Surface Roughness
k
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
:=
J P KENNY
4.1 Wave Induced Velocity Calculations - Section 3.3
Collapse this section if near-bottom velocities are input directly. It is not required, nor are the results used.

p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
:=
JONSWAP peak enhancement factor

unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
:=
Section 3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]
Peak Enhancement Factor
Hs Tp , ( ) if
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
(
(
:=
p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
1 0.287 ln Hs Tp , ( ) ( ) ( ) :=
Spectral Width Parameter
sigma Tp , ( ) if
p
Tp ( ) 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
:=
Wave Number
k 1 m
1
:= k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) k ,
|
\
|
|
:=
Frequency Transfer Function
G x , ( )
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
:=
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5
e
5
4
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
4
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5

p
Tp ( )
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
:=
Wave induced velocity spectrum
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S
Hs , Tp , ( ) :=
J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1
s
1
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
d := M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1
s
1
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
d :=
Pipe Centreline
Us Hs Tp , x , ( ) 2 M0 Hs Tp , x , ( ) :=
Zero Up Crossing Period
Tu Hs Tp , x , ( ) 2
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
:=
Wave energy spreading function
k
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
:= w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
:=
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
w s , ( ) sin
w

( )
2
(
(
(
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 .. for
:=
1 Year significant wave velocity
Uw
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
1 Year zero up-crossing period
T
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
J P KENNY
T
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
T
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
4.2 Short term wave conditions - Linear Wave Theory
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
\
|
|
1
2
Tmax , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
:=
Wave Number
k Tmax x , ( )
2
Tmax x , ( )
:=
Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
on error :=
Table 3-1 Section 3.5.2.6, Page 32 Ref. [5]
1 Year maximum wave velocity
Uw
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
J P KENNY
4.3 Wave-Induced Velocity Directional Calculation
Collapse this section if wave heights and periods are input. It is not required, and nor are the results used.
1 Year
Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) := Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) :=
10 Year
Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) := Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) :=
100 Year
Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) := Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) :=
1 Year
U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
:= T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
:=
10 Year
U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
:= T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
:=
100 Year
U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
:= T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
:=
1 Year
U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
:=
10 Year
U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
:=
100 Year
U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
:=
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
4.4 Current Velocity Directional Calculation
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
:= Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
:= Section 3.4.1 Page 21
Ref. [1]
For current in the inner zone, assuming logarithmic profile - refer to Section 3.2.6 Page 19 Ref. [1]
Average current velocity across the pipe assuming a total pipe diameter D
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
:= Section 3.2.6 Page 19 Ref. [1]

1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
:=
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
:=
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
:=
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
5.1 Definition of Dynamic and Static Soil Stiffnesses
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Table 7-5 and Table 7-6 Dynamic stiffness factor and static stiffness
for pipe-soil interaction in sand and clay.
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2
:=
C
aCF
CFRES
0

Coeff
CFRES
1

, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
:=
5.2 Modal Damping Ratios NB Simplified soils damping criteria is used for this calculation
Create correct soil type reference integer
soil x ( ) if Soil x ( ) 2 Soil x ( ) , if Soil x ( ) 4 3 , if 4 Soil x ( ) < 6 4 , if 6 Soil x ( ) < 8 5 , "error" , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) :=
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
:=
J P KENNY
Table 7-3 Modal soil damping ratios (in %) for sand.
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
Table 7-4 Modal soil damping ratios (in %) for clay.
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40
60
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40
60
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40
100
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40
150
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% :=
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40
100
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40
300
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40
300
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40
60
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40
300
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40
600
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% :=
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ :=
Crossflow

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ :=
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
6.1 Onset Reduced Velocities
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
:= Operating Screening
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
:=
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
:=
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
:=
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
:=
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
:=
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
:=
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
:=
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
:= Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
:=
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
:=
Ref. [1]
C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:=
Buoyancy ratio

sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
:=
Inline Added Mass Coefficient
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
6.2 Reduced Velocities
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
:=
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:=
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
:=
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
dD 0 dtrench x ( ) 0m if
:=
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + :=
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
:=
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
:=
Inline
K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
D
t
x ( ) :=
Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5
1
soil
x ( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
D
t
x ( ) :=
6.3 Inline Vibration Onset Span Lengths
Simplify formulae
m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
:= L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
:= Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
:= IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
:=
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
< IL1 L X , ( ) IL2 L X , Y , ( ) = LILon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 y ,
otherwise
on error :=
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
:=
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
12
14
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
6.4 Crossflow Vibration Onset Span Lengths
Deflection Load per unit length, taken as weight per unit length
q
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
:=
Section 6.7.2 and Section 6.7.7 Page 32-33 Ref. [1]
Simplify formulae
m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
:= L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
:= Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) :=
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 y ,
otherwise
on error :=
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
:=
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inline
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200 D
o
X ( ) L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
0 <
Lilsc L X , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1
otherwise
on error := L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
:=
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
\
|
|
scr
KP x ( )

IL
:=
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossflow
Crossflow screening requirement
CFscr
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
:=
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 = Lxfsc L X , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LCFscr
err
z
1 m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1
otherwise
on error :=
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
:=
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
:= Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
:=
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
:=
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
:=
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
:=
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
:=
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
:=
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ :=
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
:= KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
:=
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
,
|
\
|
:=
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
( )
E
L
2
:=
J P KENNY
8.2 Cross Flow Response Model Section 4.4.4 RP F105
Simplify Formulae
me
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
:= Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
Reconstructing Figure 4-4 Section 4.4.3 Page 25 Ref. [1] Plateaux definition
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
2.3 if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 if
az1 D
t
x ( )
:=
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error :=
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
\
|
|
:=
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
:=
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
Ay
CF1
z y ,
AyCF1 z KPStep y , ( ) :=
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
0

Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
1

, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
:=
J P KENNY
8.3 Inline Response Model Section 4.3.5 Page 24 Ref. [1]
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +
ULS
x y , ( )
2

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+
ULS
x y , ( )
2

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05
ULS
x y , ( )
2
1 +
|
\
|
|

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
:=
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:=
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) :=
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ :=
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
10
4
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
+
|
\
|
|
|
10
4
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
< 10
2
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2
> if
:=
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) :=
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
:=
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error :=
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 <
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
,
|
\
|
|
:=
Reconstructing Figure 4-2 Page 25 Ref. [1]
I
1 R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
(
(
I
c
0.03
( )
1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
:= R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03
0.17
1 ,
|
\
|
|
R2 max R 0 , ( )
:=
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
\
|
|
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) := A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
\
|
|
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
:=
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) , 3.7 ,
( )
:=
Cut-off Velocities
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + :=
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
:=
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0

A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1

, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
,
|
\
|
:=
J P KENNY
8.4 Stress Calculations
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
:=
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
Maximum inline unit diameter stress amplitude
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
:=
Maximum crossflow unit diameter stress amplitude
S
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
:=
8.4.1 Inertia Force Coefficients
f ( ) 1.6 2 0.5 if
0.6 otherwise
:=
Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1]
C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ :=
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
:=
Correction for Trench
Effects

trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) :=
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:= CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) :=
C
M
z y ,
CM z KPStep y , ( ) :=
8.4.2 Peak Combined Drag and Inertia Loading This calculates the static load, and therefore considers the maximum wave and associated period.
Horizontal Acceleration Amplitude
Awave z y , ( )
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
:=
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
cos ( ) :=
Wave Induced Acceleration wrt
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) :=
Drag Force wrt Wave Phase Angle
F
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
(
(
:=
J P KENNY
Inertia Force wrt Wave Phase Angle
FM z y , , ( )

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
A
wave
z , y , ( ) :=
Horizontal Force (Drag + Inertia)
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + :=
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
fm A
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
0deg 2deg , 90deg .. for
max fh ( ) return
:=
Static Span effective Length
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) :=
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:=
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
:=
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + :=

dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
:=
J P KENNY
8.4.3 Peak Combined Drag and Inertia Loading
Calculates the static load, and therefore considers the maximum wave and associated period.
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
:=
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
(
(
(
E
:=
due to cross-flow VIV
M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
(
(
(
E
:=
8.5 Preliminary Load-Controlled Combined Loading Check Calculations
oper
< 200
o
C)
Yield Stress Temperature De-rating
f
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50
|
\
|
|
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
|
\
|
|
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa :=
Tensile Stress Temperature De-rating
f
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50
|
\
|
|
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
|
\
|
|
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa :=
Characteristic Yield Strength
f
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( )
( )

U
:=
Equation 5.5 Section 5 C302 - Page 44 Ref. [2]
Characteristic Tensile Strength
f
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( )
( )

U
:=
Design Moment
M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ :=
Equation 4.5 Section 4 G201 - Page 39 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Design differential overpressure Design effective axial force
S
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
:=
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
( )
:=
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
( )
2
t
2
x ( ) :=
Equation 5.21 Section 5 D605 - Page 48 Ref. [2]
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
( )
t
2
x ( ) :=
Limit strength
f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
:=
Yield Limit State
p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
:=
Plastic Collapse Pressure
p
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
:=
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
:=
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( )
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ :=
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
p
b
x ( )
\
|
|
|
otherwise
:=
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ :=
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
:=
pc 1barg :=
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
1
2
:=
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( )
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
|
\
|
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
pc ,
(
(
(
:=
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ :=
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
:=
8.8 Results
Select internal or external overpressure
UC L x , y , ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
:=
and associated moment
M
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
:=
Solve to find
Given Im Lu ( ) 0 = UC Lu X , Y , ( ) 1 = Lu 1m > M
func
Lu X , ( ) 0 > LlimULS Lu X , Y , ( ) Find Lu ( ) :=
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 y ,
otherwise
luls
on error :=
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) :=
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
9.1 Validity Checks
Maximum length for response model validity
MaxmODL x ( ) 140 D
o
x ( ) :=
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1
:=
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
:=
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
0.5 > "" , "Influenced by Euler limit" ,

|
\
|
|
|
on error :=
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|

|
\
|
|
|
on error :=
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|

|
\
|
|
|
:= eulcfs x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|

|
\
|
|
|
:=
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:= mlcfo x z , ( ) if L
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:=
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:= mlcfs x z , ( ) if L
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:=
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
0.5 < "a < 0.5 - IL VIV may be ignored" , "" ,
|
\
|
:=
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
:=
If D/t > 45, Load Controlled Check not Valid
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
:= zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
:=
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
.. := KP
z
z KPStep := Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
:=
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
:=
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
:=
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
:= aa
z
KP
z
:=
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) :=
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
:=
10.0 RESULTS
Location for Detailed Span results
location 1km :=
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
:=
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
:= M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ :=
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
:=
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) :=
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
, V
RCFon
CF
,
|
\
:=
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1
:=
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
10.1 Tabulated Span Lengths
ONSET Span Limits Onset Results Check SCREENING Span Limits Screening Results Check
Inline Crossflow Inline Crossflow Inline Crossflow Inline Crossflow
0 12.22 13.75
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
may be ignored OK 12.89 13.85
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
may be ignored OK 14.68 OK
500 11.96 13.38
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 12.58 13.48
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 11.98 13.40
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Limits
ULS Results
Check
J P KENNY
10.2 Charted Span Lengths
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
10.3 Velocities - Onset
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
ULS Maximum Wave Velocity
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
10.4 Detailed Results at Specified Location
Project: Project: Operati on Case
Maximum Allowable Span Length at Location Specified Symbol Units Loadcase
VIV ULS
Inl i ne Onset Al l owabl e Span Length LILon m 12.58 NA
Crossfl ow Onset Al l owabl e Span Length LCFon m 13.48 NA
Inl i ne Screeni ng Al l owabl e Span Length LILscr m 12.72 NA
Crossfl ow Screeni ng Al l owabl e Span Length LCFscr m 13.09 NA
ULS Al l owabl e Span Length LULS m NA 13.50
Inline Soil Stiffness KL MPa 15.71 del taP bar 233.32
VIV Onset Allowabe Spans ULS Spans
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
H1-WHP to PLEM Pi pel i nes
Functional moment
Design moment


03-2359-03-P-3-004 APPENDIX 2 Rev 3

APPENDIX 2

FOR 10-INCH WATER INJECTION PIPELINE

J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"As-Laid Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-10-inch WI Pipeline (AS-LAID) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Final Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.733 273.1 25.4 0 0 0 2.5 900 40 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.73 Low 0.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.733 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
c
oper
0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.733 43
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.733 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.733 0.00 0.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 0 0
1.733 0 0
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 0.0 0.0
1.733 0.0 0.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.733 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.733 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
10
20
30
40
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
1.659 10
3
1.66 10
3
1.661 10
3
1.662 10
3
1.663 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 - 10
6
8 - 10
5
6 - 10
5
4 - 10
5
2 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
18
20
22
24
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 14.99 14.72
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 14.98 14.71
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 14.96 14.69
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 14.95 14.68
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Flooded Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-10-inch WI Pipeline (FLOODED) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Final Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.733 273.1 25.4 0 0 0 2.5 900 40 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.73 Low 0.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.733 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
c
oper
0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.733 43
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.733 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.733 0.00 0.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
1.733 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
1.733 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.733 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.733 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
10
20
30
40
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.048 10
3
2.049 10
3
2.05 10
3
2.051 10
3
2.052 10
3
2.053 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1.5 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
5 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
18
20
22
24
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 14.81 14.47
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 14.80 14.45
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 14.78 14.44
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 14.77 14.42
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Hydrotest Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-10-inch WI Pipeline (HYDROTEST) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.733 273.1 25.4 0 0 0 2.5 900 40 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.73 Low 0.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.733 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
344.1 bar : =
c
oper
344.1 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.733 43
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.733 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 344.10 344.10
1.733 344.10 344.10
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
1.733 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
1.733 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.733 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.733 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
10
20
30
40
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
343.6
343.8
344
344.2
344.4
344.6
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.048 10
3
2.049 10
3
2.05 10
3
2.051 10
3
2.052 10
3
2.053 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1.5 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
5 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
16
18
20
22
24
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 14.81 14.47
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 14.36 14.05
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 14.35 14.03
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 14.77 14.42
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Operation Case"
|
\
|
|
:=

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Half of any corrosion allowance should be considered - Guidance Note in Section 2.2.5 Reference [1]. NOTE THAT THIS MAY VARY ON A PROJECT BASIS.
Reference [1].
Sheet assumes pipe is fully restrained. If this is not the case, an effective axial force may require to be manually input for the operational loadcase.
References
TGT FIELD DEVELOPMENT PROJECT DETAILED DESIGN
GLM-10-inch WI Pipeline (OPERATION) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
2.1 Pipeline Properties
KPStep 0.5km :=
2.1.1 Pipeline Mechanical Properties
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
i nt
(mm) p
i nt
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.733 273.1 25.4 0 0 8 2.5 900 40 3040 40 1500
Pipe
Section
:=
2.1.1 Seabed Properties 2.1.2 Safety Class Definition
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Soil Type Integer f or
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
:= Safety
KP From KP To Saf ety Class
Integer f or
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.50 Medium 1.00
0.50 1.23 Low 0.00
1.23 1.73 Medium 1.00
#N/A
:=
J P KENNY
2.1.3 Axial Friction Coefficients
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coef f icient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.733 0.40
:=
2.2 Pipeline Mechanical Properties
Young's modulus of Steel E 207000MPa := Turbulence Intensity I
c
5 % := Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3
:= Poisson's Ratio of Steel 0.30 :=
e
o
30 % :=
fj
200 kg m
3
:=
pj
12 m :=
eff
0 kN :=
Concrete cutback length FJ 325 mm :=
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.33 m :=
SMYS SMYS 450 MPa :=
Design Pressure P
des
299.2 bar :=
SMTS SMTS 535 MPa :=
c
45600 MPa := Operating Pressure P
oper
299.2 bar :=
Reference Elevation for Pressure elev 27.7 m :=
e
11.7 10
6
C
1
:=
Structural Damping
str
0.01 := Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 := Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
2.3 Operational Data
2.3.1 Water Depth 2.3.2 Trench Depth 2.3.3 Internal Pressure Profiles
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.733 43
:= trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.733 0.00
:= OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 299.20 299.20
1.733 299.20 299.20
:=
2.3.4 Temperature Profiles 2.3.5 Density Profiles 2.3.6 Empirical KC Section 6.2.5 Page 30. Ref. [1]
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 45 60
1.733 45 60
:= Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1025.0 1025.0
1.733 1025.0 1025.0
:= Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.733 0.25
:=
J P KENNY
Effective Axial Force 2.3.7 Seawater Data 2.3.8 Manual Input - Effective Axial Force
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.733 21.2 1024
:= Seffman
KP
Ef f ective Axial Force -
OPERATING
Ef f ective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
:=
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Temperature FOR INSTALLATION - this is used
in order to calculate the fully restrained axial force
2.4 Code Data - Boundary Conditions, Safety Factors from DNV RP-F105
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned

1
1.3 :=
Section 5.2.7 Page 28 Ref [1] Ratio between first and second
fn
12
2.7 :=
Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
VIV Safety Factors Table 2.3 Section 2.6.2 Page 18 Ref [1]
Table 2-3 Safety factor for natural frequencies, f
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 :=
CF
1.4 :=
J P KENNY
Safety Factors Table 2.2 Section 2.6.2, Page 18 Ref [1] Table 2.3 Section 2.6.2, Page 18 Ref [1]
Table 2-2 General safety factors for fatigue
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
:=
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
:=
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:= C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:= C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:=
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
2
6
(
(
1
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
C
1
C1
BC
:= C
2
C2
BC
:= C
3
C3
BC
:= C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
:=
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
:=
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
:=
C
6
5.208333 10
3
=
J P KENNY
2.5 Code Data - Safety Factors from DNV OS-F101

fab
1 :=
Table 5.7, Section 5 C307 Page 45 Ref [2] Functional Load Factor

fLC
1.1 :=

m
1.15 :=
Table 5.4, Section 5 C205 Page 44 Ref [2] Environmental Load Factor

E
1.3 :=
Safety Class Factor

SC
1.14 :=
Table 5.5 Section 5 C206 Page 44 Ref [2] Condition Load factor

c
1.07 :=
Table 4.5, Section 4, G203, Page 40 Ref [2]

U
0.96 :=
Table 5.6 Section 5 C306 Page 45 Ref [2] Ovality
f
o
1.5% :=
Table 7.17 Section 4 G314 Page 83 Ref [2]
2.6 Environmental Data
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
:=
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
:=
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.733 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
:=
current_data
Height at which Velocity Given z
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
:=
J P KENNY
3.1 Backgound Values for Calculations
Guess value for span length
L 5 m :=
Translate distance used in functions to equivalent integer value
KP x ( )
x
KPStep
:=
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
.. := y 0 1 .. :=
kp
z
z KPStep :=
Holds the vectors for operating (VIV) and design (ULS) values
c 0 1 .. :=
3.2 Submerged Weight Calculation
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
x ( ) :=
Inside Diameter
D
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
:=
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter
D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + :=
Steel Inner Diameter
D
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
x ( ) + :=
Concrete Diameter
D
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
:=
Concrete diameter is used for flow velocity calculations - velocities are calculated at the pipe
centreline, which will not be moved relative to the seabed by the addition of marine growth.
Of Steel Of Concrete
I
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( )
( )
4
64
:=
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
64
:=
Area of steel
A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
|
\
|
:=
Weight of steel
W
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
:=
J P KENNY
Internal Cross Section Area
A
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
:=
Weight of Contents
W
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
:=
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
|
\
|

int
x ( ) g L
pj
:=
Weight of Field Joint
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2

fj
g 2 FJ :=
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
:=
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g :=
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ
( )
:=
Buoyancy per joint
F
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
:=
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
|
\
|

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
:=
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) :=
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
(passed into a vector)
Wsub x c , ( )
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( )
L
pj
:=
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) :=
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
10
20
30
40
43.5
43.4
43.3
43.2
43.1
43
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
298.8
299
299.2
299.4
299.6
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
20
30
40
50
60
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
2.282 10
3
2.283 10
3
2.284 10
3
2.285 10
3
2.286 10
3
2.287 10
3
43.5
43.4
43.3
43.2
43.1
43
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
3.3 Required Values
Concrete Stiffness Enhancement Factor
CSF x ( ) k
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
0.75
:=
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + :=
Critical Buckling Load
P
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
:=
Function for Effective Span Length
Leff L K , x , ( ) L
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) if
4.73
0.066
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 if
:=
Euler (Bar) buckling length limit
Eulerlimit K x , Seff , ( ) 200 D
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
:=
J P KENNY
3.4 Effective Axial Force
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) :=
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2

e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1
|
\
|
|
|
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
:=
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) :=
from Left Hand End
lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|

lH
z 1 c ,
+ , 0 ,
:=
from right hand end

rH
c

fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
1 , 0 .. for :=
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,

rH
z c ,
, S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
:=
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
2 10
6
1.5 10
6
1 10
6
5 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
rH
z 0 ,
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
Total Water depth
WDt x ( ) WD x ( ) T
surge
+ :=
External Pressure
P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) :=
Pipe Surface Roughness
k
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
:=
J P KENNY
4.1 Wave Induced Velocity Calculations - Section 3.3
Collapse this section if near-bottom velocities are input directly. It is not required, nor are the results used.

p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
:=
JONSWAP peak enhancement factor

unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
:=
Section 3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]
Peak Enhancement Factor
Hs Tp , ( ) if
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
\
|
|
(
(
:=
p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
1 0.287 ln Hs Tp , ( ) ( ) ( ) :=
Spectral Width Parameter
sigma Tp , ( ) if
p
Tp ( ) 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
:=
Wave Number
k 1 m
1
:= k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) k ,
|
\
|
|
:=
Frequency Transfer Function
G x , ( )
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
:=
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5
e
5
4
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
4
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5

p
Tp ( )
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
:=
Wave induced velocity spectrum
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S
Hs , Tp , ( ) :=
J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1
s
1
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
d := M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1
s
1
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
d :=
Pipe Centreline
Us Hs Tp , x , ( ) 2 M0 Hs Tp , x , ( ) :=
Zero Up Crossing Period
Tu Hs Tp , x , ( ) 2
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
:=
Wave energy spreading function
k
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
:= w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
:=
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
w s , ( ) sin
w

( )
2
(
(
(
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 .. for
:=
Uw
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
T
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
J P KENNY
T
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
T
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
4.2 Short term wave conditions - Linear Wave Theory
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
\
|
|
1
2
Tmax , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
:=
Wave Number
k Tmax x , ( )
2
Tmax x , ( )
:=
Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
on error :=
Table 3-1 Section 3.5.2.6, Page 32 Ref. [5]
Uw
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
Uw
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
J P KENNY
4.3 Wave-Induced Velocity Directional Calculation
Collapse this section if wave heights and periods are input. It is not required, and nor are the results used.
1 Year
Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) := Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) :=
10 Year
Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) := Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) :=
100 Year
Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) := Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) :=
1 Year
U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
:= T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
:=
10 Year
U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
:= T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
:=
100 Year
U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
:= T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
:=
1 Year
U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
:=
10 Year
U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
:=
100 Year
U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
:=
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
4.4 Current Velocity Directional Calculation
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
:= Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
:= Section 3.4.1 Page 21
Ref. [1]
For current in the inner zone, assuming logarithmic profile - refer to Section 3.2.6 Page 19 Ref. [1]
Average current velocity across the pipe assuming a total pipe diameter D
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )

1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
:=
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
:=
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
:=
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
5.1 Definition of Dynamic and Static Soil Stiffnesses
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Table 7-5 and Table 7-6 Dynamic stiffness factor and static stiffness
for pipe-soil interaction in sand and clay.
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2
:=
C
aCF
CFRES
0

Coeff
CFRES
1

, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
:=
5.2 Modal Damping Ratios NB Simplified soils damping criteria is used for this calculation
Create correct soil type reference integer
soil x ( ) if Soil x ( ) 2 Soil x ( ) , if Soil x ( ) 4 3 , if 4 Soil x ( ) < 6 4 , if 6 Soil x ( ) < 8 5 , "error" , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) :=
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
:=
J P KENNY
Table 7-3 Modal soil damping ratios (in %) for sand.
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
Table 7-4 Modal soil damping ratios (in %) for clay.
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40
60
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40
60
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40
100
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40
150
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% :=
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40
100
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40
300
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40
300
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40
60
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40
300
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40
600
\
|
|
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% :=
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ :=
Crossflow

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ :=
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
6.1 Onset Reduced Velocities
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
:= Operating Screening
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
:=
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
:=
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
:=
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
:=
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
:=
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
:=
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
:=
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
:= Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
:=
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
:=
Ref. [1]
C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:=
Buoyancy ratio

sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
:=
Inline Added Mass Coefficient
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
6.2 Reduced Velocities
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
:=
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:=
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
:=
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
dD 0 dtrench x ( ) 0m if
:=
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + :=
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
:=
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
:=
Inline
K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
D
t
x ( ) :=
Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5
1
soil
x ( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
D
t
x ( ) :=
6.3 Inline Vibration Onset Span Lengths
Simplify formulae
m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
:= L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
:= Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
:= IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
:=
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
< IL1 L X , ( ) IL2 L X , Y , ( ) = LILon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 y ,
otherwise
on error :=
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
:=
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
6.4 Crossflow Vibration Onset Span Lengths
Deflection Load per unit length, taken as weight per unit length
q
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
:=
Section 6.7.2 and Section 6.7.7 Page 32-33 Ref. [1]
Simplify formulae
m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
:= L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
:= Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) :=
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 y ,
otherwise
on error :=
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
:=
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
:=
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inline
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200 D
o
X ( ) L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
0 <
Lilsc L X , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1
otherwise
on error := L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
:=
0 0.5 1 1.5
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
\
|
|
scr
KP x ( )

IL
:=
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossflow
Crossflow screening requirement
CFscr
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
:=
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 = Lxfsc L X , ( ) Find L ( ) :=
LCFscr
err
z
1 m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1
otherwise
on error :=
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
< 1.001 < if

1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
:=
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
:= Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
:=
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
:=
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
:=
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
:=
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
:=
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
:=
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ :=
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
:= KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
:=
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
,
|
\
|
:=
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
( )
E
L
2
:=
J P KENNY
8.2 Cross Flow Response Model Section 4.4.4 RP F105
Simplify Formulae
me
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
:= Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
:=
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
:=
Reconstructing Figure 4-4 Section 4.4.3 Page 25 Ref. [1] Plateaux definition
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
2.3 if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 if
az1 D
t
x ( )
:=
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error :=
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
\
|
|
:=
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
:=
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
Ay
CF1
z y ,
AyCF1 z KPStep y , ( ) :=
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
0

Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
1

, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
:=
J P KENNY
8.3 Inline Response Model Section 4.3.5 Page 24 Ref. [1]
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +
ULS
x y , ( )
2

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+
ULS
x y , ( )
2

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05
ULS
x y , ( )
2
1 +
|
\
|
|

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
:=
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:=
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) :=
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ :=
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
10
4
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
+
|
\
|
|
|
10
4
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
< 10
2
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2
> if
:=
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) :=
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
:=
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error :=
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 <
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
,
|
\
|
|
:=
Reconstructing Figure 4-2 Page 25 Ref. [1]
I
1 R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
(
(
I
c
0.03
( )
1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
:= R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03
0.17
1 ,
|
\
|
|
R2 max R 0 , ( )
:=
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
\
|
|
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) := A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
\
|
|
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
:=
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) , 3.7 ,
( )
:=
Cut-off Velocities
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + :=
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
:=
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
:=
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0

A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1

, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
,
|
\
|
:=
J P KENNY
8.4 Stress Calculations
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
:=
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
Maximum inline unit diameter stress amplitude
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
:=
Maximum crossflow unit diameter stress amplitude
S
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
:=
8.4.1 Inertia Force Coefficients
f ( ) 1.6 2 0.5 if
0.6 otherwise
:=
Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1]
C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ :=
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
:=
Correction for Trench
Effects

trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) :=
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
:= CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) :=
C
M
z y ,
CM z KPStep y , ( ) :=
8.4.2 Peak Combined Drag and Inertia Loading This calculates the static load, and therefore considers the maximum wave and associated period.
Horizontal Acceleration Amplitude
Awave z y , ( )
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
:=
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
cos ( ) :=
Wave Induced Acceleration wrt
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) :=
Drag Force wrt Wave Phase Angle
F
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
(
(
:=
J P KENNY
Inertia Force wrt Wave Phase Angle
FM z y , , ( )

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
A
wave
z , y , ( ) :=
Horizontal Force (Drag + Inertia)
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + :=
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
fm A
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
0deg 2deg , 90deg .. for
max fh ( ) return
:=
Static Span effective Length
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) :=
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
:=
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
:=
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + :=

dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
:=
J P KENNY
8.4.3 Peak Combined Drag and Inertia Loading
Calculates the static load, and therefore considers the maximum wave and associated period.
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
:=
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
(
(
(
E
:=
due to cross-flow VIV
M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
(
(
(
E
:=
8.5 Preliminary Load-Controlled Combined Loading Check Calculations
oper
< 200
o
C)
Yield Stress Temperature De-rating
f
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50
|
\
|
|
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
|
\
|
|
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa :=
Tensile Stress Temperature De-rating
f
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50
|
\
|
|
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100
|
\
|
|
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa :=
Characteristic Yield Strength
f
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( )
( )

U
:=
Characteristic Tensile Strength
f
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( )
( )

U
:=
Design Moment
M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ :=
J P KENNY
Design differential overpressure Design effective axial force
S
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
:=
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
( )
:=
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
( )
2
t
2
x ( ) :=
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
( )
t
2
x ( ) :=
Limit strength
f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
:=
Yield Limit State
p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( )
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
:=
Plastic Collapse Pressure
p
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
:=
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
:=
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( )
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ :=
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
p
b
x ( )
\
|
|
|
otherwise
:=
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ :=
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( )
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
:=
pc 1barg :=
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
1
2
:=
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( )
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
|
\
|
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
pc ,
(
(
(
:=
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ :=
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
:=
8.8 Results
Select internal or external overpressure
UC L x , y , ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
:=
and associated moment
M
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
:=
Solve to find
Given Im Lu ( ) 0 = UC Lu X , Y , ( ) 1 = Lu 1m > M
func
Lu X , ( ) 0 > LlimULS Lu X , Y , ( ) Find Lu ( ) :=
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 y ,
otherwise
luls
on error :=
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) :=
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
12
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
9.1 Validity Checks
Maximum length for response model validity
MaxmODL x ( ) 140 D
o
x ( ) :=
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1
:=
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
:=
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|

|
\
|
|
|
on error :=
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|

|
\
|
|
|
on error :=
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|

|
\
|
|
|
:= eulcfs x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|

|
\
|
|
|
:=
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:= mlcfo x z , ( ) if L
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:=
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:= mlcfs x z , ( ) if L
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " > 200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
:=
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
:=
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
:=
If D/t > 45, Load Controlled Check not Valid
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
:= zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
:=
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
.. := KP
z
z KPStep := Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
:=
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
:=
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
:=
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
:= aa
z
KP
z
:=
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) :=
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
:=
10.0 RESULTS
Location for Detailed Span results
location 1km :=
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
:=
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
:= M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ :=
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
:=
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) :=
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
, V
RCFon
CF
,
|
\
:=
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1
:=
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
10.1 Tabulated Span Lengths
0 12.83 13.40
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 12.50 13.02
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 13.63 13.56
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 12.79 13.36
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Limits
ULS Results
Check
J P KENNY
10.2 Charted Span Lengths
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
60
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
10.3 Velocities - Onset
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
ULS Maximum Wave Velocity
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
10.4 Detailed Results at Specified Location
Project: Project: Operati on Case
Maximum Allowable Span Length at Location Specified Symbol Units Loadcase
VIV ULS
Inl i ne Onset Al l owabl e Span Length LILon m 13.63 NA
Crossfl ow Onset Al l owabl e Span Length LCFon m 13.56 NA
Inl i ne Screeni ng Al l owabl e Span Length LILscr m 13.52 NA
Crossfl ow Screeni ng Al l owabl e Span Length LCFscr m 12.63 NA
ULS Al l owabl e Span Length LULS m NA 14.38
Inline Soil Stiffness KL MPa 16.13 del taP bar 294.53
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
H1-WHP to PLEM Pi pel i nes
Functional moment
Design moment
VIV Onset Allowabe Spans ULS Spans
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient


03-2359-03-P-3-004 APPENDIX 3 Rev 3

APPENDIX 3

FOR 8-INCH GAS LIFT PIPELINE

J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"As-Laid Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GL Pipeline (AS-LAID) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Final Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.737 219.1 15.9 0 0 0 2.5 900 73 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.74 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.737 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
c
oper
0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.737 43
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.737 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.737 0.00 0.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 0 0
1.737 0 0
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 0.0 0.0
1.737 0.0 0.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.737 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.737 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
1.643 10
3
1.644 10
3
1.645 10
3
1.646 10
3
1.647 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 - 10
6
8 - 10
5
6 - 10
5
4 - 10
5
2 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
9
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
11
12
13
14
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 11.26 11.69
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 11.25 11.68
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 11.24 11.67
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 11.23 11.66
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Flooded Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GL Pipeline (FLOODED) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Final Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.737 219.1 15.9 0 0 0 2.5 900 73 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.74 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.737 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
c
oper
0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.737 43
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.737 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
1.737 0.00 0.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
1.737 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
1.737 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.737 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.737 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
1.919 10
3
1.92 10
3
1.921 10
3
1.922 10
3
1.923 10
3
1.924 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1.5 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
5 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 11.34 11.55
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 11.32 11.54
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 11.31 11.53
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 11.30 11.52
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Hydrotest Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GL Pipeline (HYDROTEST) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.737 219.1 15.9 0 0 0 2.5 900 73 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 1.74 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.737 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
273.7 bar : =
c
oper
273.7 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.737 43
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.737 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 273.70 273.70
1.737 273.70 273.70
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
1.737 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
1.737 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.737 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.737 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
273.4
273.6
273.8
274
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
1.919 10
3
1.92 10
3
1.921 10
3
1.922 10
3
1.923 10
3
1.924 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1.5 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
5 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
9
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
9
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
9
10
11
12
13
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 11.34 11.55
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 11.01 11.21
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 11.00 11.20
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 11.30 11.52
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Operation Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GL Pipeline (OPERATION) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 1.737 219.1 15.9 0 0 1.5 2.5 900 73 3040 40 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.50 High 2.00
0.50 1.24 Medium 1.00
1.24 1.74 High 2.00
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 1.737 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.33 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
238 bar : =
c
oper
238 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
1.737 43
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
1.737 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 238.00 238.00
1.737 238.00 238.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 55 60
1.737 55 60
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 325.0 325.0
1.737 325.0 325.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
1.737 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
1.737 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 8.3 14.5 9.7 90 13.3 11.7 90 0.99 90
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 9.2 15.3 10.2 90 14.7 12.3 90 1.14 90
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 1.737 10 16 10.6 90 16 12.9 90 1.32 90
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
0
20
40
60
80
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
237.7
237.8
237.9
238
238.1
238.2
238.3
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
20
30
40
50
60
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
1.971 10
3
1.972 10
3
1.973 10
3
1.974 10
3
1.975 10
3
1.976 10
3
43.5 -
43.4 -
43.3 -
43.2 -
43.1 -
43 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
1.5 - 10
6
1 - 10
6
5 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
8
9
10
11
12
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
9
10
11
12
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
8
9
10
11
12
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 500 1 10
3
1.5 10
3
10
12
14
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 9.69 10.77
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
500 9.43 10.41
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1000 10.17 10.80
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
1500 9.67 10.74
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
a < 0.5 - IL VIV
KP
ULS Span
Li mi ts
ULS Resul ts
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.5 1 1.5
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient


03-2359-03-P-3-004 APPENDIX 4 Rev 3

APPENDIX 4

FOR 8-INCH GAS EXPORT PIPELINE

J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"As-Laid Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GE Pipeline (AS-LAID) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Final Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 0.854 219.1 15.9 0 0 0 2.5 900 42 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.85 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 0.854 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
c
oper
0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
0.854 43.8
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
0.854 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.854 0.00 0.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 0 0
0.854 0 0
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 0.0 0.0
0.854 0.0 0.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
0.854 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
0.854 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 2.8 7.9 5.8 84 4.5 6.8 84 0.85 84
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 4.2 10 7 84 6.7 8.3 84 0.86 84
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 5.6 11.6 8 84 8.9 9.6 84 0.9 84
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
0
10
20
30
40
50
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
10
20
30
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
1.04 10
3
1.041 10
3
1.042 10
3
1.043 10
3
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
5 - 10
5
4 - 10
5
3 - 10
5
2 - 10
5
1 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
16
18
20
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 200 400 600 800
30
35
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
Location for Detailed Span results location 0.5km : =
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 15.22 16.17 OK OK 17.76 16.77 OK OK 32.18 OK
500 15.23 16.19 OK OK 17.77 16.78 OK OK 32.20 OK
KP
ULS Span
Limits
ULS Results
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Flooded Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GE Pipeline (FLOODED) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Final Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 0.854 219.1 15.9 0 0 0 2.5 900 42 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.85 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 0.854 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
0 bar : =
c
oper
0 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
0.854 43.8
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
0.854 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 0.00 0.00
0.854 0.00 0.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
0.854 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
0.854 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
0.854 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
0.854 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 2.8 7.9 5.8 84 4.5 6.8 84 0.85 84
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 4.2 10 7 84 6.7 8.3 84 0.86 84
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 5.6 11.6 8 84 8.9 9.6 84 0.9 84
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
0
10
20
30
40
50
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1 -
0.5 -
0
0.5
1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
1.317 10
3
1.318 10
3
1.319 10
3
1.32 10
3
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
6 - 10
5
4 - 10
5
2 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
16
18
20
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 200 400 600 800
25
30
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 15.34 15.90 OK OK 17.92 16.48 OK OK 27.96 OK
500 15.35 15.91 OK OK 17.93 16.49 OK OK 27.98 OK
KP
ULS Span
Limits
ULS Results
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Hydrotest Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GE Pipeline (HYDROTEST) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 0.854 219.1 15.9 0 0 0 2.5 900 42 3040 0 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.85 Medium 1.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 0.854 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.2 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
115 bar : =
c
oper
115 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
0.854 43.8
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
0.854 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 115.00 115.00
0.854 115.00 115.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 21.2 21.2
0.854 21.2 21.2
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 1024.0 1024.0
0.854 1024.0 1024.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
0.854 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
0.854 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 2.8 7.9 5.8 84 4.5 6.8 84 0.85 84
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 4.2 10 7 84 6.7 8.3 84 0.86 84
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 5.6 11.6 8 84 8.9 9.6 84 0.9 84
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
0
10
20
30
40
50
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
114.8
114.9
115
115.1
115.2
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
21.17
21.18
21.19
21.2
21.21
21.22
21.23
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
1.317 10
3
1.318 10
3
1.319 10
3
1.32 10
3
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
6 - 10
5
4 - 10
5
2 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
12
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
14
16
18
20
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 200 400 600 800
20
25
30
35
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 15.34 15.90 OK OK 17.92 16.48 OK OK 29.23 OK
500 14.98 15.47 OK OK 17.26 16.00 OK OK 22.32 OK
KP
ULS Span
Limits
ULS Results
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
J P KENNY
Check:...SuI....Date:...............
Appr:....AB......Date:...............

Project_info
"Operation Case"
|
\
|
|
.
: =

VIV onset
Fatigue screening
Reference [1].
References
GLM-8-inch GE Pipeline (OPERATION) - GSW 1006 v2.00 Page 1 of 49 GSW 1006 v2.0
J P KENNY
2.0 INPUT DATA
KPStep 0.5km : =
pipe_inputs
Steel Wall
Thickness
Internal Coat
Thickness
Internal Coat
Density
Corrosion
Allowance
Corrosion Coat
Thickness
Corrosion
Coat Density
Concrete
thickness
Concrete
Coat Density
Marine Growth
Thickness
Marine Growth
Density
(km) (km) D
o
(mm) t
nom
(mm) t
int
(mm) p
int
kg/m t
corr
(mm) t
cc
(mm) p
cc
(kg/m) t
pc
(mm) p
wc
(kg/m) t
mar
(mm) p
mar
(kg/m)
1 0.00 0.854 219.1 15.9 0 0 1.5 2.5 900 42 3040 40 1500
Pipe
Section
: =
Seabed
Roughness
Associated
Roughness
[km] [km]
#N/A #N/A
#N/A #N/A
Calculations
Poisson's
Ratio
: = Safety
Integer for
Calculation
[km] [km]
0.00 0.85 High 2.00
#N/A
#N/A
#N/A
: =
J P KENNY
KP From KP To
Axial Friction
Coefficient
[km] [km]
0.00 0.854 0.40
: =
c
5 % : = Section 3.2.12 Page 20
Ref. [1]
Steel density
s
7850 kg m
3 -
e
o
30 % : =
fj
200 kg m
3 -
: =
pj
12 m : =
eff
0 kN : =
Tide and Surge T
surge
3.33 m : =
Design Pressure P
des
100 bar : =
c
oper
100 bar : =
e
11.7 10
6 -
C
1 -
: =
Structural Damping
str
0.01 : = Section 6.2.11 Page 31
Ref. [1]
h
0.0 : = Section 4.1.9 Page 23 Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
water_depth
KP Water Depth
[km] [m]
0 43.5
0.854 43.8
: = trench_depth
KP Trench Depth
[km] [m]
0.00 0.00
0.854 0.00
: = OpPres
KP
Operating
Pressure
Design
Pressure
[km] [barg] [barg]
0.00 100.00 100.00
0.854 100.00 100.00
: =
Temp
KP
Operating
Temperature
Design
Temperature
[km] [C] [C]
0 55 60
0.854 55 60
: = Den
KP
Contents Density -
Op
Contents Density -
Design
[km] [kg/m] [kg/m]
0 325.0 325.0
0.854 325.0 325.0
: = Emp_KC
KP Empirical KC
[km]
0.00 0.25
0.854 0.25
: =
J P KENNY
Manual Input
SWTemp
Depth
Ambient Seawater
Temperature
Density
[m] [C] [kg/m]
0.000 21.2 1024
0.854 21.2 1024
: = Seffman
KP
OPERATING
Effective Axial
Force - DESIGN
[km] [kN] [kN]
0.000 0.000 -2000.00
0.010 -4.472 -2000.00
0.020 -8.943 -2000.00
0.030 -13.415 -2000.00
0.040 -17.887 -2000.00
0.050 -22.359 -2000.00
0.060 -26.830 -2000.00
: =
Thick Wall
Loadcase Duration
Less than 6 months
More than 6 months
Pipe Roughness
Span Definition
Steel, Painted
Concrete
Marine Growth
Not Well Defined
Pinned-Pinned
Fixed-Fixed
Fixed-Pinned
1
fn
12
2.7 : = Section 6.8.1 Page 34 Ref [1]
Low Normal High
Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15
IL
1.4 : =
CF
1.4 : =
J P KENNY
Low Normal High
1 0.5 0.25
1 1.15 1.3
VIV
1.3 1.3
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.1 1.1
ULS
1.0
VIV
1.2
ULS
1.0 1.2
on.CF
k
s
on.IL
f
x c , ( ) f
Span_Def SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
Stability parameter
k
x c , ( ) k
0 SC x ( ) ,
c 0 = if
1.0 otherwise
: =
For ULS criterion
f
and
k
are equal to 1.
k
For screening,
f
C1
1.57
3.56
3.56
2.45
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C2
1.0
4.0
4.0
2.0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: = C3
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.5
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C4 L Leff , ( )
4.93
14.1
max 14.1
L
Leff
|
\
|
|
.
2
8.6 ,
(
(
10.2
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C6
5
384
1
384
1
384
2
384
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
C5 L Leff , ( )
1
8
1
12
max 18
Leff
L
|
\
|
|
.
2
6 -
(
(
1 -
1
24
,
(
(
(
1
8
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
C
1
C1
BC
: = C
2
C2
BC
: = C
3
C3
BC
: = C
4
L Leff , ( ) C4 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
1
2.45 = C
2
2 = C
3
0.5 =
C
6
C6
BC
: =
C
5
L Leff , ( ) C5 L Leff , ( )
BC
: =
C
6
5.208333 10
3 -
=
J P KENNY
fab
fLC
m
E
Safety Class Factor
SC
c
U
o
RP_1yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 2.8 7.9 5.8 84 4.5 6.8 84 0.85 84
: =
J P KENNY
RP_10yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 4.2 10 7 84 6.7 8.3 84 0.86 84
: =
RP_100yr
KP From KP To
Wave
Height
Spectral
Peak Period
Near-bottom
velocity
Mean Zero
Up-Crossing
Period
Wave /
Velocity
Heading
Wave
height
Associated
Period
Near-
Bottom
Velocity
Wave/Velocity
Heading
Current
Velocity
Current
Heading
H
s
T
p
U
wd
T
u

w
H
max
T
max
U
maxd

max
U
c

c
0 0.854 5.6 11.6 8 84 8.9 9.6 84 0.9 84
: =
current_data
c
m
3 3 3
VARIABLE
RETURN PERIOD
PARAMETER UNITS
: =
J P KENNY
x
KPStep
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = y 0 1 . . : =
kp
z
Wall thickness
t
2
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) t
corr
i
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
nom
x ( ) t
int
x ( ) +
( )
- : =
Used for ULS checks
Total Diameter D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) + 2t
mar
x ( ) + : =
si
x ( ) D
i
x ( ) 2 t
int
c
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) 2 t
cc
x ( ) + 2 t
pc
x ( ) +
( )
: =
conc
x ( )
D
c
x ( )
4
D
c
x ( ) 2 t
pc
x ( ) -
( )
4
-
64
: =
I
s
z

D
o
kp
z
( )
4
D
si
kp
z
( )
4
-
64
: =
Area of steel A
s
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( )
2
D
si
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
s
x ( ) A
s
x ( )
s
g L
pj
: =
J P KENNY
i
x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
: =
c
x c , ( )
c
x ( )
op
x ( ) c 0 = if
des
x ( ) c 1 = if
Wc A
i
x ( )
c
x ( ) g L
pj

Wc
: =
W
ic
x ( )

4
D
si
x ( )
2
D
i
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

int
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
W
fj
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

fj
g 2 FJ : =
W
cc
x ( )

4
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
D
o
x ( )
2
-

cc
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
Buoyancy per metre
F
b
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) g : =
W
wc
x ( )

4
D
c
x ( )
2
D
o
x ( ) 2t
cc
x ( ) +
( )
2
-

wc
x ( ) g L
pj
2 FJ -
( )
: =
Buoy
x ( ) F
b
x ( ) L
pj
: =
W
m
x ( )

4
D
t
x ( )
2
D
c
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.

mar
x ( ) g L
pj
: =
e
o
x ( ) e
o
D
c
x ( ) : =
Span Gap
Submerged Weight
W
c
x c , ( ) W
s
x ( ) + W
cc
x ( ) + W
m
x ( ) + W
wc
x ( ) + W
ic
x ( ) + W
fj
x ( ) + F
Buoy
x ( ) -
L
pj
: =
W
sub
z c ,
Wsub kp
z
c , ( ) : =
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
0
10
20
30
40
50
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Corrosion Allowance
Water Depth
Wall Thicknesses
T
h
i
c
k
n
e
s
s

(
m
m
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
99.9
99.95
100
100.05
100.1
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Operating Pressure
Design Pressure
Corrosion Allowance
Pressure Profile
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
b
a
r
g
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
20
30
40
50
60
45
44.5
44
43.5
43
Ambient Temperature
Design Temperature
Temperature Profile
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

(
C
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
0 100 200 300 400 500
1.332 10
3
1.333 10
3
1.334 10
3
1.335 10
3
1.336 10
3
43.7 -
43.65 -
43.6 -
43.55 -
43.5 -
Submerged Weight
Distance Along Pipe
W
e
i
g
h
t

(
k
N
)
W
a
t
e
r

D
e
p
t
h
J P KENNY
c
x ( )
E
c
I
conc
x ( )
E I
s
KP x ( )
\
|
|
|
.
0.75
: =
Effective Mass
m
e
Ca x , c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
g
Ca

4
D
t
x ( )
( )
2

w
x ( ) + : =
cr
L x , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) C
2

2
E I
s
KP x ( )
L
2
: =
log
K 30 D
o
x ( )
( )
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) < if
log
K L
4
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
L 30 D
o
x ( ) > if
4.73
0.066 -
2
1.02 + 0.63 +
2.7 > if
4.73
0.036
2
0.61 + 1.0 +
2.7 < if
BC 2 = if
1 BC 2 = if
o
x ( ) P
op
x ( ) 0 = if
root P
cr
Leff L K , x , ( ) x , ( ) Seff + L ,
( )
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
ax
z
ax kp
z
( ) : =
Axial Friction
Sfr x c , ( ) Pi x ( ) P
op
x ( )
op
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 0 = if
max 0C T
ULS
x ( ) T
amb
x ( ) - ,
( )
c 1 = if
Seff H
eff
1 2 - ( ) Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
-
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 1 = . if
H
eff
Pi x ( )

4
D
i
x ( )
2
- 2 Pi x ( )
A
s
x ( )
4
D
si
x ( )
t
nom
x ( )
1 -
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
e
T x c , ( ) E A
s
x ( ) - Seff
input
0 = Wall 0 = . if
Seff
man_onset
x ( ) c 0 = if
Seff
man_uls
x ( ) otherwise
Seff
input
1 = if
Seff return
: =
cases
S
fr
z c ,
Sfr kp
z
c , ( ) : =
from Left Hand End

lH
z c ,
if z 0 >
ax
z
W
sub
z c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.

lH
z 1 - c ,
+ , 0 ,
: =
from right hand end

rH
c
( )
fC
y
if y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
= 0 ,
ax
y
W
sub
y c ,
KPStep
|
\
|
.
fC
y 1 +
+
(
(
y round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
round
Length
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
1 - , 0 . . e for : =
S
eff
z c ,
max
lH
z c ,
-
rH
z c ,
- , S
fr
z c ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
1 - 10
6
8 - 10
5
6 - 10
5
4 - 10
5
2 - 10
5
0
S
fr
z 0 ,
lH
z 0 ,
-
rH
z 0 ,
-
S
eff
z 0 ,
kp
z
km
surge
+ : =
External Pressure P
e
x ( ) WDt x ( ) g
w
x ( ) : =
pipe
x ( ) k
p
0.005m t
mar
x ( ) 0mm > if
kpipe m otherwise
k
p
: =
J P KENNY
p
Tp ( )
2
Tp
unit
Hs Tp , ( )
Tp
Hs
m
0.5
sec
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) 3.6 s 5 , if 3.6
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) < 5 < e
5.75 1.15
unit
Hs Tp , ( ) -
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(

p
Hs Tp , ( )
5
16
Hs
2
p
Tp ( )
4
g
2
p
Tp ( ) s 0.07 , 0.09 ,
( )
Wave Number k 1 m
1 -
: = k x , ( ) root k WD x ( )

2
WD x ( )
g
coth k WD x ( ) ( ) - k ,
|
\
|
|
.
cosh k x , ( ) D
c
x ( ) e
o
x ( ) +
( )
sinh k x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( )
k x , ( ) WD x ( ) 707 < if
0 otherwise
S
Hs , Tp , ( )
p
Hs Tp , ( ) g
2

5 -
e
5 -
4

p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
4 -
Hs Tp , ( )
e
0.5 -

p
Tp ( ) -
sigma Tp , ( )
p
Tp ( )
|
\
|
|
.
2
: =
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( ) G x , ( )
2
S

J P KENNY
Spectral Moments
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
(
(
(
]
d : = M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
0s
1 -
s
1 -
S
UU
Hs , Tp , x , ( )
2
(
(
(
]
d : =
Pipe Centreline
M0 Hs Tp , x , ( )
M2 Hs Tp , x , ( )
w
s ( )
1
1
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
1
2
s
2
+
|
\
|
|
.
: = w s , ( ) k
w
s ( ) cos ( )
s

2
< if
0 otherwise
: =
R
D

w
x ,
( )
RD 0
rd
2
-
2
w s , ( ) sin
w
-
( )
2
(
(
(
(
]
d
RD rd rd RD > if
s 2 3 , 8 . . e for
1_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_1_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_1
x ( ) T
p_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
u_10_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_10
x ( ) T
p_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_sig_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Us H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
u_100_sig
x ( ) Tu H
s_100
x ( ) T
p_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
Wavelength
Tmax x , ( ) root
g
2
tanh
2 WD x ( )
\
|
|
.
\
|
|
.
1
2
-
Tmax - , 1m , 1000m ,
(
(
(
(
: =
2
Tmax x , ( )
: = Section 3.2.2.3, Page 25 Ref. [5]
1 -
Hmax
Tmax
t
x ( )
( )
sinh k Tmax x , ( ) WD x ( ) ( ) [ ]
1_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_1
x ( ) T
max_1
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
10_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_10
x ( ) T
max_10
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
100_max_calc
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uwmax H
max_100
x ( ) T
max_100
x ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
1 Year Uw
1_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
1_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_1_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw1
max_input
x ( ) : =
10 Year Uw
10_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
10_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_10_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw10
max_input
x ( ) : =
100 Year Uw
100_sig_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_sig
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
sig_input
x ( ) : = Uw
100_max_dir
x ( ) R
D

w_100_max
x ( ) x ,
( )
Uw100
max_input
x ( ) : =
1 Year U
w_1
z
Uw
1_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_sig_calc
: = T
u_1
z
T
u_1_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_1_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_1_input
: =
10 Year U
w_10
z
Uw
10_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_sig_calc
: = T
u_10
z
T
u_10_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_10_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_10_input
: =
100 Year U
w_100
z
Uw
100_sig_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
s_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_sig_calc
: = T
u_100
z
T
u_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) T
u_100_input
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
T
u_100_input
: =
1 Year U
w_max_1
z
Uw
1_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_1
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
1_max_calc
: =
10 Year U
w_max_10
z
Uw
10_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_10
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
10_max_calc
: =
100 Year U
w_max_100
z
Uw
100_max_dir
z KPStep ( ) H
max_100
z KPStep ( ) 0 = if
Uw
100_max_calc
: =
J P KENNY
Current Velocities
Reduction Factor R
c

c
( )
sin
c
( )
: = Elevation above
seabed
zed x ( )
e
o
x ( ) 0.5 D
c
x ( ) +
m
Ref. [1]
t
: Uc U
c
, z
r
, x ,
( )
R
c

c
( )
U
o
x ( )
( )
-
ln z
r
( )
ln z
o
x ( )
( )
-
1 Year Current U
c_1
z
c_1
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_1
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
10 Year Current U
c_10
z
c_10
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_10
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
100 Year Current U
c_100
z
c_100
z KPStep ( ) , z
r_c_100
, z KPStep ,
( )
: =
Current Velocities
J P KENNY
5.0 SOIL PARAMETERS
Soil Calculations
C
V
C
L
K
V,S
(kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m
5/2
) (kN/m/m)
Loose 10500 9000 250
Medium 14500 12500 530
Dense 21000 18000 1350
Very Soft 600 500 50 - 100
Soft 1400 1200 160 - 260
Firm 3000 2600 500 - 800
Stiff 4500 3900 1000 - 1600
Very Stiff 11000 9500 2000 - 3000
Hard 12000 10500 2600 - 4200
Sand
Clay
Soil Type
Coeff
CFRES
2
2.5
8
8.5
10
1
5.5
0
0.5 -
0.5 -
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
KvSTAT x ( ) K
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2 -
: =
C
aCF
CFRES
0
( )
Coeff
CFRES
1
( )
, Vrxf ,
|
\
|
.
: =
of below matrices
R L x , ( )
L
D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Loose 3.0 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.4 0.8
Medium 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
Dense 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.2 1.0 0.8
direction
direction
Type
L/D L/D
<40 100 >160 <40 100 >160
Very Soft - Soft 4.0 2.0 1.0 3.0 2.0 1.0
Firm - Stiff 2.0 1.4 0.8 1.2 1.0 0.8
Very Stiff - Hard 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5
direction
direction
Clay Type
s.in
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
1.5
1.5
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 4
R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

R L x , ( ) 40 -
150
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
s.xf
L x , c , ( )
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2
R L x , ( ) 40 -
100
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

R L x , ( ) 40 -
60
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

R L x , ( ) 40 -
300
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

R L x , ( ) 40 -
600
-
|
\
|
|
.
,
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
% : =
Inline
T.inline
L x , c , ( )
str

s.in
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Crossflow
T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
str

s.xf
L x , c , ( )
soil x ( )
+
h
+ : =
Soil Calculations
Onset Lengths
J P KENNY
Temporary Screening
t
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
o
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
scr
z
U
c_10
z
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_100
z
otherwise
: =
scr
z

t
z
LC
input
0 = if
o
z
otherwise
: =
oia
z
U
c_1
z
U
c_1
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
oib
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_1
z
+
: =
oa
z
U
c_10
z
U
c_10
z
U
w_100
z
+
: =
ob
z
U
c_100
z
U
c_100
z
U
w_10
z
+
: =
J P KENNY
Uw
onset
z y ,
U
w_10
z
y 0 = if
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
w_100
z
y 0 = if
U
w_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: = Uc
onset
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
U
c_10
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
on
z y ,
oia
z
y 0 = if
oib
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 = if
oa
z
y 0 = if
ob
z
y 1 = if
LC
input
0 > if
: =
Ref. [1] C
a
x ( ) 0.68
1.6
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Buoyancy ratio
sratio
x c , ( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) c ,
F
b
x ( ) +
F
b
x ( )
Also Section 3.2.15
Page 20 Ref. [1]
K
sin
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , c ,
( )

T.inline
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
proxi
x ( )
1
5
4 1.25
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
Ref. [1]
J P KENNY
V
RILon
L x , c , ( )
1.0
onIL
c
K
sin
L x , c , ( ) 0.4 < if
0.6 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) +
onIL
c
0.4 K
sin
L x , c , ( ) < 1.6 < if
2.2
onIL
c
otherwise
: =
ID x ( ) dD min
o
x ( ) -
D
o
x ( )
1 ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
trench
x ( ) 1 0.5 ID x ( ) + : =
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
3
proxi
x ( )
trench
x ( )
onCF
c
: =
K
scf
L x , c , ( )
4 m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x c , ( )
( )
x , c ,
( )

T.xflow
L x , c , ( )
w
x ( ) D
t
x ( )
( )
2

k
x c , ( )
: =
Inline K
IL
x c , ( ) C
L
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) +
( )
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : = Crossflow
K
CF
x c , ( )
C
V
Soil x ( )
kN m
2.5 -
1
soil
x ( ) -
2
3

sratio
x c , ( )
1
3
+
|
\
|
|
.
D
t
x ( ) : =
Simplify formulae m
e_IL
z
m
e
C
a
kp
z
( ) kp
z
, 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) Leff L K
IL
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
IL
z
Eulerlimit K
IL
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
IL1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_IL
KP x ( )
L
eff_IL
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_IL
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: = IL2 L x , y , ( )
f
x 0 , ( )
Uc
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
Uw
onset
KP x ( ) y ,
+
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
: =
J P KENNY
IL
KP X ( )
LILon
err
z y ,
1000m Lil 30m z 0 = if
Lil LILon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
ILon_mat
z y ,
LILon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
IL1 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL2 LILon
err
z y ,
kp
z
, y ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
ILon
z
min L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
L
ILon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
10
12
14
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h
J P KENNY
z c ,
W
sub
z c ,
Simplify formulae m
e_CF
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 0 , ( )
( )
x , 0 ,
( )
: = L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 0 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: = Eul
CF
z
Eulerlimit K
CF
kp
z
0 , ( ) kp
z
, S
eff
z 0 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Crossflow
Structural
Frequency
CF1 L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e_CF
x ( ) L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 0 ,
L
eff_CF
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 0 ,
P
cr
L
eff_CF
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
CF2
z y ,
Uc
onset
z y ,
Uw
onset
z y ,
+
V
RCFon
kp
z
0 , ( ) D
t
kp
z
( )

f
kp
z
0 , ( ) : =
KP X ( ) Y ,
= L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
< Im L ( ) 0 =
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LCFon L X , Y , ( ) Find L ( ) : =
LCFon
err
z y ,
1000m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFon
err
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFon_mat
z y ,
LCFon
err
z y ,
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFon
err
z y ,
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
CF2
z y ,
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFon
err
z y ,
+ otherwise
: =
L
CFon
z
min L
CFon_mat
z 0 ,
L
CFon_mat
z 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
12
14
16
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Onset Lengths
7.0 SCREENING
Screening
7.1 Inli ne
Given L Eul
IL
KP X ( )
<
eff_IL
L X , ( ) < 200D
o
X ( ) s L 0m >
L
IL1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 <
LILscr
err
z
1000m Lil 25m z 0 = if
Lil LILscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : = L
ILscr
z
LILscr
err
z
0.999 Re
ILscr LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
IL1 LILscr
err
z
kp
z
,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LILscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
14
16
18
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ILscr L x , ( )
Uc
scr
KP x ( )
V
RILon
L x , 0 , ( ) D
t
x ( )
1
L
250 D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
scr
KP x ( )

IL
: =
J P KENNY
7.2 Crossf low
z
Uc
scr
z
U
w_1
z
+
V
RCFon
z KPStep 0 , ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )

CF
Given CFscr
KP X ( )
CF1 L X , ( ) = L 0m >
L
CF1 L X , ( )
d
d
|
\
|
|
.
0 < L Eul
CF
KP X ( )
LCFscr
err
z
1 - m Lcf 30m z 0 = if
Lcf LCFscr
err
z 1 -
otherwise
on error : =
L
CFscr
z
LCFscr
err
z
0.999 Re
CF1 LCFscr
err
z
z KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 1.001 < if
1000m LCFscr
err
z
+ otherwise
: =
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
10
20
30
40
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
J P KENNY
Screening
ULS Span Lengths
Uc
ULS
z y ,
U
c_1
z
y 0 = if
U
c_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
c_10
z
otherwise
y 1 = if
: = Uw
sigULS
z y ,
U
w_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_sig
z y ,
w_1_sig
w_100_sig
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_sig
y 0 = if
: =
Tu
ULS
z y ,
T
u_1
z
y 1 = if
T
u_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
T
u_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
rel_max
z y ,
w_1_max
w_100_max
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
w_10_max
y 0 = if
: =
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
U
w_max_1
z
y 1 = if
U
w_max_100
z
LC
input
0 > if
U
w_max_10
z
otherwise
y 0 = if
: =
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
T
max_1
T
max_100
z KPStep ( ) LC
input
0 > if
T
max_10
y 0 = if
: =
J P KENNY
ULS
z y ,
Uc
ULS
z y ,
Uw
sigULS
z y ,
+ : =
ULS
x y , ( )
Uc
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: = KC No. KC
uls
x y , ( )
Uw
sigULS
KP x ( ) y ,
D
t
x ( )
Tu
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
: =
Euler
limit
x ( ) min 200 D
o
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
A
IL
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
Inline
Cross - flow A
CF
L x , ( ) C
4
L Leff L KvSTAT x ( ) , x , ( ) , ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( ) D
t
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
( )
E
L
2
: =
J P KENNY
CFULS
x ( ) m
e
C
aCF
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
( )
x , 1 ,
( )
: = Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) Leff L K
CF
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
: =
CFULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
me
CFULS
x ( ) Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+ C
3
C
6
q
KP x ( ) 1 ,
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( )
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
CFULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
.
D
t
x ( )
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
2
+
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
: =
Az1 x y , ( )
az1 0.9 fn
12
1.5 < if
az1 0.9 0.5 fn
12
1.5 -
( )
+ 1.5 fn
12
s 2.3 s if
az1 1.3 2.3 fn
12
< if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 > if
az1 0.9 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 30 > if
az1 0.7 0.01 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 -
( )
+ 10 KC
uls
x y , ( ) s 30 s if
az1 0.7 KC
uls
x y , ( ) 10 < if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.8 s if
az1 D
t
x ( )
: =
V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
z y ,
t
z KPStep ( )

f
z KPStep 1 , ( )
( )
on error : =
V
RCF1
x y , ( ) 7
7 V
RCFon
x 1 , ( ) -
1.15
1.3
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
.
- : =
V
CFR2
x y , ( ) 16
7
1.3
|
\
|
|
.
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
- : =
Reduced velocity
AyCF1 x y , ( )
2.0
V
RCFon
x 1 , ( )
V
RCF1
x y , ( )
V
CFR2
x y , ( )
16
0
0.15
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
Az1 x y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
CF1
z y ,
AyCF L z , y , ( ) 0 V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) 2 < if
max 0 linterp Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
0
( )
Ay
CF1
z y ,
|
\
|
.
1
( )
, V
Rx
L z , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(
(
otherwise
: =
J P KENNY
KC
x y , ( )
0.85 0.15 +

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 40 > if
0.85
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+

ULS
x y , ( )
2
-
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
0.6
6
KC
uls
x y , ( )
+ otherwise
40 KC
uls
x y , ( ) > 5 > if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
1.05

ULS
x y , ( )
2
- 1 +
|
\
|
|
.

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 s if
KC
uls
x y , ( )
5
0.8 1 + otherwise
otherwise
: =
Section 5.4.6
Page 30 Ref. [1]
prox_CD
x ( ) 0.9
0.5
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
trench_CD
x ( ) 1
2
3
ID x ( ) - : =
Page 30 Ref. [1]
VIV_CD
L z , y , ( ) 1 1.043 2 AyCF L z , y , ( )
( )
0.65
+ : =
Section 5.4.4
C
dkD
x ( ) 0.65
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
< if
0.65
29
13
4
13
log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
10
4 -
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
< 10
2 -
< if
1.05
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
10
2 -
> if
: =
C
D
L x , y , ( ) C
dkD
x ( )
KC
x y , ( )
( )

prox_CD
x ( )
trench_CD
x ( )
VIV_CD
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) : =
Page 29 Ref. [1]
ILULS L x , ( ) C
1
1 CSF x ( ) +
E I
s
KP x ( )
m
e
C
a
x ( ) x , 1 ,
( )
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
4
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff L K
IL
x 1 , ( ) , x ,
( )
x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
V
Rd
L x , y , ( ) 0
Utot
ULS
KP x ( ) y ,
ILULS L x , ( ) D
t
x ( )

f
x 1 , ( )
( )
(
(
(
on error : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]

IL
x y , ( ) if
ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 < 0 , if 0.5
ULS
x y , ( ) s 0.8 <

ULS
x y , ( ) 0.5 -
0.3
, 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
,
|
\
|
|
.
: =
I
s 1 s R
1
x y , ( ) R min 1
2

2
2
rel_sig
KP x ( ) y ,
|
\
|
.
-
(
(
I
c
0.03 -
( )
- 1 ,
(
(
R1 max R 0 , ( )
: = R
2
R min 1
I
c
0.03 -
0.17
- 1 ,
|
\
|
|
.
R2 max R 0 , ( )
: =
A
y2
L x , ( ) 0.13 1
min 1.799 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) ,
( )
1.8
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
2
(
(
D
t
x ( ) : = A
y1
L x , y , ( ) D
t
x ( ) max 0.18 1
K
sin
L x , 1 , ( )
1.2
-
|
\
|
|
.
R
1
x y , ( )
( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
,
(
(
(
: =
V
RILend
L x , ( ) if K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) 1 < 4.5 0.8 K
sin
L x , 1 , ( ) - , 3.7 ,
( )
: =
RIL1
L x , y , ( ) 10
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( ) + : =
V
RIL2
L x , ( ) V
RILend
L x , ( ) 2
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
- : =
Page 25 Ref. [1]
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
V
RILon
L x , 1 , ( )
V
RIL1
L x , y , ( )
V
RIL2
L x , ( )
V
RILend
L x , ( )
0
A
y1
L x , y , ( )
D
t
x ( )
A
y2
L x , ( )
D
t
x ( )
0
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
YOD
L x , y , ( )
0
( )
A
YOD
L x , y , ( )
1
( )
, Re V
Rd
L x , y , ( )
( )
,
|
\
|
.
,
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY
R
k
L x , ( ) 1 0.15 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) - K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 s if
3.2 K
scf
L x , 1 , ( )
1.5 -
K
scf
L x , 1 , ( ) 4 > if
: =
Crossflow damping
reduction factor
IL
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
IL
L x , ( ) AyOD L x , y , ( )
IL
x y , ( )
s
1
CF
L x , y , ( ) 2 A
CF
L x , ( ) AyCF L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) R
k
L x , ( )
s
1
f ( ) 1.6 2 - 0.5 s if
0.6 otherwise
: = Section 5.4.10
Page 30 Ref. [1] C
M0
x y , ( ) f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
5 2 f
ULS
x y , ( )
( )
-
( )
KC
uls
x y , ( ) 5 +
+ : =
k_CM
x ( ) 0.75 0.434log
k
pipe
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
Effects
trench_CM
x ( ) 1
1
3
ID x ( ) - : =
proxi_CM
x ( ) 0.84
0.8
1 5
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
+
+
e
o
x ( )
D
t
x ( )
0.8 < if
1 otherwise
: = CM x y , ( ) C
M0
x y , ( )
k_CM
x ( )
proxi_CM
x ( )
trench_CM
x ( ) : =
M
z y ,
2
Tw
maxULS
z y ,
Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Wave Phase Angle
U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uw
maxULS
z y ,
|
\
|
.
Wave Phase Angle
A
wave
z , y , ( ) Awave z y , ( ) ( ) sin ( ) : =
draguls
L z , y , , ( )
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( ) U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
: =
J P KENNY

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.
A
wave
z , y , ( ) : =
FH L , z , y , ( ) F
draguls
L z , y , , ( ) FM z y , , ( ) + : =
equal to zero.
FH
max
L z , y , ( ) fd
1
2

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( ) C
D
L kp
z
, y , ( )
fm

4

w
z KPStep ( ) D
t
z KPStep ( )
( )
2
C
M
z y ,
|
\
|
.

fh
i
fd U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+ U
wave
z , y , ( ) Uc
ULS
z y ,
+
|
\
|
.
fmA
wave
z , y , ( )
( )
+
i i 1 +
max fh ( ) return
: =
ULS
Resultant Moment
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
FH
max
L KP x ( ) , y , ( ) Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
|
\
|
|
|
|
|
.
: =
Section 6.7.6 / 6.7.10 Page 33 Ref. [1]
Associated Stress
FM_MAX
L x , y , ( )
M
wave
L x , y , ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
: =
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
1
2
max 0.4 S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
A
IL
L x , ( )
A
CF
L x , ( )
S
IL
L x , y , ( ) ,
(
(
(

FM_MAX
L x , y , ( ) + : =
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
1
2
S
CF
L x , y , ( )
( )
J P KENNY
M
func
L x , ( ) C
5
L Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) ,
( )
W
sub
KP x ( ) 1 ,
|
\
|
.
Leff
ULS
L x , ( )
2
1
S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
P
cr
Leff
ULS
L x , ( ) x ,
( )
+
(
(
(
(
(

fLC

c
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynIN
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
dynCF
L x , y , ( )
2 I
s
KP x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
nom
x ( ) -
|
\
|
|
|
.
(
(
(
E
: =
oper
<200
o
C)
y_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
u_temp
x ( ) if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 < 0 , if
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 s
T
ULS
x ( )
C
50 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.6 ,
T
ULS
x ( )
C
100 -
|
\
|
|
.
0.4
(
(
30 + ,
(
(
(
(
MPa : =
y
x ( ) SMYS f
y_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
u
x ( ) SMTS f
u_temp
x ( ) -
( )

U
Design Moment M
Sd
L x , y , ( ) M
func
L x , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( ) +
( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
J P KENNY
Sd
x ( ) S
eff
KP x ( ) 1 ,
fLC

c
p
d
x ( ) p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
: =
moment resistance
M
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
2
t
2
force resistance
S
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( ) D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
( )
t
2
Limit strength f
cb
x ( ) min f
y
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
1.15
,
|
\
|
|
.
Yield Limit State p
b
x ( )
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( ) t
2
x ( ) -
f
cb
x ( )
2
3
p
x ( ) f
y
x ( )
fab
2 t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
Page 48 Ref. [2]
io
x ( ) beta 0.5
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
15 < if
beta
60
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
-
90
15
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
s 60 s if
beta 0
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
60 > if
: =
c_io
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
( )

io
x ( )
f
u
x ( )
f
y
x ( )
+ : =
p2
x ( ) 1
io
x ( ) -
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
0.7 < if
1 3
io
x ( ) 1
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
p
b
x ( )
-
|
\
|
|
|
.
- otherwise
: =
Page 48 Ref. [2]
Page 48 Ref. [2]
J P KENNY
Interaction Ratio
Page 47 Ref. [2]
UC
io
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design Moment for
MDio x ( )
1
p2
x ( )
p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) -
( )
c_io
x ( ) p
b
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
pc 1barg : =
Page 46 Ref. [2]
p
el
x ( )
2 E
t
2
x ( )
D
o
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
3
1
2
-
: =
p
c
x ( ) root pc p
el
x ( ) -
( )
pc
2
p
p
x ( )
2
-
|
\
|
.
pc p
el
x ( ) p
p
x ( ) f
o
D
o
x ( )
t
2
x ( )
- pc ,
(
(
(
: =
Interaction Ratio
5 D607 Page 48 Ref. [2]
UC
eo
L x , y , ( )
m

SC
M
Sd
L x , y , ( )
c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
+
(
(
(
m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
+ : =
Design moment for
MDeo x ( )
1

m

SC
P
e
x ( ) 0 -
( )
p
c
x ( )
(
(
(
2
-

m

SC
S
Sd
x ( )
c_io
x ( ) S
p
x ( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
2
-
m

SC

c_io
x ( ) M
p
x ( )
( )
: =
8.8 Resul ts
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > UC
io
L x , y , ( ) , UC
eo
L x , y , ( ) ,
( )
: =
d
x ( ) if p
ldULS
x ( ) P
e
x ( ) > MDio x ( ) , MDeo x ( ) ,
( )
: =
func
J P KENNY
LULS
z y ,
1 - m LU L
CFon
0
z 0 = if
LU LULS
z 1 - y ,
otherwise
luls
on error : =
L
ULS
z
min LULS
z 0 ,
LULS
z 1 ,
, ( ) : =
0 200 400 600 800
14
16
18
20
KP (km)
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
ULS Span Lengths
o
x ( ) : = Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
Section 6.7.7
Page 33 Ref [1]
CF
x z , ( ) C
6
W
sub
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
4
E I
s
KP x ( )
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
1 C
2
S
eff
z 0 ,
L
CFon
z
|
\
|
.
2
1 CSF x ( ) + ( )
2
E I
s
KP x ( )
(
(
(
(
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
check
x z , ( ) if
CF
x z , ( ) 2.5 D
t
x ( ) > "Invalid" , "" ,
( )
: =
Section 6.7.1
Page 32 Ref [1]
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFon
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
on error : =
on screening spans
eulils x z , ( ) if
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
ILscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
S
eff
z 0 ,
P
cr
L
CFscr
z
x ,
|
\
|
.
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
on onset spans
ILon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFon
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
on screening spans
ILscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
CFscr
z
200 D
o
x ( ) > " >200Do limit, " , "" ,
|
\
|
.
: =
ILVIV
o
z ( ) if
on
z 0 ,
|
\
|
.
: =
Section 1.9.1
Page 10 Ref [1]
ILVIV
s
z ( ) if
scr
z
|
\
|
.
: =
ULS
z
LULS
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: = zz z ( ) 0 L
ILon
z
L
ILon_mat
z 0 ,
= if
1 otherwise
: =
z 0 1 ,
Length
KPStep
. . : = KP
z
z KPStep : = Dt
v
z
if
D
o
KP
z
( )
t
nom
KP
z
( )
|
\
|
|
|
.
: =
lilon
z
if concat mlilo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerIL KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
o
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
J P KENNY
lilscr
z
if concat mlils KP
z
z , ( ) eulils KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) , ILVIV
s
z ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: =
lcfon
z
if concat mlcfo KP
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
z
z , ( ) EulerCF KP
z
z , ( ) ,
check
KP
z
z , ( ) ,
( )
,
( )
: = aa
z
KP
z
: =
lcfscr
z
if concat mlcfs KP
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z
z , ( ) eulcfs KP
z
z , ( ) , ( ) , ( ) : =
ILon
, L
CFon
, lilon , lcfon , L
ILscr
, L
CFscr
ULS
, Dt
v
,
( )
: =
10.0 RESULTS
loc round
location
KPStep
|
\
|
|
.
: =
SpanVIV
loc
stack L
ILon
loc
L
CFon
loc
, L
ILscr
loc
, L
CFscr
loc
, "NA" ,
|
\
|
.
: = M
env
L x , y , ( ) M
DCFVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
M
DILVIV
L x , y , ( )
2
+ : =
SpanULS
loc
ULS
loc
,
|
\
|
.
: =
Spans
loc
augment SpanVIV
loc
SpanULS
loc
, ( ) : =
VIV
loc
stack
S
eff
loc 0 ,
kN
Uc
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
Uw
onset
loc zz loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
,
on
loc 0 ,
,
W
sub
loc 0 ,
kN m
1 -

RILon
L
ILon
loc
loc KPStep , 0 ,
|
\
|
.
, V
RCFon
,
|
\
: =
ULS
loc
stack
M
func
L
ULS
loc
loc KPStep ,
|
\
|
.
kN m
M
env
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
M
Sd
L
ULS
loc
|
\
|
.
kN m
,
S
eff
loc 1 ,
kN
,
Uc
ULS
loc bb loc ( ) ,
m s
1 -
( )
,
Uw
maxULS
loc bb ,
m s
1 -
: =
J P KENNY
SaveLC LC
input
1 ,
( )
input
1 ,
( )
0 =
0 12.68 14.23 OK OK 16.40 16.84 OK OK 17.84 OK
500 12.22 13.58 OK OK 15.36 15.76 OK OK 15.90 OK
KP
ULS Span
Limits
ULS Results
Check
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
10
20
30
40
50
ULS Span Lengths
S
p
a
n

L
e
n
g
t
h

(
m
)
g
J P KENNY
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Particle Velocities
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
i
e
s

(
m
/
s
)
J P KENNY
VIV ULS
Drag Coefficient
Inertia Coefficient
Submerged Weight
Pressure Difference
Functional moment
Design moment


03-2359-03-P-3-004 APPENDIX 5 Rev 3

APPENDIX 5

LITERATURE REFERENCE FOR FIXED-PINNED
BOUNDARY CONDITION COEFFICIENTS

Pluto LNG Project Suitable end condition coefficients for fixed-pinned spans in accordance with DNV RP F105
DRIMS-# Page 1 of 9

WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD
PLUTO LNG PROJECT FILE NOTE

To:
J ohn Willcocks, Gary Cumming, Knut Tornes, Andrew Rathbone, Clem
Roberts, Masa Brankovic
From: Silvia Sze
CC:
JPK Reference: 01096406-CTR# WEL Reference: DRIMS-#
Date: 20
th
October, 2008
SUBJECT
Suitable end condition coefficients for fixed-pinned spans in accordance with
DNV RP-F105

1. INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
Free spanning pipeline analyses were performed for the Pluto 20-inch Flowlines and
36-inch Trunkline. They include the allowable span length and fatigue analyses. Free
spans are assessed to DNV RP-F105 (2006), Free Spanning Pipelines (Ref. [1]).
One of the parameters of paramount importance to free spanning pipeline analyses is
the free span boundary condition.
Three boundary conditions are presented in DNV RP-F105 (2006) (Ref. [1]):
Pinned-pinned.
Fixed-fixed.
Single span on seabed.
Each boundary condition is described by 6 coefficients, C
1
to C
6
. These values are
given in Table 1-1.

WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 2 of 9
Table 1-1
Boundary Condition Coefficients DNV RP-F105 (2006)
Pinned-Pinned Fixed-Fixed Single Span on Seabed
C
1
1.57 3.56 3.56
C
2
1.0 4.0 4.0
C
3
0.8 0.2 0.4
C
4
4.93 14.1
Shoulder: 14.1(L/L
eff
)
2

Mid-span: 8.6
C
5
1/8 1/12
Shoulder:
( ) 6 / 18
1
2
L L
eff

Mid-span: 1/24
C
6
5/384 1/384 1/384

A previous edition of Ref. [1] was DNV Guideline 14, Free Spanning Pipelines (Ref.
[2]). The end conditions available for DNV Guideline 14 included:
Pinned-pinned.
Fixed-fixed.
Pinned-Fixed.
Note that the pinned-fixed boundary condition is not available in DNV RP-F105.
In DNV Guideline 14 (Ref. [2]), only 3 coefficients were available for each boundary
condition. These coefficients are given in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2
Boundary Condition Coefficients DNV Guideline 14
Pinned-Pinned Fixed-Fixed Pinned-Fixed
C
1
1.57 3.56 2.45
C
2
1.0 0.25 0.50
C
3
5.0x10
-4
5.0x10
-3
5.0x10
-6
5.0x10
-5
5.0x10
-5
5.0x10
-4

The pinned-fixed condition is deemed the most suitable boundary condition for a free
span on seabed, excluding rocky outcrop areas.
To allow the use of the pinned-fixed boundary condition in the assessment of free
spans to DNV RP-F105 (2006) (Ref. [1]), the corresponding pinned-fixed condition
coefficients were deduced from DNV Guideline 14.
The objective of this file note is to present the steps taken and the reasoning in
converting the pinned-fixed coefficients from DNV GL14 to suit the DNV RP-F105
assessment.
WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 3 of 9
2. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The fixed-pinned boundary coefficients to DNV RP-F105 have been deduced and
given in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1
Pinned-Fixed Boundary Condition
Pinned-Fixed Coefficients to DNV RP-F105
C
1
2.45
C
2
2.0
C
3
0.5
C
4
10.2
C
5
1/8
C
6
2/384

2.1 Coefficients for Fixed-Pinned End Condition
For each of the boundary conditions (pinned-pinned, fixed-fixed, single span on
seabed / pinned-fixed):
The DNV RP-F105 boundary condition coefficients (C
1
to C
6
) are used to determine
Fundamental natural frequency calculation (C
1
to C
3
, C
6
) (Equation [1]).
Maximum stress amplitude (C
4
) (Equation [2]).
Static bending moment (C
5
) (Equation [3]).

The DNV Guideline 14 boundary condition coefficients (C
1
to C
3
) are used to
determine the fundamental natural frequency (C
1
to C
3
) (Equation [4]).

Note that the pinned-fixed end condition is only available in DNV Guideline 14.
WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 4 of 9
Fundamental
Natural Frequency
+ + + =
2
3 4 1 1
1 1
D
C
P
S
L m
EI
CSF C f
cr
eff
eff e
Eqn [1]
Maximum Stress
Amplitude
( )
( )
2 4 /
1
eff
s
CF IL
L
E t D D
CSF C A

+ =
Eqn [2]
Static Bending
Moment
=
cr
eff
eff
static
P
S
L q
C M
1
2
5

Eqn [3]
Fundamental
Natural Frequency
( )

+
+ + =
2
2
3 2 4 1 0
1
s
eff
eff E
eff
E
eff
eff e
D
L
S C P
QL
C
P
S
C
L m
EI
C f Eqn [4]

As pinned-fixed boundary condition is only available in DNV Guideline 14, suitable
coefficients for pinned-fixed conditions in accordance with DNV RP-F105 were
deduced.
Deductions were made against the following:
Direct comparison between DNV guideline 14 and DNV RP-F105 coefficients.
Structural properties of elastic beams.
2.1.1. Boundary Condition C
1

By inspecting the pinned-pinned and fixed-fixed coefficients from both Guideline 14
and RP-F105, it can be seen that the C
1
coefficients are identical. This is shown in
Table 2-2.
Table 2-2
Comparison of C
1
Coefficients
C
1
, DNV GL14 C
1
, DNV RP-F105
Pinned-Pinned 1.57 1.57
Pinned-Fixed 2.45 NA
Fixed-Fixed 3.56 3.56
The C
1
pinned-fixed coefficient to DNV RP-F105 is hence taken as 2.45.
2

The coefficient C
2
is used in determining the free span natural frequency. The use of
the coefficient was examined and compared between the two codes. They are given in
Equations [5] and [6], shown as a function of the axial force term.
WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 5 of 9
Fundamental Natural Frequency
DNV RP-F105
( )
( )
=
2
F105 - RP 1
C P
S
f f
cr
eff
Eqn [5]
DNV Guideline 14
( )

=
E
eff
P
S
C f f
2 GL14 0
Eqn [6]

It can be seen that the coefficient C
2
has been inverted from being the numerator in
DNV Guideline 14 to the denominator in DNV RP-F105, as shown in Equation [7].
105 , 2
14 , 2
1
F
GL
C
C =
Eqn [7]
It is therefore expected that the coefficients in DNV RP-F105 will be the reciprocal of
those in DNV GL14. Indeed, this is true by inspecting the pinned-pinned and fixed-
fixed coefficients between the two codes, as shown in Table 2-3.
Table 2-3
Comparison of C
2
Coefficients
C
2
, DNV GL14 C
2
, DNV RP-F105
Pinned-Pinned 1.00 1.00 or
00 . 1
1

Pinned-Fixed 0.50 NA
Fixed-Fixed 0.25 4.0 or
25 . 0
1

The pinned-fixed C
2
coefficient is therefore concluded as 2.
3

The coefficient C
3
has been calibrated from C
6
. Refer to Section 2.1.6 for the
deduction of C
6
to DNV RP-F105 pinned-fixed condition.
C
3
is used in the determination of the free span natural frequency as shown in
Equations [8] and [9].
DNV RP-F105
( ) ( )
2
6 3 105
C f C f f
F RP
=
Eqn [8]
DNV Guideline 14
( )
3 14
C f f
GL
= Eqn [9]

From Equations [8] and [9], the relationship between C
3
(both codes) and C
6
(DNV RP-
F105) is shown in Equation [10]:
WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 6 of 9
2
105 , 3 14 , 3
105 , 6 F
C C C
F GL
=
Eqn [10]

3
C in DNV Guideline14 encompasses a range of values as per Table 1-2. The values
of C
3
to Guideline 14 at a given DNV RP-F105 C
3
value were calculated as per
Equations [11] and [12].
Pinned-Pinned Condition
4
2
14 , 3
10 36 . 1
384
5
8 . 0

=
=
GL
C Eqn [11]
Fixed-Fixed Condition
6
2
14 , 3
10 36 . 1
384
1
2 . 0

=
=
GL
C Eqn [12]

Noting the above,
14 , 3GL
C for the pinned-fixed coefficient should then be
5
10 36 . 1

,
being equidistance between the pinned-pinned and the fixed-fixed values.
Therefore, the
105 , 3 F
C pinned-fixed coefficient can be found from Equation [13]:
5 . 0
384
2
10 36 . 1
105 , 3
2
105 , 3
5
=
=

F F
C C Eqn [13]
4

In DNV RP-F105, C
4
is given in the maximum stress amplitude equation as shown in
Equation [14]:
( )
( )
2
4 /
1
eff
s
CF IL
L
E t D D
CSF C A

+ =
Eqn [14]
In other words, for a given L
eff
, Equation [15] applies:
Constant
4
/
=
C
A
CF IL

Eqn [15]

DNV Guideline 14 has provided a plot of the unit outer diameter maximum stress
amplitude for the various L
eff
/D ratio, as depicted in Figure 2-1.
In order to calibrate the appropriate value for C
4
under pinned-fixed condition
,
two
L
eff
/D points were selected from the graph. The corresponding S
A=1D
/C
1
2
values were
extracted. The values are presented in Table 2-4.
WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 7 of 9
Figure 2-1
Comparison of C
2
Coefficients

Table 2-4
Values Extracted from GL14 Unit Outer Diameter Max. Stress Amplitude Graph
L
eff
/D S
A=1D
/C
1
2
S
A=1D
S
A
/C
4
50 165 407 83
Pinned-Pinned
90 52 128 26
50 140 841 83
Pinned-Fixed
90 45 269 26
50 92 1165 83
Fixed-Fixed
90 30 377 26

The
4
/
C
A
CF IL
ratios are shown in Table 2-4. At a C
4
value of 10.2, the same
4
/
C
A
CF IL
ratio
can be obtained (as the pinned-pinned and the fixed-fixed end conditions).
5

The coefficient C
5
is related to the static bending moment as shown in Equation [16].
( ) term Correction
1
2
5
2
5
=
=
eff
cr
eff
eff
statc
L q C
P
S
L q
C M
Eqn [16]

The values of C
5
for the various DNV RP-F105 boundary conditions are given in Table
1-1.
WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 8 of 9
From Ref. [3], for an elastic straight beam subjected to a distributed load, the bending
moments are given by those listed in Table 2-5. By inspection, the pinned-pinned and
fixed-fixed coefficients used in Ref. [3] for bending moment correspond to the C
5

values given in DNV RP-F105.
C
5
for the pinned-fixed condition can therefore be found.
Table 2-5
Comparison of C
5
Coefficients
Boundary Condition
DNV RP-F105
C
5
Coefficient
Bending
Moment (Ref.
[3])
Corresponding
Coefficient
Pinned-Pinned 1/8
8
2
l w
M
a
= 1/8
Pinned-Fixed N/A
8
2
l w
M
a
= 1/8
Fixed-Fixed 1/12
12
2
l w
M
a
= 1/12
6

The coefficient C
6
is related to the static deflection as shown in Equation [17].
( )
( ) Term Correction
1
1
1
4
6
4
6
=
+
+
=
EI
qL
C
P
S CSF EI
qL
C
eff
cr
eff
eff

Eqn [17]

From Ref. [3], for an elastic straight beam subjected to a distributed load, the
maximum deflections are given by those listed in Table 2-6. By inspection, the pinned-
pinned and fixed-fixed coefficients used in Ref. [3] for bending moment correspond to
the C
6
values given in DNV RP-F105.
WOODSIDE ENERGY LTD

DRIMS-# Page 9 of 9
Table 2-6
Comparison of C
6
Coefficients
Boundary Condition
DNV RP-F105
C
6
Coefficient
Deflection (Ref.
[3])
Corresponding
Coefficient
Pinned-Pinned 5/384
EI
l w
y
a
384
5
4
= 5/384
Pinned-Fixed N/A
EI
l w
y
a
4
0054 . 0
=

2/384
Fixed-Fixed 1/384
EI
l w
y
a
384
4
= 1/384
3. REFERENCES
[1] DNV Recommended Practice, DNV RP-F105, Free Spanning Pipelines, 2006.
[2] DNV Guidelines, DNV GL-14, Free Spanning Pipelines, 1998.
[3] Young W. C., 1989, Roarks Formulas for Stress & Strain, 6
th
Edition. McGraw-Hill
Book company.

03 2359 03 P 3 004 Rev 3 Span Analysis Report

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SPAN ANALYSIS REPORT

03-2359-03-P-3-004 Page 2 of 25 Rev 3

: = Section 3.3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]

Hs , Tp , ( ) : = Section 3.3.5 Page 20 Ref. [1]

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

, CSF loc KPStep ( ) , V

: = Section 3.3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]

Hs , Tp , ( ) : = Section 3.3.5 Page 20 Ref. [1]

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

, CSF loc KPStep ( ) , V

: = Section 3.3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]

Hs , Tp , ( ) : = Section 3.3.5 Page 20 Ref. [1]

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

, CSF loc KPStep ( ) , V

: = Section 3.3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]

Hs , Tp , ( ) : = Section 3.3.5 Page 20 Ref. [1]

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

, CSF loc KPStep ( ) , V

:= Section 3.2.6 Page 19 Ref. [1]

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 3 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 1 , 3

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 0.7 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.5 , 0.7

< 1.001 < if

< 1.001 < if

< 1.001 < if

< 1.001 < if

0.5 > "" , "Influenced by Euler limit" ,

0.5 > "" , "Influenced by Euler limit" ,

0.5 > "" , "Influenced by Euler limit" ,

0.5 > "" , "Influenced by Euler limit" ,

, CSF loc KPStep ( ) , V

: = Section 3.3.3 Page 20 Ref. [1]

Hs , Tp , ( ) : = Section 3.3.5 Page 20 Ref. [1]

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 2

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.4 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.6 , 1.4

if R L x , ( ) 40 < 1.2 , if R L x , ( ) 160 > 0.8 , 1.2