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ARTIKEL - November 2004, Vol.1, No.2


Editorial

GIZI LEBIH SEBAGAI TANTANGAN BARU DAN IMPLIKASINYA
TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN NASIONAL
1,2

oleh : Hamam Hadi
PENDAHULUAN
Sebagai negara yang sedang berkembang dan sedang membangun, bangsa
Indonesia masih memiliki beberapa ketertinggalan dan kekurangan jika
dibandingkan negara lain yang sudah lebih maju. Di bidang kesehatan, bangsa
Indonesia masih harus berjuang memerangi berbagai macam penyakit infeksi
dan kurang gizi yang saling berinteraksi satu sama lain menjadikan tingkat
kesehatan masyarakat Indonesia tidak kunjung meningkat secara signifikan.
Ironisnya, di beberapa daerah lain atau pada sekelompok masyarakat Indonesia
yang lain terutama di kota-kota besar, masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama
justru dipicu dengan adanya kelebihan gizi; meledaknya kejadian obesitas di
beberapa daerah di Indonesia akan mendatangkan masalah baru yang
mempunyai konsekuensi-konsekuensi serius bagi pembangunan bangsa
Indonesia khususnya di bidang kesehatan. Pendek kata, masih tingginya
prevalensi kurang gizi di beberapa daerah dan meningkatnya prevalensi obesitas
yang dramatis di beberapa daerah yang lain akan menambah beban yang lebih
komplek dan harus dibayar mahal oleh bangsa Indonesia dalam upaya
pembangunan bidang kesehatan, sumberdaya manusia dan ekonomi.

1
Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta
2
Dipresentasikan pada pidato pengukuhan jabatan guru besar pada Fakultas
Kedokteran UGM, 5 Februari 2005, Yogyakarta

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AKTIVITAS FISIK PADA REMAJA SLTP KOTA YOGYAKARTA
DAN KABUPATEN BANTUL SERTA HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN
KEJADIAN OBESITAS

Emy Huriyati
1
, Hamam Hadi
1
, Madarina Julia
2
ABSTRACT
Background : The prevalence of obesity is markedly increasing, both in
developed and developing countries. Whether physical activity contributes to the
obesity in Indonesian adolescents is still unknown.
Objective. To assess whether physical activity is associated with obesity in junior
high school adolescents in Yogyakarta.
Methods. A case control study was conducted in Yogyakarta Province in 2003.
Subjects were 140 obese and 140 non-obese junior high school adolescents in
Yogyakarta and Bantul, randomly chosen from an obesity survey performed
previously. Pattern and duration of activity were assessed using IPAQ modified
questionnaire. The activities were than sorted into light (sedentary), moderate
and vigorous activities.
Results. There was significant difference in the distribution sedentary activity
between adolescents of Yogyakarta and Bantul (p<0,0001). The mean duration of
sedentary activity in Yogyakarta was 12.4 hours/day while in Bantul was 11.0
hours/day. Obese adolescents spent longer time in sedentary activity than non
obese adolescents (p=0.002). The odds of being obese in adolescent whose
sedentary activity was longer than 13 hours /day were almost doubled.
Conclusion. Urban adolescents spent more time for sedentary activities than
rural adolescents, so were obese adolescents. The association of sedentary
activities to obesity is independent from other factors such as calorie intake and
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parental obesity status.
Keyword : adolescent obesity, sedentary, physical activity

1
Program Studi Ilmu Gizi Kesehatan Fakultas Kedokteran UGM
2
Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak Fakultas Kedokteran UGM

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ASUPAN GIZI SEBAGAI FAKTOR RISIKO PENYAKIT INFARK
MIOKARD AKUT DI RUMAH SAKIT SANGLAH DENPASAR

P P Sri Sugiani
1
, Hamam Hadi
2
, I D P Pramantara
3
ABSTRACT
Background :Coronary heart disease especially acute myocardial infarction
(AMI) is one of the main cause of death even in the developing countries.
Coronary heart disease has been reported to be associated with high intakes of
some nutrients.
Objective : the study conducted to understand the role of nutrient intake as risk
factors of AMI in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar
Methods : A case control study was conducted in district of Denpasar in 2003.
Cases were people who had AMI and hospitalized in Sanglah Hospital. Each
case had two controls one of which was hospitalized patient with no AMI and the
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second was taken from the case-neighboring household. Controls were
sex-and-age matched with cases. Data on nutrient intakes of cases and controls
were collected using food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data of lipids profile
were collected by a chemical analyst. Data on nutrient intakes were analised
using food processor II (FP II). Multiple logistic regression models were used to
examine whether nutrient intakes were risk factors of AMI
Result : this study showed that people who had energy intake from fat more than
30% of the total energy were 12 times (OR=12, 95 % CI : 2,71 53) more likely
to have AMI than those with energy intake < 30%. People with high natrium
intake were 9 times (OR=9, 95% CI= 1.8-43.4) more likely to have AMI than
those with low natrium intake. People with LDL/HDL ratio more than 3 were 7
times (OR=7, 95% CI= 1.4 3.7) more likely to have AMI than those with
LDL/HDL ratio less than 3.
Conclusion : High fat and natrium intakes and high LDL/ HDL ratio appeared to
be risk factors of AMI.
Key words : AMI, risk factors, nutrition intake, LDL/HDL ratio

1
Jurusan Gizi Poltekes Denpasar
2
FK UGM Yogyakarta
3
RS dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta

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PREVALENSI OBESITAS DAN HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI FAST
FOOD DENGAN KEJADIAN OBESITAS PADA REMAJA SLTP
KOTA DAN DESA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

Mahdiah
1
, Hamam Hadi
2
, Susetyowati
3
ABSTRACT
Background :The improvement in socieconomic status has led to sadentary life
style and more fast food consumption. Whether fast food consumption
contributes to obesity in Indonesian adolescentss remains unclear.
Objective : The study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of obesity and to
assess the association between fast food consumption and obesity in junior high
school students.
Study Design : A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2003 to estimate the
prevalence of obesity in adolescent students of Yogyakarta Special Province.
Subjects of this survey were junior high school students from urban (n= 4747)
and rural areas (n=4602) were included in this survey. To further analyze the
association between food consumption and obesity, a sample of 140 obese (of
460 obese students) and 140 non obese students (of 8889 non obese students)
was randomly selected. Data on fast food consumption were collected using
Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) method from the selected obese and non
obese sample.
Result : The prevalence of obesity among adolescent students was 7.9% in urban
and 2% in rural areas. There was a significant difference in variety, quantity, and
frequency of fast food consumption per month and hereby energy intake from fast
food between obese and non obese adolescent students (p<0,05).
Conclusion : The prevalence of obesity in urban area was much higher than
that in rural area. Obese students consumed fast food more frequently and more
variably than non obese students.
Key Words : obesity, fast food, rural,urban

1
Poltekes Medan
2
Medicine Faculty of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.
3
Medicine Faculty of Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta.
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PENGARUH ALAT PENYAJIAN DISPOSABLE TERHADAPSISA
MAKANAN PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INAPRSUP Dr. KARIADI
SEMARANG

Tiurma Heryawanti P
1
, Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono
2
, and Toto Sudargo
2
ABSTRACT
Background :Food service success relates to patient plate waste. Patient plate
waste in Indonesia Hospitals could be more than 25%. Cause of patient plate
waste in Hospital is lack of food and equipment quality. Almost of 32,8% patients
in 10 hospitals model in Indonesia clarify that appearance, cleanliness, and
equipment are good.
Objective : The aims of theses research was to identify the effect of serving
utensils and the other factors to the plate waste.
Methods : This was a Quasi Experiment study using pre posttest with control.
Study subject consisted of 45 patients in the treatment group and 45 patients in
the control group. Data were analyzed descriptively and whereas t- test, Fisher
Exact test, Chi- Square were performed to differentiate the proportions and
means in two groups. The effect of several variables on plate waste was
calculated using logistic regression on analysis.
Result : This study showed that no significant difference of taste, appearance,
attitude of the staff who serve meals, service timeliness, kind of food, kind of
diseases and environment to patient plate waste (p > 0,05). There was no
significant effected of the serving disposable utensils on patient plate waste (p >
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0,005).
Conclusion : The type of serving disposable utensils was no a significant factor
effected the plate waste.
Keywords : Serving utensils, patient plate waste.

1
RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang.
2
Pasca Sarjana IKM, Fakultas Kedokteran UGM, Yogyakarta.

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EFFECT OF NUTRITION EDUCATION FOR MOTHER ON THE
FOOD CONSUMPTION AND NUTRION STATUS OF THE CHILDREN
THAT INFECTED BY PRIMARY TUBERCOLUSIS AT DOKTER
KARIADI HOSPITAL SEMARANG

Tatik Mulyati
1
, Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono
2
, and Toto Sudargo
2
ABSTRACT
Background :Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that persists as a public
health problem in Indonesia. The tuberculosis infected to the under 5-years
old-children namely primary tuberculosis, could decrease the childrens immunity
eventually causes death, which were 100.000 death rate 75% are childrens.
condition of childrens health were deeply depending on the quality and quantity
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of their food consumption. An adequate consumption is needed to increase their
nutrition status. To improve the maternal behavior of childrens food consumption,
it is necessary to give nutritional education.
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of nutritional
education on the food consumption and nutrition status of the under 5-years
old-children that infected by primary tuberculosis.
Research Method : The research was an experimental research using
randomized controlled trial method. The subject was 1 to 5-year(s) old-children
those who infected by primary tuberculosis at Unit Rawat Jalan RSUP Dokter
Kariadi Semarang. Two groups chosen by randomized got different treatments,
i.e. availability and unavailability of nutritional education. Each group was asked
to come to Poliklinik Paru Anak every two-weeks for two months (4 times). The
food consumption data was collected by multiple recall before treatment and after
research. The nutrition status was determined by weight per age and weight per
height of Z-Score WHO NCHS.
Result : The result of this study showed that after the nutritional education
issued, the energy consumption average of children has increase 18.18% from
necessity and the protein consumption average of children has increase 21.39%
from necessity. There was a significant effect of nutritional education on
increasing protein consumption of under 5-years old-children that was infected by
primary tuberculosis (p<0.05). It was also showed that the Z-Score increasing
(weight per age and weight per height) of children in treatment-group was higher
than the control-group.
Conclusion : Nutritional education has a significant effect on increasing protein
consumption of under 5-years old-children that was infected by primary
tuberculosis (p<0,05), or there is increasing of protein consumption about
21,39%.
Keywords : Nutritional Education, Primary Tuberculosis, Food Consumption, and
Nutrition Status.

1
RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang
2
Pascasarjana IKM, Fakultas Kedokteran UGM, Yogyakarta.

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