Olson United States History

Unit 2 Identifications: Expansion and Reform

For each of the following write one sentence that defines the term, followed by one or two
sentences that EXPLAINS THE SIGNIFICANCE of each term (why it is important in context of the
unit.) Please take note of the different due dates for each set of IDs! All sets will be submitted
through Turn It In.
DUE via Turn It In.com: WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 1
1. Federalism A political concept in which a group of members is bound together with a
governing representative head.
2. Republic A form of government where the power lies with the people. Government is
ruled by elected leaders rather than inherited or appointed.
3. Articles of Confederation A document signed by the 13 original colonies that
established the United States of America as a confederation. It was Americas first
constitution.
4. Federalist Those who favor stronger national government and supported the
proposed U.S. Constitution.
5. Anti- federalist Those who oppose stronger national government. They support State
over government.
6. Louisiana Purchase The acquisition by the United States of America in 1803 of 828,000
square miles of France's claim to the territory of Louisiana.
7. Monroe Doctrine Stating that efforts by European countries to colonize land or
interfere with US states would be seen as acts of aggression requiring US intervention.
8. Jeffersonian republicanism Decentralized power, cut government spending and taxes.
New pattern of Southern dominance, Northern Federalist influence declines.
9. Trail of Tears Forced march of 15,000 Cherokee Indians from their Georgia and
Alabama homes to Indian Territory. Some 4,000 Cherokee died on the journey.
10. Missouri Compromise Henry Clay of Kentucky made a compromise to leave Missouri a
slave state, but Maine had to be a free state. No more slavery in the rest of the
Louisiana purchase above the line 36 30.
11. Jacksonian democracy The political movement towards greater democracy for the
common man symbolized by Andrew Jackson and his supporters
12. Manifest destiny The widely held belief in the US that American settlers were
destined to expand throughout the continent.
13. Oregon Trail A 2,200 Mile wagon route and emigrant trail that connected the Missouri
River to Oregon. It was laid by fur trappers and traders and was only passable on foot or
by horseback
14. Market revolution A drastic change in how manual labor was conducted in the US.
This development was marked by improvements in how goods were processed as well
as by a transformation of how labor was organized to process trade goods for
consumption.
15. Free enterprise An economic system where few restrictions are placed on business
activities and ownership. This system aims for limited restrictions on trade and minimal
government intervention.
16. Transcendentalism A religious and philosophical movement that was developed in the
Eastern region of the United States as a protest against the general state of spirituality.
They believe that organized religion and political parties will corrupt an individual, and
that people are at their best when they are self-reliant.
17. Judicial review The doctrine under which legislative and/or executive actions are
subject to review and possible invalidation by the judiciary.
18. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa
de Guadalupe Hidalgo between the U.S. and Mexico that ended the Mexican-American
War.
19. Seneca Falls Convention The first womens rights convention. It advertised itself as "a
convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman"
20. James Monroe The fifth President of the United States. He was the last president who
was a Founding Father of the United States. Created the Monroe Doctrine.
21. Andrew Jackson The seventh President of the United States. Founded the Democratic
Party.
22. Samuel F.B. Morse An American painter and inventor. He contributed to the invention
of a single-wire telegraph system and was a co-developer of the Morse Code and helped
to develop the commercial use of telegraphy.
23. Nat Turner An African-American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August
21, 1831 known as Turners Rebellion. It resulted in 60 white deaths and the whites
responded with at least 200 black deaths. Turner was convicted, sentenced to death,
and hanged.
24. Frederick Douglass An African-American social reformer, orator, writer, and
statesman. He became a leader of the abolitionist movement. He also stood as a living
counter-example to slaveholders arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity
to function as independent American citizens.
25. Elizabeth Cady Stanton An American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of
the early Womens Rights Movement.
26. Ralph Waldo Emerson An American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the
Transcendentalist Movement of the mid-19
th
century. He was seen as a champion of
individualism
27. Sojourner Truth An African-American abolitionist and Womens Rights activist. During
the Civil War, she helped recruit black troops for the Union Army.
28. Meriwether Lewis and William Clark Lewis and Clark are best known for their
expedition from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Coast and back. The primary
objective was to explore and map the new territory and establish an American presence
in the territory before Britain and other European powers tried to claim it.