CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. General description of Ing Construction
The '-ing' form of the verb may be a present participle or a gerund. The form is identical,
the difference is in the function, or the job the word does in the sentence.
1. Gerunds
Gerunds are verbal that function as nouns and have an ing ending. Since gerunds
are derived from verbs and have an ing ending, they do express action. However,
because gerunds function as nouns, they occupy slots traditionally held by nouns in
sentences such as subjects, direct objects and objects of prepositions. Gerunds may
occur as one word, or they may be part of a gerund phrase.
2. Present Participle
A Participle is a form of a verb which is used in a sentence to modify a noun or noun
phrase, and thus plays a role similar to that of an adjective or adverb.Present
participles have an ing ending.


















CHAPTER II
CONTENT

A. Ing Construction Translation
1. Gerunds Translation
Use appropriate gerunds in the following sentences.
a. The Simple Gerund
The gerund is the ing form of the verb used as a noun. Notice that the gerund
has the same form as the present participle. However, it functions differently in
the sentences. It is always a noun and can function in any noun position.
Gerund, functioning as subject (Nouns)
If a sentences begins with (verb + ing) (Gerund), the verb must also be
singular.
Examples :
1) Traveling is my most Favorite summer activity.
2) Fishing is Fun
3) Dieting is very popular today.
4) Not studying has caused him many problems.
5) Washing with a special cream is recommended for scalp infections.
6) Being cordial is one of his greatest assets.
7) Writing letter for her boyfriend make her happy
8) Jogging is very good for the body.
9) Smoking is prohibited in the hospital.
10) Kissing her boyfriend is wrong
Gerund, functioning as direct object
Examples :
1) James enjoys swimming
2) The Moreno family loves cooking for relatives.
3) Johns favorite outdoor activity is skiing
4) Joel and Patrice enjoy dancing
5) Patrice enjoys camping.
6) I like fishing

Gerund, functioning as object of preposition
Examples :
1) You will get good grades by studying.
2) Joseph hoped to obtain a job by learning the welding trade.
3) I am able to earn money by working in the campus library.
4) I am tired of arguing.
5) Wanda will go to the Borobudur Temple after working.
6) Kate insisted on coming with us.
7) We talked about going to Canada for our vacation.
8) Sue is in charge of organizing the meeting.
9) Im interested in learning more about your work.
10) Alice isnt interested in looking for a new job.

b. The Gerund Phrase
While a gerund functions as a noun, it also retains some of the characteristics of
a verb. Although it may have adjective modifiers like a noun (usually before it),
it may also have adverbial modifiers like a verb (usually after it). If a noun or
pronoun precedes a gerund, it must be in the possessive, or adjectival, form. In
this section and the next, the gerund phrase is italicized.
The verb in a gerund phrase is reduced to participial form. All participial forms
may function as gerunds except the ed past participle : the most common form,
however, is the ing present participle.
The subject of a gerund may be found in another part of the sentences or it
may be understood. A subject that is contained within the gerund phrase takes
inflected possessive form, prepositional form, or unchanged form. The object
of a gerund is unchanged or is contained within an of phrase. By means of such
changes in the nominal elements of a simple sentence, these elements may be
strung along after the verb as prepositional phrases. Thus, the simple sentence
The hunters shot the birds can become the gerund phrase the shooting of the
birds (original object) by the hunters (original Subject).
These changes from subject predicate form also permit the gerund phrase to be
embedded as a noun within another predication The shooting of the birds by
the hunters caused her great distress. The gerund functions as noun head of the
gerund phrase, the transformed subject and object as adjectival modifiers.
Gerund phrase, functioning as subject
While a gerunds functions as a noun, it also retains some of the
Examples :
1) Eating on the run is one of the most unhealthy American habits.
2) Going on a cruise and climbing Mt. Rushmore were Rachels summer
vacation plans.
3) Watching the birds is one of Mr. Martins hobbies.
4) Working out daily should be an essential part of American life.
5) Her cleaning the house every day is not necessary.
6) Listening to the radio is good practice in understanding English.

Gerund phrase, functioning as direct object
Examples :
1) The teacher simply cannot excuse sleeping during class.
2) Her husband appreciates her cleaning the house every day.
3) Dyra enjoys camping in the mountains.
4) When Beth got tired, she stopped studying the participle phrase in
English.
5) I appreciate Arianas going to the hospital with me.
6) We finished eating around seven.
7) The Wilsons attended camping in Yellowstone National Park last
summer.

Gerund phrase, functioning as object of preposition
Examples :
1) We found the keys by looking on the ground next to the car.
2) Her husband insist on her cleaning the house every day.
3) I am tired of arguing with my advisor.
4) Ken went to bed instead of finishing his work.
5) Pat turned off the tape recorder by pushing the stop button.
6) Connie has developed a method for evaluating this problem.
7) We are interested in seeing this film.
8) He spoke of the necessity of hiring more man.
c. Time temporal
Three passengers are waiting for the flight. (Tiga penumpang sedang
menunggu penerbangan).
Andrew was struck by a car when crossing the street. (Andrew ditabrak
mobil saat menyebrangi jalan).
We finished eating around six. (Kami selesai makan sekitar jam enam).
I enjoy myself at the time of playing. (Saya menikmati pada waktu
bermain).
Visiting my uncle was my decision. (Mengunjungi pamanku adalah
keputusanku).
d. Consessive
Although hiking is difficult but I like it. (Meskipun berjalan kaki sulit tapi
aku menyukainya).
Even though he knew that smoking is not good for health but he still do it.
(Meskipun dia mengetahui bahwa merokok itu tidak baik untuk kesehatan
dia tetap saja melakukannya).
Instead of cooking noodles, we ordered a pizza. (Daripada memasak mie,
kami memesan pizza).
I do not deny his speaking well although I hate him. (Saya tidak
menyangkal pembicaraannya baik walaupun saya membencinya).
Although swimming is very good for the body I dont like it. (Meskipun
berenang sangat bagus untuk tubuh aku tidak menyukainya).
e. Cause and effect
Listening to my voice will make your eyelids feel heavy. (Mendengarkan
suaraku akan membuat kelopak matamu terasa berat).
Lying on that cozy bed makes me fall asleep. (Berbaring di tempat tidur
yang nyaman itu membuatku tertidur).
You will get good grades by studying. (Kamu akan mendapat nilai baik
dengan belajar).
The baby is crying because shes hungry. (Bayi masih menangis karena dia
lapar).
Because of an exploding gas pippe several homes burned down. (Karena
ledakan pipa gas beberapa rumah terbakar).
f. Conditional
If the sun were shining, I would go to the beach. (Jika matahari bersinar,
aku akan pergi ke pantai).
We would be able to go sailing if the wind were blowing. (Kita akan bisa
berlayar jika ada angin bertiup).
He would probably be sitting in front of his computer by now. (Dia
mungkin sedang duduk didepan komputernya sekarang).
If I were waiting there next week when he gets off the plane, he would be
totally surprised. (Jika saya menunggu dia disana minggu depan saat dia
turun dari pesawat, dia akan sangat terkejut).
If I were in Hawaii, I would be lying on the beach. (Jika saya di Hawaii,
saya akan berbaring di pantai).

2. Present Participles Translation
A participle is usually formed by adding ing to a verb.
a. The Simple Participle
The Present Participle (the ing form of the verb) may be used in sentences as
adjective modifiers. It may modify nouns occurring in any position in the
sentences.
It functions as an adjectives.
The present participle [verb + ing] is used as an adjective when the noun it
modifiers performs or is responsible for an action. The verb is usually
intransitive (it doesnt take an object) and the verb form of the sentence is
the progressive (continuous) aspect.
Examples :
1) The singing bird was the main attraction at the event.
2) The running water provided a picturesque view.
3) The sewing machine is out of order.
4) The crying baby woke Mr. Binion.
5) The purring kitten snuggled close the fireplace.
6) The blooming flowers in the meadow created a rainbow of colors.


b. The Present Participle Phrases
A present participle phrase (one containing a [verb + ing] without auxiliaries)
can be used to join two sentences with a common subject. When the two phrases
do not share a common subject, we call the present participle phrase an illogical
present participle modifier. Actually, the subject of the present participle phrase
is understood rather than explicit.
The present participle phrase represents the predicate part of a sentence
beginning with the verb in reduced ing form. The subject of a present
participle phrase is usually a noun or pronoun in the main clause (or in a
dependent clause).
For example :
1) After jumping out of the boat, the man was bitten by a shark.
2) After preparing the dinner, Michelle will read a book.
3) By working a ten hour day for four days, we can have a long weekend.
4) While reviewing for the test, Marcia realized that she had forgotten to study
the use of participial phrases.
5) The boy studying his lesson is the teachers son.
6) The boy wearing the red shirt is Jerry We
c. Time temporal
I was hoping to meet James, but by the time I arrive he will have gone
home. (Saya berharap untuk bertemu James, tapi waktu saya datang dia
akan pulang kerumah).
I saw him going out with the other girl last night.(Kemarin malam saya
melihat dia berkencan dengan gadis lain).
I was doing my homework when he called me. (Saya sedang mengerjakan
pekerjaan rumah saya ketika dia memanggil saya).
He saw me jogging this morning. (Dia melihat saya lari pagi pagi ini)
Having arrived at the mountain, the men stopped. (Setelah tiba di gunung,
laki-laki itu berhenti).
d. Contessive
Although it was raining, he walked to the station. (Meskipun hujan, dia
berjalan ke stasiun).
Even though hes having enough money, he refused to buy a new car.
(Meskipun dia memiliki uang yang cukup, dia menolak untuk membeli
mobil baru).
In spite of earning low salary, Sara helped her parents. (Meskipun
mendapatkan gajirenadah, Sara membantu keduaorang tuanya).
Kate did not well in the exam in spite of working very hard. (Kate tidak
berhasil dalam ujian meskipun dia bekerja keras).
He went on working despite feeling unwell. (Dia pergi bekerja meskipun
sedang tidak enak badan).
e. Cause and effect
The cause of global warming is pollution. (Penyebab pemanasan global
adalah polusi).
Hes riding too fast so he got an accident. (Dia berkendara terlalu laju
sehingga dia mengalami kecelakaan).
He was sleeping in the class so he gets punished. (Dia tidur dikelas
sehingga dia dihukum).
Patricia loves studying so shes brilliant. (Patricia sangat suka belajar jadi
dia sangat pintar).
We were talking to her to explain what really happened so she wont get
mad. (Kami berbicara kepadanya untuk menjelaskan apa yang sebenarnya
terjadi agar dia tidak marah).
f. Conditional
Being busy, I ignored him. (Menjadi sibuk, aku mengabaikannya).
Eating a lot of hamburgers, can make you fat. (Memakan banyak
hamburger, bisa membuatmu gemuk.)
Watching news channel, gives me the latest information. (Menonton
saluran berita, memberiku informasi terbaru).
The breaking dishes made a mess in the kitchen. (Piring yang pecah di
dapur membuat dapur berantakan).
Taking too many aspirins is dangerous. (Meminum terlalu banyak aspirin
berbahaya).


CHAPTER III
CONCLUSION

After learn the ing form construction above, so we can get conclusion about there are
two kinds of the ing form construction are Gerunds and Present Participle.
Gerunds are verbs that act or function as nouns. In other words, they are noun-like
verbs. In English, these are some of the examples of words and phrases that are usually
followed by gerunds: go, love, mind, enjoy, avoid, suggest, discuss, mention, complain about,
dream about, think about, talk about, (be) worried about, (be) excited about, apologize for,
(be) responsible for, believe in, succeed in, (be) interested in, look forward to, (be) capable
of, instead of, take advantage of, take care of, insist on, in addition to, (be) committed to,
object to, (be) used to, (be) opposed to, (be) accustomed to, prevent from, prohibit from, stop
from.
In Gerunds there are two discussion are the simple gerund and the gerund phrase. In the
simple gerund and the gerund phrase it function as a subject (Noun), direct object and object
of preposition.
And then Present Participle is one of the two types of participle in English (forms such
as writing, singing and raising; these same forms also serve as gerunds and verbal nouns).
The present participle is used as an adjective when the noun it modifiers performs or is
responsible for an action.