PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL EXPERIMENTAL REPORT EXAMINATION OF

SUBSTANCES AND QUALITY OF CONCRETE

MODULE E
CONCRETE COMPRESIVE STRENGTH TEST


KELOMPOK 31
Danny Tirta Winata 1306437025
Sabrina Nurul Hidayah 1306437145
Daniel Andiga Wibisana 1306437076
Ahmad Haekal 1306437151


Date of Experiment : 28 October, 4 November, and 11 November 2013
Experiment Assistant : Suryo Wijiono
Date of Approval :
Score :
Assistants Signature :

LABORATORY OD STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK 2013
CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

I. Objective
This experimental work is intended to determine the concrete compressive strength in
cylindrical and cubical form that is made and cured in the lab. Concrete compressive
strength is force in a unit area that can damage the concrete specimen.

II. Material
Concrete specimen (cylinder and cubical) from Experiment D. 4

III. Apparatus
1. Cylindrical mold with 15 cm of diameter and 30 cm of height.
2. Tamper with 16 mm of diameter, 60 cm of length with rounded-end in anti-corrosive
metal.
3. Concrete mixer or water proof mixer for mixing of the concrete.
4. Scale /balance with 0,3% of sample weight accuracy.
5. Compressive testing machine with certain capacity as needed.
6. One set of capping equipment.
7. Extra tools: bucket/container, shovel, spoon, grader spoon, and tray/salver.
8. One set of concrete slump test equipment.
9. One set of density of concrete test equipment.

IV. Procedure
1. Preparation of the test
a. Take the specimens of the soaking tub one day before the testing time; clean it
from any dirt using a humid cloth.
b. On the next day, measure the weight and the dimension of the specimen.
c. For cylindrical concrete specimens, cap its upper and lower part using sulfur
mortar as follows:
i. Melt the sulfur mortar in melting pot until 130C of temperature. Pour the
liquid sulfur onto capping plate which is already polished by oil or fat. Put
the specimen perpendicularly vertical to the plate until the liquid sulfur
harden. Using the same method, do the capping process for the other part.
ii. Leave it dry around 1 hour until sulfur layer is dried well. The specimen is
ready to be tested.
2. Concrete compressive test
a. Install the specimen perpendicularly centrically vertical in the compressive test
machine.
b. Turn the compressive machine on, use the constant increment load around 2-4
kg/cm
2
per second.
c. Perform the loading until the specimen is damaged and record the maximum load
occurred during the test.
d. Observe the cracking pattern, compare the Figure E.1 bellow.

V. Observation and Data Calculation

)

Where:
P = maximum load (kg)
A= concrete cross section (cm
2
)

Maximum load of cylinder concrete (day 3, 7, and 14): 17.500 kg, 11.500 kg, and 15.000 kg
Maximum load of cubic concrete (day 3, 7, and 14): 13.000 kg, 17.500 kg, and 19.000 kg

Cross section of cylinder: A = (7.5
2
) = 176.71 cm
2
Cross section of cubic: A = 1515 = 225 cm
2


All the final results have to be converted to MPa (Megapascal). 1MPa = 10.197 kg/cm
2
. So using
the formula above and the conversion factor,
Concrete compressive strengths of cylinder on:
Day 3 =

Day 7 =

Day 14 =

Concrete compressive strengths of cubic on:
Day 3 =

Day 7 =

Day 14 =

VI. Experimental Analysis
i. Analysis of Experiment
This experiment is done to determine the compressive strength of the concretes that have
been made from Module D.4. There are 2 types of concrete that are made; cylinder and
cubic concrete. The cylinder has a diameter of 15 cm and height of 30 cm and the cubic
has a side length of 15 cm. There are 3 cylinder concrete and 3 cubic concrete. There are
3 tests taken for each type of concrete. The first test is taken after 3 days of making the
concrete, the second test is after 7 days, and the third test is after 14 days. Before every
test, one cylinder and one cubic concrete are taken out of the pool 24 hours before the
test. On the test day, the cylinder always has to be capped at the top part with sulfur
mortar. The bottom of the cylinder already has a flat surface. The top part has to be flat
because the cross section area has to have a flat surface to be compressed with the
compressive test machine. The cubic does not need a capping because it has 2 opposite
flat surfaces already. After that, the weights of the cylinder and cubic are measured and
recorded. Then the cylinder and cubic are put in the compressive test machine one by
one. The compressive test machine measures the maximum load of the concrete. When
the concrete is damaged or starts to crack, then the maximum load has been reach and the
number is then recorded. The maximum load is measured in kilograms, but later it is
converted to MPa. After all the data is collected, the compressive strength of the concrete
can be determined.

ii. Result Analysis
The tables below show the data collected based on the age of both cylinder and cubic
concrete, which are 3 days, 7 days, and 14 days. The weight of the concrete is measured
on the test day. The maximum load is attained from the compressive test machine. The
compressive strength is calculated using the formula, P/A. The density is calculated by
dividing the weight of the concrete by the volume of it. The cross section area of the
concrete is the area or surface that will be compress by the machine. So for the cylinder,
it is the area of the circle (r
2
) and for the cubic, it is the area of one of the base (ss). The
desired unit for the compressive strength is MPa (Megapascal). So the results have to be
converted from kg/cm
2
to Megapascal. Conversion: 1 MPa = 10.197 kg/cm
2
. To get to
MPa, all the results in kg/cm
2
have to be divided by 10.197 to get to MPa.

Cylinder Concrete
Diameter = 15 cm, Height = 30 cm, Volume = 5301.44 cm
3

Age of
Specimen
(days)
Weight of
specimen
(kg)
Maximum
Load (kg)
Cross
Section
Area (cm
2
)
Density
(kg/cm
3
)
Compressive
Strength
(kg/cm
2
)
Compressive
Strength
(MPa)
3 11.520 11,500 176.71 2.17310
-3
65.08 6.38
7 11.462 15,000 176.71 2.16210
-3
84.89 8.32
14 11.453 17,500 176.71 2.16010
-3
99.03 9.71

Cubic Concrete
Side length = 15 cm, Height = 15 cm, Volume = 3375 cm
3

Age of
Specimen
(days)
Weight of
Specimen
(kg)
Maximum
Load (kg)
Cross
Section
Area (cm
2
)
Density
(kg/cm
3
)
Compressive
Strength
(kg/cm
2
)
Compressive
Strength
(MPa)
3 7.282 13,000 225 2.15810
-3
57.78 5.67
7 7.328 17,500 225 2.17110
-3
77.78 7.63
14 7.282 19,000 225 2.15810
-3
84.44 8.28

For both the cylinder and cubic concrete, the compressive strength increases as the age of the
concrete increases. This means, that the concretes gained strength over time.

iii. Error Analysis
1. Students did not take the specimen 24 hours before the test. The specimens were
taken out of the water around 12 hours before the test, so the specimens were not
ready or dried enough to be tested.

VII. Conclusion
The objective of this experiment is to calculate the compressive strength of the concrete
that we made from Module D. 4. The tests are done at 3 different times; on day 3, 7, and 14. For
the cylinder concrete, the compressive strengths are 6.38 MPa, 8.32 MPa, and 9.71 MPa.And for
the cubic concrete, the compressive strengths achieved are 5.57 MPa, 7.63 MPa, and 8.28 MPa.
According to Module D.1, Concrete Mix Design Calculation, the desired compressive strength is
25 MPa after 28 days. But the compressive strength that is achieved after 14 days for the cylinder
is 9.71 MPa and for the cubic it is 8.28 MPa. It is evident that the compressive strength of the
concrete is increasing as the age increases.

VIII. References
American Society for Testing and Materials. Standards Test Method for Compressive
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, No. ASTM C 139/C 39M 047.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.

PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL EXPERIMENTAL REPORT EXAMINATION OF
SUBSTANCES AND QUALITY OF CONCRETE

MODULE F
TENSION TEST FOR REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STEEL BAR


KELOMPOK 31
Danny Tirta Winata 1306437025
Sabrina Nurul Hidayah 1306437145
Daniel Andiga Wibisana 1306437076
Ahmad Haekal 1306437151


Date of Experiment :November, 2013
Experiment Assistant : Suryo Wijiono
Date of Approval :
Score :
Assistants Signature :

LABORATORY OD STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTEMENT
ENGINEERING FACULTY
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK 2013
TENSION TEST FOR REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STEEL BAR

I. Objective
This examination is intended to determine the tensile strength of concrete steel bar.
Concrete tensile steel strength is a tensile stress per unit cross-sectional area which causes
concrete steel broke.

II. Material
1. Shape and size of specimen:
Specimen is called proportional experimental rod, or simply as dp. Proportional
experimental rod is a rod with the same ratio between L
o
and the cross sectional area S
0
.
L
o
is expressed in:

Where:
L
o
= initial measured length.
S
o
= the minimum initial cross sectional area.
The value of k is as follow:
For proportional experimental rod dp5, k = 5,65 so L
o
= 5,65

or L
o
= 5d
For proportional experimental rod dp10, k = 11,3 so L
o
= 11,3

or L
o
= 11,3d
1. If the cross sectional area of the specimen does not exceed the capacity of tension
machine, specimen could be tested directly without modifying its form and size, as
described in figure F.1a and list No.1.
2. If the cross sectional area of the specimen exceeds the capacity of tension machine,
specimen should be modified, its form and size with lathe machine, as described in figure
F.1b and list No.2

III. Apparatus
1. Tensile testing machine, which must have the following requirements:
a. The machine should be able to pull tensile test rod with uniform and adjustable
speed, so the increase speed of stress do not exceed 1 kg/mm2 per second.
b. Accuracy of readings should be up to 1/10 of maximum load according to the
pointer scale of tensile testing machine.
2. Shear measurement tools
3. Steel cutting tools
4. Etcher for the steel rod
5. Lathe machine if necessary

IV. Procedure
1. Fix the two ends of specimen with h handle (see Figure F.1 a and b) at the fixer of tension
steel machine. The axis of the mixer must be inclined with the axe of the specimen.
2. Pull the specimen using 1 kg/mm
2
per second of tension speed and observe the increase
of the load and strain occurred until the specimen breaks.

V. Observation and Data Calculation
1. Determine maximum load P (kg).
2. Determine load at strain limit Q (kg).
3. Determine S
u
if necessary.

Determine:
Tension strength,

)
Strain Limit,

) for soft steel

Strain,

Contraction,

0,2 Strain limit,

) for hard steel

Data collected:
Type of steel bar: Plain (Polos)
d = 10 mm
L
o
= 26 cm
L
u
= 30 cm
S
o
= 1/4d = 78.5 mm
2

S
u
= 38.46 mm
2
P = 39,000 kg
Q = 26,000 kg

Tension strength,

Strain Limit,

Strain,

Contraction,

Strain Limit,

Type of steel bar: Screw (Ulir)
d = 13 mm
L
o
= 26 cm
L
u
= 29.7 cm
S
o
= 1/4d = 132.73 mm
2

S
u
= 63.62 mm
2
P = 84,000 kg
Q = 62,000 kg

Tension strength,

Strain Limit,

Strain,

Contraction,

Strain Limit,

1. Method to determine the strain limit
Strain limit can be determined if:
During the observation, temporary stop of the needle scale load pointer occurred
In tension test graph, folding is occurred.
2. Method to determine the 0,2 % of strain limit
Determine the strain c from the tension test graph
Determine the strain after breaking point
Determine the 0,2 % of strain as follow:
0,2 =

mm
Draw a parallel line to modulus AB line, at distance 0,2 =

mm from A. The
intersection between this line and the graph show the 0,2 strain limit.

Note:
Symbol and Notation
d = diameter of steel rod
L
o
= initial length (mm)
L
o
+2 = length of the cylindrical part of the rod section
L
1
= length of the entire specimen rod (mm)
S
o
= smallest initial cross-sectional area from cylindrical part (cm
2
)
L
u
= length of the rod after experiment (mm)
S
u
= smallest initial cross-sectional area after the breaking of the rod (mm
2
)
P = maximum load (kg)
Q =the load on strain limit (kg)
L
u
-L
o
=constant strain after breaking (mm)
= strain
= contraction

B
= tensile strength (kg/mm
2
)

V
= strain limit (kg/mm
2
)

0.2
= 0,2 strain limit (kg/mm
2
)
d
p
= proportional limit of the experiment
d
p
with value = proportional limit of the experiment that shows the ratio of 40/d

VI. Experimental Analysis
iv. Analysis of Experiment

v. Result Analysis
vi. Error Analysis

VII. Conclusion

VIII. References
American Society for Testing and Materials. Standards Test Method for Compressive
Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens, No. ASTM C 139/C 39M 047.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.