CRP 6 Lab Activity Quiz

Questions:
1. Please explain about scale of measurements!
2. Please explain about dependent and independent variable!
3. Please explain about paired and unpaired/independent observation!
Provide your answer with examples!
4. Please explain about the research hypothesis!
5. Please explain about null and alternative hypothesis!
Please provide youre answer with examples!
6. Please explain about parametric and non-parametric tests!
7. Lets suppose you have a variable with numerical (continuous) scale of measurement. How
do you know that the distribution of the data is normal?

Case I
Age at menarche (age of starting menstrual periods) is an important risk factor for breast cancer
and possibly ovarian cancer. In general, women with earlier age at menarche have a higher
incidence of breast cancer. The long-term trend in developed countries is that age at menarche
has been declining over the past 50 years. One hypothesis is that women with higher childhood
socioeconomic status (SES) have an earlier age at menarche.

Questions for case I:
1. What are the dependent and independent variables in the study? What is the appropriate scale
of measurements for both variables?
2. Is it paired or unpaired observation?
3. What are the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis? Is it one-sided or two-sided?
4. What is the appropriate parametric test that we can use to test the null hypothesis?

Case II
In a pediatric clinic a study is carried out to see how effective aspirin is in reducing temperature.
Twelve 5-year-old children suffering from influenza had their temperatures (F) taken
immediately before and one hour after administration of aspirin.

Questions for case II:
1. What are the dependent and independent variables in the study? What is the appropriate scale
of measurements for both variables?
2. Is it paired or unpaired observation?
3. What are the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis? Is it one-sided or two-sided?
4. What is the appropriate parametric test that we can use to test the null hypothesis?

Case III
Researchers compared protein intake (mg) among three groups of postmenopausal women:
1. Women eating a standard American diet (SAD)
2. Women eating a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet (LAC)
3. Women eating a strict vegetarian diet (VEG)

Questions for case III:
1. What are the dependent and independent variables in the study? What is the appropriate scale
of measurements for both variables?
2. Is it paired or unpaired observation?
3. What are null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis?
4. What is the appropriate parametric test that we can use to test the null hypothesis?










Data for case I (1 =high SES, 2 =low SES)































No.
Group Age at menarche (years)
1.
1 10
2.
1 10
3.
1 10
4.
1 10
5.
1 11
6.
1 11
7.
1 11
8.
1 11
9.
1 11
10.
1 11
11.
2 11
12.
2 11
13.
2 11
14.
1 12
15.
1 12
16.
1 12
17.
1 12
18.
1 12
19.
1 12
20.
1 12
21.
1 12
22.
1 12
23.
1 12
24.
2 12
25.
2 12
No.
Group Age at menarche (years)
26.
2 12
27.
2 12
28.
1 13
29.
1 13
30.
1 13
31.
1 13
32.
1 13
33.
1 13
34.
2 13
35.
2 13
36.
2 13
37.
2 13
38.
2 13
39.
2 13
40.
1 14
41.
1 14
42.
1 14
43.
1 14
44.
2 14
45.
2 14
46.
2 14
47.
2 14
48.
2 15
49.
2 15
50.
2 15
Data for case II

Temperature before given aspirin (F) Temperature 1 hour after given aspirin (F)
102.4 99.6
103.2 100.1
101.9 100.2
103 101.1
101.2 99.8
100.7 100.2
102.5 101
103.1 100.1
102.8 100.7
102.3 101.1
101.9 101.3
101.4 100.2

Data for case III







No.
Group Protein intake (mg)
1.
1 66
2.
1 70
3.
1 72
4.
1 73
5.
1 74
6.
1 75
7.
1 76
8.
1 77
9.
1 80
10.
1 84
11.
2 48
12.
2 50
13.
2 54
14.
2 55
15.
2 56
16.
2 57
17.
2 58
18.
2 59
19.
2 64
20.
2 66
21.
3 40
22.
3 38
23.
3 44
24.
3 45
25.
3 46
26.
3 47
27.
3 48
28.
3 49
29.
3 56
30.
3 54